最新选修8unit1单词电子教案
人教课标版高中英语选修8 Unit1_Grammar名师教学设计
2.T: From the analysis of the sentence patterns, can you tell me what types of noun clauses are there.
S:Noun clauses are classified as subject clause, object clause, predicative clause and appositive clause.
It happened that…碰巧…
It appears that…似乎…
4It is＋过去分词＋从句
It is reported that…据报道…
It has been proved that…已证实…
It is said that…据说…
it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
it作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:
DELC2获取新知识
Step2
Production
（学习
新知）(20mins)
1.Teacher guide Ss to learn the grammar rules of noun clauses.
名词性从句
【概念与分类】在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
It hasn’t been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.
[精品]新人教版选修8高中英语 unit 1优质课教案
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◆词汇拓展：1. ___________ adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的→______________n. 差别；区分；卓著2. ___________ n.手段；方法→______________v.意思是;打算;意味着→___________ adj.有意义的→______________adj.无意义的3. _____________n.大多数；大半→________________少数；少数民族__________adj.主要的，最重要的4. ________________ n.百分比;百分率→________________n.百分之几5. ________________ vi.移入（外国定居）→______________ n. 移民；移居入境6. _______________ adj.人种的；种族的→_________________ n.种族；比赛◆重要词组：1. _________________________继续存在；继续生存2. _________________________ 用……方法;借助……3. _________________________ 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等4. ___________________________很大比例的5. ___________________________坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）◆课堂导析1. live on 以…为主食；靠…过活；继续生存（vi）（原句）_____________________________这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。
【拓展】live with…忍受lead / live a ….life 过着….的生活【运用】翻译句子1)______________________________________________________我以面包和水为主要食物。
2)______________________________________________________那个老人过着幸福的生活。
选修八unit1教案
The First Period WordsI. Teaching Aims:Knowledge goals: 1. Learn some new words according to the knowledge of the wordformation.Ability goals 2. Enable the Ss to pronounce the new words and expressions correctly. Emotion Goals : 3.Arouse Ss’ interest in studying English .II. Teaching Important & Difficult Points:Learn some new words according to the knowledge of the word formation.Ⅲ. Teaching Procedures:Step 1. PronunciationPronounce the new words individually ,in pairs or in class.Pronounce them again after the tape.Step 2. Studying the new wordsAnalyze some of the new words according to the word formation so as to help the Ss study them1.派生词distinlt(adj)______(n). elect(v)________(n)racial(adj)_______(n) applicant(n)______(v)social(adj)________(n.社会) ________n(社会主义者) ____________n(社会主义)occvr (v)_________(n) indicate(v)_________(n)condultor(n)_______(v) bakery(n)__________(v)punishment(n______(v) Thouyhtful(adj)________(n)2.兼类词：有两种词性的词elect vt ______ n.______ boom n_____ vi_______korean adj_____ n_______ socialist n_____ adj______break n_______ v_______ slip v_______ n_______hire n________ v_____ reform v_____ n_______grasp v________ n_______ ferry n______ v________3.短语a. 根据汉意写出下列短语用···方法_____________ 背靠背________ 与···合作或一起工作___________画线；标出···界线________ 申请_________ 习惯了新的方式、工作等_________b. 短语联想Keep短语联想keep up 保持keep up with 跟上Keep on doing 继续、反复做某事keep back;抑制或阻止感情等的流露，隐瞒、拒绝告知某事keep ….. from …..忍住不做某事keep out; 使不进入、防止进入keep out of ;避免某事，不受…的影响keep off 使远离、不接触某人某事keep in touch with与…保持联系keep to sth 坚持、不违背（诺言、计划等）keep away from 躲开、避开Live短语联想Live with 忍受，忍耐live through经历过live on “以…为食”，或“靠…生活”；Live by doing靠…为生live up to符合，不辜负，履行…up with短语联想Team up with_与..合作或一起工作_ keep up with_跟上，不落后与人__ catch up with___追上，赶上__put up with _忍受，忍耐________ end up with__以…结束______Take短语联想take in_包括；吸收；欺骗；改小take away__拿开；消除（病痛等）take down_记下来；拆take for_（错）当做_；(误)以为__ take off_起飞；脱下take up_占据；开始；从事Take over___接收，接管take on_呈现；雇佣_____ take sth into account___考虑_______Take sth seriously__认真对待某事Exercise1.单词拼写1.There are strict controls on_______(移民)into this country.2.Thiswill heip to promote________(种族的)harmony.3.The ship passed through the______(海峡)between two islands.4.The ______(繁华)in building has resulted in the local land being more valuable now for houses.5.I found my bike by _______(手段)of a notice in the newspaper.答案:1.immigration 2.racial 3.strait 4.boom 5.means2.用所给词的正确形式填写1.He’ll_______some of there differences, for which he will use photographs as_______.(illustration)2.1)There is a _______possibility that she’ll be your teacher next term.(distinct)2)I can make a clear _______between the two.(distinction)3. 1)The ______of people seem to prefer TV to radio.(major)2)Hespent the _______part of a year abroad.(major)4. An ________can speak________,whose motherland is _______.(Italy)5. The USA has many _______form the world,and people of the worid still like to _______therenow.(immigrate)答案:1.illustrate;illustration 2.1)distinct 2)distinction 3.1)majority 2)major 4.Italian;Italian;Italy5.immigrants;immigrate3.短语填空1.The city has many job chances, which________many people______it.2.In more recent decades,California has_______more people form Asia,where the climate and the lifestyleare pleasant.3.In 1911 immigrants form Denmark founded a town________, which today still________their Danishculture.4.After they immigrated to the country, their customs and languages still _______in their new home.5.It is said that thesesettlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America_______a land bridge.6.Thousands of natives were killed by the settlers.______,many died form the diseases brought by theEuropeans.7.Some returned home, but most remained here to_______for themselves.答案：1. attract…to… 2. become home to 3. of thsir own; keeps up 4. Live on 5. by means of 6. in addition 7. make a lifeThe Second Period ReadingI. Teaching Aims;Knowledge goals: 1.Help students to learn about the knowledge of USA especially California.Ability goals: 2.Develop Ss’ reading ability by skimming, scanning and careful reading.Emotion Goals 3.Arouse Ss’ interest in science .II. Teaching Important PointsLearn the huge diversity of races and cultures in California.III. Teaching Difficult PointsEncourage the students to discuss the question in page3Ex3 and make a summary of the passage.V. Teaching Procedures:Step 1 Warming up.1.Ask the students to discuss If you want to learn something about a country, a state, etc, what we want toknow.Size Location Capital Population Language History geography Customs culture climate, agricultureindustry, education medical care……Step 2 Pre-reading1.Ask the students to tell things about California including its location, size, population, economy, history etc.What do you learn about California?Step 3 Fast reading1.Read through the passage and get the main idea.1.What’s the topic of this text?A. the culture of CaliforniaB. the history of CaliforniaC. the weather of CaliforniaD. the history of USA2.Which state in the USA has the largest Population? California (over 30 million people)3.How many kinds of people are mentioned in this text?Step 4 Detail readingNative Americans : Answer the following questions1.Time: 15000 years ago2.Where did they come from: from Asian to Alaska3.What happened in the sixteenth century?Native Americans were killed by Europeanwere forced into slaverydied from the diseasesurvived the terrible timesRussians & Gold MinersDo some T or F questions:1.In the early 1800s, Russian fur trappers began settling in California. T2.In 1848, before the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. F3.A lot of adventures achieved their dream of becoming rich. F4.California become the thirty-first state of the United states of American in 1850. TStep 5 After readingWhy is California in the 21st century such a multicultural community? (Using 3 or 4 sentences toexplain. )T he state of California is a multicultural community because European, African and Asian people have been immigrating to the state for the last 200 years. Before their arrival, native American people had lived there for thousands of years. People from all over the world are still coming to settle in California because of its good climate and the lifestyle it offers.Step 6 HomeworkFinish “Learning about language”on page 4.The Third & Fourth Periods Language PointsTeaching aims1．To learn the useful expressions an d sentence structures in the reading.2．To enable students to use language points both orally and in written forms.3．To further get students inspired.Difficult points:Some key words often used in the exams.Important points:How to use the words and some important rules related to the new words.Teaching steps:Step 1Learning following words and phrases in reading text.1. distinction n.差别；区分；卓著常用结构：make a distinction between 对……加以区分win a distinction for 因……而获功勋without distinction 无差别地；一视同仁地distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的be distinct from ... 与……不同（的）He has a distinct gift for drawing.他有很明显的绘画天赋。
Unit 1《The written word》-word power教案1(牛津译林版选修8)
Period 3 Word PowerⅠ. Teaching aims:Enable Ss to use the new words about the literatureEnable Ss to learn useful strategy to expand their vocabularyⅡ. Teaching important points:Enable Ss to learn and master words about literatureEnable Ss to know the classification of literatureⅢ. Teaching difficult points:Enable Ss to give correspondent definition of each new wordEnable Ss to classify literatureⅣ. Teaching methods:Cooperative learning, task-based learningⅤ. Teaching aids:A computer, a blackboard, a tape-recorderⅥ. Teaching procedures:StepⅠ GreetingsStepⅡ Brainstorming1. Are you interested in books? What kind of books are you fond of?2. How many categories of literature can you name? What does each of them include? StepⅢ PracticePart A1. Read the article and find out all the types of literatures mentioned.2. Read part A again and fill in the Chart below.Discussion1. Who are they?2. Match the names and worksPart B1. Look at the following pictures and describe their works and contributions2. Use more information to introduce each literary figures.Part C1. Practice reading the words in bold from parts A and B.2.Read the passage of Part C carefully3. Fill in the blanksStep IV. Vocabulary extensionWork in groups1. match the words and their meanings2. complete the crossword puzzleStep V. Homework1. Try to find more names of literature.2. Do exercises about literature in your workbook.3. Talk about different literary figures.。
高中英语选修8 Unit1 Using Language教案
Unit 1 A land of diversityPeriod 6 Using Language: Reading and writing Teaching aims:1.Improve the students’ reading ability (skimming and scanning).2.Enable the students to grasp the useful words and expressions.3.Practise the students’ writing.Teaching important and difficult points:1.Improve the students’ reading ability (skimming and scanning).2.Enable the students to grasp the useful words and expressions. Teaching methods:Reading, discussion, enjoying.Teaching procedures:Step1 Quickly read George’s diary, write the day he saw these things under the photos.Step2 Read George’s carefully and answer the questions.1. Why did Andrew Hallidie invent the cable car system?2. Where did George eat lunch on his first day in San Francisco?3. Why did George hire a car? Why do you think he joined up with Terri and Peter?4. Name three things that visitors can do in Chinatown.5. What is Alcatraz Island famous for?Answers: 1.Because he saw a terrible accident in which a tramslipped down the hill dragging the horses with it.2. He ate at Fisherman’s Wharf.3. It was cheaper to hire a car with other people because they could share the cost. Also he probably enjoyed being in the company of other tourists.4. Eat in Chinese restaurants, go to markets, visit temples and museums.5. The island was a famous immigration station where many Chinese people applied for right to live in USA.Step3 Rewrite the diary entry for Tuesday inserting all the missing words.Step4 WritingImagine you are on holiday somewhere. Write an email or a postcard to a friend telling him/her about your trip.Step 5 Language points1.Apparently he’d been shocked when he saw a terrible accident inwhich a tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it.Apparently ad.1. 显然地He was________ much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。
新人教版选修八Unit1 Vocabulary and Useful Expressions教案
Unit 1 A Land of DiversityVocabulary and Useful ExpressionsTeaching Goals:1. Enable the Ss to learn more about the word transformation between the nouns, adjectives and verbs.2. Help the Ss learn how to know the parts of speech according to the suffixes.Target Language:Catholic，slavery, Spanish, mix, mixture, nationality, majority, immigrant, percentage, make a life, a great manyNow he and his family form part of the interesting mixture of peoples that make up the Spanish population.In that war, a great many immigrants had to leave their motherland and began to make a life at other places.Key Teaching PointsGet the Ss to know the word about the USADifficult points:1. How to talk about the history of CaliforniaTeaching methodsStudy individually, practice in groups.Teaching aidsStudy individually, practice in groups.Teaching proceduresStep1.RevisionAsk Ss to discuss the question in Activity 4 on page4, trying to explain the reasons in their own words and write 3-4 sentences. Ask them to share their answers and show their opinions.“First of all, let’s deal with our homework. Now work in groups and discuss the question in Activity 4, trying to explain the reasons in your own words and write 3-4 sentences.Share your answers with your group members.A sample discussion:S1: The Native Americans of California are continuing to heal from the wounds of the past. As California recognizes the value of its multi-ethnic diversity, its native people are encouraged to celebrate their heritage and share it with the wider California culture.S2: The number of African Americans in California increased dramatically following the turn of 20th century. Although old patterns of prejudice persisted, African Americans advanced in politics, business, sports and entertainment. School segregation and discrimination in housing were banned, but problems of unemployment, underemployment and racism continue to be addressed in theAfrican-American community.S3: By 1990, the number of European and Canadian immigrants had fallen dramatically, to less than 10 percent , and the number of immigrants from Mexico and Central America had climbed to well over half of the total.S4: Additionally, California’s share of Asian immigrants doubled and now accounts for 40 percent of new immigrants in the state.Step 2 SuffixationFirst, ask the Ss to show their collected suffixes. Ask them to review the function of verbs, nouns and adjectives. And then ask them to fill in the charts with the proper forms of the words by practicing Activity 1 on page 4. At last, check the answers with the whole class.Today we are going to learn about suffixes. Do you know what a suffix is?A suffix is a particle, which added to the end of a root.Do you know anything more about it?Generally, suffixes do not change the meaning of the root, but it’s part of speech. e.g. lead(v) leadership(n) ill(adj) illness(n)Although each suffix has its own meaning, it can’t be used separately without the root. However, some suffixes add new meanings to the newly formed words. e.g. meaning—meaningless think—thinker. Ok, who’d like to share your collected suffixes with us?Step 3 Word Study1.Get the Ss to review the meanings of the useful words and expressions in the passage with thehelp of the context or dictionaries if necessary and fill in the given chart.Now let’s review the useful words and expressions in the passage, and fill in the given chart in pairs. You can guess them with the help of the context. If necessary, you can se dictionaries. And then please finish Activity 2 on page4.Show the following:SkimmingIn this part, the Ss will read the text again and try to get the main idea in groups of 4. Then show the following form on the screen. Give them a few minutes to fill in the form. Then check the answers with the whole class.Check the answer with the whole class.Step 5 Homework1.Ask the Ss to finish Activities 1-3 on page 48.2.Ask the Ss to prepare for the grammar about the Noun Clause3.。
人教版高中英语选修八教案：Unit1.doc
Book 8 Unit1精美句子1、善思则能“从无字句处读书”。
读沙漠，读出了它坦荡豪放的胸怀；读太阳，读出了它普照万物的无私；读春雨，读出了它润物无声的柔情。
读大海，读出了它气势磅礴的豪情。
读石灰，读出了它粉身碎骨不变色的清白。
2、幸福幸福是“临行密密缝，意恐迟迟归”的牵挂；幸福是“春种一粒粟，秋收千颗子”的收获. 幸福是“采菊东篱下，悠然见南山”的闲适；幸福是“奇闻共欣赏，疑义相与析”的愉悦。
幸福是“随风潜入夜，润物细无声”的奉献；幸福是“夜来风雨声，花落知多少”的恬淡。
幸福是“零落成泥碾作尘，只有香如故”的圣洁。
幸福是“壮志饥餐胡虏肉，笑谈渴饮匈奴血”的豪壮。
幸福是“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的胸怀。
幸福是“人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青”的气节。
3、大自然的语言丰富多彩：从秋叶的飘零中，我们读出了季节的变换；从归雁的行列中，我读出了集体的力量；从冰雪的消融中，我们读出了春天的脚步；从穿石的滴水中，我们读出了坚持的可贵；从蜂蜜的浓香中，我们读出了勤劳的甜美。
4、成功与失败种子，如果害怕埋没，那它永远不能发芽。
鲜花，如果害怕凋谢，那它永远不能开放。
矿石，如果害怕焚烧（熔炉），那它永远不能成钢（炼成金子）。
蜡烛，如果害怕熄灭（燃烧），那它永远不能发光。
航船，如果害怕风浪，那它永远不能到达彼岸。
5、墙角的花，当你孤芳自赏时，天地便小了。
井底的蛙，当你自我欢唱时，视野便窄了。
笼中的鸟，当你安于供养时，自由便没了。
山中的石！当你背靠群峰时，意志就坚了。
水中的萍！当你随波逐流后，根基就没了。
空中的鸟！当你展翅蓝天中，宇宙就大了。
空中的雁！当你离开队伍时，危险就大了。
地下的煤！你燃烧自己后，贡献就大了6、朋友是什么？朋友是快乐日子里的一把吉它，尽情地为你弹奏生活的愉悦；朋友是忧伤日子里的一股春风，轻轻地为你拂去心中的愁云。
朋友是成功道路上的一位良师，热情的将你引向阳光的地带；朋友是失败苦闷中的一盏明灯，默默地为你驱赶心灵的阴霾。
高二英语module8unit1单词教学案（译林牛津版高二英语选修八教案教学设计）
高二英语module8 unit1 单词教学案 (译林牛津版高二英语选修八教案教学设计)高二英语module8 unit1 单词教学案1.classic adj. 经典的;古典的 classic novel\ literaturen. 名著 Classics are the antiques of the literary world.This book is one of the classics of English literature.classical adj. 古典的(古典文学通用) 古典音乐2.wisdom 智慧;学识I question the wisdom of giving a child so much money.He showed great wisdom in what he said and did.厌倦自由3.adaptation n. 改编;改写(for)He made a quick adaptation to the new environment.This play is an adaptation of a novel.adapt vt. 改编(for\from) ;使适应(…to ) 注意与adopt的区别。
He tried hard to the new conditions.The author is going to his play the television.4.harm n.伤害损害 do harm to sb. =do sb. harm损害某人暴风雨损害了庄稼没有？Did the storm do any harm to the crop?harm vt. 伤害损害早起对你没有害处Getting up early won’t harm you.harm set; harm get 害人害己 mean no harm 无恶意 come to no harm 安然无恙harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to5.prejudice n 偏见 prejudiced adj.have a prejudice against 对…有偏见have a prejudice in favor of …对…有偏爱Vt. prejudice sb. against (使某人对…有偏见)prejudice sb. in favor of (使某人对….有偏爱)panion ncompany n \accompany vtaccompany sb on sth \to do sthkeep sb company=be in company with sbkeep company with sb 与某人交好7. be bent on 一心想要 .be bent on sth / doing sth 一心想要;决心要归纳拓展make up one’s mind下定决心determine to do sth决定做某事(表示动作)be determined to do sth 决心做某事(表示状态)determine sb to do sth使某人下决心做某事decide on/upon决定某事bend one’s mind to sth专心于某事物bend (sb) to sth(迫使某人)屈从;顺从(练练吧!)1.___________ to train his daughter in English, he put an ad like this in the paper,＂ , an English teacher for a ten-year-old girl.”A. Determined; WantedB. Determined; WantingC. Determine ; WantedD. Determining Wanting2.He is _________ learning English well.A. bent toB. bent onC. bending toD. bending onbend vi\vt (使)弯曲;向～屈服 She was forced to bend to public pressureShe bent her mind to her job. 专心于…8.settle vt 使定居;安顿;安放;解决My son has happily settled in the USA. We are settled in our new home.The Dutch settled in South Africa. We have settled who willpay for the meal.They settled the dispute themselves.settle down 舒适地坐或躺；安居She settled down in an armchair to read her book.When are you going to marry and settle down?settle (sb) down (使)某人安顿，安心The chairman tried to settle the audience down.9.acquaintance n1)熟悉，熟知I have some ~ with Italian. I have no ~ with the book.2) 熟人，相识He has many acquaintances in the business community.make the ~ of = make sb’s ~ 和～相识It was at Mary’s party that I first made his ~ .have a nodding ~ with 与某人有点头之交；对某事物略知一二acquaint vt (使)熟悉于;使明白 ~ sb\oneself with…be acquainted with 熟识;认识(练练吧!)I made _____ acquaintance of his sister at the party and then I fell in ____ love with her.A. an; aB. the ; aC. the ; /D. an ; apanion n. 同伴伴侣company n 伴随陪伴 keep sb company=be in company with sbkeep company with sb 与某人交好accompany vt 伴随陪伴 accompany sb on sth \to do sth11.reform vt\vi \n (使)改过自新;改造;改良We should try to reform criminals rather than punish them.a reformed man 一个改过自新的人 a reform in teaching methods 教学法之改进12.pressure n./vt 压力对…施加压力，迫使pressure sb into sth/ doing sth强迫某人做某事put pressure on sb (to do sth) (试图)迫使某人(做某事); 催逼某人be under the pressure of …在…的压力之下work at high pressure 紧张地工作(练练吧!)We don’t want to ________ pressure _______ you to make a decision, but we haven’t much time left.A put; toB place; onC put; onD place; to13.sigh n.&vi.叹气叹息 breathe/give a sighv. sigh with sth. 叹息，叹气He sighed with pleasure after the excellent meal. 他美餐一顿之后，满足地叹了一口气。
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Unit 1△California 加利福尼亚（州）△Californian 加利福尼亚（州）人△illustrate vt. 说明；阐明distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的distinction n. 差别；区分；卓著△immigrant n. （从外国移入的）移民live on 继续存在；继续生存strait n. 海峡△Bering 白令海峡Arctic adj. 北极的；北极区的the Arctic 北极means n. 手段；方法by means of… 用……办法；借助……△prehistoric adj. 史前的majority n. 大多数；大半ministry n. （政府的）部；（全体）牧师；牧师的职责Catholic adj. 天主教的n.天主教徒△Alaska n. 阿拉斯加（州）△San Francisco n. 圣弗朗西斯科（也称旧金山）△adventurer n. 冒险家make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等△despite prep. 尽管；不管hardship n. 苦难；困苦elect vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人federal adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的rail n. 铁路；扶手；（护栏的）横条percentage n. 百分比；百分率△Los Angeles n. 洛杉矶Italy n. 意大利Italian n. 意大利人；意大利语adj.意大利人的；意大利语的Denmark n. 丹麦（北欧国家）keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）△Hollywood n. 好莱坞；美国电影业boom n. （人口、贸易的）繁荣vi. 处于经济迅速发展时期aircraft n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机△Cambodian n. 柬埔寨人；柬埔寨语Korea n. 韩国；朝鲜Korean n. 韩国/朝鲜人；朝鲜/韩语adj.韩国（人/语）的；朝鲜（人/语）的Pakistan n. 巴基斯坦Pakistani adj. 巴基斯坦（人）的n.巴基斯坦人△immigrate vi. 移入（外国定居）immigration n. 移民；移居入境racial adj. 人种的；种族的crossing n.横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道vice n. & adj. 代理；副职nephew n. 侄子；外甥pole n. 地极；电极；磁极applicant n. 申请人customs n. 海关；关税；进口税socialist n. 社会主义者；社会党人adj.社会主义者的socialism n. 社会主义occur vi. 发生；出现cattle n. 牛（总称）△Hispanic n. （美）讲西班牙语的美国人indicate vt. 指出；指示；表明；暗示back to back 背靠背luggage n. 行李（<美>baggage）shave vt. & vi. (shaved; shaved, shaven)刮；剃△cable n. 缆绳；绳索；电缆△cable car 缆车；（美）有轨缆车△Andrew Hallidie 安德鲁•海利迪tram n. （有轨）电车apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的apparently adv. 显然地；显而易见地brake n. 闸；刹车；制动器Vi. & vt. 刹（车）；用制动器减速conductor n. （公车）售票员；列车员；（乐队）指挥slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤n.滑动；滑倒△wharf n. 码头bakery n. 面包房；面包厂ferry n. 渡船；渡口vt.摆渡；渡运△Angel Island 天使岛team up with 与……合作或一起工作hire vt. & n. 租用；雇用△fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的mark out 划线；标出……界线seagull n. 海鸥take in 包括；吸收angle n. 角；角度a great/good many 许多；很多apply for 申请；请示得到nowhere adv. 无处；到处都无△miserable adj. 痛苦的；悲惨的punishment n. 处罚；惩罚justice n. 公正；公平mourn vt. & vi. 哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛civil adj. 公民的；国内的；民间的authority n. 权威；权力(pl)当局；官方reform vt. & vi. 改革；革新n.改革；改造；改良grasp vt. & n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会△thoughtful adj. 关切的；体贴的；深思的thankful adj. 感激的；感谢的insert vt. 插入；嵌入Unit 2differ vi. 不同；相异exact adj. 精确的；准确的△cutting n. 剪枝；剪报；剪纸twin n. 双胞胎之一；孪生儿之一adj.成对的；成双的△identical adj. 同一的；一模一样的commercial adj. 商业的；贸易的straightforward adj. 简单的；直接的；坦率的△complicated adj. 复杂的；难懂的undertake vt. (undertook, undertaken)着手；从事；承担pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清breakthrough n. 突破procedure n. 程序；步骤；手续△nucleus n. 原子核；中心△somatic adj. 躯体的；肉体的；细胞体的△embryo n. 胚；胚胎；萌牙时期carrier n. 携带者；搬运工；运输工具cast vt. (cast, cast) 扔；投；掷cast down 沮丧；不愉快altogether adv. 总共；完全地arbitrary adj. 任意的△fate n. 命运；天命correction n. 改正；纠正；修正object vi. 反对；不赞成objection n. 不赞成；反对；异议△impact n. 撞击；冲击；巨大的影响medium n. 媒介；手段；工具the media 大众传播媒体（如电视、报纸等）obtain vt. 获得；赢得attain vt. 获得；到达（水平、年龄、状况等）moral adj. 道德（上）的；伦理的conservative adj. 保守的；守旧的forbid vt. (forbade,forbad; forbidden)禁止；不准accumulate vt. 积累；聚保in favour of 赞成；支持side road 旁路；支线；岔道(<美>sidewalk) constitution n. 宪法；章程compulsory adj. 必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的opera n. 歌剧；歌剧团；歌剧院chorus n. 合唱；合唱队loaf n. 一条（面包）flour n. 面粉owe vt. 欠（账、钱、人情等）；归功于……shortly adv. 立刻；不久retire vi. 退休；离开bother vt. 打扰vi.操心n.烦扰(be) bound to (do) 一定或注定（做）……assumption n. 假定；设想regulation n. 规则；规章；法规△nonsense n. 胡说；无稽之谈；废话△popularity n. 受人喜爱；流行△Jurassic Park 侏罗纪公园（美国电影名）strike vi & vt. (struck, struck)打；撞击；罢工strike…into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心△bison n. 北美或欧洲野牛△calf n. 小牛；牛犊from time to time 不时；偶尔bring back to life 使复生；使复活initial adj. 最初的；开始的△DNA 脱氧核糖核酸vain adj. 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的in vain 白费力气；枉费心机resist vt. 抵抗；对抗drawback n. 缺点；不利条件merely adv. 仅；只；不过△restore vt. 恢复；使恢复原状；重建△aurochs n. 原牛（古欧洲野牛，已灭）decoration n. 装饰unable adj. 不能的；不会的△great auk n. 大海雀（已灭绝）feather n. 羽毛△quagga n. 白氏斑马（已灭绝）△fairly adv. 公平地；相当地in good/poor condition 状况很好（坏）；turkey n. 火鸡△dye vt. 给……染色；染n.染色剂claw n. 爪；脚爪adore vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱hatch vt. & vi. 孵出；孵卵；孵化reasonable adj. 合情理的；讲道理的；公道的Unit 3△amphibious adj. 两栖（类）的△George Stephenson 乔治•斯蒂芬森（英国发明家，蒸汽机的发明人）patent n. 专利证书；专利权call up 给……打电话courtyard n. 院子；庭院；天井now and then 偶尔；有时walnut n. 胡桃；胡桃木distinguish vi. & vt. 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别merciful adj. 宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的product n. 产品powder n. 粉末；火药set about 开始；着手perfume n. 香水；香味stainless adj.无锈的；不锈的：没有污点的△jelly n. 果冻；果冻状物cube n. 立方体；立方cubic adj. 立方的abrupt adj. 突然的；意外的abruptly adv. 突然地；唐突地convenient adj. 便利的；方便的；就近的caution n. 小心；谨慎expectation n. 预料；期待；期望passive adj. 被动的；消极的；被动语态的merry adj. 愉快的；高兴的merrily adv. 高兴地；愉快地seize vt. 抓住；捉住；夺△recognition n. 认出；认可；承认criterion n. （评判的）标准；尺度△claim n. & vt. 要求；声称；主张valid adj. 有效的；确凿的file n. 文件；档案；文件夹vt. 提交；将……归档ripe adj. 熟的；成熟的string n. 线；绳子；一串glue n. 胶；胶水vt.粘贴；粘合△rod n. 杆；棒greengrocer n. 果蔬商（pl）蔬菜水果店identification n. 鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明directory n. 电话簿；商行名录dial vt. 拨（电话）rainfall n. 降雨△courtroom n. 法庭；审判室innocent adj. 清白的；无罪的；天真的lantern n. 灯笼；提灯bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担jam n. 堵塞；阻塞；果酱△Alexander Graham亚历山大•格雷厄姆•贝尔△microphone n. 麦克风；话筒forehead n. 额头beaten track 被踩出来的路；常规；惯例△occasionally adv. 偶然地；不时地dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入dynamic adj. 充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的set out (to do) 开始（做）△multiple adj. 多种的；多样的；多类型的n.倍数△Morse 莫尔斯电码dot n. 点；小圆点vt. 以小圆点标出；分散tap vt. 轻打；轻拍；轻敲n.轻轻地敲击（声）；（水）龙头wire n. 金属丝；电线straw n. 稻草；麦秆；饮料吸管△reproduce vt. 复制；再现……的形象或声音current n. （水或气）流；电流helicopter n. 直升飞机triangle n. 三角形；三角形物体△tetrahedron n. 四面体stable adj. 稳固的；稳定的；安定的△invaluable adj. 无价的；极宝贵的associate vt. 联想；联系n.同伴；伙伴practical adj. 实际的；实践的；实用的△James Dyson 詹姆斯•戴森（英国发明家）refrigerator n. 冰箱court n. 法庭；法院；朝廷extension n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸hang on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障get through 设法联系上（尤指打通电话）；（设法）做完；通过ring back 回复电话ring off 挂断电话version n. 版本；译本competence n. 能力；胜利；本领△competent n. 能胜任的；有能力的；称职的jeep n. 吉普车personnel n. 人力资源；人事部；全体人员Unit 4△Pygmalion n. 皮格马利翁（希腊神话）△George Bernard Shaw 乔治•伯纳德•萧adaptation n. 适应（性）；改编本classic adj. 经典的；第一流的n.经典著作caption n. （图片上的）说明文字；（电视、电影）字幕；（杂志等文章的）标题；韪plot n. 情节；阴谋professor n. 教授△Higgins 希金斯（姓）△phonetics n. 语音学△colonel n. （陆军）上校△Pickering 皮克林（姓）△fateful adj. 重要的；决定性的；命中注定的whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出汽笛声n.口哨声；汽笛声garment n. （一件）衣服（外套、裙、袍等）（pl）服装woollen adj. 毛纺的；纯毛的（<美>woolen）hesitate vi. 犹豫；踌躇uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的；不安的；不自在的uncomfortably adv. 不舒服的；不自在地troublesome adj. 带来麻烦的；使人心烦的wallet n. 皮夹；钱包outsome n. 结果；效果thief n. 小偷；贼handkerchief n. 手帕；手绢；纸巾△disguise vt. 伪装；假扮；遮掩n.伪装△in disguise 伪装（的）；假扮（的）mistaken adj. （见解或判断上）错误的；不正确的brilliant adj. 光辉灿烂的；杰出的；才华横溢的classify vt. 编排；分类；归类remark n. 谈论；言论；评述vt. & vi.谈论；评论；说起betray vt. 显露出（本来面目）；背叛upper adj. （位置或地位）较高的；级别较高的extraordinary adj. 不同寻常的；非凡的condemn vi. 谴责；使……注定△gutter n. 排水沟；阴沟；贫民区properly adv. 适当地；恰当地pass…off as… （把某人）改变或冒充成……△duchess n. 公爵夫人；女公爵ambassador n. 大使；使节acquaintance n. 相识；了解；熟人make one’s acquaintance 结识；与……相见handful n. 一把；少量△amazement n. 惊讶；惊愕△in amazement 震惊；惊讶fortune n. 机会；运气；大笔的钱authentic adj. 真实的；真正的；可信的；可靠的generally speaking 一般来说status n. 身份；地位；职位superior adj. 优秀的；较高的；上级的n.上级；长官in terms of… 就……来说；从……角度△disapprove vt. & vi. 不赞成；反对；认为不好rob vt. 抢劫；盗窃；剥夺antique adj. 古时的；（因古老、稀少而）珍贵的n. 文物；古董；古玩musical adj. 音乐的；喜爱音乐的n.音乐喜剧stocking n. 长袜△believer n. 信徒；教徒Buddhism n. 佛教△Buddhist n. 佛教徒adj.佛教的△Buddha n. 佛△vowel n. 元音；元音字母△Pearce 皮尔斯（姓）cookie n. 饼干teapot n. 茶壶cream n. 奶油；面霜nail n. 指甲；钉子show…in 带或领……进来wax n. 蜡；蜜蜡vt.上蜡disk n. 磁盘△wax disk 旧式唱片shabby adj. 破旧的；寒酸的△curtsy vi. （also curtsey）行屈膝礼n.（女子行的）屈膝礼△shilling n. 先令（1971年以前的英国货币单位，旧币的12便士）referee n. 裁判员；仲裁者compromise ni. & vi. 妥协；折衷horrible adj. 可怕的；恐怖的laundry n. 洗衣店；洗衣房；（待洗的或洗好的）衣服bathtub n. 浴缸；澡盆sob vi. 啜泣；抽噎n.啜泣（声）；抽噎（声）waist n. 腰；腰部；腰围vest n. 背心；内衣disgusting adj. 使人反感的；令人厌恶的once more 再一次in need of 需要……△heartily adv. 尽情地；热心地；痛快地overlook vt. 俯视；忽视；不理会alphabet n. 字母表△effective adj. 有效的fade vi. & vt.（使）褪色；减弱；逐渐消失fade out （声音、画面）逐渐模糊；渐淡Unit 5△identify vt. 确认；识别；鉴别alternative n. 可能的选择adj. 供选择的；其他的△archaeology n. 考古学(<美>archeology) △archaeological adj. 考古学的；与考古学有关的(<美>archeological) △archaeologist n. 考古学家(<美>archeologist) starvation n. 挨饿；饿死tentative adj. 试探性的；不确定的accuracy n. 精确；准确△excavate vt. 挖掘；发掘△excavation n. 挖掘；发掘interrupt vt. & vi. 打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止acute adj. 有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的assume vt. 假定；设想regardless adv. 不管；不顾regardless of 不管；不顾mat n. 席子；垫子quilt n. 被子；棉被beast n. 野兽at most 至多；最多centimetre n. 厘米(<美>centimeter) sharpen vi. & vt.（使）锋利；尖锐；清晰sharpener n. 磨具；削具cut up 切碎△scrape vt. 擦净；削平；磨光△scraper n. 刮刀；刮削器ample adj. 足够的；充足的；富裕的messy adj. 凌乱的；脏的primitive adj. 原始的；远古的；简陋的botany n. 植物学botanical adj. 植物学的；与植物学有关的analysis n. 分析seashell n. 海贝壳ripen vt. & vi. 使……成熟；成熟category n. 种类；类别；范畴significance n. 意义；意思；重要性；重要意义somehow adv. 以……方式；不知怎么地systematic adj. 有系统的；有计划的；有条理的spit vt. (spat, spit; spat, spit) 吐出（唾液、食物等）vi.吐痰delete vt. 删；删除album n. 相册；集邮册；唱片scratch n.（刮、抓、划的）痕迹；搔；挠vt. 搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏academy n.学院；学会；学术团体；院校receptionist n. 接待员；招待员onion n. 洋葱kindergarten n. 幼儿园skateboard n. 滑板fed up with 受够了；饱受；厌烦yogurt n. 酸乳酷；酸奶radioactive adj. 放射性的；有辐射能的radioactivity n. 放射性division n. 分割；划分；分配；分界线BC 公元前melon n. （各种）瓜wrinkle n. 皱纹pulse vi. 强烈而有规律地跳动；搏动n.脉搏；节拍applaud vi. & vt. 鼓掌欢迎；赞赏look ahead 向前看；为将来打算howl vt. & vi. 嗥叫；叫喊；吼叫accelerate vi. & vt. 加速；促进spear n. 矛；枪arrest vt. 逮捕；吸引n.逮捕；拘留dizzy adj. 晕眩的；昏乱的；使人发晕或困惑的△eyebrow n. 眉毛△cheekbone n. 颧骨△arrowhead n. 箭头△axe n. 斧；斧子hammer n. 铁锤；锤子gay adj. 快乐的；欢快的gaily adv. 快乐地；轻松地skilful adj. 有技巧的；熟练的(<.美>skillful)date back 追溯到……punctuation n. 标点符号△worship vt. & vi. 崇拜；敬奉n.崇拜；敬神△craftsmanship n. 技艺；手艺；精工细作注意力训练方法注意力有两个基本标准：一是专注性，即是否把精力完全集中到正在注意的对象上；二是持久性，即保持注意的时间长短。