阅读教程4
研究生英语阅读教程(基础版第三版)4课后答案

chose fields.
9
I. Reading Comprehension A
EXERCISES
4. Corporate downsizing has led to ________.
A.
a need for technologica
B. a mixture of highly efficient and very
cDo. ubledccoemrtianignly“mtahkee itdheeapl usrtsuuditeonftg”oowdhile in
c12 graodes l
l
e
g
e
is
I. Reading Comprehension
EXERCISES
7. According to the author, well-written
rBe.aTshoenswyoorukpslhaoceulids ba“e hbiureydera’nsdmtaakriknegt”th,eand
stesptsundeendtsedhatvoeptroeparerepaaresotloidblye bthasee“dright
proadnuswctesr”b.efore you are asked The Question.
I. Reading Comprehension
EXERCISES
3. According to the selection, college graduates
may ________.
A.
find contract jobs only
B. have to change their jobs once in a year
国际商务英语阅读教程(第四版)-期末复习

Unit 1~2Mercantilism 重商主义 Neomeicantilist 新重商主义者Trade surplus 贸易顺差Quota and tariff 配额和关税Government intervention 政府干预Zero-sum game 零和博弈Positive-sum game 常和博弈The theory of absolute advantage 绝对优势理论The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论Factor endowments 要素禀赋理论Product life cycle 产品生命周期(+theory ……理论)Economies of scale 规模经济Diminishing returns 收益递减规律Green revolution 绿色革命Voluntary restriction 自动出口限制Deposit 佣金First mover advantage 先占优势Barrier to entry 进入(市场)壁垒Porter’s diamond theory 波特的钻石理论National competitive advantage 国家竞争优势The department of commerce 商务部Letter of credit 信用证Draft /bill of exchange 汇票bill of lading B/L 提单Sight draft 即期汇票Time draft 远期汇票Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑(+bill …汇票)Trade acceptance 商业承兑汇票Countertrade 对等贸易Barter 易货贸易Switch trading 转手贸易Offset 抵消Counter purchase 互购贸易Compensation trade 补偿贸易Mercantilism suggests that it is in a country’s best interest to maintain a trade surplus -- to export more than it imports(重商主义就是保持贸易顺差以实现一国的最大利益---出口超过进口)Mercantilism advocates government intervention(介入) to achieve a surplus in the balance of trade (重商主义主张政府介入以便实现对外贸易顺差)It views trade as a zero-sum game - one in which a gain by one country results in a loss by another (将贸易看成零和博弈,一个国家收益一个国家受损)Absolute Advantage 绝对优势Adam Smith argued that a country has an absolute advantage in the production of a product when it is more efficient than any other country in producing it亚当斯密认为一个国家生产一种商品比其他任何国家效率都高时存在绝对优势According to Smith, countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have an absolute advantage and then trade these goods for the goods produced by other countries 按照亚当斯密的说法,各国应该专门生产具有绝对优势的商品,然后用他们交换其他国家生产的商品The Benefit(好处) of Absolute Advantage and Free TradeThe Principle for International Division of Labor–Absolute Advantage 国际分工的原则---绝对优势The Consequence(结果) of Division of Labor and Free Trade 分工的结果和自由贸易1. To Production: the Flow of the Factor of Production 生产要素的流动; the Efficiency of Factor Distribution 要素分配效率;the Quantity of Production 产品质量。
全新版大学英语(第二版)4阅读教程高级本中文翻译

UNIT 13 Fighting Fire with Fire这个春天,吉姆·布伦纳将会带领几百个男男女女一起燃烧超过两百万英亩的佛罗里达的松树林。
看到这些树吗?嘶!他们烤焦了。
看到那些香蒲芦苇丛吗?正在咝咝地响!他们是历史遗留下来的。
那些腐烂的圆木呢?噼啪响!不见了。
布罗纳是一个纵火狂吗?实际上,他恰巧相反:他作为佛罗里达的消防管理员,布伦纳一直在跟火灾战斗。
但是为什么佛罗里达的顶级消防队员会焚烧森林呢?布伦纳是相信以火攻火的人数越来越多的土地管理者之一。
通过开始他们自己小心的控制大火——一个叫做规定火烧的练习,他们希望结束像上个夏天毁坏了五十万英亩的佛罗里达森林的森林大火灾。
布伦纳还记得说:“那是一个人间地狱。
假如我们有做更多的规定火烧,我们将可以大幅度的降低那次森林火灾的损害。
”佛罗里达不是唯一一个在最近几年因为大火儿上了头条的地方。
墨西哥,巴西以及印度尼西亚都曾经遭受过他们自己的灾难性的火灾。
我们是不是处在易燃的新时代的边缘?科学家警告说全球变暖(温室气体例如二氧化碳引起的行星加热)到2070 年可能提升地球温度5°F。
根据世界气象局的记录,在1998 年地球表面的平均温度是最高的。
一个正在逐渐变暖的行星意味着越来越低的干旱,将导致植被死亡和更有可能的越来越热。
美国森林官员是怎样对付这个紧迫的威胁的?规定火烧曾经得到火生态学家(研究火生态的科学家)的广泛认可。
他们也相信在凉爽的潮湿的天启让光亮的火燃烧可以减少失控的火的风险。
而且消防技术在1970 年代第一次试验是基于频繁的小火减少毁灭性的事件的风险的理论,就像上个夏天,当保持着生态系统良好的情况下的佛罗里达的森林火灾。
在1988 年黄石国家公园那场由闪电引发并由林业员们同意使其燃烧的大火的肆虐之后,公众情绪反对“任其燃烧”和指定式的燃烧行为。
现在,能够助燃无可控制的火苗的不断增加的森林残骸重新激发了人们在这些消防管理策略上的兴趣。
国际商务英语阅读教程(第四版)

Unit 1~2 Mercantilism重商主义Trade surplus 贸易顺差Quota and tariff配额和关税Zero-sum game零和博弈Positive-sum game常和博弈The theory of absolute advantage绝对优势理论The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论Factor endowments要素禀赋理论Product life cycle 产品生命周期Economies of scale 规模经济First mover advantage先占优势Barrier to entry进入(市场)壁垒Porter’s diamond theory波特的钻石理论National competitive advantage国家竞争优势The department of commerce 商务部Letter of credit信用证Draft /bill of exchange 汇票bill of lading B/L 提单Sight draft即期汇票Time draft 远期汇票Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑Trade acceptance商业承兑汇票Countertrade 对等贸易Barter 易货贸易Switch trading 转手贸易Offset 抵消Counter purchase 互购贸易Compensation trade 补偿贸易1.波特钻石理论的主要内容①Factor endowments ②Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry③ Demand conditions ④Relating and supporting industries2.对等贸易的主要类型和优缺点①Types of countertradeCountertrade has evolved into a diverse set of activities that can be categorized as five distinct types of trading arrangements: barter, counter purchase, offset, switch trading, and compensation or buyback②The pros and cons of countertrade优:① The main attraction of countertrade is that it can give a firm a way to finance an export deal when other means are not available.② Thus if a firm is unwilling to enter into a countertrade agreement, it may lose an export opportunity to a competitor that is willing to make a countertrade agreement.缺:① Countertrade contracts may involve the exchange of unusable or poor-quality goods that the firm cannot dispose of profitably② In addition, even if the goods it receives are of high quality, the firm still needs to dispose of them profitably.Unit 3Strategic alliance 战略联盟Licensing 许可证Joint venture 合资经营Contracting 承包经营Partnership 合资人Return on investment 投资回报率Franchising 特许经营Contract manufacturing 生产承包Management contracting 管理承包1.许可贸易的优缺点优:①The basic advantage in licensing as contrasted to other approaches is theease and low cost of entering a foreign market.②Licensing is also advantageous in that it can be used to test a foreignmarket without the risk of capital loss should the market not be receptive to the manufacturer’s product.缺:①The greatest disadvantages to the licensor are that a potential competitoris set up.②There is a lack of control over production and marketing.③There may be incomplete market exploration.Unit 4Foreign direct investment 外国直接投资Small and medium-sized firms 中小企业Horizontal FDI 横向外国直接投资Vertical FDI 纵向外国直接投资Product life cycle 产品生命周期Backward vertical FDI 后移纵向外国直接投资Forward vertical FDI 前移纵向外国直接投资Transportation costs 运输成本Market impediments 市场阻碍Market power 市场力量Oligopoly 寡头垄断Specialized assets 特殊资产1.影响横向对外投资的因素①Transportation costs ②Market imperfections④Following competitors ④The product life cycle2.What are the impediments to the sale of know-how?①Licensing may result in a firm’s giving away its technological know-how to a potential foreign competitor.②Licensing does not give a firm the tight control over manufacturing, marketing, and strategy in a foreign country that may be required to profitably exploit tis advantage in know-how.③A firm’s know-how may not be amenable to licensing.Unit 5Bretton Woods System 布雷顿森林体系Fixed exchange rate 固定汇率制OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Floating exchange rate regime 浮动汇率制Plaza Accord 和平广场协议Louvre Accord 卢浮宫协议Foreign exchange market 外汇市场European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系EMSExchange Rate Mechanism 汇率机制ERMEuropean Currency Unit欧元 ECUTrade deficit贸易赤字Real interest 实际利息Balance of payment 收支平衡表Forward market 期货市场Swaps 掉期交易1. 布雷顿森林体系/固定汇率制瓦解的主要原因As the only currency that could be converted into gold, and as the currency that served as the reference point for all others①It was financed by an increase in the money supply, which, in turn, led to a rise in price inflation from less than 4percent in 1966 to dose to 9 percent by 1968②The rise in government spending had stimulated the economy③Gave rise to speculation in the foreign exchange market that the dollar would be devalued④Weakening dollars lose its credibility.2. What are the reasons for the unexpected rise in the dollar between 1980 and 1985, and what are the reasons for the rapid fall of the US dollar between 1985 and 1987?The reasons for the unexpected rise in the value of the dollar between 1980 and 1985:①Strong economic growth in the US attracted heavy inflows of capital from foreign investors seeking high returns on capital assets.②High real interest rate attracted foreign investors seeking high vellums on financial assets③Political turmoil in other parts of the world.The reasons for 1985 and 1987:The fall in the value of the dollar between 1985 and 198 was caused by a combination of government intervention and market forces.Unit 6Common law 普通法Code civil law 成文法Roman law 罗马法Industrial property right 工业产权Act of god 不可抗力Element forces of nature 天灾自然因素Arbitration 仲裁Conciliation 调节Litigation 诉讼World court at the Hague 海牙国际法庭Tribunals for arbitration 仲裁庭U.N. convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of ForeignArbitral/Awards 联合国承认和执行外国仲裁裁决公约International Chamber of commerce 国际商会1. What are the differences between two legal systems in solving commercial disputes?①Under common law, commercial disputes are subject to laws which may be applied to either civil or commercial disputes since there is no specific recognition of commercial problems as such.②Code law differs in that there is a separate code specifically designed for business2. What are the procedures used by formal arbitration organizations? The usual arbitration procedure is for the parties involved to select a disinterested and informed party or parties as referee to determine the merits of the case and make a judgment that both parties agree to honor.Unit 7Intellectual property rights 知识产权Trade mark copyright, patents, trade secrets 商标权,版权,专利权,商业秘密Intangible assets, tangible assets 无形资产,有形资产Trademark registration 商标注册Generic terms 通称Infringement 侵权GATT 关贸总协定General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade1. What does intellectual property right consist of?①It consists of the products of individual’s minds—products that result from intellectual, creative processes.②Trademarks, copyrights and patents are all forms of intellectual propertyUnit 8The TRIPS agreement 与贸易有关的知识产权协议Need Hierarchy 需求层次理论Self-reference criterion 自我参考标准The adoption process 接纳过程理论High-context cultures 高背景文化Low-context cultures 低背景文化Poly-chromic time 多元化时间观Mono-chromic time 单一性时间观Perception 观念1. What are the characteristics of culture?①It is not innate, but learned②The various facts of culture are interrelated-touch a culture in one place andeverything else is affected.③It is shared by the members of a group and defines the boundaries betweendifferent groups.2. What are the main contents of Need Hierarchy theory?①Self-actualization ②Esteem ③Social ④Safety ⑤Physiological3. What is the concept of adoption process? How many stages will a person undergo before he can finally purchase a new product?Adoption process─through which an individual passes from the time of his or her first knowledge of an innovation to the time of adopting or purchase of the innovation.These stages are as follows: ①awareness ②interest ③evaluation④trial ⑤adoption4. What are the adopter categories? What is the feature for early adopter?Adopter categories are classifications of individuals within a market on the basis of their innovativeness. They include innovators、early adopters, the early majority, the late majority and laggards.The future for early adopter: They tend to be younger, have higher social status and in a more favorable financial position than later adopter. They must be responsive to mass-media information sources and must learn about innovation form these sourcesbecause they cannot simply copy the behavior of earlier adopters.Unit 9Organizational behavior组织行为学Multinational Corporation 跨国公司Maquiladoras 马基拉朵拉工厂Parochialism 地方主义NAFTA 北美自由贸易协定North American Free Trade AgreementKluckhohn-Strudtbeck framework 克拉克洪─斯托特柏克构架Hofstede framework 霍夫斯诺德构架BRICS 金砖五国巴西俄罗斯印度中国南非APEC 亚太经合组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation1. Identify the sic cultural dimensions in the Kluckhohn-strodtbeck framework.①Relationship to the environment ②time orientation③nature of people ④Activity orientation⑤focus of responsibility ⑥conception of space2. Explain the dimensions of national culture in Hofstede framework.①Individualism versus collectivism②power distance③uncertainty avoidance④masculinity versus femininity。
新世纪大学英语系列教材(第二版)阅读教程 4 Unit 1-8 答案

新世纪大学英语系列教材(第二版)Unit 8Part IExercisesI. Reading for information 。
A. Reading to find main ideas1.A2. DB. Reading to find major details3.C4. AC. Reading to find relevant facts5.C6.BII. TranslationTranslate the following sentences into Chinese.1 Katia Eliad, a Paris-based artist, was stuck in a rut. She felt blocked in her creativity, out of touch with herself and for some inexplicable reason unable to use green or blue in her abstract paintings.巴黎艺术家凯蒂亚·艾利亚德陷入停滞。
她的创造力受阻,不能发挥自己的才智,不知何因无法在抽象画中用绿色和蓝色。
2 This year will be filled with his music, but it will also be a time to re-examine the contradictions and conflicting interpretations of his brief 35-year life.今年会充满莫扎特的音乐,但今年也会重新审视莫扎特短短35年的一生带来的矛盾和冲突的看法。
3 That notion was first given scientific support in a 1993 article in Nature, which found that college students who listened to the first movement of Mozart’s Sonata in D Major for Two Pianos performed better on a spatial reasoning test that involved mentally unfolding a piece of paper.《自然》杂志1993年的一篇文章首次给这个说法提供了科学依据,该文章指出,在一项要求在大脑里想像如何展开一页纸的空间推理测试中,听了莫扎特“D大调双钢琴奏鸣曲”第一乐章的大学生取得了更好效果。
商务英语阅读教程 Unit 4

Marketing is the ongoing process of 【moving people closer to making a decision (to purchase,
use, follow or conform to someone else’s products, services or values) 】.
翻译
营销一词的含义是什么?市场营销是一个不断 推进的过程,该过程的目的是促使人们心动到 做出各种决定诸如购买他人的各种产品、享用 他人提供的各种服务、以及遵循他人的各种价 值取向。营销人员运用市场营销推广组合的变 量来制定营销推广计划。
4-2
Comprehensive Reading
主语
修饰 process
C. Sometimes (50%) D. Never(0%)
In what ways are you easily persuaded into buying something? By______.
A. TV commercial B. Newspaper Advertisement C. Quality D. package E. Brochures F. Leaflets G. Price H. After-sales service
n. 产品 n. 制造业者,厂商 市场调查
媒体计划
产品推广
n. 品牌 n. 市场营销 媒体计划
n. 形象塑造 实体环境
n. 人员 n. 放置 目标市场
公共关系
distribution channel generic advertising at no cost marketing effort process drawback product pricing marketing mix charge junk mail sales strategy at regular price
全新版 大学英语 阅读教程4课文翻译

1、待走读生好点克里斯托夫·M·贝利托 你也许可以列出往宿家中,每天赫家和学校之间的大学走读生所享受的种森!}l}越之处。
_ 但在下面的文章中,作者试图揭示事‘清的另一面,认为走读生的生活并不如人}l!}们想像 中的那般轻松。
走读生过着一种矛盾的生活,他去学校是为了能体会一种自我探}ll}索的生 活,而实际上与父母在一起是绝对无法保持“我独立的。
你也许认为我们这些人住在家中、 每天往返学校的日子很惬意。
不用等洗衣机,牙膏用完了橱拒里有新的,更重要的是,冰箱 里塞满了食物,也不用自己付款。
不仅如此,通常还有人付电话费,即使再晚,微波炉里也 还热着食物。
你会嗤之以弃—那不是大学生活,那只是永远长不大的孩子。
也许表面上看起 来我们像被惯坏了的孩子, 但事情远没有那么简单。
住在家里的大学生过着一种矛盾的生活。
跟你们一样,我们来到大学探索自我;自我探索和有机化学一样是我们所受教育的一部分。
然而,鉴于父母监督子女的本能不会减弱,我们要保持自我独立可就不容易了。
再者,家庭 的责任也在所难免。
比方说,当父母的结婚周年纪念日正好在我们期末考试的前一天,我们 该怎么办?事实上,做一个无法脱离家庭约束的学生简直与努力跟一个你不喜欢的室友相处 一样困难。
我们的问题很复杂。
在一定程度上,我们是这个社会的二等公民。
由于你不得不 开车回家或赶最后一班车, 你很难享受俱乐部、 大学生联谊会和舞会的乐趣。
同样不幸的是, 你意识到你不能参加仅有一次的商法复习课,因为它结束得太晚。
但这还不是问题的关健: 毕竟,每个人都可以随时在朋友的宿舍里借宿。
’真正的问题在于,我们错过了那些活动, 错过了由此产生的一种友好的情嗦,这种情嗦来自于一同突击恶补工业心理学的漫漫长夜, 来自于谁跟谁上了床的瞎扯闲铆, 来自于关于 “乔治· 威尔” “亲爱的艾比” 和 的热门话题, 以及在这之后彼此对于毕业临近的真切感受的交流。
英语阅读教程(第四册)(第二版)教学课件unit1

Unit One Scientific Research (I) Part A The Rise of Science LOGO
About A History of Western Philosophy
Hailed as “lucid and magisterial” by The Observer
LOGO
Unit One Scientific Research (I)
Introduction LOGO
Getting to Know Getting into Library
Part B References
Part A The Rise of Science
Part C Timed Reading Further Reading
4. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
Key: 1. parallelism
2. parenthesis
4. rhetorical question
3. emphatic sentence
Unit One Scientific Research (I)
Reading and Thinking LOGO
Author’s Purpose First, then, what is science? Surely there
can be no difficulty in answering this, and yet I fear that, if I should pass through this or any other audience with the question, I should get many different answers. (P 20)
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
单元检测《忆冼星海》
导练
• 1. • 抱负 • ③在西安与冼星海相见
②
• ①听《黄河大合唱》 崇高的情感” • ②能写出具有“伟大的气魄”作品 的冼星海是怎样一个人
3.作者先写听《黄河大合唱》和看《冼星海作曲图》
形象生动而感人。
快乐充值 • 了解名人自传
第四单元
人物画廊
第四课时
读写链接
• P87
2.少时,“我”自视才高,便敢有当作家 的梦想。现在看来,自觉有些狂妄,故称 “妄想”;那时,“我”自以为读了几篇 文章,就懂了孙犁。现在忆起,真是少年 轻狂,故称“大言不惭”。
3.徐光耀老师这样做的目的是,让 “我”从孙犁及他的作品那里谙熟 “为文先为人”之大道。其实,不仅 “为文”,为任何事,亦应如此。
人物画廊
第二课时
品读领悟
• 《带套袖的孙犁先生》 领会内容,畅谈感悟
(1)勤做笔记(2)当众朗读(3)敬畏红字(4)画简笔画
《带套袖的孙犁先生》
• 导练 1.第一次见孙犁,他正在捡豆粒,他给了“我” 一种亲切感。第二次见孙犁,他正和保姆准备 糊窗缝。“我”看到了他的朴实,虽年老仍洋 溢着活力与激情。第三次见孙犁他大约是在写 作。“我” 看到了他的平易近人、质朴热情。
《拔下钥匙》
• 导练 1.文章记叙了上海公交车司机陈乐平在突发 脑溢血、生命垂危的时刻,用尽生命的余 力,拔下钥匙,确保乘客安全的故事。
2. • (1)突出故事发生时间的偶然性。 • (2)突出陈乐平工作岗位的平凡。 • (3)强调陈乐平身份的平凡。
3.
• 要有爱心。陈乐平爱家人、爱乘客、爱生活,才 能在危急时刻舍己为人。爱,是陈乐平不平凡举 措的源泉。 • 爱,有回报。陈乐平的女儿体贴爸爸,获救的乘 客流泪,都充分表现陈乐平“爱”的感召力。 • 平凡的岗位上也能做出不平凡的贡献。陈乐平虽 然只是一名普通的公交车司机,却给后人留下了 宝贵的精神财富。
品读领悟
• 《回想铁生》 领会内容,畅谈感悟
(1)勤做笔记(2)当众朗读(3)敬畏红字(4)画简笔画
《回想铁生》
• 导练 1、史铁生是一个残疾、多病但心灵上最挺拔正直的人。 2、史铁生是一个超越了自身的苦难,爱自己,爱世界,知 道感恩,懂得生命意义的人。 3、史铁生是一个敢于面对真实的人生,不退缩到无知和曲 解,不麻痹麻醉自己的最勇敢的人。
2.“甚至”和“两部”(或“长 篇”)。“甚至”表示递进,表现 了作者对史铁生克服常人难以想象 的困苦后写出《务虚笔记》《我的 丁一之旅》这样的长篇小说的惊讶、 敬佩。“两部”表示数量之多(或 “长篇”表示篇幅之长),表现史 铁生的勤奋、顽强。
3.D 不是“简述”,是详述; 没有“感激”之情。
第四单元
• 审题
•立意
•构思
•行文
பைடு நூலகம்
第四单元
人物画廊
第三课时
名篇赏析《我的一位国文老师 》
1.①凶 ②自己选辑教材、 有意思的朗读 ③修改作 文
2.“怅惘”的内容:离开恩师将近五十年,未 曾通音讯,不知道老师的近况。 “敬慕”的内容:徐老师很有才学,教学水 平高,对学生负责。
1.作者先写徐先生古怪外貌和神态,作文课上他骂我“你是 什么东西,我把你一眼看到底”来突出他的凶。又写他自 己选辑教材,有意思的朗诵,用大墨杠子大勾大抹的批改 我的作文使我受益良多,突出了他才学很高,对学生认真 负责的态度。全文采用了欲扬先抑(前后对比)的写法, 把一位普通的国文老师写的生动而令人难忘的。 2.作者写徐老师的外貌,用了肖像描写,写他上课时的情形, 用了语言描写、动作描写,突出了徐老师“凶”的特点; 写他修改我的作文时用了细节描写,表现了他的认真负责。 文章综合运用多种人物描写方法,将徐老师的形象塑造得 生动而让人难忘。
说说写人记叙文的注意事 项
第四单元
人物画廊
第一课时
阅读锦囊
• 体会文章的思想感情
方法:1.联系主要内容体会 2.联系重点段落体会 3.联系关键语句体会 4.联系相关背景体会 等等
阅读《这家伙——流沙河的自白 》,用恰当的方法概括文章内 容,体会文章的思想感情。
这篇文章在写作特点 上有什么特别之处?