(2020年编辑)CATTI笔译三级讲义
CATTI三级笔译综合能力考试讲义

CATTI三级笔译综合能⼒考试讲义全国翻译资格考试CATTI三级笔译综合能⼒讲义⽬录第⼀节2009年3⽉21⽇下午15:00-17:30主要内容:1.对于考试的了解和复习的基本策略2.主要语法知识点(⼀)定语从句,练习及其译法第⼆节2009年3⽉21⽇晚上18:30-21:00主要内容:1.主要语法知识点(⼆)定语从句,长难句分析及翻译第三节2009年3⽉28⽇下午15:00-17:30主要内容:1.主要语法知识点(三)⾮谓语动词,练习及其译法2.阅读理解讲解第四节2009年3⽉28⽇晚上18:30-21:00主要内容:1.主要语法知识点(四)⾮谓语动词,长难句分析及翻译2.阅读理解两篇第五节2009年3⽉29⽇下午15:00-17:30主要内容:1.主要语法知识点(五)被动语态,练习及其译法2.阅读理解讲解第六节2009年3⽉29⽇晚上18:30-21:00主要内容:1.主要语法知识点(六)被动语态,长难句分析及翻译2.阅读理解两篇第七节2009年4⽉4⽇下午15:00-17:30主要内容:1.主要语法知识点(七)代词及虚拟语⽓,练习及其译法2.阅读理解讲解3.完型填空基本思路讲解第⼋节2009年4⽉4⽇晚上18:30-21:00主要内容:1.主要语法知识点(⼋)代词及虚拟语⽓,长难句分析及翻译2.词汇⼀般练习3.阅读理解两篇第九节2009年4⽉11⽇下午15:00-17:30主要内容:1.词汇⼀般练习,形容词和副词的⼀般译法,长难句分析及翻译2.阅读理解讲解第⼗节2009年4⽉11⽇晚上18:30-21:00主要内容:1.词汇⼀般练习2.阅读理解两篇、完型填空基本思路讲解1.《英语笔译综合能⼒3级》,外⽂出版社,黄源深总主编,2006年版。
(黄⽪书)2.《英语三级笔译考试真题精选》,外⽂出版社,卢敏编,2006年版。
(蓝⽪书)课外阅读材料:1.张培基、喻云根等,《英汉翻译教程》。
上海:上海外语教育出版社,1980年版。
三笔真题电子讲义

第一节-第二节阅卷人评析有幸多次参与国家人事部组织、外文局实施并管理的全国翻译资格(水平)考试的阅卷、质检工作,我发现,一些考生翻译水平还是不错的,但对于翻译的基本常识缺乏了解,不知道如何规范地处理数字、人名、地名、机构名、缩略语以及其他问题,因而或多或少地影响了个人的成绩。
以下是我收集整理的一些考试中常见的“雷区”,可能对考生提高考试成绩有所助益。
一、数字关于数字用法的问题,国家主管部门已有具体规定,各翻译出版机构以及一些国际组织也有自己的专门规定。
有志于从事翻译职业的人应该对这些有起码的了解。
一般的规定是,对于纯粹属于计量或统计范畴的数值,无论原文是否使用阿拉伯数字,译文一般用阿拉伯数字。
例如:原文“654,321,000”,译文中照抄“654,321,000”即可;不能译为6亿5千4百32万1千。
原文“fifty million”,可译为“5 000万”;不能译为“五十百万”,或“50百万”。
对于万以上数字,中文一般以“万”和“亿”为单位;原文“half a billion”,可译为“5亿”。
原文“five trucks”,可译为“5辆卡车”;原文“3-4 percent”,可译为“3%-4%”;原文“five percentage points”,可译为“5个百分点”。
原文用英文数字或罗马数字表示的,除纯粹属于计量或统计范畴的数值的情况外,译文用汉字。
例如:原文“Chapter II”,可译为“第二章”,不能译为“第2章”;原文“Committee of Twenty-four”,可译为“二十四国委员会”,不能译为“24国委员会”;原文“Sixty-fourth Session”,可译为“第六十四届会议”,不能译为“第64届会议”。
在原文中,数字如作为词素构成固定的词、词组、惯用语、缩略语、具有修辞色彩的语句,以及邻近两个数字连用表示概数的情况,则译文中可使用汉字;整数一至十,如果不是出现在具有统计意义的一组数字中,可以用汉字,但要照顾到上下文,以便求得局部体例上的一致。
catti3级课程培训讲义

二、词汇、句型口译1、词汇口译领导换届 the change of state leadership抗击非典疫症 the combat against SARS 上任 to take office 里程碑landmark惊心动魄 soul-stirring 艰苦卓绝arduous坚定不移steadfast 振兴经济 to revitalize the economy勤劳、勇敢和智能 the assiduity, courage and wisdom改善民主 improve people's livelihood改善施政 improve standards of governance 珠江三角洲 the Pearl River Delta 民族振兴 national revival义不容辞 unshirkable 干杯 cheers欢聚一堂 join (together) 突如其来 No sooner than; come all of a sudden 小康 well-off; well-to-do; comfortably off紓解民困alleviate people's hardships 化解民怨redress public grievances 凝聚民心 improve social solidarity经济转型 economic transformation/restructuring主人翁姿态 role of master 繁荣昌盛thriving prosperity抓紧/加快/推动 step up; speed up; promote香港个人游 Individual Visits to HK 稳定楼市stabilize property market财政政策fiscal policy2、句型口译我们为此感到无比骄傲和自豪。
Our pride and joy in this accomplishment is .三、口译技巧1.英汉语序调整英语状语可前可后,汉语状语一般前置。
2024英语三级笔译(Catti 3)实务真题及参考译文

2024年英语三级笔译(CATTI3)实务真题及参考译文1.英译汉(原文)The last vestiges of Covid Restrictions have finally been removed, and international tourism is exploding—more than 900 million eager tourists took to the skies in 2022, doubling the number from 2021.But as world travel recovers from the pandemic, the rise in tourism is, among other things, overwhelming foreign infrastructure, disrupting local residents and diminishing the overall tourist experience.Although tourism still boosts the economies of hotspot cities, municipal authorities are concerned about the impact over tourism has on their communities and cultural heritage sites and have thus started taking matters into their own hands to mitigate overcrowding.To counter the downsides of overtourism, the travel industry can utilize tech-based tools that combat the root causes of tourist congestion and actively encourage travel to lesser-known places, thereby satisfying tourists without burdening the local residents.According to one study, when tourist numbers exceed a city’s carrying capacity, residents’ perception of their home as a good place to live begins to deteriorate, increasing feelings of resentment toward tourists during peak seasons.Amsterdam, with its picturesque canals, stunning brick architecture and leisurely bicycle paths, is just one of several cities reeling from the effects of overtourism; more than 20 million tourists are anticipated to visit the city this year alone.To curb the flow of visitors without destabilizing the tourism market, the city introduced a cap on overnight guests and is proposing further measures that include relocating some popular tourist attractions to outside the city center—or even removing them altogether.To give the city more “breathing space”, the mayor of Dubrovnik(杜布罗夫尼克,克罗地亚城市)shut down 80% of its souvenir stalls and restricted cruise ship and tour bus operations. City officials in Barcelona instituted taxes for overnight tourists and barred entry to certain food markets. And in Venice, officials banned the development of new hotels and installed turnstiles along popular routes to redirect tourist traffic.To thrive with resident communities, the tourism industry must cultivate a new approach that better serves local interests when promoting destinations and trip options.Marketing trips through the use of thoughtful ad campaigns and tech tools that inspire tourists to venture away from conventional hotspots and explore lesser-known attractions could lead to a more even distribution of travelers across various destinations.To that end, dispersing tourists should be a top business goal for travel providers rather than focusing only on the high-traffic destinations. This not only enables travelers to genuinely experience diverse cultures but also provides vital support torural-located businesses, restaurants and cultural establishments, which stand to gain the most from tourist dollars.In order to empower travelers to visit new or unfamiliar destinations, the industry should consider leveraging tech-based tools to convince them. Airbnb(爱彼迎公司), for example, rolled out flexible search features in 2021 that divert bookings away from destinations at times when overtourism occurs, encouraging tourists to make accommodations in alternative cities or towns.With tourists overrunning major destinations, the tourism industry and local municipalities must find some middle ground. Heavily visited cities will otherwise be forced to impose further tourist restrictions, putting an entire revenue stream at risk.1.英译汉(译文)新冠疫情最后剩余的限制终于被解除,国际旅游业也因此迎来了爆发式增长——2022年,有超过9亿热切的游客乘飞机出行,人数是2021年的两倍。
CATTI笔译实务第三讲文稿

一、翻译鉴赏部分:汉英:1. 20 年前的早春2 月,邓小平先生视察上海时指出:“金融很重要,是现代经济的核心。
金融搞好了,一着棋活,全盘皆活。
”20 年来,中国大力发展现代金融服务业,发挥金融在现代市场经济中的地位和作用。
国际金融危机不仅不会使中国金融业止步不前,反而会使其加快迎头追赶的步伐。
中国将继续按照入世承诺,进一步扩大在金融服务领域的开放,外资银行会享受到更加公平的竞争环境。
Twenty years ago in his visit to Shanghai, Mr Deng Xiaoping commented that "Finance is very important, as it is the core of the modern economy. A sound financial industry is the key to economic success." Over the past 2 decades, China has put vigorous efforts into developing a modern financial industry as an important part of its market economy. The international financial crisis will not deter China from pursuing financial reforms. The Chinese financial industry will only redouble its efforts to catch up with Western countries. China will continue to open its financial sector in line with its WTO commitments and create a level playing field for foreign banks.2. 今年是中国“十二五”规划的开局之年,我们将在未来五年内进一步深化改革开放、加快经济发展方式转变,积极扩大内外需求,提高利用外资质量和效益,并支持中国企业“走出去”,全面参与国际合作。
CATTI三级笔译综合能力考试讲义

全国翻译资格考试CATTI三级笔译综合能力讲义目录第一节2021年3月21日下午15:00-17:30主要容:1.对于考试的了解和复习的根本策略2.主要语法知识点〔一〕定语从句,练习及其译法第二节2021年3月21日晚上18:30-21:00主要容:1.主要语法知识点〔二〕定语从句,长难句分析及翻译第三节2021年3月28日下午15:00-17:30主要容:1.主要语法知识点〔三〕非谓语动词,练习及其译法2.阅读理解讲解第四节2021年3月28日晚上18:30-21:00主要容:1.主要语法知识点〔四〕非谓语动词,长难句分析及翻译2.阅读理解两篇第五节2021年3月29日下午15:00-17:30主要容:1.主要语法知识点〔五〕被动语态,练习及其译法2.阅读理解讲解第六节 2021年3月29日晚上18:30-21:00主要容:1.主要语法知识点〔六〕被动语态,长难句分析及翻译2.阅读理解两篇第七节 2021年4月4日下午15:00-17:30主要容:1.主要语法知识点〔七〕代词及虚拟语气,练习及其译法2.阅读理解讲解3.完型填空根本思路讲解第八节 2021年4月4日晚上18:30-21:00主要容:1.主要语法知识点〔八〕代词及虚拟语气,长难句分析及翻译2.词汇一般练习3.阅读理解两篇第九节 2021年4月11日下午15:00-17:30主要容:1.词汇一般练习,形容词和副词的一般译法,长难句分析及翻译2.阅读理解讲解第十节 2021年4月11日晚上18:30-21:00主要容:1.词汇一般练习2.阅读理解两篇、完型填空根本思路讲解3.最后复习指导性建议推荐教材:1."英语笔译综合能力3级",外文,黄源深总主编,2006年版。
〔黄皮书〕2."英语三级笔译考试真题精选",外文,卢敏编,2006年版。
〔蓝皮书〕课外阅读材料:1.培基、喻云根等,"英汉翻译教程"。
CATTI三级笔译考试经典复习资料全
1. 英译汉Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of organic nature so Marx discovered the law of development of human history, the simple fact , hitherto concealed by an overgrowth of ideology, that mankind must first of all eat, drink, have shelter and clothing before it can pursue politics, science, art, religion, etc; that, therefore the production of the immediate material means of subsistence and consequently the degree of economic development attained by a given people during a given epoch form the foundation upon which the state institutions, the legal conceptions, art, and even the ideas on religion, of the people concerned have been evolved, and in the light of which they must, therefore, be explained, instead of vice versa, as had hitherto been the case.英译汉:正如达尔文发现有机自然界的发展规律一样,马克思发现了人类历史的发展规律,即历来繁茂芜杂的意识形态所掩盖着的一个简单事实:人们首先要吃、要喝、要穿、要住,然后才能从事政治、科学、艺术、宗教等等;所以,生产直接与生活有关部门的物质用品,会为一个民族或一个时代带来一定的经济发展,这两者又构成了国家制度、法律观念、艺术以及宗教思想的基础。
2023年下半年英语三级笔译(CATTI 3)实务真题及参考译文
Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.Guidebook company Lonely Planet has revealed its 18th annual“Best in Travel” list.The 2023 edition is in a slightly different format than it has been in years past. Rather than a simple list, the destinations are split up into five categories – eat, learn, journey, unwind and connect. “This year, we really wanted to try something new and we wanted to reflect the way that we saw travelers looking for travel, which was about the destination, but also about the experience,” explains Nitya Chambers, executive editor and senior vice president of content at Lonely Planet.Lonely Planet reaches out to its wide network of contributors around the world and asks them to nominate destinations they believe should be on the list. From there, editors at Lonely Planet HQ begin to ask more questions, work their sources and narrow down the options until it is released in November.That might mean taking a chance on a new country, like Malta or Guyana, that all your friends haven’t been to yet. It might mean choosing a less-visited place in a favorite destination, like Marseille rather than Paris or Fukuoka instead of Tokyo. All four spots are among the 30 destinations of the 2023 list. It’s no surprise that Peru appears as one of the picks under the “eat” section of Lonely Planet’s list –as it has been racking up the recognition for years on the World’s 50 Best Restaurants list. However, its South American sibling Montevideo – another “eat” entry – is not as high profile. Street food lovers should head to Kuala Lumpur. The capital is a perfect location for an introduction to food from all over Malaysia, like Penang-style curries and fish maw soup.As the world opened up after long Covid restrictions, many travelers felt the urge to connect or reconnect with others. Sydney, in this context, makes Lonely Planet’s “connect” list. The Australian city is known for its friendly inhabitants, as well as for its beautiful beaches, top-notch food scene and a pretty cool opera house. People with African heritage may want to head to Ghana for their own sense of connection. The country observed a Year of Return in 2019, which brought people from all over the diaspora to Ghana with fellowship and community. Just because the pass of the year doesn’t mean the loss of the sense of connection. The country,observed a Year of Return in 2019, which brought people from all over the diaspora to Ghana for fellowship and community. Just because the year passed doesn’t mean that the sense of connection has gone: Ghana wants to hit a goal of eight million tourists per year.The pandemic spurred another powerful desire, too:the stress of working from home while homeschooling the kids over Zoom means many travelers just want to take a long break. Island destinations, like Jamaica and Dominica in the Caribbean, are just the place to unwind, according to Lonely Planet. The former is high on Chambers’ personal list for 2023. “There’s just an opportunity with our kids in the summer (to) spend some more time, go immerse and have the experience of living somewhere where you can really feel changed and transformed by being part of another place.Malta – another “unwind” destination – is a lesser-known gem with the climateof Italy and the landscape of the Middle East. And in Asia, the Indonesian archipelago of Raja Ampat might be one of the last paradises left on Earth. It is loved for eco-tourism and is home to a massively successful coral restoration project. LP designated six “journey” spots, places for most travel-lovers. It’s no surprise that the central Asian kingdom of Bhutan made the cut.【参考译文】:旅行指南出版商《孤独星球》(LonelyPlanet) 连续第18年发布年度“世界最佳旅行目的地”(BestinTravel) 榜单。
CATTI三级笔译实务讲义汇总
Introductione.g. [E-C]-1-11. 他少年老成。
2. 中国现在 15岁至 55岁的女性约有3.8亿, 大多数女性, 尤其是在城市中, 都希望在经济条件许可的情况下把自己打扮得光鲜亮丽。
e.g. [C-E]-1-22. The pot calls the kettle black.e.g. [E-C]-1-3-略e.g. [E-C]-1-41. 新闻发布会上记者提出的主要是关于昨天选举结果的问题, 总统说他无法解释共和党为何遭受如此溃败,而最终失去了在众议院中长期以来的优势地位。
2. 我国经济受到重创,一部分因为贪婪和不负责任所致, 另一部分因为我们未能做出艰难抉择从而为新时代做好准备。
3. 他走出房间,穿过走廊,走下楼梯,横穿大街,到银行中去取钱。
e.g. [C-E]-1-51. It is by no means easy for a foreigner who doesn’ t speak Chinese to travel much of China alone.2. China is a country with a vast territory, a long history, beautiful natural landscapes, lots of places of interest and rich culture.3. The Chinese government values the development of tourism, and takes it as the core of thetertiary industry by exploring tourism resources, improving facilities, enhancing the quality of service.Skills✧e.g. [E-C]-2-11. 最近的情况表明,中国在控制车市、楼市等领域投资方面所作的努力正在显出成效,这在某种程度上将有助于打消人们的顾虑:即作为全球增长的重要动力源—中国经济有可能崩盘。
CATTI三级笔译综合能力讲义
第一节考试内容介绍、定语从句讲解、练习及译法第一部分考试介绍一、考试题型词汇和语法部分 50题 25分 25分钟阅读理解 50题 55分 75分钟完型填空 20题 20分 20分钟二、考试要求掌握本大纲要的英语词汇;掌握并能够正确运用双语语法;具备对常用问题英语文章的阅读理解能力。
三、笔译综合能力试题的基本类型第一部分词汇和语法部分可分为三大部分:词汇选择(Vocabulary and Grammar)1-20难度大约在四级左右;词语替代(Vocabulary Selection)21-40主要找出和划横线部分相同意思的词汇,难度在4级到6级之间;改错(Error Correction)主要有词汇和语法的两种错误。
第一部分考察的内容主要为近义词的辨析、短语介词和动词词组的搭配;语法点主要包括定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句、虚拟语气、非谓语动词等等。
在其后会分专题来讲解。
第二部分阅读理解共5篇,字数在每篇150-450字之间,绝大多数在250字左右,每篇有5到10题,不定量。
题材广泛,选题多样。
类似于四级以上难度和题型,但是和专业四级题型更加相似。
第三部分为开放性完型填空,20空,共20分。
题材广泛,选题多样。
难度和专业四级等同。
四、基本复习策略综合能力课程作为三级笔译必修的课程,主要是考察学生对于英语基本知识的了解,特别是对双语习惯的掌握,为了能够更好地为实务课程打下坚实的基础,所以希望每一位同学都不要对这门课程产生掉以轻心的念头。
根据个人经验,我个人推荐以下几个复习的策略:第一、要对大纲的词汇做到十分熟悉,这种熟悉不是简单地认识,而是要学会使用,特别是在没有字典的帮助之下可以迅速而准确地判断搭配。
第二、对于语法结构的重视,但凡是学翻译就必须要对语法结构有着深入的了解,这种了解不是简单地会划分句子成分,而是将每个句子如何组合,这将决定你实务中的句型翻译的关键。
第三,阅读能力要强。
任何考试都是得阅读者得天下,咱们的综合能力考试也不除外。
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文章一:人事部翻译考试出题规律规律1:多考社会热点内容近几年真题出现过的内容:外国人看中国文化;伦敦文化和中国春节;姚明在美国NBA;中国人和外国人对麦当劳不同的看法;新一代居民身份证;上海和上海世博会;讨论世界地球日考试根源:中西方文化交流和冲突,以及社会关注的热点话题是一名外事工作者,在中低层次的翻译工作中必然面临的工作内容,这就是以实用为原则的人事部考试出这种题材的原因。
规律2:多考大会的发言近几年真题出现过的内容:中国在世界舞台上的崛起;环境保护和自然资源;全球气候变暖;亚洲的价值与繁荣;科学、信息和社会;介绍艾滋病;英国王妃戴安娜的新闻复习建议:最早的考试可以忽略不计,戴安娜为新闻体,艾滋病过于专业,因此最近5次考试再也没有重复过这样的题型。
因此,复习时应该紧紧扣住大会英语,背记有关大会英语的词汇和高频句子。
人事部指定教材的英译汉内容基本都是大会的演讲,尤其是外国人来到中国参加各种大会的演讲,以及世界重大会议的基调发言。
规律3:多考中国政策和特色近几年真题出现过的内容:北京市新春致词;香港和香港经济;介绍秦始皇兵马俑;新加坡和新加坡经济;亚洲经济和中国经济;中英外交关系;中美外交关系复习建议:这部分的内容最为稳定,复习时抓住指定教材中大而空的汉译英内容,这毕竟是三级考试,不必在语言的细枝末节方面或所谓的"地道"方面太计较。
文章二:三级笔译考试,字典准备,成功的开始根据两年来我们几个老师在笔译班授课的经验、人事部出题专家的建议和同学们参加考试后反馈回来的意见,刚与杨军老师再次确认,参加三级笔译考试的保险字典应为:英译汉(以下两本选一本)●●译文出版社的《英汉大词典》,主编陆谷孙,老版148元,新版178元,收词20万,是目前我国最大的单本英译汉辞典,尤其录有大量人名地名等专有名词,这对于考试尤其重要。
缺点是单解,但对考试影响不大。
●●商务印书馆的《朗文当代英语大辞典》,大字本129元,小字本98元,这是英汉双解的唯一一本百科全书式的字典,单词量10万,但收有一些人名地名等专有名词,比同类字典较多。
同类双解字典基本没有人名地名的译文,个别附录少量收入。
汉译英(以下两本选一本)●●外研社出版的《新世纪汉英大词典》,收词14万,同类字典收词最多,大字本188元,小字本99元,尤其收入大量新词,正对考试胃口。
商务印书馆的《新时代汉英大词典》,收词12万,新词多,比上一本稍差,但比外研社传统的《汉英词典》好,因为有大量紧扣时代的新词汇。
>另外:考试不许带电子字典。
另外,电子字典本身对考试没有帮助,是自寻死路,上课时结合具体考题一比大家就知道了。
拿对字典,会用字典,三级笔译考试就有了成功的保证,因此这已经成为了我们这期课的一个重要内容,白给的分数坚决不丢。
坚决不用英英字典,因为翻译靠的是双语转换,要的是在最短时间内找到最明确的对应语意思。
比如sparrow,英汉字典解释为麻雀,英英字典解释为 a small brown and grey bird, common in many parts of the world.考试时候急死你,你也不知道这是麻雀的意思。
以上内容并不意味着其他大家喜闻乐见的字典(牛津、朗文、韦氏、科林斯、剑桥等)不好,只是这类英英或英汉双解字典对于笔译考试不对胃口,容易吃亏。
文章三:英文翻译&写作第一反应词替换表英文翻译&写作第一反应词替换表英文翻译&写作第一反应词替换表很多多同学经常把第一反应词翻来覆去的用,这样的后果就是:第一,写文章时用词的质量一直上不去;第二,一直缺乏对背过的单词的应用以及通过应用的语境理解和辨析。
下面,我给大家列举了我们在写作常用的那些第一反应词的替换表,旨在告诉大家,要让自己的语言表达能力书面化,多样化。
很多同学在翻译&写作的时候,往往想到某个意思,立刻脑子中想到都是例如I think, important, show, because,moreandmore等等这些词汇,这些词汇在英语教学中,我们称他们为第一反应词,所谓第一反应词,很好理解,就是每个人第一时间反应出来的这些表达。
那么,如果要写出一篇高质量的文章,除了内容,词的使用能够表现出你的英语能力,我们很多同学的阅读词汇量远远大于写作词汇量,原因很简单,大家背了很多漂亮的单词,但是却从不给他们“出镜”的机会,而是把这些第一反应词翻来覆去的用,这样的后果就是:第一,写文章时用词的质量一直上不去;第二,一直缺乏对背过的单词的应用以及通过应用的语境理解和辨析。
下面,我给大家列举了我们在写作常用的那些第一反应词的替换表,旨在告诉大家,要让自己的语言表达能力书面化,多样化。
through->in term of/viaoperate->manipulateoffspring->descendantinevitable-dispensabledetail->specificexplain->interpretobvious->conspicuoushurt->vulnerableuse->employ/utilizevalue->meritprovide->lend->offertrue->accurateleading to->contribute to/ conduce to/result inmore and more->increasing/growinghardly->merely->barelywell-known->outstandinglarge->miraculous/marvelousalthough->albeit/notwithstandingin fact->actually/virtuallywant->intend to/tend to/be inclined tobecause->in thatmay be->probablyto sum->to summarize/in conclusion…………其他:1.individuals,characters, men and women, folks替换(people ,persons)2: positive, favorable, rosy (美好的),promising (有希望的),perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding, superior替换good3:dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill (有害的)替换bad4.(an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of ,a host of, many, if not most)替换many.Eg. Many individuals, if not most, harbor the idea that….同理用most, if not all ,替换most.5: a slice of, quiet a few , several替换some6:harbor the idea that, take the attitude that,hold the view that, it is widely shared that,it is universally acknowledged that)替think7:affair ,business ,matter 替换thing8: shared 代common shared interests9.reap huge fruits 替换get many benefits10:for my part ,from my own perspective 替换in my opinion1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)14.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)15.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)'7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summit。