现代大学英语听力3原文及答案unit6
现代大学英语听力3原文及答案unit
Unit 9Task 1【原文】pere: And now for our first question. It es from Mrs. June Moore. Mrs. Moore? Mrs. Moore: Does the panel think that puters will change our lives?pere: Mrs. Moore wants to know if puters will change our lives. Philip Barnes? Philip Barnes: puters have already changed our lives. Business is more efficient. Planes and trains provide a better service...Miss Anderson: Just a moment, Mr. Barnes. You may be right about business, but how many people have lost their jobs because of puters? puters havechanged our lives, but I don't want my life changed.Arthur Haines: Excuse me, Miss Anderson. We're talking about our lives, not your life.The puter will affect everyone in the world. Records can be kept ofeverything we do. Records will be kept of all our private lives. In myopinion, the puter is the greatest disaster of the 20th century.Phyllis Archer: Could I interrupt? Arthur Haines says the puter is a disaster, but the puter is a machine. It was invented by people; it is used by people. Ifthe puter is a disaster, then people are a disaster.pere: Thank you, Phyllis Archer. Thank you, panel. And thank you, Mrs. Moore.Task 2【答案】A.1) It includes a 9-inch TV screen, a keyboard with 46 numbers and characters on it, a printer, and two disk drives.2) It's all contained right on the floppy disk.3) It’s much better than a typewriter in that one can move words or sentences from place to place or make corrections or changes right on the screen, and never have to erase on paper.4) It can help him make a monthly budget for his household with electronic spreadsheet software.B.1) loads your program into the machine2) typewriter, typewriter,3) turning the puter on and loading a program4) the different things the program can do【原文】Narrator: For Harvey Van Runkle, it was love at first sight, or should we say, love at first byte? Really, it is 64,000 bytes—that's the size of the memory on hisnew BANANA-3 personal puter. It all happened by accident. His wife,Charlotte, had sent him out to buy a new toaster, when he found himselfstanding in front of a puter display at the BANANA puter Store. Salesman: Yes, ladies and gentlemen, this little puter is going to change your lives. Just consider the hardware: You have a 9-inch TV screen. That’s your videodisplay terminal. You have a keyboard with 46 numbers and characters on it.You have a printer that will give you paper printouts of your work in threecolors. You have two disk drives—one inside the puter terminal and oneoutside. This puter can do anything! Now let’s have a little demonstration.Who would like to try the new BANANA-3 puter? You, sir. You lookinterested. Step right up and try the BANANA-3.Harvey: What's a d-disk drive?Salesman: That's the part of the puter that loads your program into the machine. Harvey: Oh. What's a program?Salesman: The program? That's your software. That's the instructions. It's all contained right on this floppy disk here. The instructions on this disk tell the puterwhat to do.Harvey: Oh, you mean like my wife. She always tells me what to do.Salesman: Exactly. Now what type of program would you like? I have word processing,I have electronic spreadsheet...Harvey: What's word processing?Salesman: Word processing is using the puter like a typewriter. But it's much betterthan a typewriter. You can move words or sentences from place to place ormake corrections or changes right on the screen. You never have to eraseon paper. It's a wonderful little program! Would you like to try it, Mr... Harvey: Van Runkle. Harvey Van Runkle. I've never used a puter before... Salesman: It's easy. First we start up the machine, and then boot up a program. Harvey: Boot up?Salesman: That's puter talk for turning the puter on and loading a program. There. Now we look at the menu.Harvey: Menu? But I just had lunch. I'm not hungry.Salesman: No, no. This is a program menu, not a restaurant menu. It shows the different things the program can do. For example, here we have "file". If youselect file, you can choose which of your documents you want to work on.And here’s “edit”. This gives you ways to correct your document. Harvey: Gee, this is great! There's only one problem.Salesman: What's that?Harvey: I don't have any documents. I'm a plumber.Salesman: But you have bills, don't you?Harvey: Yeah, but...Salesman: Well, with our electronic spreadsheet software, you can make a monthly budget for your household.Harvey: No. My wife, Charlotte, does that.Salesman: Well, now you can do it, Harvey.Harvey: I don't know...Salesman: And you have friends, don't you?Harvey: Yeah, well there's my brother-in-law Bob...Salesman: Great! You can write letters to Bob on your new BANANA-3 puter!Harvey: Okay. How much is it?Salesman: Never mind. Do you have a credit card?Harvey: Well, sure...Salesman: Great. Joe, get Harvey here signed up, will you? He wants a BANANA-3 witha printer and software. Okay, step right up, ladies and gentlemen. This putercan do anything!Task 3【答案】A.1) They are important because they are able to measure quantities such as electricity and temperature.2) Digital puters.3) Only one person at a time can use them.4) It is because their owners do not spend enough time learning how to operate them efficiently.5) Each person who uses a miniputer has a puter terminal that is connected to the miniputer by interface wires. With the help of the operating system, the CPU is able to divide its time and perform for all the users.B.There are two primary kinds of puters: analog puters and digital puters. Unless you are a scientist, you probably will not use analog puters. These puters are important because they are able to measure quantities such as electricity and temperature.In contrast, digital puters perform their tasks by counting. Some digital puters are built to help solve only a specific kind of problem. For example, digital puters that monitor airplanes flying in and out of airports are built only for that task. Most digital puters, though, can be used to help solve many kinds of problems. Among them, microputers and miniputers are two kinds of mon digital puters.Microputers, also called personal puters, are the newest puters. Many are about the size of a very small television set. Some, however, are so small and light that people can carry them easily on business trips. Because puter manufacturers produce an enormous amount of puter hardware, it is possible for anyone to own and use a microputer. Therefore, we now see these machines in many homes, schools, and businesses. There is one disadvantage to these puters, though. Only one person at a time can use them. Also, many people who buy microputers do not understand what these machines can and cannot do. Some experts say that almost half of all micro-puters are not used often because their owners do not spend enough time learning how to operate them efficiently.Like microputers, miniputers are used in small businesses. However, they are larger than microputers and are used more frequently in large offices and businesses than in small businesses. Another difference is that more than one person can use a miniputer at the same time. We call this time-sharing. Some miniputers can have more than a hundred people time-sharing them. Each person who uses a miniputer has aputer terminal that is connected to the miniputer by interface wires. But even though more than one person can use a miniputer, the puter has only one CPU. With the help of the operating system, the CPU is able to divide its time and perform for all the users.Task 4【答案】A.1) It wasn't the typical low mechanical voice that sounded like a record being played attoo slow a speed. It sounded natural. It had charm to it.2) Lupa had once heard that even a sophisticated analog puter couldn't pick up certain subtleties in the English language, no matter how good the programming is.3) When Lupa stood up and walked around the room, it was evident to her that somewhere in the building, listening through an inter was someone with a microphone.B.1) They're running a contest. The kids are supposed to name me. I'm dreading the whole thing, believe me.2) You know something; I thought you'd be different. Just once today I was hoping I'd get someone who wouldn't try to beat the program.3) You wouldn't happen to know what day of the week September the fourteenth, 1321, fell on, would you?It was a Sunday; but how do you know whether I'm right? Thank you for visiting the puter exhibit.【原文】Lupa laughed. She liked the voice that had been selected for the puter. It wasn't the typical low mechanical voice that sounded like a record being played at too slow a speed. It sounded natural. It had charm to it."Do you have a name?" Lupa asked."Not yet," the puter answered. "They're running a contest. The kids are supposed to name me. I'm dreading the whole thing, believe me."Now Lupa thought this was clever, the way they had programmed the puter. She wondered if there was some way to screw up the program. She had once heard that even a sophisticated analog puter couldn't pick up certain subtleties in the English language, no matter how good the programming is, so she decided to give it a try."My paws give me pause," she said.The puter was silent."My paws give me pause," Lupa repeated. "It's a clause without claws."Lupa waited in silence for a response."You know something," the puter said. "I thought you'd be different. Just oncetoday I was hoping I'd get someone who wouldn't try to beat the program."Lupa smiled. "This was marvelous," she thought to herself. "They'd thought of everything.""Sorry," she said. "Mi dispiace.""Ah, you speak Italian," the puter said with some sarcasm."Qui, d'accord," Lupa answered. "C'est vrai.""And French, too. Your French is better than your Italian. Though neither one is great. Now, if you'll excuse me, I have to shut down. It's closing time."Lupa stood up and walked around the room. It was evident to her that somewhere in the building, listening through an inter was someone with a microphone. She thought about how to test for this."You wouldn't happen to know what day of the week September the fourteenth, 1321, fell on, would you?" Lupa asked."It was a Sunday," the puter answered, "but how do you know whether I'm right? Thank you for visiting the puter exhibit."Task 5【答案】A.1) b) 2) c)B.1) F 2) F 3) F 4) THello. I think we can begin now if you're ready. Um, today I want to talk to you about puters, about the impact of puters on how we talk, on the ways we talk. Now of course we all know that puters have changed our lives in many ways. Stop and think for a minute about how we use puters in our everyday life. It's hard to think of anything we do that hasn't been changed by puters. For example, puters allow us to get money directly from our bank accounts at cash machines. At hospitals, puters help doctors understand what is wrong with patients. We can use puters to help us decide which color to paint our houses, which hair styles to have, or which dresses or suits would look good on us--lots of professional and personal uses. puters are simply a part ofour lives, and, I think it is safe to say, they will continue to be. What I'd like to look at today is how the use of puters has had an impact on our language--how puters have changed the expressions we say, the words we use.First, let me give you some examples. These are examples from English that I'd like you to think about. The first example is this. Someone at an office says, "We'd like to have the project online by next Monday." In puter talk "online" means started or working. So this statement means that we'd like to have the project started and going by next Monday.The second example is from a discussion or seminar. Someone might say, "Let's take this discussion offline until tomorrow." To take a puter "offline" means to disconnect it or take it out of the system. What do you think it means to take a discussion offline? To take a discussion "offline" means to stop talking about it. This example means "let's stop discussing this now and talk about it tomorrow."The third example is: "I'll try to interface my plans with yours." To "interface", in puter talk, means to do something so that different puter parts or software can work together. So "I'll try to interface my plans with yours" means that "I'll try to change my plans to fit with yours." People still say, of course, "I'll try to change my plans to fit with yours." But now we might also start to hear people say, "I'll try to interface my plans with yours," or "Let's see if we can interface our schedules so that we can meet next week."Let’s try one more example. Our fourth example might take place at home. Someone says,” I just can’t access where I left my car keys.” In puter talk to “access”something means to make information available. If I can’t access where I left my keys, I don’t have this information available for me to use. What would be another way to say this? Of course, we could also say, “I can’t remember where I put my keys.”Task 6【答案】1) Cyber ethics.2) It will focus on teaching educators how to teach their students cyber ethics.3) Because it’s not done verbally so that people can overhear it; they think it’s anonymous on the Internet.4) She was a former principal and an adjunct professor at Marymount University,teaching curriculum development and technology in the classroom.5) Young puter users do not see hacking, threats, cyber talking, Intellectual Property Rights violations and virus distribution as crimes.6) She said that it is something that needs to be instructed as routine curriculum, and student should know that these behaviors are as unacceptable in cyberspace as in thephysical realm.【原文】Although schools are doing a better job at teaching children how to use the Internet, they are not addressing cyber ethics. "Cyber Ethics: Teaching Responsible Use of Technology" will focus on teaching educators how to teach their students cyber ethics. When typical crimes are mitted on the Internet, students do not see them as a crime, said Cherie Geide, the conference director."They don't see anything wrong with it because they see it as a prank. It's more unacceptable to do it verbally where people can overhear it. They think it's anonymous on the Internet," said Geide, a former principal and an adjunct professor at Marymount University, teaching curriculum development and technology in the classroom.Geide said young puter users do not see hacking, threats, cyber talking, Intellectual Property Rights violations, such as in software or music, and virus distribution as crimes."This is something that needs to be instructed as routine curriculum," she said, "that this behavior is as unacceptable in cyberspace as in the physical realm.Task 7【答案】A.1) It's Microsoft's SANTA that the kids can't resist; it's the ultimate software with atraditional twist—remended by no less than the jolly old elf, and on the package, a picture of Santa himself.2) Father did last-minute Internet shopping; Mum and I had just settled down for a long winter’s nap.B.1) not a creature was stirring, except father's mouse. The puter was humming; the icons were hopping2) were hung next to the modem with care in the hope that Santa would bring new software3) were nestled all snug in their beds, with visions of puter games filling their leads4) now had been re-routed to Washington State where Santa's workshop had been moved by Bill Gates5) now finds he's a new billionaire; with a shiny red Porsche in place of his sleigh, and a house on Lake Washington just down the way from where Bill has his mansion; preens in black Gucci boots and red Calvin Klein jeans6) no more dolls or tin soldiers or little toy drams, only pact disk ROMs with the Microsoft label7) a new Christmas star, owned by the Microsoft guy8) turned on with a Jingle-Bells sound, as I sprang from my bed and was turningaround9) a smiling Bill Gates next to jolly old Santa, two arm-in-arm matesexclaim in voices so bright, have a Microsoft Christmas, and to all a good night【原文】It was the night before Christmas, and all through the house not a creature was stirring, except father's mouse. The puter was humming; the icons were hopping, as father did last-minute Internet shopping.The stockings were hung next to the modem with care in the hope that Santa would bring new software. The children were nestled all snug in their beds, with visions of puter games filling their leads.The letters to Santa had been sent out by Mum, to santatoyshop.northpole., which now had been re-routed to Washington State where Santa's workshop had been moved by Bill Gates. All the elves and the reindeer had had to skedaddle to flashy new quarters in suburban Seattle.Alter living a life that was simple and spare, Santa now finds he's a new billionaire; with a shiny red Porsche in place of his sleigh, and a house on Lake Washington just down the way from where Bill has his mansion. The old fellow preens in black Gucci boots and red Calvin Klein jeans.No more dolls or tin soldiers or little toy drams will be under the tree, only pact disk ROMs with the Microsoft label. So spin up your drive from now on, Christmas runs only on Windows 95.It's Microsoft's SANTA that the kids can't resist; it's the ultimate software with a traditional twist—remended by no less than the jolly old elf, and on the package, a picture of Santa himself."Get 'em young, keep 'em long" is Microsoft's theme; and a merger with Santa is a marketer's dream. "To the top of the NASDAQ! To the top of the Dow! Now dash away! Dash away! Dash away—wow!"And Mum in her handkerchief and me in my cap, had just settled down for a long winter's nap. When out on the lawn there arose such a clatter, the whirr and the hum of our satellite platter. As it turned toward that new Christmas star in the sky, the SANTALITE owned by the Microsoft guy. As I sprang from my bed and was turning around, my puter turned on with a Jingle-Bells sound.And there on the screen was a smiling Bill Gates next to jolly old Santa, two arm-in-arm mates. And I heard them exclaim in voices so bright, have a Microsoft Christmas, and to all a good night!Task 8【答案】A.1) You would need a puter because of its "memory" and speed; a puter can consider more factors than a person can.2) The reservation clerk uses a machine to record information about where you want togo and the flight number of the plane that will take you to your destination.3) The puter not only determines what seats are available at what prices, but it also prints the tickets at the same time.B.1) there is a limit to the number of considerations the human mind can2) analyzing this factor in relation to information about the business that has already been programmed3) in which puters are being4) whether or not there is space for youC. See the last paragraph but one in the script.【原文】Suppose you are a manufacturer of bicycles. You are trying to decide whether or not to build a larger factory or to buy more machines. You could just say to yourself, "Business has been good. We've sold a lot of bicycles recently, so I think we ought to expand our plant."Or you could consider such questions as the following: How much would the changes cost? Can the bicycle-riding population be expected to increase or decrease? Many such questions would have to be answered, but there is a limit to the number of considerations the human mind can take into account.In a situation like this, you would need a puter. Because of its "memory" and speed, a puter can consider more factors than a person can. Does the bicycle manufacturer wonder how the weather will affect bicycle sales? The puter can tell him by analyzing this factor in relation to information about the business that has already been programmed into the puter.This is just one of many situations in which puters are being used today. This new servant of man is only about twenty-five years old, but it has already changed the lives of more than 200 million Americans. Wherever the citizen turns, he finds a puter working.puters are used when one reserves space on an airplane. Walk into any airline office. Before selling you a ticket, the reservation clerk uses a machine that looks like a typewriter to record information about where you want to go and the flight number of the plane that will take you to your destination. This information is sent instantly to a central puter that may be many kilometers away from the airline office. Within seconds, the puter informs the clerk whether or not there is space for you on that plane.Such reservation systems are now in increasing use. They are also employed by hotels, by -panics that rent cars, and by offices that sell tickets to theaters and sports events. The puter not only determines what seats are available at what prices, but it also prints thetickets at the same time.When puters are used in the way just described, some part of the system can actually be seen. Usually what one sees is a machine that looks like a typewriter; it is called a puter terminal. But puters are also used in unseen ways. For example, they determine how much time there should be between traffic signals to prevent traffic problems and to keep millions of cars moving in an orderly flow. When you buy an automobile, a factory process that is controlled by a puter enables you to obtain a car with your own choice of colours and special features in just a few weeks' time. In medical laboratories, puters have reduced the errors in testing, and they have saved doctors countless hours of work. Before long, medical histories of all Americans will be kept in puter "banks". If a person bees ill far from his home, local doctors will be able to get his medical record immediately. In science, the puter has performed in minutes experiments which would have required thousands of hours of work by human hands and minds.The United States is not the only country affected by the "puter revolution". All the major countries of the world have puters, and the developing countries are increasingly aware that puters play a big part in their economic advancement.Task 9【答案】A. 1) a) 2) b) 3) c)B. 1) T 2) F 3) FC.1) potential criminals: puter crime2) using less obvious and less easily remembered passwords that allow access to3) limit the user's access to information as well as the operations the userD.Courts are being tougher and puter security is improving. puter security is getting more sophisticated. For example, less obvious passwords are being used, and access-control software and "dial back" systems have been developed. Scrambling devices and audit trails are also available.【原文】Let's talk a little now about what is being done to stop puter crime. First, the courts are getting much tougher on hackers. They are punishing puter criminals more severely. They are trying to send a strong message to potential criminals: puter crime is serious. If you're caught doing it, you'll be punished. This is seen as a way of preventing hacking.puter security is getting more sophisticated. It's being improved by using less obvious and less easily remembered passwords that allow access to systems. These passwords should be given to the minimum number of people.Access-control software is being more mon. This software limits the user's access toinformation as well as the operations the user can perform. So, for example, access control software might only let users read certain files or programs, but not let them input data, and may keep them out of other files entirely.Then there are "dial back" systems that ask the user or caller for a password. The system then checks the password in a directory and calls the user back at his or her telephone number. This stops hackers who are calling from another number from gaining access to the system.Scrambling devices are also being developed by puter engineers. These devices scramble messages so that hackers can't understand them. Data can be unscrambled and used only if the scrambling key is known by the user. Scrambling is a very effective way of protecting information.Audit trail software is also now available. Audit trails monitor the use of a puter and alert owners to any attempt to enter their puter system. It is usually possible to identify any user who gained access to the system and when the access occurred, making it possible to trace the hacker.Well, those are some of the major things that are happening at the present time in order to decrease puter crime. None of them is pletely satisfactory, but together they are certainly helping. These changes, as well as the improvements that are certain to e, should influence people to stop hacking by making it less profitable and more risky.Task 10【原文】"The astronauts are returning to earth at exactly 5:24. Splashdown will be in the Pacific, 427ciles west of Hawaii."You have often heard announcements like this on television. Scientists can tell us exactly when pace-capsule will arrive on the moon, for instance, and exactly when it will return. They can calculate things like this to the nearest second. How do they do it? Well, of course, they use mathematics. We can all do simple sums on paper, but we must use puters for extremely difficult calculations. Perhaps you have seen mechanical calculating machines in banks and offices. puters aren't mechanical. They don't have wheels and gears in them. Instead, they work on electrical circuits and can do difficult calculations at tremendous speed. They can work 100 million times faster than the human mind!。
听力教程第三册答案UNIT6
UNIT 6Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Spot DictationWind and SpiritWe do notice the wind when it seems (1) cruel, when the trees turn away from it, and it (2) cuts into our hearts. "Certain winds will make men's (3) temper bad", said George Eliot. In Southern California, the Santa Ana is (4) associated with an increase in depression and domestic (5) violence.Scientists have tried (6) without success to identify physiological reasons for these (7) reactions.Everyone agrees, however, that (8) dry winds like the Santa Ana, the mistral in France and the foehn* in Germany and Switzerland seem to have (9) negative effects on our mental and physical (10) negative effects.On windy days, playground fights, (11) suicides and heart failures are more (12) frequent. In Geneva, traffic accidents (13) increase when a wind called the bise* blows. At the (14) request of patients, some Swiss and German hospitals (15) postpone surgery during the foehn.It is human to ask what is (16) behind the wind. lt is easy to personify thewind as the (17) breath of God. The act of taking wind into our lungs is what (18) gives us life. The Jews, Arabs, Romans and Greeks all took their word for (19) spirit from the word for wind.But our day-to-day lives are no longer (20 spirit the winds. We do not identify wind with spirit anymore.Part 2 Listening for GistA cat got on to a Scandinavian Airlines plane in Nairobi yesterday and cost the company about £10,000. One of the 66 passengers heard a strange "miaow" when the plane landed in Copenhagen. Mechanics arrived immediately and the airline company phoned for an animal ambulance. The mechanics found the cat after eight hours' work. It had got into the air-conditioning system in Nairobi. The plane was twelve hours late leaving for Tokyo, costing the company £10,000. The cat was quite well after its experience and was given a large bowl of milk and a plate of fish.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and find its topic sentence.The topic sentence is "A cat got on to a Scandinavian Airlines plane in Nairobi yesterday and cost the company about £10.000."Section TwoListening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueWhat a Coincidence!Storyteller: Talking of coincidences, did I tell you about what happened to me and Jeannie last holiday?Friend(s):No.Storyteller: We went on holiday in the States and we went to Mexico. Well, we were driving down to Mexico City. We were going to spend a few days in Palm Beach ... see the sea, look up an old friend, you know. As we left there we stopped at a garage for a car check ... oil, the water, the tires, all that ... petrol. And the mechanics spotted something. They said that our fuel pump was not working properly and it was quite serious ... it would cost a lot of money ... well, we were very worried.Friend(s): Were you insured?Storyteller: Well, no, we weren't and I didn't have that much money on me, you know. It was meant to be a cheap holiday. Well, just then, two men drove up and they said what's the problem? And, do you know? They were mechanics - it was such good luck. They looked at our car and they said, "There's nothing wrong with your car. Don't spend money on it. Just forget about it." Well, naturally, we were worried, but ... er, I thought ... I'll trust them, I think they're right. So, we drove on, we crossed the Mexican border and had a marvelous few dayssightseeing there round Monterey.Friend(s):Oh, oh, brilliant ... jealous ...Storyteller: And then we went on and on to Mexico City. We drove about forty kilometers and then we saw a car with the same US number plates as the other car we'd seen in Palm Beach.Friend(s): You're joking!Storyteller: It was parked by the road, and the same two men who gave us the advice about our car were stuck with their car.Friend(s): Oh, no!Storyteller: So, we stopped and asked them what was wrong. And do you know? Their car had broken down for exactly the same reason: The fuel pump wasn't working! It was quite extraordinary .ExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)l.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.FPart 2 PassageCorporate Culture1.How well the employee "fits" the culture can make the difference betweenjob-search success and failure.2.It guides how employees think, act, and feel.3.The amount of time outside the office you're expected to spend with co-workers is part of the corporate culture.4.The truth is that you will never really know the corporate culture until you have worked at the company for a number of months.5.It should be a place where you can have a voice, be respected, and have opportunities for growth.Why should jobseekers care about a potential employer's corporate culture? Aren't there more important factors to consider, such as the job itself, salary and bonuses, and fringe benefits? These factors are indeed important, but increasingly career experts are talking about the importance of employee-employer fit in terms of culture, with the idea that how well the employee "fits" the culture can make the difference between job-search success and failure.What is corporate culture? At its most basic, it's described as the personality of an organization, or simply as "how things are done around here". It guides how employees think, act, and feel. Corporate culture is a broad term used to define the unique personality or character of a particular company or organization, and includes such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate ethics, and rules of behavior. Corporate culture can be expressed in the company's mission statement and other communications, in the architecturalstyle or interior decoration(室内装饰) of offices, by what people wear to work, by how people address each other, and in the titles given to various employees.How does a company's culture affect you? In many, many ways. Forinstance:•The hours you work per day, per week, including options such as flextime and telecommuting.•The work environment, including how employees interact, the degree of competition, and whether it's a fun or hostile environment - or something in-between.•The dress code, including the accepted styles of attire* and things such as casual days.•The office space you get, including things such as cubicles*, window offices, and rules regarding display of personal items.•The training and skills development you receive, which you need both on the job and tokeep yourself marketable for future jobs and employers.•Onsite perks, such as break rooms, gyms and play rooms, daycare facilities, and more.perk=perquisite n. 特殊待遇，特权；工资外收入•The amount of time outside the office you're expected to spend withco-workers.• Interaction with other employees, including managers and topmanagement.How do you uncover the corporate culture of a potential employer? The truth is that you will never really know the corporate culture until you have worked at the company for a number of months, but you can get close to it through research and observation. Understanding culture is a two-step process, starting with research before the interview and ending with observation at the interview.If you get a chance to meet with other employees, you can ask somequestions to try and geta handle on an organization's corporate culture. Such as:•What's it really like to work here?•What skills and characteristics does the company value?•How do people get promoted around here?•The bottom line is that you are going to spend a lot of time in the work environment ---and to be happy ,successful and productive, you’ll want tobe in a place where you fit the culture ,a place where you can have avoice ,be respect and have opportunity for growth .Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionMany articles and books have been written in recent years about culture in organizations, usually referred to as "Corporate Culture". The dictionary defines culture as "the act of developing intellectual and moral faculties, especially through education". Some people define it as "the moral, social, and behavioral norms of an organization based on the beliefs, attitudes, and priorities of its members".Every organization has its own unique culture or value set. Most organizations don't consciously try to create a certain culture. The culture of the organization is typically created unconsciously, based on the values of the top management or the founders of an organization.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three timesExercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and complete the following paragraphs At its most basic, corporate culture is described as the personality of anorganization. It guides how employees think, act, and feel. Corporate culture is a broad term used to define the unique personality or character of a particular company or organization, and includes such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate ethics, and rules of behavior. Corporate culture can also be expressedin the company's mission statement and other communications, in the architectural style or interior decoration of offices, by what people wear to work,by how people address each other, and in the titles given to various employees.A company's culture affects you in many ways, such as the working hours,the work environment, the dress code, the office space you get, the training andskills development you receive, onsite perks, the amount of time outside theoffice you're expected to spend with co-workers and interaction with other employees, including managers and top management.Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.The truth is that you will never really know the corporate culture until youhave worked at the company for a number of months, but you can get close to it through research and observation. / Understanding culture is a two-step process, starting with research beforethe interview and ending with observation at the interview.If you get a chance to meet with other employees, you can ask some questions to try and get a handle on an organization's corporate culture. Such as:What's it really like to work here? What skills and characteristics does the company value? How do people get promoted around here?2.(Open)Section ThreeNewsNews Item 1On his way home from his first official visit to the United States, Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari stopped in London for two days of discussions.His first meeting was with British Prime Minister Gordon Brown at his official residence.At a joint news conference, Mr. Brown praised the current Pakistani army offensive against Taliban targets in the Swat valley.Because of this, Mr. Brown said Britain is pledging $18 million worth of additional humanitarian aid in the form of food, water, shelter and sanitation that will directed at those being displaced in the northwest.In addition to the aid, the prime minister said he expects much more cooperation between Britain and Pakistan over a wide range of issues.Mr. Brown said helping the effort to tackle terrorism in Pakistan and improving health and education there were important priorities for his government.Mr. Zardari said the fight against extremists in particular is a struggle that will not be solved overnight.Islamabad says 15,000 security troops have moved into the tribal areas. A．anti-Taliban campaign that British and Pakistani leaders discussed B． 1. He stopped in London for two days of discussions.2. British Prime Minister Gordon Brown3. He praised the current Pakistani army offensive against Taliban targets in the Swat valley.4. It included food, water, shelter and sanitation that will directed at those being displaced in the northwest.5. He said he expects much more cooperation between Britain and Pakistan over a wide range of issues.6. Helping the effort to tackle terrorism in Pakistan and improving health and education there were important priorities for his government.7. 15,000 security troops have moved into the tribal areas.News Item 2Israel-PalestinePalestinian witnesses and security sources said some 30 tanks and armored personnel carriers drove into the Tulkarem refugee camp around 3 a.m. The army did not say whether the gunman responsible for the attack on the kibbutz* was among those detained.The Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades of Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat's Fatah movement claimed responsibility for the killings. Mr Arafat says he has formed a committee to investigate the attack on the kibbutz.In Tuesday's action, the Israeli military also demolished the home of a Palestinian militant (Mohammed Naifan) they say is responsible for sending the gunman into Kibbutz Metzer.Israeli officials say the gunman came from Tulkarem but that he was following orders of AIAqsa leaders in Nablus. By midday Tuesday Palestinian witnesses were reporting that Israeli troops were gathering outside the West Bank town.Israeli authorities say Palestinian militants from Fatah and Hamas in Nablus are behind a series of attacks against Israelis over the past few months.The latest violence comes as US envoy* David Satterfield begins a visit to the region to work on a peace plan. He arrived in Israel Monday for separate talks with Israeli and Palestinian officials.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about Israel's response to Palestinian gunman's attack on the kibbutz.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.Palestinian witnesses and security sources said some 30 tanks and armored personnel carriers drove into the Tulkarem refugee camp around 3 a.m. The army did not say whether the gunman responsible for the attack on the kibbutz was among those detained.In Tuesday's action, the Israeli military also demolished the home of a Palestinian militant (Mohammed Naifan) they say is responsible for sending the gunman into Kibbutz Metzer.The latest violence comes as US envoy David Satterfield begins a visit to the region to work on a peace plan. He arrived in Israel Monday for separate talks with Israeli and Palestinian officials.News Item 3Officials say there are no easy, quick or purely military solutions to the Somali piracy problem. But the top U.S. military officer, Admiral Mike Mullen, told ABC's Good Morning America television program Tuesday the taking and rescue of the American cargo ship captain led him to order a new effort to find ways to effectively deal with the pirates. Admiral Mullen and Defense Secretary Robert Gates say there is no purely militarysolution to the Somali piracy problem. Piracy continues to rise, even as navy ships from 16 nations patrol the area. And Gates said Monday that the problem is "probably going to get worse" until the international community can, in his words, "get something on land that begins to change the equation" for the "incredible number of poor people" in Somalia, some of whom turn to piracy.Efforts by some ship owners to secure their ships have had some success. They have installed barbed wire, removed ladders and changed their routes, among other steps. But there has been resistance to proposals to put armed guards on commercial ships. Corporations have paid tens of millions of dollars for the safe return of ships and their crews in the area in recent years. Last year, there were 111 piracy incidents in the region, triple the number the previous year. And this year, there have already been nearly 70 incidents.A. the US looking for new approaches to Somali piracyB.F, T ,F ,T ,FSection FourSupplementary ExercisePart1 Feature ReportIranian government TV says that the country's new nuclear energy chief, Ali Akbar Salehi is urging the West to end hostilities with Tehran and to start building trust."Legal and technical discussions about Iran's nuclear case have finished," he insists, "and there is no room left to keep this case open.""We hope," he added, "that more efforts will be made [by the West] to obtain mutual confidence, instead of the last six years of hostility."They were Salehi's first comments to the media, since being appointed by President Mahmoud Ahmedinejad, Friday, following the resignation of veteran nuclear negotiator Gholam Reza Aghazadeh.The soft-spoken Salehi was educated at the American University of Beirut and holds a doctorate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Salehi is Iran's former envoy to the International Atomic Energy Agency and signed a protocol allowing for freer inspections of Iran's nuclear sites. His appointment appears to be something of a gesture to the U.S.Neither the U.S., nor the other members of the so-called Group of five-plus-one, including the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, plus Germany, however, are likely to agree with Salehi about the closure of Tehran's nuclear file.U.S. President Barack Obama warned Tehran, during the G-8 summit in Italy, that the world is giving it until September to comply with U.N. resolutions over its controversial nuclear program.Iran has persistently refused to stop enriching uranium, and the West fears that it will use highly enriched uranium to build atomic weapons.The Iranian government, however, continues to insist that its nuclear program is intended for peaceful, civilian purposes, alone.Iran analyst Meir Javedanfar of the MEEPAS (Middle East Economic and Political Analysis) center in Tel Aviv argues that Tehran is hardening its position over its nuclear dossier, in response to Western criticism over its violent crackdown against its own people following the June 12 presidential elections."I think Ayatollah Khamenei is sending the message that the more we are pushed on other fronts, the more we're going to adjust the balance in our favor, and one area is the nuclear program, because Khamenei knows how important the nuclear program is to the West, especially to President Obama," he said."So, I think this is kind of a backlash against what Iran sees as Western interference in its own affairs. I also think that the Iranian government still sees the West as divided and there's not much the West can do at the moment to stop Iran's nuclear program, so they're toughening their policy and they want to see what the reaction will be, if the reaction is going to be hard or if the West is going to come up with an even [better] offer," he added.Javedanfar, however, believes that those who are seeking a compromise with Iran should not despair completely, because Iranian leaders are pragmatists, and may at the end of the day be ready for an agreement.Iranian Foreign Minister Manuchehr Motaki said one week ago that Tehran was preparing to present a "new package" of proposals, concerning what he called "international, security and political issues," to the West for talks.Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has also warned the West that Tehran would weigh their criticism over its crackdown on protesters following the June 12 election, in assessing future relations with their countries. A．This news report is about Salehi’s and the Iranian government’s attitude towards nuclear case.B: Directions: Listen to the program again and complete the followin g sentences.Iranian Nuclear energy ChiefName: Ali Akbar SalehiEducation:Salehi was educated at the American university of Beirut and holds a doctorate from the Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyPrevious positionSalehi is Iran’s former envoy to the international Atomic Energy Agency.His comments on Iranian nuclear programLegal and technical discussions about Iran's nuclear case have finishe d. And there is no room left to keep this case open.We hope that more efforts will be made [by the West] to obtain mutu al confidence, instead of the last six years of hostility.1. The so-called Group of five-plus-one are not likely to agree with Sa lehi about the closure of Tehran’s nuclear file.2. U.S. president Barak Obama warned Tehran that the world is givi ng it untilSeptember to comply with U.N. resolutions over its controversial nucl ear program during the G-8 summit in Italy.3. Iranian Foreign Minister Manuchehr Motaki said one week ago th at Tehran was preparing to present a "new package" of proposals, co ncerning what he called "international, security and political issues," to the West for talksPart 2 PassageGlobalization1)The World Trade Organization is among the most powerful, and one of themost secretive international bodies on earth.2)Globalization is not a phenomenon. It is not just some passing trend.3)Used properly, fire can cook food, sterilize equipment, form iron, and heatour homes. Used carelessly, it can destroy lives, towns and forests in aninstant.4)Globalization has dangers and an ugly dark side. But it can also bringtremendous opportunities and benefits.5)They will see globalization not as something to worship or demonize. Instead,they will see it as something to mold, shape and manage for the betterment of everyone.Globalization is the present worldwide drive toward a globalized economic system dominated by supranational* corporate trade and banking institutions that are not accountable to democratic processes or national governments.The World Trade Organization (WTO) is among the most powerful, and one of the most secretive international bodies on earth. It is rapidly assuming the role of global government, as 134 nation-states, including the US, have ceded* to its vast authority and powers. The WTO represents the rules-based regime of the policy of economic globalization. The central operating principle of the WTO is that commercial interests should supersede* all others. Any obstacles in the path of operations and expansion of global business enterprise must be subordinated. In practice these "obstacles" are usually policies or democratic processes that act on behalf of working people, labor rights, environmental protection, human rights, consumer rights, social justice, local culture, and national sovereignty.Globalization is not a phenomenon. It is not just some passing trend. Today it is an overarching international system shaping the domestic politics and foreign relations of virtually every country, and we need to understand it as such.As thoughtful people concerned about world affairs, our job is to pick up "globalization", examine it from all sides, dissect* it, figure out what makes it tick, and then nurture and promote the good parts and mitigate* or slow down the bad parts. Globalization is much like fire.Fire itself is neither good nor bad. Used properly, it can cook food, sterilize equipment, form iron, and heat our homes. Used carelessly, fire can destroy lives, towns and forests in an instant. As Friedman* says:"Globalization can be incredibly empowering and incredibly coercive*. It can democratize opportunity and democratize panic. It makes the whales bigger and the minnows* stronger. It leaves you behind faster and faster, and it catches up to you faster and faster. While it is homogenizing* cultures, it is also enabling people to share their unique individuality farther and wider."Globalization has dangers and an ugly dark side. But it can also bring tremendous opportunities and benefits. Just as capitalism requires a network of governing systems to keep it from devouring societies, globalization requires vigilance and the rule of law.Antitrust laws, the Securities and Exchange Commission, labor unions, charities, the Federal Trade Commission, and countless other agencies and organizations keep American capitalism in check. Similar transparent mechanisms are needed to make sure globalization is a positive force in the world.Globalization will always have cheerleaders who are blind to the destructionglobalization can cause. And it will always have strident* opponents blind to the way globalization gives some people their first opportunity to fulfill basic aspirations.As with most issues, the majority of people will be in the middle. They will see globalization not as something to worship or demonize. Instead, they will see it as something to mold, shape and manage for the betterment of everyone.Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1. Milton Friedman says, "Globalization can be incredibly empowering and incredibly coercive. It can democratize opportunity and democratize panic. It makes the whales bigger and the minnows stronger. It leaves you behind faster and faster, and it catches up to you faster and faster. While it is homogenizing cultures, it is also enabling people to share their unique individuality farther and wider."2.(Open)。
现代大学英语3 Unit 6 Drugs
heroine
大麻
杜冷丁（Dolantin)
2. Do you know on which aspect that drugs have effects on people?
up a race of Zombies(para.4) D. A consequence of prohibition: making people want it more(para.5) E. The negative effects of the Prohibition(paras.6-7) F. The consequences of a slight reduction in the supply of marijuana(para.8)
How do drugs work?
Drugs are chemicals or substances that change the way our bodies work. When you put them into your body, drugs find their way into your bloodstream and are transported to parts of your body, such as your brain. In the brain, drugs may either intensify or dull your senses, alter your sense of alertness, and sometimes decrease physical pain.
听力教程第三册答案UNIT6(供参考)
UNIT 6Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Spot DictationWind and SpiritWe do notice the wind when it seems (1) cruel, when the trees turn away from it, and it (2) cuts into our hearts. "Certain winds will make men's (3) temper bad", said George Eliot. In Southern California, the Santa Ana is (4) associated with an increase in depression and domestic (5) violence.Scientists have tried (6) without success to identify physiological reasons for these (7) reactions.Everyone agrees, however, that (8) dry winds like the Santa Ana, the mistral in France and the foehn* in Germany and Switzerland seem to have (9) negative effects on our mental and physical (10) negative effects.On windy days, playground fights, (11) suicides and heart failures are more (12) frequent. In Geneva, traffic accidents (13) increase when a wind called the bise* blows. At the (14) request of patients, some Swiss and German hospitals (15) postpone surgery during the foehn.It is human to ask what is (16) behind the wind. lt is easy to personify the wind as the (17) breath of God. The act of taking wind into our lungs is what (18) gives us life. The Jews, Arabs, Romans and Greeks all took their word for (19) spirit from the word for wind.But our day-to-day lives are no longer (20 spirit the winds. We do notidentify wind with spirit anymore.Part 2 Listening for GistA cat got on to a Scandinavian Airlines plane in Nairobi yesterday and cost the company about £10,000. One of the 66 passengers heard a strange "miaow" when the plane landed in Copenhagen. Mechanics arrived immediately and the airline company phoned for an animal ambulance. The mechanics found the cat after eight hours' work. It had got into the air-conditioning system in Nairobi. The plane was twelve hours late leaving for Tokyo, costing the company £10,000. The cat was quite well after its experience and was given a large bowl of milk and a plate of fish.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and find its topic sentence.The topic sentence is "A cat got on to a Scandinavian Airlines plane in Nairobi yesterday and cost the company about £10.000."Section TwoListening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueWhat a Coincidence!Storyteller: Talking of coincidences, did I tell you about what happened to me and Jeannie last holiday?Friend(s):No.Storyteller: We went on holiday in the States and we went to Mexico. Well, wewere driving down to Mexico City. We were going to spend a few days in Palm Beach ... see the sea, look up an old friend, you know. As we left there we stopped at a garage for a car check ... oil, the water, the tires, all that ... petrol. And the mechanics spotted something. They said that our fuel pump was not working properly and it was quite serious ... it would cost a lot of money ... well, we were very worried.Friend(s): Were you insured?Storyteller: Well, no, we weren't and I didn't have that much money on me, you know. It was meant to be a cheap holiday. Well, just then, two men drove up and they said what's the problem? And, do you know? They were mechanics - it was such good luck. They looked at our car and they said, "There's nothing wrong with your car. Don't spend money on it. Just forget about it." Well, naturally, we were worried, but ... er, I thought ... I'll trust them, I think they're right. So, we drove on, we crossed the Mexican border and had a marvelous few days sightseeing there round Monterey.Friend(s):Oh, oh, brilliant ... jealous ...Storyteller: And then we went on and on to Mexico City. We drove about forty kilometers and then we saw a car with the same US number plates as the other car we'd seen in Palm Beach.Friend(s): You're joking!Storyteller: It was parked by the road, and the same two men who gave us the advice about our car were stuck with their car.Friend(s): Oh, no!Storyteller: So, we stopped and asked them what was wrong. And do you know? Their car had broken down for exactly the same reason: The fuel pump wasn't working! It was quite extraordinary .ExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)l.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.FPart 2 PassageCorporate Culture1.How well the employee "fits" the culture can make the difference betweenjob-search success and failure.2.It guides how employees think, act, and feel.3.The amount of time outside the office you're expected to spend with co-workers is part of the corporate culture.4.The truth is that you will never really know the corporate culture until you have worked at the company for a number of months.5.It should be a place where you can have a voice, be respected, and have opportunities for growth.Why should jobseekers care about a potential employer's corporate culture? Aren't there more important factors to consider, such as the job itself, salary and bonuses, and fringe benefits? These factors are indeed important, butincreasingly career experts are talking about the importance of employee-employer fit in terms of culture, with the idea that how well the employee "fits" the culture can make the difference between job-search success and failure.What is corporate culture? At its most basic, it's described as the personality of an organization, or simply as "how things are done around here". It guides how employees think, act, and feel. Corporate culture is a broad term used to define the unique personality or character of a particular company or organization, and includes such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate ethics, and rules of behavior. Corporate culture can be expressed in the company's mission statement and other communications, in the architectural style or interior decoration(室内装饰) of offices, by what people wear to work, by how people address each other, and in the titles given to various employees.How does a company's culture affect you? In many, many ways. Forinstance:•The hours you work per day, per week, including options such as flextime and telecommuting.•The work environment, including how employees interact, the degree of competition, and whether it's a fun or hostile environment - or something in-between.•The dress code, including the accepted styles of attire* and things such as casual days.•The office space you get, including things such as cubicles*, window offices, and rules regarding display of personal items.•The training and skills development you receive, which you need both on the job and tokeep yourself marketable for future jobs and employers.•Onsite perks, such as break rooms, gyms and play rooms, daycare facilities, and more.perk=perquisite n. 特殊待遇，特权；工资外收入•The amount of time outside the office you're expected to spend withco-workers.• Interaction with other employees, including managers and topmanagement.How do you uncover the corporate culture of a potential employer? The truth is that you will never really know the corporate culture until you have worked at the company for a number of months, but you can get close to it through research and observation. Understanding culture is a two-step process, starting with research before the interview and ending with observation at the interview.If you get a chance to meet with other employees, you can ask somequestions to try and geta handle on an organization's corporate culture. Such as:•What's it really like to work here?•What skills and characteristics does the company value?•How do people get promoted around here?•The bottom line is that you are going to spend a lot of time in the work environment ---and to be happy ,successful and productive, you’ll want to be in a place where you fit the culture ,a place where you can have avoice ,be respect and have opportunity for growth .Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionMany articles and books have been written in recent years about culture in organizations, usually referred to as "Corporate Culture". The dictionary defines culture as "the act of developing intellectual and moral faculties, especially through education". Some people define it as "the moral, social, and behavioral norms of an organization based on the beliefs, attitudes, and priorities of its members".Every organization has its own unique culture or value set. Most organizations don't consciously try to create a certain culture. The culture of the organization is typically created unconsciously, based on the values of the top management or the founders of an organization.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three timesExercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and complete the following paragraphsAt its most basic, corporate culture is described as the personality of an organization. It guides how employees think, act, and feel. Corporate culture is a broad term used to define the unique personality or character of a particular company or organization, and includes such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate ethics, and rules of behavior. Corporate culture can also be expressedin the company's mission statement and other communications, in the architectural style or interior decoration of offices, by what people wear to work,by how people address each other, and in the titles given to various employees.A company's culture affects you in many ways, such as the working hours,the work environment, the dress code, the office space you get, the training andskills development you receive, onsite perks, the amount of time outside theoffice you're expected to spend with co-workers and interaction with other employees, including managers and top management.Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.The truth is that you will never really know the corporate culture until youhave worked at the company for a number of months, but you can get close to it through research and observation. / Understanding culture is a two-step process, starting with research beforethe interview and ending with observation at the interview.If you get a chance to meet with other employees, you can ask some questions to try and get a handle on an organization's corporate culture. Such as:What's it really like to work here? What skills and characteristics does the company value? How do people get promoted around here?2.(Open)Section ThreeNewsNews Item 1On his way home from his first official visit to the United States, Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari stopped in London for two days of discussions.His first meeting was with British Prime Minister Gordon Brown at his official residence.At a joint news conference, Mr. Brown praised the current Pakistani army offensive against Taliban targets in the Swat valley.Because of this, Mr. Brown said Britain is pledging $18 million worth of additional humanitarian aid in the form of food, water, shelter and sanitation that will directed at those being displaced in the northwest.In addition to the aid, the prime minister said he expects much more cooperation between Britain and Pakistan over a wide range of issues. Mr. Brown said helping the effort to tackle terrorism in Pakistan and improving health and education there were important priorities for his government.Mr. Zardari said the fight against extremists in particular is a struggle thatwill not be solved overnight.Islamabad says 15,000 security troops have moved into the tribal areas. A．anti-Taliban campaign that British and Pakistani leaders discussed B． 1. He stopped in London for two days of discussions.2. British Prime Minister Gordon Brown3. He praised the current Pakistani army offensive against Taliban targets in the Swat valley.4. It included food, water, shelter and sanitation that will directed at those being displaced in the northwest.5. He said he expects much more cooperation between Britain and Pakistan over a wide range of issues.6. Helping the effort to tackle terrorism in Pakistan and improving health and education there were important priorities for his government.7. 15,000 security troops have moved into the tribal areas.News Item 2Israel-PalestinePalestinian witnesses and security sources said some 30 tanks and armored personnel carriers drove into the Tulkarem refugee camp around 3 a.m. The army did not say whether the gunman responsible for the attack on the kibbutz* was among those detained.The Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades of Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat's Fatah movement claimed responsibility for the killings. Mr Arafat says he has formeda committee to investigate the attack on the kibbutz.In Tuesday's action, the Israeli military also demolished the home of a Palestinian militant (Mohammed Naifan) they say is responsible for sending the gunman into Kibbutz Metzer.Israeli officials say the gunman came from Tulkarem but that he was following orders of AIAqsa leaders in Nablus. By midday Tuesday Palestinian witnesses were reporting that Israeli troops were gathering outside the West Bank town.Israeli authorities say Palestinian militants from Fatah and Hamas in Nablus are behind a series of attacks against Israelis over the past few months.The latest violence comes as US envoy* David Satterfield begins a visit to the region to work on a peace plan. He arrived in Israel Monday for separate talks with Israeli and Palestinian officials.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about Israel's response to Palestinian gunman's attack on the kibbutz.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.Palestinian witnesses and security sources said some 30 tanks and armored personnel carriers drove into the Tulkarem refugee camp around 3 a.m. The army did not say whether the gunman responsible for the attack on the kibbutzwas among those detained.In Tuesday's action, the Israeli military also demolished the home of a Palestinian militant (Mohammed Naifan) they say is responsible for sending the gunman into Kibbutz Metzer.The latest violence comes as US envoy David Satterfield begins a visit to the region to work on a peace plan. He arrived in Israel Monday for separate talks with Israeli and Palestinian officials.News Item 3Officials say there are no easy, quick or purely military solutions to the Somali piracy problem. But the top U.S. military officer, Admiral Mike Mullen, told ABC's Good Morning America television program Tuesday the taking and rescue of the American cargo ship captain led him to order a new effort to find ways to effectively deal with the pirates. Admiral Mullen and Defense Secretary Robert Gates say there is no purely military solution to the Somali piracy problem. Piracy continues to rise, even as navy ships from 16 nations patrol the area. And Gates said Monday that the problem is "probably going to get worse" until the international community can, in his words, "get something on land that begins to change the equation" for the "incredible number of poor people" in Somalia, some of whom turn to piracy.Efforts by some ship owners to secure their ships have had some success. They have installed barbed wire, removed ladders and changed their routes, among other steps. But there has been resistance to proposals to put armed guards on commercial ships. Corporations have paid tens of millions of dollars for the safe return of ships and theircrews in the area in recent years. Last year, there were 111 piracy incidents in the region, triple the number the previous year. And this year, there have already been nearly 70 incidents.A. the US looking for new approaches to Somali piracyB.F, T ,F ,T ,FSection FourSupplementary ExercisePart1 Feature ReportIranian government TV says that the country's new nuclear energy chief, Ali Akbar Salehi is urging the West to end hostilities with Tehran and to start building trust."Legal and technical discussions about Iran's nuclear case have finished," he insists, "and there is no room left to keep this case open.""We hope," he added, "that more efforts will be made [by the West] to obtain mutual confidence, instead of the last six years of hostility."They were Salehi's first comments to the media, since being appointed by President Mahmoud Ahmedinejad, Friday, following the resignation of veteran nuclear negotiator Gholam Reza Aghazadeh.The soft-spoken Salehi was educated at the American University of Beirut and holds a doctorate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Salehi is Iran's former envoy to the International Atomic Energy Agency and signed a protocol allowing for freer inspections of Iran's nuclear sites. His appointment appears to be something of a gesture to the U.S.Neither the U.S., nor the other members of the so-called Group of five-plus-one, including the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, plus Germany, however, are likely to agree with Salehi about the closure of Tehran's nuclear file.U.S. President Barack Obama warned Tehran, during the G-8 summit in Italy, that the world is giving it until September to comply with U.N. resolutions over its controversial nuclear program.Iran has persistently refused to stop enriching uranium, and the West fears that it will use highly enriched uranium to build atomic weapons.The Iranian government, however, continues to insist that its nuclear program is intended for peaceful, civilian purposes, alone.Iran analyst Meir Javedanfar of the MEEPAS (Middle East Economic and Political Analysis) center in Tel Aviv argues that Tehran is hardening its position over its nuclear dossier, in response to Western criticism over its violent crackdown against its own people following the June 12 presidential elections."I think Ayatollah Khamenei is sending the message that the more we are pushed on other fronts, the more we're going to adjust the balance in our favor, and one area is the nuclear program, because Khamenei knows how important the nuclear program is to the West, especially to President Obama," he said."So, I think this is kind of a backlash against what Iran sees as Western interference in its own affairs. I also think that the Iranian government still sees the West as divided and there's not much the West can do at the moment to stop Iran's nuclear program, so they're toughening their policy and they want to see what the reaction will be, if the reaction is going to be hard or if the West is going to come up with an even [better] offer," he added.Javedanfar, however, believes that those who are seeking a compromise with Iran should not despair completely, because Iranian leaders are pragmatists, and may at the end of the day be ready for an agreement.Iranian Foreign Minister Manuchehr Motaki said one week ago that Tehran was preparing to present a "new package" of proposals, concerning what he called "international, security and political issues," to the West for talks.Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has also warned the West that Tehran would weigh their criticism over its crackdown on protesters following the June 12 election, in assessing future relations with their countries. A．This news report is about Salehi’s and the Iranian government’s attitude towards nuclear case.B: Directions: Listen to the program again and complete the following sentences.Iranian Nuclear energy ChiefName: Ali Akbar SalehiEducation:Salehi was educated at the American university of Beirut and holds a doctorate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Previous positionSalehi is Iran’s former envoy to the international Atomic Energy Agency.His comments on Iranian nuclear programLegal and technical discussions about Iran's nuclear case have finishe d. And there is no room left to keep this case open.We hope that more efforts will be made [by the West] to obtain mutu al confidence, instead of the last six years of hostility.1. The so-called Group of five-plus-one are not likely to agree with Sa lehi about the closure of Tehran’s nuclear file.2. U.S. president Barak Obama warned Tehran that the world is givi ng it untilSeptember to comply with U.N. resolutions over its controversial nucl ear program during the G-8 summit in Italy.3. Iranian Foreign Minister Manuchehr Motaki said one week ago th at Tehran was preparing to present a "new package" of proposals, co ncerning what he called "international, security and political issues," to the West for talksPart 2 PassageGlobalization1)The World Trade Organization is among the most powerful, and one of themost secretive international bodies on earth.2)Globalization is not a phenomenon. It is not just some passing trend.3)Used properly, fire can cook food, sterilize equipment, form iron, and heatour homes. Used carelessly, it can destroy lives, towns and forests in aninstant.4)Globalization has dangers and an ugly dark side. But it can also bringtremendous opportunities and benefits.5)They will see globalization not as something to worship or demonize. Instead,they will see it as something to mold, shape and manage for the betterment of everyone.Globalization is the present worldwide drive toward a globalized economic system dominated by supranational* corporate trade and banking institutions that are not accountable to democratic processes or national governments.The World Trade Organization (WTO) is among the most powerful, and one of the most secretive international bodies on earth. It is rapidly assuming the role of global government, as 134 nation-states, including the US, have ceded* to its vast authority and powers. The WTO represents the rules-based regime of the policy of economic globalization. The central operating principle of the WTO is that commercial interests should supersede* all others. Any obstacles in the pathof operations and expansion of global business enterprise must be subordinated. In practice these "obstacles" are usually policies or democratic processes that act on behalf of working people, labor rights, environmental protection, human rights, consumer rights, social justice, local culture, and national sovereignty.Globalization is not a phenomenon. It is not just some passing trend. Today it is an overarching international system shaping the domestic politics and foreign relations of virtually every country, and we need to understand it as such.As thoughtful people concerned about world affairs, our job is to pick up "globalization", examine it from all sides, dissect* it, figure out what makes it tick, and then nurture and promote the good parts and mitigate* or slow down the bad parts. Globalization is much like fire.Fire itself is neither good nor bad. Used properly, it can cook food, sterilize equipment, form iron, and heat our homes. Used carelessly, fire can destroy lives, towns and forests in an instant. As Friedman* says:"Globalization can be incredibly empowering and incredibly coercive*. It can democratize opportunity and democratize panic. It makes the whales bigger and the minnows* stronger. It leaves you behind faster and faster, and it catches up to you faster and faster. While it is homogenizing* cultures, it is also enabling people to share their unique individuality farther and wider."Globalization has dangers and an ugly dark side. But it can also bring tremendous opportunities and benefits. Just as capitalism requires a network ofgoverning systems to keep it from devouring societies, globalization requires vigilance and the rule of law.Antitrust laws, the Securities and Exchange Commission, labor unions, charities, the Federal Trade Commission, and countless other agencies and organizations keep American capitalism in check. Similar transparent mechanisms are needed to make sure globalization is a positive force in the world.Globalization will always have cheerleaders who are blind to the destruction globalization can cause. And it will always have strident* opponents blind to the way globalization gives some people their first opportunity to fulfill basic aspirations.As with most issues, the majority of people will be in the middle. They will see globalization not as something to worship or demonize. Instead, they will see it as something to mold, shape and manage for the betterment of everyone. Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1. Milton Friedman says, "Globalization can be incredibly empowering and incredibly coercive. It can democratize opportunity and democratize panic. It makes the whales bigger and the minnows stronger. It leaves you behind faster and faster, and it catches up to you faster and faster. While it is homogenizing cultures, it is also enabling people to share their unique individuality farther and wider."2.(Open)。
现代大学英语精读3_unit_6课后答案
Pre-class Work II1. Paraphrase.1) No. 12: He came back to get back the knife. After all, leaving his knife sticking out of the body is not a pleasant scene.No. 7: Especially when the person is one of his relatives.No. 4: That's not funny at all. Don't make any joke about it.2) No. 3: ... I've seen all kinds of cheating, lying and other dirty tricks in my life, but this littledemonstration is the worst I have ever seen.3) No. 7: ... How do you think about him (Juror No. 11)? He came to America to escape persecution,but now before he can take a deep breath, almost immediately, he is telling us Americans how to doeverything. I'm really amazed why he should be so conceited and rude.4) No. 9: Your eyeglasses made two deep marks beside your nose. I haven't noticed it before. I guess itmust be very annoying.No. 4: Yes, it is annoying.No. 9: I don't know what you feel about that, since my eyesight is perfect and I've never worn glasses.5) No. 3: You've showed unreasonable sympathy for thosepeople. How terrible you all are. Are you goingto frighten me not to vote him guilty? You can't. I have the right to h01d my own point.2, Learn to use reference books.Find the correct definition of the following in the text.1) figure: to think; to guess2) beat: to arrive at the very spot3) bear: to prove4) stamp: to keep lifting each foot and bringing it down again very hard to make a noise5) room: chance6) term: a word or expression that has a particular meaning7) bridge: a card game for four players who play in pairs8) feature: a film being shown at a cinema9) tie: the result of a game, competition, or election in which two or more people get the same number ofpoints, votes, etc.10) impressions: marks3. Find the synonyms of the following in a thesaurus.1) crazy: insane, mad, unbalanced2) to bother : to annoy, to trouble, to dismay, to worry, to disquiet, to disturb, to upset, to plague, to try4. Word-building.I) Give the corresponding nouns of the following.(1) vote (2) assumption (3) dependence(4) risk(5) objection (6) recreation (7) declaration(8) obscurity(9) plunge (10) description (11) annoyance (12) intimidation2) Give the corresponding verbs of the following.(1)to detect (2) to relate (3) to doubt (4) to differ(5) to display (6) to execute (7) to stress(8) to breathe(9) to disgust (10) to narrate (11) to switch3) Translate the following using your acquired rules of word-building and point out which "-ing"form denotes a gerund and which a present participle. Participles: (2), (4), (6), (8), (11), (12), (13), (15), (16), (17), (18), (20), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26), (27),(28), (30), (31), (32), (34), (39), (40), (42), (44), (45), (46), (47), (49), (50)Gerunds: all the rest4) Study how these words are formed and make your own discoveries of rules of word building.(4) Give the noun forms of the following.resistance brilliance fragrance competenceexistence evidence violence dependenceconfidence reluctance persistence intelligenceMore Work on the TextII. vocabulary1.Translate1) into English.(1) to risk being criticized (2) to present the evidence(3) to capture the tiger (4) to twist the fact(5) to cover one's blunder (6) to recreate the scene(7) to stamp one's feet (8) to skip through one's fingers(9) to put oneself in sb.'s place (10) to run forone's life(11) to break the tie (12) to give a demonstration(13) to obscure the truth (14) to take a deep breath(15) to run the country2) into Chinese.(1)铁证(2)合理的怀疑(3)重施脂粉；浓妆艳抹(4)精神压力(5)陪审团意见分歧，无法做出决定(6)刑事(民事)法庭(7)近(远)亲(8)最终判决(9)旧货店(10)辩护律师(11)潜在威胁(12)滋生地2．Give synonyms and antonyms of the following．1)Give synonyms．(1)sure，certain(2)to catch，to arrest，to seize，to take prisoner(3)to calculate，to think，to believe，to presume，to guess(4)common，usual，ordinary，familiar(5)to join，to attach，tO combine，to unite，to link(6)drawing，map，plan，chart(7)show,demonstration，exhibition(8)beautiful，attractive，good-looking(9)terror,horror，great fear，fright，scare(10)mistake，error(11)to thrust，to attack，to hit at，to strike at，to charge(12)fuss，excitement，uproar，disturbance(13)strain，tension，pressure，burden(14)bad，awful，terrible，nasty，unpleasant(1 5)to terrify，to frighten，to make afraid，to bully2)Give antonyms．(1)near-sighted，short—sighted，myopic(2)illogical，irrational，inconsistent(3)old，ancient，outmoded，old—fashioned(4)valueless，worthless(Not：invaluable)(5)to reveal，to show,to clarify(6)tO approve，to agree，to accept，to welcome(7)peaceful(8)unconvinced，doubtful，uncertain(9)upward(10)expensive，costly，dear(11) dishonesty(12) educated, knowledgeable, well-informed(13) inconspicuous, unnoticeable, invisible(14) destructive3. Translate.1) More and more young people now favor the idea of spending their holidays traveling.2) I am still in favor of having my parents live with us in their old age.3) No facts have ever borne out the claim that with some methods one can learn a foreign language inweeks or months.4) Today all state-owned enterprises must bear their responsibilities for their losses.5) He must be out of his mind to do that. How can you bear such an insult?6) I have been to many interesting places in the world in my day. But now that I'm old, I still feel that "Eastand West, Home is Best".7) If you stick to these bad habits, you will risk losing your health.8) I'm sick and tired of being told what to do with my personal life.9) If I should fail, am I entitled to a makeup exam?10) Under those pressures he still had the courage to stick to histheory.11) There was a nail sticking out of that chair. It tore my favorite pants.12) We must not run the risk of violating intellectual property rights.13) We can't bear seeing all this garbage around. So we have decided to clean it up ourselves.14) Stick this motto on the wall where we can all see.15) One of the issues that remain in question in the conflict between Israel and Palestine is the issue ofJerusalem.16) It remained me of how we all tried to make steel in our backyard stoves in 1958.17) He may have forgotten. I should have reminded him to attend this meeting,18) Please remind everybody that tomorrow's volleyball match has been put off.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.1) in 2) off 3) down on 4) out 5) into 6) out 7) aside8) apart 9) up 10) into 11) out, at 12) in 13) in, on 14) in, inGive verbs that can form collocations with the following nouns.1) to make, to see, to get, to gain, to score, to give, to prove, to lose, to win, to come to, to get to (a/thepoint)2) to make, to pass, to obey, to break, to enforce, to respect, to revise, to lay down (a/the law)3) to take, to change, to count, to have, to cast, to win, to get, to call for, to put to (a/the/one's vote)7. Choose the right words in their proper forms.1) (1) incredible (2) incredulously (3) incredible (4) incredulous2) (1) announced (2) declared (3) announced (4) declared(5) declare (6) announced3) (1) arrested (2) caught (3) captured(4) captured4) (1) annoyed (2) bother/disturb/annoy (3) disturb/bother (4) disturbed(5) troubling (6) trouble8. Choose the best word or phrase for each blank from the four supplied in brackets.(1) within (2) why (3) heavy(4) edge(5) lay (6) dark old (7) something (8) though(9) which (10) had fallen (11) on the front of (12) until(13) asking (14) mind (15) about IlL Grammar1. Understand grammar in context: study the use of the modal + have done construction andpoint out the concept each conveys.(The perfect infinitive denotes a past action or condition. When it is used with modals, the concept itexpresses depends on the modal.)1) improbability of a past action 2) probability of a past action3) probability of a past action 4) probability of a past action5) possibility of a past action 6) probability of a past action7) possibility of a past condition/state 8) probability of a past action9) necessity of a past action 10)probability of a past action11) probability of a past action 12) subjective certainty of a past action13) probability of a past action 14) obligation for a past action15) probability of past actions2. Rewrite the following sentences using could (not), may (not), must, would (not), should(not) followed by a perfect infinitive.1) Use "could (not)".(1) couldn't have run to the door in 15 seconds(2) couldn't have seen clearly who the murderer was(3) couldn't have committed the crime since he was at home with his mother at the time(4) couldn't have had a better time if you didn't invite us to this delightful party2) Use "may/might (not)".(1) may have been right(2) may not have sent it(3) may/might have killed the father with a similar knife(4) may/might have left it behind in the train(5) may not have passed our message to him(6) might/may have been a spy working in the minister's office(7) might/may not have seen me(8) may/might not have seen the advertisement.3) Use "must".(1) must have been written by a woman(2) must have been very exciting(3) must have been hard to get him to support the campaign(4) must have snowed all night(5) must have lied(6) must have happened between the two of them4) Use "would (not)".(1) wouldn't have quarreled over such trivial matters(2) would have lied just to attract attention(3) wouldn't have stabbed downward(4) wouldn't have invested heavily in real estate in a country on the brink of a civil war(5) wouldn't have been defeated by a computer5) Use "should (not)".(1) shouldn't have broken the sad news to her like that(2) should have told her the truth about her birth(3) shouldn't have walked all the way home(4) should have thought that/should have asked if3. Translate the sentences using the "modal + have done" construction.1) When I looked at my watch, he must have guessed my thoughts.2) It was so silent that you could have heard a pin drop.3) Don't worry. The children might have gone to their grandparents' place.4) You shouldn't have criticized your staff like that. They've done their best.5) I believe many other people would have done what I did under the circumstances.6) The druggist was a short man who could/might have been any age from fifty to a hundred.7) As all staff members had access to the information, any one of them could have downloaded thedocument.8) The man who saved two old ladies from a burning house said that others would have done the sameunder the circumstances.9) As his best friend, you should have advised Lao Wang to make up with his wife before it was too late.10) I definitely wouldn't have devoted all my time and energy to surfing on the Internet as he did last4. Put in appropriate connectives.(l) and (2) but (3) that (4) Since (5) and (6) But(7) as (8) But (9) where (10) as (11) who (12) that5. Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.t) A 2) A 3) C 4) B 5) C 6) D 7) D 8) C 9) B10)A 11) C 12) D 13) C 14) D 15) CIV. Written WorkSummarize the reasonable doubts the jurors raise in this part of the play within 200 words.1) Juror No. 2 had a reasonable doubt about the downward angle of the stab wound. First, the boy was shorterthan his father. Second, anyone who was handy with the switch knife like the boy would use h underhand.The boy wouldn't have stabbed down.2) No. 9 doubted the eyesight of the woman who testified that she saw the killing take place. She had markson the sides of her nose which could only be made by eyeglasses. As no one wears glasses in bed, shecouldn't have identified a person 60 feet away at night without wearing glasses.3) If the boy had killed his father he wouldn't have gone back three hours later to get his knife. And hecouldn't have run out in a state of panic because then he would have had to be calm enough to wipe off hisfingerprints.4) The fact that the boy couldn't remember the names of the movies he said he saw on the night of the murdercouldn't be used as evidence against the boy either, because when No. 8 asked No. 4 the name of the movie hehad seen only a couple of days before, he couldn't answer accurately. ( 185 words.)。
现代大学英语听力3原文及答案unit 1-- unit 5
Unit 1Task 1【答案】A. unusual, whatever, escape, traditions, present, grey, moulded, shape, hereB.1) Students were forbidden to play games, to sing (except sacred music), to hunt or fish or even to dance.2) When people went anywhere on a visit, the pretty English girls all kissed them.3) Erasmus, Bacon, Milton, Cromwell, and Newton (or Wordsworth, Byron, Tennyson, etc.)【原文】My coming to Cambridge has been an unusual experience. From whatever country one comes as a student one cannot escape the influence of the Cambridge traditions---and they go back so far! Here, perhaps, more than anywhere else, I have felt at one and the same time the past, the present and even the future. It’s easy to see in the old grey stone buildings how the past moulded the present and how the present is giving shape to the future. So let me tell you a little of what this university town looks like and how it came to be here at all.The story of the University began, so far as I know, in 1209 when several hundred students and scholars arrived in the little town of Cambridge after having walked 60 miles from Oxford.Of course there were no colleges in those early days and student life was very different from what it is now. Students were of all ages and came from anywhere and everywhere. They were armed; some even banded together to rob the people of the countryside. Gradually the idea of the college developed, and in 1284, Peterhouse, the oldest college in Cambridge, was founded.Life in college was strict; students were forbidden to play games, to sing (except sacred music), to hunt or fish or even to dance. Books were very scarce and all the lessons were in the Latin language which students were supposed to speak even among themselves.In 1440 King Henry VI founded King’s College, and the other colleges followed. Erasmus, the great Dutch scholar, was at one of these, Queens’ College, from 1511 to 1513, and though he wrote that the college beer was ―weak and badly made‖, he also mentioned a pleasant custom that unfor tunately seems to have ceased.―The English girls are extremely pretty,‖ Erasmus said, ―soft, pleasant, gentle, and charming. When you go anywhere on a visit the girls all kiss you. They kiss you when you arrive. They kiss you when you go away and agai n when you return.‖Many other great men studied at Cambridge, among them Bacon, Milton, Cromwell, Newton, Wordsworth, Byron and Tennyson.Task 2【答案】A. 1) a) 2) b) 3) a) 4) c)B.1) They usually wear black gowns—long gowns that hang down to the feet are for graduates, and shorter ones forundergraduates.2) Women students do not play a very active part in university life at Cambridge, but they work harder than men. C.1) meadows, green, peaceful, bending into, intervals, deep coloured, reflection, contrasts, lawns2) peace, scholarship, peace, suggest, stretches, charmingly cool, graceful【原文】Now let me give you some idea of what you would see if you were to talk around Cambridge. Let us imagine that I am seeing the sights for the first time. It is a quite market town and the shopping centre extends for quite a large area, but I notice more bookshops than one normally sees in country town s, and more tailors’ shops showing in their windows the black gowns that students must wear—long gowns that hang down to the feet for graduates and shorter ones for undergraduates.In the centre of the town is the market place where several times each week country traders come to sell their produce. Everywhere there are teashops, some in modern and many in old buildings, reached by climbing narrow stairs. There is a great deal of bicycle traffic, mainly undergraduates who race along thoughtless of safety, with long scarves (in various colours to denote their college) wound round their necks.Continuing, I find my way to the river which flows behind the college buildings and curls about the town in the shape of a horseshoe. This narrow river is the Granta, and a little farther on changes in name to the Cam. It flows slowly and calmly. The ―Blacks‖, as this part of the town behind the colleges is called, have been described as the loveliest man-made view in English. It is indeed beautiful. To the felt, across the stream, there are no buildings, merely meadows, colleges’ gardens and lines of tall trees. Everything is very green and peaceful. On the river bank are willow trees with their branches bending into the water and, at intervals along the river, stone bridges cross the stream and lead into the colleges which line the bank. The deep coloured brick or stone of collegewalls, sometimes red and sometimes grey, is 500 years old. The walls rise out of their own reflection in the water and their colour contrasts charmingly with glimpses of the many green lawns.Walking along the river bank, where the only sound is the noise of gentle wind in the tree tops, I came to my college, King’s College. Across a bridge and beyond a vast carpet of green lawn stands King’s College Chapel, the largest and most beautiful building in Cambridge and the most perfect example left of English fifteenth-century architecture.The colleges join one another along the curve of the river. Going through a college gate one finds one is standing in an almost square space of 70 yards known as a ―court‖. Looking down into the court on all sides are the buildings where the students live. The colleges are built on a plan common to all. There is a chapel, a library, and a large dinning-hall. One court leads to another and each is made beautiful with lawns or a fountain or charming old stone path. The student gets a good impression of all the English architectural styles of the past 600 years---the bad as well as the good.There are 28 colleges, excluding three for women students. Women students do not play a very active part in university life at Cambridge, but they work harder than men.It is difficult to walk around the quite courts of the colleges without feeling a sense of peace and scholarship. And the sense of peace that green lawns always suggest to me is found in the town too, for often one is surprised to meet open stretches of grass in the midst of the streets and house giving a charmingly cool countryside effect and re minding one of the more graceful days of eighteenth century. I’ll finish as I began on that note, the feeling one has here of the past in the present, of continuing tradition and firm faith.Task 3【答案】A. 1) b) 2) c)B.“F ive Secrets” for Getting a Student VisaSecret One: Get free, accurate information by visiting the US Embassy website.Secret Two: Be thoroughly prepared.Bring: I-20 form or IAP form;Diploma(s);Standardized test score reports (TOEFL, GRE, GMAT, LSAT, etc.);All letters and e-mails from the school, esp. those discussing financial aid;Evidence of funding for the applicant’s studies;Business cards;Any other documents that might be important.Secret Three: Answer the questions that are asked. Don’t give the visa officer a prepared speech.Secret Four: Tell the truth.Secret Five: Come back to China in two ways:1) Come back to see your family and maintain your ties to China.2) Come back to China after graduation.【原文】On March 7, US Consul General David Hopper and three other officials from the Visa Section of the American Embassy met with students at Peking University. One of the officials presented ―Five Secrets‖for getting a student visa.Secret One:Get free, accurate information on applying for a student visa. Visit the US Embassy website. There is no charge for using these resources. Why pay to get the same information from other sources?Secret Two:Be thoroughly prepared. Make sure you bring:● Y I-20 form (or IAP-66 form);●Your diploma(s);●Your standardized test score reports (TOEFL, GRE, GMAT, LSAT, etc.);●All letters and e-mails from the school, especially those that discuss scholarships, assistantships, fellowshipsand other forms of financial aid;●Evidence of funding for your studies (bank documents, etc.);●Your business cards (if you have a job);●Any other documents that you think might be important.Secret Three:Answer those questions that are asked. Don’t give the visa officer a prepared speech! Here’s an example of what to avoid.Visa officer：Hi, how are you today?Applicant：I’m going to study chemical engineering at X University.Visa officer：X University? I've been to the campus many times.Applicant：I will surely return to China and find a good job with a major multinational company.Visa officer：So tell me, what color is the sky?Applicant：I was given a teaching assistantship because the school believes my test scores and credentials are excellent．These people are not communicating, and the applicant is not advancing his cause!Secret Four：Tell the truth. If the visa officer thinks you’re lying, you won’t ge t a visa.Secret Five：Come back to China. We mean that in two ways：1. Come back to see your family and maintain your ties to China．Keep up your friendships and professionalcontacts here．Students returning on vacation d on’t eve n need to come in for an interview；they can simply use the drop-box service offered at many CITIC Bank locations.2. Come back to China after you graduate. Use those advanced skills and theories that you learn in the US tomake China a better place．Task 4【答案】A.1) You are not well suited for it. / You do not have the necessary qualities or abilities for it.2) You cannot go back to the previous situation. /You cannot change your mind.3) You can’t change halfway the subjects you choose to study.B. 1) b) 2) a) 3) c) 4) a) 5) a) 6) b)C.References:In the text, John criticizes the British university system for being too specialized in their curriculum, and argues that the American system is a better one. But Peter, the US student, doesn’t agree. In the debate, encourage students to refer to the points made by Peter or john in the conversation. They may also use their own experience at a Chinese university to support their viewpoints.John’s arguments for a broader course of study:—Students who follow a broader course will have a better understanding of the world in general, and they will be more flexible in their jobs, so that if things go wrong they will be able to change jobs more easily.—Things are changing so rapidly that we have to change with them. Too much emphasis on specialization makes it difficult for us to renew or update our knowledge.—The majority of British students never use 90 percent of what they have studied at university, because what they learned is too academic and difficult.Peter’s arguments against John:—There are too many subjects today. You won’t be competent in anything if you don’t focus. Life is short. You can’t do everything.—People usually know what they want to do in high school.—There are not many alternatives if students want to learn enough to be competent in their subject.—American students with a first degree don’t have the depth of knowledge they should have.—Specialization is particularly important in sciences.—People need to acquire a lot of pure knowledge, particularly in technical and scientific areas. The importance of pure knowledge should not be underestimated.【原文】John: I disagree, Peter. I don’t think it really matters what your educational background is. Anyone who is bright enough is going to do well whatever their education.Peter: But John, …John: In fact, I think some people carry on with their education when they would do a lot better to get out and start building their own careers by learning things in real life.Peter: Yes, but the whole point is, life is getting so much more complicated these days that unless you carry on with your studies you just can't cope.John: For certain things, and certain people, okay. But to my mind, the big problem in education is that you specialize too quickly. I mean, in England, you start specializing from the third year in secondary school, when you're about 14. And it gets steadily narrower until you do your A-levels in only two or three subjects.You either do languages, or natural sciences, or social sciences.Peter: But surely these days you have to, John—you can't possibly study everything, because there's just too much. John: Yes, but how many kids at the age of 16 really know what they want to do? How many of them are convinced that the three subjects they've chosen, or have been recommended, are the ones that will let them follow the careers they eventually decide on?Peter: Oh, I think most young people who stay on at school have a fair idea of what they want to do.John: I'm not so sure, Peter. And after all, that's not the end of it. When they get to university in England, the subjects they study are so narrow that they are only good for one thing; so they are stuck with it.Peter: But I don't really see that there is any alternative if people are going to learn enough to be competent in their subject. They've got to specialize early, and I suppose those that realize they've made a mistake can always swap to something else.John: Ah, but that's just it. You can't. Suppose you study languages at university and then decide that you are not cut out for it and would like to be a doctor. You've burnt your bridges. You can't just change horses in midstream; you've got to go right back to the beginning and you lose years. I think the American system is much better.Peter: In what way?John: Well, for your first degree you've got to study a fairly wide range of subjects, and you can choose them yourself, within certain limits.Peter: Fine, but doesn't that mean that American students with a first degree don't have the depth of knowledge they should have?John: Should have for what?Peter: Well, they often aren't accepted for postgraduate work in England with just a first degree.John: Maybe not, but I don't really think that's important. They come out with a pretty good general knowledge ina wide area. After all, when you think about a lot of the stuff English students have to study, what good is itto them afterwards? I'm sure the majority of British students never use 90 percent of what they studied at university.Peter: That may be true of some arts subjects, but what about the sciences?John: Even there, a lot of what they do at university is so academic and abstruse that they will never be able to put it to any practical use. I'm sure they would benefit far more from on-the-job experience. And if they've had a broader course of study they've got two advantages.Peter: How do you mean?John: First of all, they will have a better understanding of the world in general, so they will be more flexible in their jobs, and then if things do go wrong they will be able to switch jobs more easily.Peter: That all sounds very simple, but I think you're still underestimating the amount of pure learning that you need these days, particularly in technical and scientific areas. I mean even at school these days, children have to learn far more things than we did when we were at school.John: All the more reason why we should not try to concentrate on such a few things at such an early age. Things are changing so rapidly these days that we have to change with them. When we were younger, there was a pretty good chance that we would be able to carry on in the profession we'd chosen until we retired. But these days, people have got to be prepared to change their jobs and learn new skills as technology moves ahead. Take just the area of the office, for example. How many offices...Task 5【答案】domestic, diversity, flexibility, more than 3,600, campuses, enrolled students, industries, about 3 million, Harvard, Stanford, community colleges, state universities, faculties, ethnic minorities, subjects and course options, student, consumer, flexibility, specialize, a higher education, postsecondary, a new career, retired people【原文】That a record 453,787 foreign students from 180 countries attended colleges and universities in the US in the past academic year is perhaps the most vivid indication that there are important advantages in American higher education.No other country receives even half as many foreign students, yet international students represent only 3% of the total enrollment at US colleges and universities. In all, some fifteen million students attend America's institutions of higher education.These statistics illustrate four major features of the American higher education system which make it attractive to both domestic and foreign students: size, diversity, flexibility and accessibility.Today there are more than 3,600 institutions of higher education in the United States. Some of the large state university systems, such as those in New York, California and Texas, comprise dozens of campuses and hundreds of thousands of enrolled students. Indeed, higher education has become one of the biggest "industries" in the US, employing some three million people.The range and diversity of institutions and programs of study in the US are even more impressive. The system encompasses both prestigious private universities such as Harvard and Stanford, which are among the best in the world, and local publicly-funded community colleges; both huge state university campuses enrolling 40,000-50,000 students and tiny private institutes with fewer than 100 students.American higher education is diverse in other ways, too. Not only do most colleges and universities enroll foreign students, but foreign faculty and visiting scholars play an important role on many campuses, particularly the large universities. In most comprehensive institutions, there are as many female students as male, and the numbers of students and faculty from ethnic minorities, particularly Asian-Americans and Hispanic-Americans have been steadily increasing. As a result, the campus communities of many American universities reflect in microcosm the diversity of larger society.Higher education in the US is also unique in offering an enormous variety of subjects and course options, ranging from Aerospace Engineering to Women's Studies and from Art to Zoology. Because it is dependent on tuition for funding, higher education in the US is student-centered and consumer-oriented; institutions teach what students want to know and what society as a whole thinks is useful. For example, the large public universities of New York, Ohio State University, and the University of Texas at Austin offer hundreds of different degree programs and have academic catalogs listing thousands of courses.The variety of programs and courses contributes to the flexibility of the American system. Undergraduates usually begin their program taking "general education," "liberal arts," or "core curriculum" courses—in order that they might become more "well-rounded" students—and only later select their major in many cases, not until their second year.Because they do not specialize from the very beginning, undergraduate students have more options than theircounterparts in other countries. Not infrequently, American undergraduates change their mind and decide to take a different major, but this does not oblige them to start over, for at least part of their course work can still be applied to the new degree.Most academic programs include "elective courses" which students can sometimes take outside their main field of study. This gives them added choice in planning their education, and enables them to broaden their perspective by learning about other subjects. Thus, much is left up to student, who is expected to choose from a bewildering variety of institutions, degree programs and courses, and often must depend on his/her academic advisors for help in planning a program of study.The size, diversity and flexibility of the American higher education system all contribute to its accessibility. Americans take for granted that everyone, regardless of their origin, should have a right to a higher education, and opportunities do exist for a large percentage of college-age young people to pursue postsecondary studies. It should be remembered that in the US the category "higher education" can encompass vocational, technical, professional and other specialized training.Fundamental to American culture is the high value it places on education. At whatever level, education is considered a form of self-improvement, which can lead to new career opportunities, economic advances and personal betterment, regardless of one's age. An increasing number of older, "non-traditional" students are attending college and university in the US, many having gone back for additional training or to prepare for a new career. Moreover, as many as fifteen million Americans, including large number of retired people, enroll in noncredit college courses (in other words, courses not leading to a degree) every year.Task 6【答案】A.1) b) 2) a) 3) a) 4) c) 5) b)B.I.A.1. little use for the liberation of African people2. to overcome the social and technological backwardnessB.1.formal education, society2. catalyst, social changeII.A. the world`s best, the most appropriateB. integrate education and life, and education and productionC. we should judge a child or and an adult by their academic abilityIII. the formal education system, society as a whole, cooperativeness, a desired to serve【原文】Part 1We know that something called ―education‖ is a good thing. And all African states therefore spend a large proportion of government revenue on it. But, I suspect that for us in Africa the underlying purpose of education is to turn us into black Europeans, or black Americans, because our education policies make it quite clear that we are really expecting education in Africa to enable us to emulate the material achievements of Europe and America. We have not begun to think seriously about whether such material achievements are possible or desirable.The primary purpose of education is the liberation of man. To ―liberate‖ is to ―set free‖. It implies impediments to freedom having been thrown off. But a man can be physically free from restraint and still be unfree if his mind is restricted by habits and attitudes which limit his humanity.Education is incomplete if it enables man to work out elaborate schemes for universal peace but does not teach him how to provide good food for himself and his family. It is equally incomplete if it teaches man to be an efficient tool user and tool maker, but neglects his personality and his relationship with his fellow human beings.There are professional men who say, "My market value is higher than the salary I am receiving in Tanzania." But no human being has a market value—except a slave. When people say such things, in effect they are saying, "This education I have been given has turned me into a marketable commodity, like cotton or sisal." And they are showing that, instead of liberating their humanity by giving it a greater chance to express itself, the education they have received has degraded their humanity. Their education has converted them into objects—repositories of knowledge like rather special computers.We condemn such people. Yet it is our educational system which is instilling in boys and girls the idea that their education confers a price tag on them—which ignores the infinite and priceless value of a liberated human being, who is cooperating with others in building a civilization worthy of creatures made in the image of God. Part 2A formal school system, devised and operated without reference to the society in which its graduates will live, is of little use as an instrument of liberation for the people of Africa. At the same time, learning just by living and doing in the existing society would leave us so backward socially and technologically that human liberation in the foreseeable future is out of the question. Somehow we have to combine the two systems. We have to integrate formal education with the society and use education as a catalyst for change in that society.Inevitably it takes time to change. We have not solved the problem of building sufficient self-confidence to refuse what we regard as the world's best (whatever that may mean), and to choose instead the most appropriate for our conditions. We have not solved the problem of our apparent inability to integrate education and life, and education and production. We have not solved the problem of overcoming the belief that academic ability marks out a child or an adult as especially praiseworthy, or as deserving a privileged place in society.This is not a failure within the formal education system. It is a failure of society as a whole. Indeed, the educationalists have advanced in these matters more than other sections of the community. But our society has not yet accepted that character, cooperativeness and a desire to serve are relevant to a person's ability to benefit from further training.Task 7【原文】For beauty and for romance the first place among all the cities of the United Kingdom must be given to Oxford. The impression that Oxford makes upon those who, familiar with her from early years, have learnt to know and love her in later life is remarkable. Teeming with much that is ancient, she appears the embodiment of youth and beauty. Exquisite in line, sparkling with light and colour, she seems ever bright and young, while her sons fall into decay and perish. "Alma Mater!" they cry, and love her for her loveliness, till their dim eyes can look on her no more.And this is for the reason that the true lovableness of Oxford cannot be learnt at once. As her charms have grown from age to age, so their real appreciation is gradual. Not that she cannot catch the eye of one who sees her for the first time, and, smiling, hold him captive. This she can do now and then; but even so her new lover has yet to learn her preciousness.Unit 2Task 1【答案】A. 1) c) 2) d) 3) b)B. 1) T 2) F 3) TC. b→e→d→a→c【原文】Dear Ann Landers:I buried my husband yesterday. We were married for 23 years. My hand is not very steady but I must write this letter. Perhaps it is grief therapy for myself, but whatever the reason I hope you will not think I am out of my head.Our marriage was what you might call "average". We had more than our share of arguments, but on balance we had more fun together than most couples our age. I am Italian and Bill was Irish. Maybe that explains a few things. Anyway, I loved him very much and I know he loved me.We had an argument Wednesday night. It was a bitter quarrel and we both said things we shouldn't have. Thursday morning I fixed Bill a good breakfast but we didn't speak. I figured we'd patch things up at supper. That afternoon at 4 o'clock he was dead. It was a massive heart attack, his first. By the time I reached the hospital, he was gone.Years ago you gave some advice on how to have a good marriage. You said, "Never go to bed mad." How I wish I had taken that advice. It's awful to know that our last words were angry ones.I hope every married couple who reads this will ask themselves this question: "If I never see my beloved again, what were the last words we spoke to one another?" That's something to think about, isn't it? Too Late For Me!Task 2【答案】1) Donald, whom Olivia loves, has proposed marriage to her.2) She cannot make up her mind because it is wartime and she does not have enough time to know more about Donald and ensure her feelings.3) She thinks Donald probably just wants to marry himself off before he is killed in the war.【原文】Olivia: Donald has asked me to marry him.Marcia: Has he? That's wonderful! Olivia!Olivia: Is it?Marcia: Well... yes.., don't you think it is?Olivia: I'm not sure. I'm really not.Marcia: Why not? Don't you love him?Olivia: Yes... I think so. But is that a good reason to get married? Now? With a war going on?Marcia: I don't think I understand.Olivia: Well, it's.., how shall I say it...? Oh, I find it very difficult to explain!Marcia: Are you afraid he may be... may be...Olivia: Killed? Yes, of course. But that isn't the reason.Marcia: Well, what is it, then?Olivia: It's just that I feel that.., how can I put it...? If there weren't a war on, things would be different. We'd have more time together. More time to decide. How can I be sure I really love him? Or that he loves me? I sometimes think that he wants to get married now because he thinks it may be his last chance.Marcia: To do what?Olivia: To get married, of course.Marcia: Oh, I see. I mean, I think I'm beginning to understand now.Olivia: What would you do if you were me? I mean, would you..do you think I should...。
听力教程第三册答案UNIT6(供参考)
UNIT 6Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Spot DictationWind and SpiritWe do notice the wind when it seems (1) cruel, when the trees turn away from it, and it (2) cuts into our hearts. "Certain winds will make men's (3) temper bad", said George Eliot. In Southern California, the Santa Ana is (4) associated with an increase in depression and domestic (5) violence.Scientists have tried (6) without success to identify physiological reasons for these (7) reactions.Everyone agrees, however, that (8) dry winds like the Santa Ana, the mistral in France and the foehn* in Germany and Switzerland seem to have (9) negative effects on our mental and physical (10) negative effects.On windy days, playground fights, (11) suicides and heart failures are more (12) frequent. In Geneva, traffic accidents (13) increase when a wind called the bise* blows. At the (14) request of patients, some Swiss and German hospitals (15) postpone surgery during the foehn.It is human to ask what is (16) behind the wind. lt is easy to personify the wind as the (17) breath of God. The act of taking wind into our lungs is what (18) gives us life. The Jews, Arabs, Romans and Greeks all took their word for (19) spirit from the word for wind.But our day-to-day lives are no longer (20 spirit the winds. We do not identify wind with spirit anymore.Part 2 Listening for GistA cat got on to a Scandinavian Airlines plane in Nairobi yesterday and cost the company about £10,000. One of the 66 passengers heard a strange "miaow" when the plane landed in Copenhagen. Mechanics arrived immediately and the airline company phoned for an animal ambulance. The mechanics found the cat after eight hours' work. It had got into the air-conditioning system in Nairobi. The plane was twelve hours late leaving for Tokyo, costing the company £10,000. The cat was quite well after its experience and was given a large bowl of milk and a plate of fish.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and find its topic sentence.The topic sentence is "A cat got on to a Scandinavian Airlines plane in Nairobi yesterday and cost the company about £10.000."Section TwoListening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueWhat a Coincidence!Storyteller: Talking of coincidences, did I tell you about what happened to me and Jeannie last holiday?Friend(s):No.Storyteller: We went on holiday in the States and we went to Mexico. Well, we were driving down to Mexico City. We were going to spend a few days in Palm Beach ... see the sea, look up an old friend, you know. As we left there we stopped at a garage for a car check ... oil, the water, the tires, all that ... petrol. And the mechanics spotted something. They said that our fuel pump was not working properly and it was quite serious ... it would cost a lot of money ... well, we were very worried.Friend(s): Were you insured?Storyteller: Well, no, we weren't and I didn't have that much money on me, you know. It was meant to be a cheap holiday. Well, just then, two men drove up and they said what's the problem? And, do you know? They were mechanics - it was such good luck. They looked at our car and they said, "There's nothing wrong with your car. Don't spend money on it. Just forget about it." Well, naturally, we were worried, but ... er, I thought ... I'll trust them, I think they're right. So, we drove on, we crossed the Mexican border and had a marvelous few days sightseeing there round Monterey.Friend(s):Oh, oh, brilliant ... jealous ...Storyteller: And then we went on and on to Mexico City. We drove about fortykilometers and then we saw a car with the same US number plates as the other car we'd seen in Palm Beach.Friend(s): You're joking!Storyteller: It was parked by the road, and the same two men who gave us the advice about our car were stuck with their car.Friend(s): Oh, no!Storyteller: So, we stopped and asked them what was wrong. And do you know? Their car had broken down for exactly the same reason: The fuel pump wasn't working! It was quite extraordinary .ExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)l.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.F 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.FPart 2 PassageCorporate Culture1.How well the employee "fits" the culture can make the difference betweenjob-search success and failure.2.It guides how employees think, act, and feel.3.The amount of time outside the office you're expected to spend with co-workers is part of the corporate culture.4.The truth is that you will never really know the corporate culture until you have worked at the company for a number of months.5.It should be a place where you can have a voice, be respected, and have opportunities for growth.Why should jobseekers care about a potential employer's corporate culture? Aren't there more important factors to consider, such as the job itself, salary and bonuses, and fringe benefits? These factors are indeed important, but increasingly career experts are talking about the importance of employee-employer fit in terms of culture, with the idea that how well the employee "fits" the culture can make the difference between job-search success and failure.What is corporate culture? At its most basic, it's described as the personality of an organization, or simply as "how things are done around here". It guides how employees think, act, and feel. Corporate culture is a broad term used to define the unique personality or character of a particular company or organization, and includes such elements as core values and beliefs, corporate ethics, and rules of behavior. Corporate culture can be expressed in the company's mission statement and other communications, in the architectural style or interior decoration(室内装饰) of offices, by what people wear to work, by how people address each other, and in the titles given to various employees.How does a company's culture affect you? In many, many ways. For instance:•The hours you work per day, per week, including options such as flextime and telecommuting.•The work environment, including how employees interact, the degree of competition, and whether it's a fun or hostile environment - or something in-between.•The dress code, including the accepted styles of attire* and things such as casual days.•The office space you get, including things such as cubicles*, window offices, and rules regarding display of personal items.•The training and skills development you receive, which you need both on the job and tokeep yourself marketable for future jobs and employers.•Onsite perks, such as break rooms, gyms and play rooms, daycare facilities, and more.perk=perquisite n. 特殊待遇，特权；工资外收入•The amount of time outside the office you're expected to spend withco-workers.• Interaction with other employees, including managers and topmanagement.How do you uncover the corporate culture of a potential employer? The truth is that you will never really know the corporate culture until you have worked at the company for a number of months, but you can get close to it through research and observation. Understanding culture is a two-step process, starting with research before the interview and ending with observation at the interview.If you get a chance to meet with other employees, you can ask somequestions to try and geta handle on an organization's corporate culture. Such as:•What's it really like to work here?•What skills and characteristics does the company value?•How do people get promoted around here?•The bottom line is that you are going to spend a lot of time in the work environment ---and to be happy ,successful and productive, you’ll want to be in a place where you fit the culture ,a place where you can have avoice ,be respect and have opportunity for growth .Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionMany articles and books have been written in recent years about culture in organizations, usually referred to as "Corporate Culture". The dictionary defines culture as "the act of developing intellectual and moral faculties, especially through education". Some people define it as "the moral, social, and behavioral norms of an organization based on the beliefs, attitudes, and priorities of its members".Every organization has its own unique culture or value set. Most organizations don't consciously try to create a certain culture. The culture of the organization is typically created unconsciously, based on the values of the top management or the founders of an organization.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three timesExercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and complete the following paragraphs At its most basic, corporate culture is described as the personality of an organization. It guides how employees think, act, and feel. Corporate culture is a broad term used to define the unique personality or character of a particular company or organization, and includes such elements as core values and beliefs,corporate ethics, and rules of behavior. Corporate culture can also be expressedin the company's mission statement and other communications, in the architectural style or interior decoration of offices, by what people wear to work,by how people address each other, and in the titles given to various employees.A company's culture affects you in many ways, such as the working hours,the work environment, the dress code, the office space you get, the training andskills development you receive, onsite perks, the amount of time outside theoffice you're expected to spend with co-workers and interaction with other employees, including managers and top management.Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1.The truth is that you will never really know the corporate culture until youhave worked at the company for a number of months, but you can get close to it through research and observation. / Understanding culture is a two-step process, starting with research beforethe interview and ending with observation at the interview.If you get a chance to meet with other employees, you can ask some questions to try and get a handle on an organization's corporate culture. Such as:What's it really like to work here? What skills and characteristics does the company value? How do people get promoted around here?2.(Open)Section ThreeNewsNews Item 1On his way home from his first official visit to the United States, Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari stopped in London for two days of discussions.His first meeting was with British Prime Minister Gordon Brown at his official residence.At a joint news conference, Mr. Brown praised the current Pakistani army offensive against Taliban targets in the Swat valley.Because of this, Mr. Brown said Britain is pledging $18 million worth of additional humanitarian aid in the form of food, water, shelter and sanitation that will directed at those being displaced in the northwest.In addition to the aid, the prime minister said he expects much more cooperation between Britain and Pakistan over a wide range of issues. Mr. Brown said helping the effort to tackle terrorism in Pakistan and improving health and education there were important priorities for his government.Mr. Zardari said the fight against extremists in particular is a struggle that will not be solved overnight.Islamabad says 15,000 security troops have moved into the tribal areas. A．anti-Taliban campaign that British and Pakistani leaders discussed B． 1. He stopped in London for two days of discussions.2. British Prime Minister Gordon Brown3. He praised the current Pakistani army offensive against Taliban targets in the Swat valley.4. It included food, water, shelter and sanitation that will directed at those being displaced in the northwest.5. He said he expects much more cooperation between Britain and Pakistan over a wide range of issues.6. Helping the effort to tackle terrorism in Pakistan and improving health and education there were important priorities for his government.7. 15,000 security troops have moved into the tribal areas.News Item 2Israel-PalestinePalestinian witnesses and security sources said some 30 tanks and armored personnel carriers drove into the Tulkarem refugee camp around 3 a.m. The army did not say whether the gunman responsible for the attack on the kibbutz*was among those detained.The Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades of Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat's Fatah movement claimed responsibility for the killings. Mr Arafat says he has formed a committee to investigate the attack on the kibbutz.In Tuesday's action, the Israeli military also demolished the home of a Palestinian militant (Mohammed Naifan) they say is responsible for sending the gunman into Kibbutz Metzer.Israeli officials say the gunman came from Tulkarem but that he was following orders of AIAqsa leaders in Nablus. By midday Tuesday Palestinian witnesses were reporting that Israeli troops were gathering outside the West Bank town.Israeli authorities say Palestinian militants from Fatah and Hamas in Nablus are behind a series of attacks against Israelis over the past few months.The latest violence comes as US envoy* David Satterfield begins a visit to the region to work on a peace plan. He arrived in Israel Monday for separate talks with Israeli and Palestinian officials.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about Israel's response to Palestinian gunman's attack on the kibbutz.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.Palestinian witnesses and security sources said some 30 tanks and armored personnel carriers drove into the Tulkarem refugee camp around 3 a.m. The army did not say whether the gunman responsible for the attack on the kibbutz was among those detained.In Tuesday's action, the Israeli military also demolished the home of a Palestinian militant (Mohammed Naifan) they say is responsible for sending the gunman into Kibbutz Metzer.The latest violence comes as US envoy David Satterfield begins a visit to the region to work on a peace plan. He arrived in Israel Monday for separate talks with Israeli and Palestinian officials.News Item 3Officials say there are no easy, quick or purely military solutions to the Somali piracy problem. But the top U.S. military officer, Admiral Mike Mullen, told ABC's Good Morning America television program Tuesday the taking and rescue of the American cargo ship captain led him to order a new effort to find ways to effectively deal with the pirates. Admiral Mullen and Defense Secretary Robert Gates say there is no purely military solution to the Somali piracy problem. Piracy continues to rise, even as navy ships from 16 nations patrol the area. And Gates said Monday that the problem is "probably going to get worse" until the international community can, in his words, "get something on land thatbegins to change the equation" for the "incredible number of poor people" in Somalia, some of whom turn to piracy.Efforts by some ship owners to secure their ships have had some success. They have installed barbed wire, removed ladders and changed their routes, among other steps. But there has been resistance to proposals to put armed guards on commercial ships. Corporations have paid tens of millions of dollars for the safe return of ships and their crews in the area in recent years. Last year, there were 111 piracy incidents in the region, triple the number the previous year. And this year, there have already been nearly 70 incidents.A. the US looking for new approaches to Somali piracyB.F, T ,F ,T ,FSection FourSupplementary ExercisePart1 Feature ReportIranian government TV says that the country's new nuclear energy chief, Ali Akbar Salehi is urging the West to end hostilities with Tehran and to start building trust."Legal and technical discussions about Iran's nuclear case have finished," he insists, "and there is no room left to keep this case open.""We hope," he added, "that more efforts will be made [by the West] to obtain mutual confidence, instead of the last six years of hostility."They were Salehi's first comments to the media, since being appointed by President Mahmoud Ahmedinejad, Friday, following the resignation of veteran nuclear negotiator Gholam Reza Aghazadeh.The soft-spoken Salehi was educated at the American University of Beirut and holds a doctorate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Salehi is Iran's former envoy to the International Atomic Energy Agency and signed aprotocol allowing for freer inspections of Iran's nuclear sites. His appointment appears to be something of a gesture to the U.S.Neither the U.S., nor the other members of the so-called Group of five-plus-one, including the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, plus Germany, however, are likely to agree with Salehi about the closure of Tehran's nuclear file.U.S. President Barack Obama warned Tehran, during the G-8 summit in Italy, that the world is giving it until September to comply with U.N. resolutions over its controversial nuclear program.Iran has persistently refused to stop enriching uranium, and the West fears that it will use highly enriched uranium to build atomic weapons.The Iranian government, however, continues to insist that its nuclear program is intended for peaceful, civilian purposes, alone.Iran analyst Meir Javedanfar of the MEEPAS (Middle East Economic and Political Analysis) center in Tel Aviv argues that Tehran is hardening its position over its nuclear dossier, in response to Western criticism over its violent crackdown against its own people following the June 12 presidential elections."I think Ayatollah Khamenei is sending the message that the more we are pushed on other fronts, the more we're going to adjust the balance in our favor, and one area is the nuclear program, because Khamenei knows how important the nuclear program is to the West, especially to President Obama," he said."So, I think this is kind of a backlash against what Iran sees as Western interference in its own affairs. I also think that the Iranian government still sees the West as divided and there's not much the West can do at the moment to stop Iran's nuclear program, so they're toughening their policy and they want to see what the reaction will be, if the reaction is going to be hard or if the West is going to come up with an even [better] offer," he added.Javedanfar, however, believes that those who are seeking a compromise with Iran should not despair completely, because Iranian leaders are pragmatists, and may at the end of the day be ready for an agreement.Iranian Foreign Minister Manuchehr Motaki said one week ago that Tehran was preparing to present a "new package" of proposals, concerning what he called "international, security and political issues," to the West for talks.Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has also warned the West that Tehran would weigh their criticism over its crackdown on protesters following the June 12 election, in assessing future relations with their countries. A．This news report is about Salehi’s and the Iranian government’s attitude towards nuclear case.B: Directions: Listen to the program again and complete the followin g sentences.Iranian Nuclear energy ChiefName: Ali Akbar SalehiEducation:Salehi was educated at the American university of Beirut and holds a doctorate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Previous positionSalehi is Iran’s former envoy to the international Atomic Energy Agency.His comments on Iranian nuclear programLegal and technical discussions about Iran's nuclear case have finishe d. And there is no room left to keep this case open.We hope that more efforts will be made [by the West] to obtain mutu al confidence, instead of the last six years of hostility.1. The so-called Group of five-plus-one are not likely to agree with Sa lehi about the closure of Tehran’s nuclear file.2. U.S. president Barak Obama warned Tehran that the world is givi ng it untilSeptember to comply with U.N. resolutions over its controversial nucl ear program during the G-8 summit in Italy.3. Iranian Foreign Minister Manuchehr Motaki said one week ago th at Tehran was preparing to present a "new package" of proposals, co ncerning what he called "international, security and political issues," to the West for talksPart 2 PassageGlobalization1)The World Trade Organization is among the most powerful, and one of themost secretive international bodies on earth.2)Globalization is not a phenomenon. It is not just some passing trend.3)Used properly, fire can cook food, sterilize equipment, form iron, and heatour homes. Used carelessly, it can destroy lives, towns and forests in aninstant.4)Globalization has dangers and an ugly dark side. But it can also bringtremendous opportunities and benefits.5)They will see globalization not as something to worship or demonize. Instead,they will see it as something to mold, shape and manage for the betterment of everyone.Globalization is the present worldwide drive toward a globalized economic system dominated by supranational* corporate trade and banking institutions that are not accountable to democratic processes or national governments.The World Trade Organization (WTO) is among the most powerful, and one of the most secretive international bodies on earth. It is rapidly assuming the role of global government, as 134 nation-states, including the US, have ceded* to its vast authority and powers. The WTO represents the rules-based regime of the policy of economic globalization. The central operating principle of the WTO is that commercial interests should supersede* all others. Any obstacles in the path of operations and expansion of global business enterprise must be subordinated. In practice these "obstacles" are usually policies or democratic processes that act on behalf of working people, labor rights, environmental protection, human rights, consumer rights, social justice, local culture, and national sovereignty.Globalization is not a phenomenon. It is not just some passing trend. Today it is an overarching international system shaping the domestic politics and foreign relations of virtually every country, and we need to understand it as such.As thoughtful people concerned about world affairs, our job is to pick up "globalization", examine it from all sides, dissect* it, figure out what makes ittick, and then nurture and promote the good parts and mitigate* or slow down the bad parts. Globalization is much like fire.Fire itself is neither good nor bad. Used properly, it can cook food, sterilize equipment, form iron, and heat our homes. Used carelessly, fire can destroy lives, towns and forests in an instant. As Friedman* says:"Globalization can be incredibly empowering and incredibly coercive*. It can democratize opportunity and democratize panic. It makes the whales bigger and the minnows* stronger. It leaves you behind faster and faster, and it catches up to you faster and faster. While it is homogenizing* cultures, it is also enabling people to share their unique individuality farther and wider."Globalization has dangers and an ugly dark side. But it can also bring tremendous opportunities and benefits. Just as capitalism requires a network of governing systems to keep it from devouring societies, globalization requires vigilance and the rule of law.Antitrust laws, the Securities and Exchange Commission, labor unions, charities, the Federal Trade Commission, and countless other agencies and organizations keep American capitalism in check. Similar transparent mechanisms are needed to make sure globalization is a positive force in the world.Globalization will always have cheerleaders who are blind to the destruction globalization can cause. And it will always have strident* opponents blind to the way globalization gives some people their first opportunity to fulfill basicaspirations.As with most issues, the majority of people will be in the middle. They will see globalization not as something to worship or demonize. Instead, they will see it as something to mold, shape and manage for the betterment of everyone.Exercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.1. Milton Friedman says, "Globalization can be incredibly empowering and incredibly coercive. It can democratize opportunity and democratize panic. It makes the whales bigger and the minnows stronger. It leaves you behind faster and faster, and it catches up to you faster and faster. While it is homogenizing cultures, it is also enabling people to share their unique individuality farther and wider."2.(Open)。
现代大学英语听力Unit 6 Book 1答案
Unit 6 Houses and HomesT ask 1ScriptMy dream house is not very big but not very small. It is very quiet and it is near the centre of the city.I imagine a large garden with pets including three dogs and two cats. I dream of a large kitchen and a comfortable living room with a big sofa and big windows. I like brightly-lit rooms.There are only two floors, with two bedrooms and two bathrooms. The furniture is modem and not dark. I would like to have a hobbies room with plenty of books and maps on the walls.Finally, I would like to have a small swimming pool for the summer and a good sauna for the winter.This is my dream house.KeyFill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.See the Script.T ask 2ScriptRod: Hello. Is that Oxford 40414?Mary: Y es it is.Rod: Erm... I'm enquiring about the flat which was advertised in the local paper.Mary: Oh yes?Rod: Wonder if you could tell me, how much is the rent a month, please?Mary: It's￡112.Rod: I see. Is it fairly near the city centre?Mary: Y es, it's only about a kilometre away.Rod: I see. Is it quite handy for the shops?Mary: Y es, within a minute or two on foot.Rod: What about a garden?Mary: Well you have the use of the garden.Rod: I see. And central heating, is there?Mary: Y es, yes. Gas central heating.Rod: I see. Erm... how many rooms are there, please?Mary: Well, there's one very large bed-sitting room, a kitchen and bathroom and a small hall.Rod: I see. Erm... which floor is it on?Mary: On the first floor.Rod: Oh good. Erm... would it be possible for me to visit it tomorrow, say about 5 o'clock?Mary: Yes, certainly.Rod: Oh good. That's fine. Could you just give me your name, please? Mary: Y es. The name is Mary Jones [Y es.] and the address is 41 North Parade.Rod: 41 North Parade. Fine. Thanks ever so much. I'll see you tomorrow at 5 o'clock then.Mary: Y es. [OK?] Good.Rod: Bye-bye.Mary: Goodbye.KeyA. Fill in the following chart.B. Decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) according tothe tape.l) Rod has learnt something about the flat from an advertisement in a local newspaper. [T]2) Rod will have no access to the garden when he moves in. [F]3) It's a two-bedroom flat. [F]4) Rod says he will go and visit the landlady tomorrow morning. [F] Task 3ScriptMr. Henschel is talking about his house.Interviewer: Mr. Henschel, you're from Germany, and you're now living in Thailand.Mr. Henschel: Y es, that's right. I built this house eight years ago. Interviewer: Why did you choose a traditional Thai house?Mr. Hensche l: Because I collect Thai antiques and I think they look best in a traditional house.Interviewer: It's really very beautiful. And very cool here in the garden.What's above us?Mr. Hensche: There's a large, open verandah above us. See? There's an opening here. Y ou can see the sky.Interviewer: And someone on the verandah can look into the garden. Mr. Henschel: That's right. That's the living room, at the front of the house, with the stairs next to it. There's a toilet under thestairs and next to that is the study.Interviewer: What else is there on the ground floor?Mr. Henschel: There's a dining room at the back of the house, across from the study.Interviewer: And upstairs?Mr. Henschel: The bedrooms, and the verandah. The main bedroom is above the living room. But I don't need a lot of bedrooms.I just need room for my antiques.Interviewer: But where's the kitchen?Mr. Henschel: The kitchen is outside, there, in the other building. Thai houses are often like that. Then the heat and the cookingsmells aren't in the house.KeyChoose the best answer to each of the following questions.l) Mr. Henschel is from (b)a) England b) Germany c) Thailand d) America2) The word "verandah" in the interview most likely means (c)a) a window through which one can look into the gardenb) a special type of bedroomc) an open area with a floor and a roof that is built on the side of a housed) a kitchen separate from the main building3) Why did Mr. Henschel choose a traditional Thai house? (d)a) The kitchen is outside the main buildingb) He tries to look like a native Thai.c) A Thai house is very beautiful and coold) The Thai antiques he has collected will look best in such a house.4) Which of the following statements is NOT true? (d)a) There are some stairs next to the living room.b) The study is next to the toilet.c) There is a dining room at the back of the house.d) The bedrooms are on the ground floor.T ask 4ScriptElectricity comes through an underground cable. Then a thin cable enters your home through a special box, called a fuse box, and a meter. This meter counts units of electricity, and at the end of a month or a quarter your parents pay their electricity bill. Different wires go from the meter to all the rooms in your house or flat. Y ou cannot see these wires because they are under the floors or in the walls. Some wires are for thelights in the ceiling, and others are for all our machines. We use electricity for refrigerators, cookers, water heaters and washing machines. What does your family use electricity for?KeyAnswer the following questions.l) Describe how electricity comes into home.Key: Electricity comes through an underground cable. Then a thin cable enters our home through a fuse box and a meter.2) What is the use of a meter?Key: The meter counts units of electricity.3) Can you normally see the wires? Why or why not?Key: No. Because they are normally under the floors or in the walls. 4) What do we often use electricity for?Key: Usually for refrigerators, cookers, water heaters and washing machines.T ask 5Script1) Something's definitely wrong. It's not cooling properly. The food that I put in it yesterday was spoiled by today.2) It's been out of order for several hours. I can’t get a dial tone. I'd like toget it fixed as soon as possible because I have to make some important business calls.3) I wish you could fix the central heating in there. When I go to bed at night it's so cold that I can't get to sleep.4) It hasn't been heating right for some time. Sometimes it gets too hot and burns everything. Other times it doesn't get hot enough, and things don't get cooked.5) It's been driving me crazy all summer! It keeps breaking down and itdoesn't keep the room cool. It's so hot in this room most of the time that I can hardly breathe.KeyWhat is each speaker talking about? Choose the best answer.1) a) stove b) refrigerator c) air conditioner (b)2) a) radio b) telephone c) television (b)3) a) bedroom b) living room c) kitchen (a)4) a) stove b) dryer c) central heating (a)5) a) central heating b) lamp c) air conditioner c)T ask 6ScriptWhen Mrs. Kienast's quintuplets were born, they were too small toleave the hospital. They couldn't leave the hospital until they weighed enough. During the time when the babies were in the hospital, Mrs. Kienast was busy at home.After the Kienasts' neighbors learned of the quintuplets' birth, they decided to add some extra rooms to the family's house. The house was too small for a big family. It had only five rooms. The neighbors decided to add seven more. They are giving their labor without pay because they want to help.KeyAnswer the following questions.1) Give a title to the story.Key: The House Was Not Big Enough/The Kienasts' Housing Problem 2) Can you tell us what the word "quintuplets" probably means incontext?Key: It means five (or several) children born of the same mother at the same time.3) Why did Mrs. Kienast's babies have to stay in the hospital for some days?Key: They were too small to leave the hospital.4) What did the neighbors decide to do when knowing the babies' birth? Key: They decided to add some extra rooms to the Kienasts' house.5) How many rooms would the house have after being rebuilt?Key: 12.6) Will the Kienasts pay their neighbors? Why or why not?Key: No. The neighbours want to help them.T ask 7ScriptMary Fargo and Pete Russell are talking about how they feel about their house, now that they've finished renovating it.Mary: Yes, yes. I really feel that it was all worth it now. When people come to see it, they always say they love it, andthat we've done a super job, and it's good to hear that.Pete:I sometimes walk around and just touch various things--some of these books are very rare and they'relovely to hold--here, feel this leather cover. I think a houseshould be all about the senses. I hear Mary working out inthe morning on her exercise bar, or playing the piano. Itreally sounds like a home as well.Mary: I think I have two favourite rooms--the music room is here.We had the carpet specially made. Y ou can feel thethickness of it, even in shoes. It's an informal sitting room,really. A lot of our favourite things are in this room.Sometimes, after a heavy day, I like to just sit here andlook at the paintings, or play the piano, or listen to music.My other favourite is the breakfast room because it's sobright and cheery, and in the summer we throw thewindows open and I can hear the birds, or Pete playingwith the dog.Pete: Someone asked me the other day if I could bear to do it all again.Interviewer: And what did you say?Pete: Well of course, it's all worthwhile in the end. But to tell you the truth, I was almost sad when it was finished. Well, youknow that, I wondered what I was going to do next. I loveddesigning the curtains for example. And I liked doing thewallpaper. And it was especially good because we weredoing it for ourselves. I hated doing some of the mundanethings, though.Mary: I think it's a question of degree, really. I like some types of shopping. I love shopping for antiques, for example. Andchoosing furniture and fabrics. I like doing that. What I hatedoing is ordinary day-to-day shopping. I love shopping for adinner party, for example. Going into all the small specialityshops, the cheese shop, the fishmonger's and so on. But Ihate shopping for washing powder, for example. I don't likedoing the ordinary boring things.KeyAnswer the following questions:1) Why does Mary say, "I really feel that it was all worth it now"?Key: She and Pete have worked hard for renovating their house. Now it's finished, and looks nice. Others say they have done a good job. So she thinks it's worthwhile.2) Pete says "a house should be all about the senses." In his opinion, is their house a good one by this standard? Why or why not?Key: Y es, he thinks so. In the house, he can touch various things (e.g. the leather cover of a rare book), and hear Mary working out in the morning, or playing the piano.3) What are Mary's two favourite rooms?Key: The music room and the breakfast room.4) Why was Pete almost sad when the renovation was finished?Key: He loved doing those interesting things, such as designing curtains, but hated doing ordinary, uninteresting things. Perhaps, after the renovation, there wouldn't be so many interesting things.5) What's Mary's attitudes towards shopping?Key: She likes some kinds of shopping, like buying antiques, but hatesordinary day-to-day shopping.T ask 8ScriptIn recent years, there have been important social and economic changes in the United States. And, these changes have affected almost all of America's housing system, from home building to home buying.First of all, American families are growing smaller. People today are having fewer children, or choosing not to have children at all. Many people are marrying later in life. And, about 40 percent of all American marriages end in divorce.All this means that many Americans now want smaller houses. And, a larger percentage are buying apartments.This has created a shortage of rental housing in many parts of the country. It has caused special difficulties for those who are old or poor, and do not have the money to buy a place of their own.Some people are solving this problem by forming cooperatives. In a cooperative, everyone in an apartment building joins together and buys a share of the building. If 20 percent of those living in the cooperative have low earnings, then the group can get a low-interest loan from the government. If people want to sell their share in the cooperative, they cannot receive more than they paid for it. This helps keep the cost ofcooperatives low.Recent concern over the cost of energy also has brought changes in American housing. Some people are moving back to the cities, to save the cost of driving long distances to work. And, many Americans have begun to seek homes that cost less to heat and light. Some homes are being built underground. They cost almost nothing to heat, because the temperature of the earth changes very little as the seasons change.Other new houses get their energy from the sun. During the day, heat from sunlight is collected through windows on the south side of the house. At night, the windows are covered, and the collected warmth heats the home.Recently, the American economy has also had a major effect on American housing. Inflation has pushed the cost of homes higher and higher. And, interest rates have become very high. Buyers now must pay as much as 18 percent interest for housing loans.Americans with just moderate earnings now find it very difficult to make monthly payments on a new home. In the last few months, even apartments have grown too costly for most people to buy.KeyA. Fill in the missing words in the outline,Main idea: Effects of social and economic changes on America'shousing system.1. Impact of increasingly smaller families:1) greater demand for smaller houses or apartments;2) a shortage of rental housing;3) people solving the problem by forming cooperatives.2. Impact of the rising energy prices:1) some people moving back to cities;2) many seeking homes that cost less to heat and light;3) some homes built underground;4) other houses getting their energy from the sun.3. Impact of economy/economic factors:1) the cost of homes getting higher and higher due to inflation;2) higher interest for housing loans.B. Answer the following questions.1) What is a cooperative?Key: It is a way of solving housing problem and helping keep the cost low. In the cooperative, everyone buys a share of an apartment building. If a low-earning requirement is met, the buyers can get a low-interest loan from the government.2) How can houses get energy from the sun?Key: During the day, heat from sunlight is collected through windows on the south side of the house. At night, the windows are covered, andthe collected warmth heats the home.Task 9ScriptMike: Hello everyone, and welcome to this month's edition of Debate on Radio Time, the programme for students of English round theworld. With me in the studio today I have four guests, James andAlice from Sheffield, and David and Louise from a small villagein Y orkshire. How does living in a town compare with living inthe country? What do they all think? Let's start with you, James. James: Living in a town like Sheffield is wonderful. There is so much to do. My parents often go to the theatre or the cinema. I belong to ayouth club and go to lots of discos. There's a good swimming poolat the Sports Centre and a large library. Public transport is good,so it's easy to get from one place to another. I live very near myschool, so I can walk there, and it's easy to visit my friends. Mike: So you're very happy. What about you, Alice?Alice: Well, James is right in many ways. But I don't like living in town.It's very noisy with all the traffic, and rather dirty. I like going forlong walks in the fresh air, but we've only got parks. I cycle toSchool to get some exercise but it's rather dangerous, and cardrivers shout at you. I don't really like discos or cinemas. I likeopen fields and a peaceful life.Mike: So you're a country girl at heart? Do you agree with her, David? David:Yes, I do. Y ou're closer to nature in the country and it's much quieter. Y ou can watch the plants and animals change with the seasons, and there's more room to play out of doors. And people are more friendly. They seem to have more time, so they stop and talk to you. There's less traffic too, so the air stays fresh.Mike: Do you agree with David, Louise?Louise: Not really. I think life in the country is very dull. It's too quiet.And you can't really play anywhere because the fields are full ofcrops and animals. There is less traffic, but people drive very faston country roads, so they are quite dangerous. I don't likeanimals. The nearest youth club is ten miles away. The worstthing is that I have to get up very early. Public transport is verybad in the country, so I have to catch a special school bus fromthe other end of the village. All my school friends live indifferent villages, and it's difficult to see them out of school.Life's much better in town.Mike: Well, we don't agree. Two for and two against. Well, where is it best to live? Can you think of any more points? Have a debate inyour class and take a vote. Now it's goodbye from James, Alice,David and Louise.All: Goodbye, everybody.Mike: Thank you for joining us and until next Radio Time. Goodbye from me.KeyA. Answer the following questions.1) What is the programme called?Key: Debate on Radio Time.2) How many guests are in the studio? Who are they? Where are they from?Key: Four guests are in the studio. James and Alice are from Sheffield;David and Lousie are from a small village in Y orkshire.3) What's the topic for today's debate?Key: The topic is how living in town compares with living in the country.B. Fill in the following chart.T ask 10ScriptWell, I think I'd prefer to live in a village because.., well, I think the people are friendly and there's a lot of fresh air. I think life generally is healthier in a village and I like being close to nature. And it's very easy for my work as a writer to have peace and quiet.Well, I'd prefer to live in a city because there's more going on. Er... being an actress, I need to go to the cinema and the theatre and there's far more entertainment in the city than there is in the country, of course. I also like it because.., um... people are more open-minded. People don't.., um... mind what you do in the city. And for the shopping as well, I mean, I love going to the village shop but the stores and shops in London can't compare with anything.Y es, well, I prefer living in a village. It's safer than a city and there's less crime and of course there's less traffic, so it's much more pleasant. Then, it's much cheaper than the city. There are.., you know, rents are cheaper and so of course are house prices. It's quiet, it's.., it's peaceful. Y es, I much prefer living in a village.Y es you. Think of the children Roger. It seems to me that you're so... so carried away with the idea.., that you're going to... the idea of buying a house at long last that.., well.., your personal likes and dislikes are.., are making you anything but practical. Alex for example. He'll be going to secondary school next year. And as far as I'm concerned the nearer the school the better. Have you read the description of your beautiful village house? Where is it? Y es, here we are. "Local primary school within walking distance" it says. That of course means that the nearest secondary school will be in Colchester.KeyWrite down each speaker’s main point and main arguments, and discuss them with your partner about these viewpoints.First speaker:Second speaker:Third speaker:Fourth speaker:TipsIn this task we will have more discussions about city life and country life. It is more challenging, for the recordings are close to our authentic, real-life situations. Pay attention to features of spokenEnglish (e.g. contraction, pause, filler, etc.) in this exercise.Try to understand some difficult phrases or sentences from contexts, e.g."---... I love going to the village shop but the stores and shops in London can't compare with anything (in Paragraph 2). (It means no shops or stores can match those in London, which are the best.)... your personal likes and dislikes are.., are making you anything but practical. (This implies 'you're not practical.')"For Paragraph 3, the main points are not given explicitly, so some inferences have to be drawn when taking notes.After listening, do some oral work on this topic.T ask 11ScriptIs it better to rent furniture or to buy your own home furnishings?Today, many young people are renting instead of buying, and furniture rental is one of the fastest-growing businesses in the United States. The reason for this trend is quite simple. People prefer to wait until they have enough money to buy furniture that they really like instead of buying used or cheap furniture. Renting has another advantage too. It saves people the cost of moving their furniture to other parts of the country when they relocate.KeyFill in the blanks with what you hear on the tape.See the Script.T ask 12ScriptFor many years, owning a home has been an important part of the American dream. Since the end of World War II, that dream has come true for a growing number of Americans. Just before the war, less than half of all families in the United States owned their own homes. Today, about 65 percent do.Americans also are living in newer homes than at any other time in American history. The average home today is about 23 years old.Many of these new houses are in suburban areas, just outside America'scities. About 30 years ago, builders started putting up houses in these areas by the hundreds, and sold them as quickly as they could build them. Today, 35 percent of all Americans live in suburban housing areas that did not exist 30 years ago. The remaining 65 percent are divided about equally, between cities and small towns.)。
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Unit 6Task 1【答案】A.In the five short advertisements, sofa beds, a women’s magazine, a car buyer’s magazine, a kind of soap and a radio programme on music are advertised.B. 1) a) 2) c) 3) b) 4) d) 5) c)C. 1) T 2) F 3) F【原文】1) At Simply Sofabeds at Notting Hill Gate we're lowering our prices—for Christmas. Masses of sofa beds for immediate delivery. We're open six days a week, with viewing on Sunday. So celebrate Christmas early this year with a Simply Sofabeds sofa bed at a price that's right. Simply Sofabeds!2) Could there really be a woman's magazine that's different? Yes. It's called Prima. It's packed with news, opinion, fashion and once again there's a free giant pull-out section with clothes to make, crafts to create, beautiful sweaters to knit. Get your second, value-packed issue of Prima!3) Car Buyer magazine. Every Thursday. It gives you a choice of more new and used cars than all of your local papers put together—and for less. Car Buyer for car buyers. At your newsagent's now.4) Girls! Sensitive skin really does need more sensitive care. And I take special care of my sensitive skin with Cuticura soap. Because Cuticura soap contains a medicated ingredient which cleans your skin without leaving it dry or tight. Cuticura medicated soap. From chemists everywhere.5) Hello. This is Bob Harris inviting you to join me this Friday and every Friday evening for the LBC "Pop Review". I play the best of the recent releases, review the British and the American charts, play classic music by the big stars and new tracks by the names of tomorrow. So it's a real mix of different styles and I'm sure you'll love the music. I'd certainly love to have your company. This Friday evening at half past nine. Right here on LBC.Task 2【答案】A.【原文】When you stretch out in the sun you can do one of these three things.You can use no suntan oil. You can use an ordinary suntan oil. Or you can use Bergasol.If you don't use any suntan oil at all when you're in the sun that is stronger than you're used to, you will bum surprisingly quickly.If you use an ordinary suntan oil you will protect your skin to a lesser or greater degree. How much depends on the "protection-factor number" on the bottle. Some of these oils block out so many of the sun's rays you can stay in the sun all day without burning—but you won't go very brown, either.Bergasol will protect your skin like an ordinary suntan oil. But Bergasol oil also has a tan accelerator which comes from the oil of the bergamot fruit.It speeds up the rate at which the sun activates the skin cells that produce melanin.And it is melanin which gives the skin its brown color.So when you use Bergasol suntan oil you go brown faster, and as the days pass the difference will become more and more obvious.Unfortunately this special formula isn't cheap. So Bergasol is rather more expensive than ordinary suntan oil.However the price looks more attractive as you do.Task 3【答案】A.1) b) 2) c) 3) a) 4) a) 5) d)B.1) F 2) T 3) F【原文】The insane laughter faded away behind me. To one side of the clearing sat a deserted house, as derelict and forgotten as the people who once lived there.The door opened, and I was in the front room, a room so dark I felt I could reach out and run my fingers through its inky stillness.From outside the window came the sounds of the night. Owls. Crickets. And from across the room.., drip, drip, drip.My eyes, adjusting to the light, made out what appeared to be a coat hanging from a hat rack, but as the haze dissolved I saw that from the neck of the coat stared the lifeless face of Kuperman, his eyes frozen in horror. A shrieking laugh, as inescapable as a nightmare, rang out around me.My heart, already shaking in the cage of my chest, exploded as a hand fell upon my shoulder."So how do you like the Mitsubishi Home Theater's surround sound?" asked the sales guy."Uhh, great." I said, as I stumbled to the door of the showroom for a breath of fresh air.Task 4【答案】A.TV Advertisements in BritainTV Programmes in Britain【原文】Bob: You are not still watching television, are you?Andre: Yes, I am. I enjoy it. The camera work was very good. It looked like the work of real experts. Er... do you know the history of television in Britain?Bob: Oh, television came to Britain in the year 1936.Andre: Ah!Bob: Only in the London area at that time, though. There wasn't any television during the Second World War. It was started up again afterwards. The BBC was the organization responsible for it.Andre: What do the initials BBC stand for?Bob: The British Broadcasting Corporation. It's a public corporation. It isn't controlled by the government, but it's not a private company either. That means that the government can't use the BBC for propaganda purposes, and nor can private individuals or firms.Andre: Is advertising allowed on the BBC?Bob: No, though some satellite channels get more autonomy. ITV gets its money from advertising, though.Andre: ITV?Bob: ITV stands for Independent Television. It was started in 1954—again in the London area. It covers the whole country now, though.Andre: Why does everything start in London?Bob: Well... it's the capital after all—and the largest centre of population. If you start up a public service—like TV—there, it gets to as many people as possible to start with.Andre: What do people think of the advertisements on television?Bob: It depends. A lot of people think it's a good idea because it means that television can pay its way—ITV gets all its money from advertisements.Andre: What about the BBC?Bob: You have to buy a TV license and that money goes to the BBC. A lot of people don't like having to pay and wish that there were advertisements on the BBC too.On the other hand, other people hate TV advertising because they think it's an insult to their intelligence.Andre: Mm. The advertisements are very subtle, then?Bob: Well... some aren't, anyway. Lots of people go to the kitchen to make a cup of tea when the adverts are on... or take their dog for a walk.Andre: I see. What do you think of your television programmes? Do you like watching them? The programme we've just seen was okay, but what about television in general?Bob: Well, you know how you foreigners say our policemen are wonderful? It's... Andre: Do they? I didn't know they did.Bob: American tourists are supposed to say that, anyway. Well, as I was going to say, people from overseas are supposed to say that sort of thing about our television as well. Personally, I think the BBC has invented that story. There are some pretty awful programmes on TV, but some are quite good.Andre: What sort of things do you watch yourself?Bob: I watch mainly news programmes. And I like old films, too.Andre: Old films? I don't see how you can criticize television if you just watch old films.You might just as well go to the cinema.Bob: Oh—not on your life, the cinema costs money. Besides, it's a lot more trouble going out than staying at home. And I like old films, not new ones. There are a lot of other people like me, too.Andre: Mm, reasonable enough, I suppose.Bob: And it's not just films that people would rather watch on TV. Fewer people go to football matches nowadays, for instance. They prefer to watch them on TV. Andre: Surely it's not as good on television as it is in real life?Bob: Oh, you lose a bit of the atmosphere, of course, and you don't feel part of the occasion in the same way as you do when you're actually there. But you get a much better view of the game on television, and you don't have to move from your armchair.Andre: Ah... well, thank you very much. What's on next?Bob: Oh, my goodness. Some people don't ever do anything but watch television and ask questions!Task 5【答案】A.1) b a d c2) c b d a3) a d b c4) b a c dB.certain changes were to be made in the office and some workers would probably be moved to other positions, see if there were any chance for her, she was moved to ahigher position, find a job fro herself, became the person advertising jobs for othersC.frowned, was amazed, was more alarmed and seriously worried【原文】Cecilia was reading the details of a job that was being advertised."Applications are invited for the post of Personal Assistant to the Manager of this large London export firm. Candidates should be experienced in all branches of office work and should be qualified in shorthand and typewriting. The successful candidate must be prepared to work alone and will be expected to travel."The person appointed will be asked to join the company's insurance scheme and will be permitted to use a company car. Three weeks' annual paid holiday will be allowed. Salary will be calculated according to experience."Application forms may be obtained from the address below and should be returned within three weeks. An interview will be held in London and candidates will be called for interview before the end of this month. Travel expenses for candidates coming from outside London can be claimed at the time of interview."Jason arrived home and looked over Cecilia's shoulder. "I heard today," she said, with a sigh, "that certain changes are going to be made in the office and that some of us are going to be moved. And since we might be put anywhere, I thought I'd find out what jobs were being publicized."The following evening when Jason came home he found Cecilia sitting at the table which was covered with papers advertising many different jobs. Over her shoulder he read:"An assistant editor will be required in September. Applicants should be experienced and prepared to work late hours. A good salary will be paid monthly into a bank for the right candidate. The successful applicant will be appointed for two years in the first case. Application forms, which should be sent in before July 31st, may be obtained from the address below."Jason frowned and turned to the next advertisement, which read:"Temporary typists will be needed during the next six months for several departments. Applicants should be trained and qualified. Inexperienced typists may be appointed but must be prepared to be trained. Application forms, obtainable from the address below, should be filled in by each applicant in her own handwriting and returned before July 31st. All applicants will be interviewed..."Amazed, Jason glanced from paper to paper, becoming more alarmed as he read:"Daily cleaners will be required…lunches may be provided…candidates will be expected to pass a medical examination…salary will be paid weekly…ladders and other equipment will be provided…applications should be received before J uly 31st..."Seriously worded now, Jason sat down. "You don't really need to think about somany jobs, do you?"Cecilia turned to him. "I told you some of us were going to be moved," she said. "I've been put in a new office at a higher salary and now I'm the one who writes out the details for all the jobs that are going to be advertised. It's fun."Task 6【答案】A. 1) d) 2) d) 3) b) 4) d)B. 1) F 2) T 3) TC. insulted, intimidated, victim, patient, please, this treatment, be attacked and robbed, using force, badly, hurt her deeply, a university degree, a well paid job, the best car in the street, money in my pocket, his children and their mother, abused his position, badly, smart, change his ways, lose his family's love【原文】About four years ago I was attacked on the street, knocked down and my bag stolen. All my friends and family were very sympathetic and helped me go to the police to report it. Now I am a victim again, but this time it is my husband who is assaulting me—hitting, insulting and intimidating me. Yet my family doesn't see me as a victim now. They say if I was more patient and tried harder to please my husband he wouldn't beat me. But I don't think I deserve this treatment—just like I didn't deserve to be attacked and robbed.Physical assault is a crime whether it happens in the home or on the street. Build family respect and harmony; speak out against domestic violence.I might have a university degree, a well paid job, the best car in the street and money in my pocket—but I don't have what I value most in life—my children and their mother. I was a fool to think that by using force I could control those I loved. I admit I treated her badly and hurt her deeply. I thought that the children didn't know what was happening, but of course they did. Children can sense unhappiness in their mother.Now when I look back on it, I realize that a home which has violence and disrespect scares away love and happiness. Domestic violence causes family destruction.It was so hard coming to a new country, with a new life, and everything so different.I felt like everything was out of my control. Except in my home and family—at least there I could be boss. But I abused my position as head of the household and treated my wife badly. My wife—she's pretty smart—she got some information about the Australian law which says what I am doing is illegal.Jeez, I don't want to end up in the court system with the police on my back! No way! I've got my kids to think about. I'm going to change my ways—before it's too late and I lose my family's love.Love builds harmony in the family. Domestic violence destroys everything.Task 7【答案】A. 1) d) 2) a) 3) d)B. 1) F 2) F 3) T 4) TC. self, yourself, consecutive, accomplishment, on, off, effective, patterns, marketable skills, accomplishmentsD.1) This is a statement about your personality rather than your skill areas.2) You should not apologize in your resume.3) This information about your educational background is better not mentioned, since it is not a strong point.4) The positive side of this experience is not adequately explored.5) This statement is not specific about your strong points.【原文】The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiar “tombstone” that lists where you went to school and where you’ve worked in chronological order. The other is what I call the “functional” resume—descriptive, fun to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview.It’s handy to have a “tombstone” for certain occasions. But prospective employers throw away most of those unrequested “tombstone” lists, preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead.What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get read—a resume that makes you come alive and look interesting to employers.Put yourself first. In order to write a resume others will read with enthusiasm, you have to feel important about yourself.Sell what you can do, not who you are. Practice translating your personality traits, character, accomplishments and achievements into skill areas. There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work.Toot your own horn! Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities. Some think they have none at all! But everyone does. And one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punch—if only you show it.Be specific, be concrete, and be brief!Turn bad news into good. Everybody has had disappointments in work. If you have to mention yours, look for the positive side.Never apologize. If you’ve returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent, simply write a short paragraph (summary of background) in place of a chronology of experie nce. Don’t apologize for working at being a mother; it’s the hardest job of all. If you have no special training or higher education, just don’t mention education.How to psych yourself up? The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. Take four or five hours off, not necessarily consecutive, and simply write down every accomplishment in your life, on or off the job, that made you feel effective. Don’t worry at first about what it all means. Study the list and try to spot patterns. As you study your list, you will come closer to the meaning: identifying your marketable skills. Once you discover patterns, give names to your cluster of accomplishments (leadership skills, budget management skills, child development skills, etc.). Try to list at least three accomplishments under the same skills heading. Now start writing your resume as if you mattered. It may take four drafts or more, and several weeks, before you’ve ready to show it to a stranger (friends are usually too kind) for a reaction. When you’ve satisfied, send it to a printer; a printed resume is far superior to photocopies. It shows an employer that you regard job hunting as serious work, worth doing right.Isn’t that the kind of person you’d want working for you?Task 8【答案】Ⅰ. increase your sales, travel very fast, secure and safeⅡ.A.a web page, your past customers’ testimonies, link to their email address, a potentialcustomer can email them and verify the testimony, have the opportunity to speak with the past customers and find out all the great things about service or product, those who log onto your websites can in turn talk to their friends and this could tumble like a domino effect.B. your newsletter, visit your siteC. answer your potential customers' questions, This will answer their questions, This canshow them how good your service or product isD. give out their credit card details, they are afraid that someone will steal their creditcard number, feel more comfortable and secure about buying your service or product Ⅲ.A. deliver your product competently, this is merely what the customer expects, gobeyond what is expected and make the process memorableB.1. aluminum foil shaped like a swan, talk to people about this experience, not even a cent2. clean, marketing3. tours of the men's restroomⅣ. distinguish your business from your competitors, performance standards, creativity, enthusiasm【原文】Have you ever purchased something that your friend recommended? Didn't thismake you feel secure and safe since you knew that your friend was happy with the product or service?The best kind of advertisement is word of mouth. Even though it doesn't travel fast, it can do some magnificent results. When one of your past customers tells other people how great your service is, it makes people feel secure, and safe. It gives them a reason why to buy your service or product. Give your past customers a chance to brag about you, use their testimonies. You can use them as powerful tools to increase your sales dramatically.First, collect all the testimonies that you have received from your past customers. Then make a whole web page on your site and place the testimonies on that page. Don’t forget to link to their email address, so a potential client can email them and verify the testimony. This also gives them the opportunity to speak with your past customers and find out all the great things that they have experienced with your service or product. They could then turn around and tell their friends what they heard. This could tumble like a domino affect, causing you to have an explosion of sales.There are many other ways you can use the testimonies. If you have a newsletter that you publish, I would suggest putting an ad in the newsletter that contains “The Testimony” an d some information about your service or product. This will give the potential client a real good reason to visit your site. They already have proof about how good your service or product is. I would also suggest using them in any advertisement you have, and this will give you the same benefits. Try using your testimonies to answer your potential customers' questions. This will answer their questions, and show them how good your service or product is. This is like killing two birds with one stone.You can also try putting some testimonies in your follow-ups that will give them a reason to act now. There is still a big percentage of people on the Internet who are afraid to give out their credit card. They do not think the Internet is safe, and are worried that someone will steal their credit card number. By having “The Testimonies”, it will make them feel more comfortable and secure about buying your service or product.How can you build more word of mouth advertising? Rephrasing the question, why would your customers want to talk to their friends about their experience of doing business with you? What things can you do that will compel them to do so?When you perform your service or deliver your product competently, you are merely doing what the customer expects. (If you don't meet the customers' expectations, they may well tell their friends what you don't want them to hear!) In order to compel the customers to want to share their good experience with their friends, you must make the process memorable, going beyond what is expected.Recently I had lunch with my team members at the Campbell House. The food and service were truly excellent. My daughter and administrative assistant, Dawn, asked for her leftovers to be packed. They were returned to her in aluminum foil shaped like aswan. Guess what she talked about when she got home? How much more do you think it cost the Campbell House to produce that "Wow!" experience? The answer is, not a cent!Disneyland should be an inspiration to us all in providing a "Wow!" experience. What do people talk to their friends about when they come home? "You should have seen how clean that park was! With all of the people there, it's unbelievable! There's not an even a gum wrapper on the ground!" Walt Disney understood that cleanliness is marketing. The Madonna Inn in San Luis Obispo gives tours of the men's restroom. It's quite remarkable, with a rock fountain urinal. I took my daughters when they were very small, and they still remember that urinal! Here is an area that with some creativity, some procedures defined as performance standards, and some enthusiasm, you and your team can distinguish your business from your competitors. Why not schedule a team meeting tomorrow to generate ideas?Task 9【答案】A.Ⅰ.A.1. Person-to-person contact to persuade consumers to buy a product2. indirectly, messages on radio, television, newspaper or handbillsB. Create a demand for the advertised commoditiesⅡ.A.1. more or less the same way2. are partly decided by their teenage childrenB. 1. love, fear, Dating, ＄1 billion2. the sex appeal, bad breath, perspiration stains, body odour3. health, prestige, pride, envy, jealousy4. brand names, during the years to comea. Repeat the commercials time and again on radio and televisionb. Associate the products with radio or TV stars in the advertisements.B.Advantages:1. Stimulates demand, mass production2. Gives information3. Leaving home4. Stimulates competition5. Lowers prices6. Provides entertainmentDisadvantages:1. May mislead the public, they are getting something that is not being offered2. Often misuse language.3. Encourages impulse buying4. Raises prices, The cost of advertising a product5. May influence the mass media【原文】Salesmen depend upon the person-to-person approach in trying to persuade consumers to buy. Advertising, however, has to depend upon reaching consumers indirectly—through messages on radio and television, in the newspapers, or even on handbills given to you in the street.Once again, the purpose of advertising is to sell goods. This means that the advertiser is going to try to make you think you want something—his something—whether you need it or not. In other words, the advertiser is creating a demand for his product. This is fine. Remember, all the goods being produced today have to be sold. And you cannot buy something if you do not know about it. Later, we shall discuss the pros and cons of advertising. First, let us see how advertisers try to reach the teenage consumers. Of course, many of the advertising gimmicks used to sell to teenagers are used to sell to adults as well.All consumers have certain basic needs or wants: food, clothing, and shelter. But the basic needs of most teenagers are provided for by their parents. Even here, though, advertisers appeal to teenagers because they know that the kind of food mom buys or the furnishings in a teenage girl's room will be partly determined by the teenagers.Teenagers are interested in how much an item will cost. They are interested in whether they are getting solid value for their dollars. They want to know what service they can expect after buying the product. Advertisers let you know this.Probably the most effective appeal to teenagers (and to adults too) is to their emotions. Some important emotions are love and fear. Sales of cosmetics to teenagers approach $1 billion each year. Dating is very important to teenagers, so you have to smell sweet. Hide any skin blemishes, and keep your hair looking just fight. The ads show how using a particular hair spray will make girls and boys more attractive to each other.Ads that promise to increase sex appeal if we use a product are very common. Almost any product can use this appeal. Ads tell you that you will be more attractive if you eat, chew, drink, wear, or use any one of hundreds of different products. Then, of course, there are those ads that ware of bad breath, perspiration stains, or body odour.Advertisers appeal to teenagers' desire to conform. Young people like to think of themselves as individuals who "do their own thing", but this is only partly true. Look around your classroom. Notice the hair styles and the clothing that your classmates are wearing. Chances are there are more things you have in common with each other than you would care to admit.In addition, advertisers appeal to the desire for health and prestige, to the desire to be in style, to pride, and to envy and jealousy.Teenagers, just like all other consumers, are influenced by brand names. Advertisers try to get teenagers used to a brand because they know that, in later years, the teenagerswill stick to this brand. Therefore, commercials are repeated over and over again on radio and television. We soon get to know them by heart. Slick advertising slogans will pop into our minds as we reach for a product. Some advertisers stay with particular radio or television stars, and consumers come to associate a product with a famous person. Since teenagers spend a lot of time listening to the radio and watching television, this form of advertising is very important.You are probably wondering, at this point, whether advertising is good or bad. Actually, it may be a little of both, but decide for yourself. To help you decide, some of the advantages and disadvantages of advertising are listed below.The advantages of advertising are as follows:1. Stimulates demand. Demand increases sales, makes possible the mass productionof goods, and keeps employment high.2. Gives information. Consumers learn about new produces and find out moreabout products already on the market.3. Saves time. Advertising tells what products are around and where they are sold.Consumers can shop and compare prices without leaving home.4. Stimulates competition. Manufacturers have to keep on their toes becauseconsumers know about the different brands and new products that are being offered, and their prices.5. Lowers prices. Because of mass production, goods can be produced in large quantities at low prices.6. Provides entertainment. In most cases, advertising pays the costs of presentingentertainment on radio and television. Some people even enjoy listening to and watching the commercials.Advertising also has disadvantages. Since the main purpose of advertising is to sell goods, the advertiser is not always looking out for the best interests of the consumer. Here are some of the drawbacks of advertising.1. May mislead the public. Ads sometimes mislead the public into thinking they are getting something that is not being offered. Some advertising is deliberately tricky, so that it really is cheating the public. It is relatively easy to make viewers think that they are seeing something on television that is not really happening at all, such as actors dressed as doctors promoting health products.2. Often misuses language. Some ads are silly or meaningless, and violate the rules of good English.3. Encourages impulse buying. Consumers often buy on impulse, without planning ahead. They often buy what they do not need, or they choose according to brand name and do not get the best buy for their money.4. Raises prices. It costs money to advertise. Consumers pay for television programmes every time they buy a product they see advertised. The cost of advertising a product is。