livingandnonlivingthings生物与非生物
生物与非生物PPT课件
生物学在医学中的应用
基因治疗
利用基因工程技术治疗遗传性疾病和恶性肿瘤，通过基因编辑和 基因转移技术修复缺陷基因或抑制肿瘤生长。
免疫疗法
利用免疫系统的原理和技术，通过激活或抑制免疫反应来治疗疾 病，如疫苗、抗体治疗等。
组织工程
利用生物学原理和技术，构建人体组织和器官，用于移植和修复 损伤组织。
生物学在工业中的应用
04
生物与非生物的关系
生物依赖非生物生存
1 2
生物依赖非生物提供的能量
生物通过摄取食物来获取能量，食物中的能量来 源于非生物的太阳能、化学能等。
非生物为生物提供物质基础
生物所需的营养物质、水分等都直接或间接来源 于非生物界。
3
生物与非生物共同构成生态系统
生态系统中的生物和非生物相互依存、相互影响， 共同维持生态平衡。
生物与非生物的区分
生物具有生命特征，而非生物 不具备生命特征。
生物能进行生长、繁殖、代 谢等活动，而非生物不能进
行这些活动。
生物能对外界刺激作出反应， 适应环境变化，而非生物不能 对外界刺激作出反应，也不能
适应环境变化。
02
生物的特性
自我复制
自我复制
生物能够通过细胞分裂等方式实现自我复制，保持种 群延续。
04
无自我复制能力
非生物无法通过自身遗传物质复制出 新的个体，如石头、金属等。
非生物的复制通常需要借助外部力量， 如人工制造、复制等。
无代谢过程
非生物无法进行化学反应以获取能量和合成自身所需的物质，如植物通过光合作用、动物通过摄取食 物等方式进行代谢。
非生物的组成成分是稳定的，不会发生化学变化或分解。
遗传规律
生物遵循孟德尔遗传规律， 将基因传递给后代并影响 其性状表现。
生物与非生物课件——温州市英才学校—2021—2022学年浙教版七年级上学期科学
小草是有生命的，属于生物；石头是 没有生命的，属于非生物。
教学分析
Teaching Analysis
找出猫和蒲公英的相同之处
教学分析
Teaching Analysis
生物之所以能区别于非生物，是因为 生物具有许多基能 进化。
生物最基本的特征：能进行新 陈代谢
教学分析
Teaching Analysis
活动 观察蜗牛 的生物特征
我们都是在什么地方发现它的呢？
在墙角、树下、蔬菜的叶子以及 草地上等阴暗潮湿、温暖、安静 的环境。
教学分析
Teaching Analysis
观察蜗牛
教学分析
Teaching Analysis
蜗牛有视觉吗？
让蜗牛在灯光下爬行3分钟后，用书本遮 在它上面，使它的一半身体处于阴影中， 蜗牛将怎么行动？
2.1 生物与非生物
教学分析
Teaching Analysis
自然界的各种物体千奇百怪，多姿多彩，我们可以将它 们分为生物（living things）和非生物（nonliving things） 两大类。那么，我们周围的物体中哪些是生物，哪些是 非生物呢?
教学分析
Teaching Analysis
有听觉
教学分析
Teaching Analysis
蜗牛会嗅、会尝吗？
（1）在蜗牛前方的玻璃上滴几滴蔗 糖溶液，蜗牛将怎样运动？ （2）用棉花蘸一点米醋，放在蜗牛 前面3厘米处，蜗牛有反应吗？
有！将远离米醋，靠近蔗糖！
有嗅觉，有味觉
教学分析
Teaching Analysis
蜗牛的感觉
蜗牛有四种感觉：视觉、触觉、
味觉、嗅觉。没有听觉！
蜗牛能对外界刺激做出反应
非生物与生物间有关联作文
非生物与生物间有关联作文英文回答：Non-living and living things are interconnected in many ways. One of the most obvious connections is the way non-living things provide essential resources for living organisms. For example, plants use sunlight, water, and nutrients from the soil to grow and thrive. In return, plants provide oxygen for animals to breathe and serve as a food source for many organisms.Another way non-living and living things are connected is through the carbon cycle. Non-living things, such as rocks and the atmosphere, store carbon, which is then released into the environment through processes like volcanic eruptions and the burning of fossil fuels. Living things, such as plants and animals, also play a role in the carbon cycle by absorbing and releasing carbon dioxide through processes like photosynthesis and respiration.Furthermore, non-living things can have a direct impact on the behavior and distribution of living organisms. For example, the availability of water and temperature can greatly affect where certain species are able to live and thrive. Additionally, non-living things like soil and air quality can impact the health and well-being of living organisms.Overall, the relationship between non-living and living things is complex and multifaceted, with each depending on the other in various ways.中文回答：非生物和生物之间有许多关联。
00名词解释
名词解释18%（6题，每题3分）Environment：All external conditions and factors, living and nonliving (chemicals and energy), that affect an organism or other specified system during its lifetime.影响生命机体生存和发展的所有外界条件和因素，包括生物和非生物Ecology：Study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with their nonliving environment of matter and energy; study of the structure and functions of nature.研究生物之间以及生物和非生物之间的互相作用的学科，研究自然的结构和功能的学科。
environmental science：Study of how we and other species interact with one another and with the nonliving environment (matter and energy). It is a physical and social science that integrates knowledge from a wide range of disciplines, including physics, chemistry, biology (especially ecology), geology, geography, resource technology and engineering, resource conservation and management, demography (the study of population dynamics), economics, politics, sociology, psychology, and ethics.研究我们与其他生物和非生物环境之间如何相互作用的学科，它是一门结合了大量学科知识的自然人文科学，包括了医学、化学、生物学、地质学、地理学、资源开采与工程学、资源保护与管理学、人口统计学、经济学、社会学、心理学和伦理学等。
生物与非生物
生物与非生物生物与非生物什么是生物呢？在我们的日常生活中，我们可以轻松地区分出生物和非生物。
人、动物、植物、细菌等都属于生物；而石头、钢铁、玻璃、水、沙子等则属于非生物。
那么，这两者之间究竟有何不同呢？生命的起源首先，生物和非生物最基本的差别在于生命。
生物都拥有自己的生命，而非生物则没有。
生命是生物特有的一个属性，它最初的起源至今仍然是一个谜。
人们普遍认为，生命源于某种原始的生命体，或者是以细胞为基础的有机体的进化。
这些细胞自身就是复杂机构的基础，包括DNA、核、细胞质和细胞膜等。
这些组成部分随着时间的推移，逐渐演化成更为复杂的生命形式。
生物的特征除了生命以外，生物还具有许多其他的特征。
生物具有复杂的组织结构，这些组织可以完成特定的功能。
比如，我们的身体就是由骨头、肌肉、器官、器械等许多不同的组织构成的。
它们能够协同工作，保持身体的正常运转，同时反应出我们的感受和思想。
另外，生物还有自主的行为。
这些行为可以是根据环境改变而自发进行的，也可以是出于心智和决策的能力而进行的。
生物可以感知外界环境，通过判断和响应来变得更加适应。
比如进入冬眠、迁徙或是躲避危险等。
与此相对的是非生物，它没有自己的心智和行为。
非生物的运行方式是静态的，它们的行为一般是对外界刺激的反应。
比如石头在受到力量作用时，会产生碎裂或移动等反应。
而机器的运作也是靠程序的判断和处理进行的，是人类意识所设计和控制的。
这是与生物根本不同的。
生物的进化有趣的是，在生物中存在着进化的概念，但是在非生物中没有。
生物的进化是利用遗传变异和自然选择这两个过程来达到的。
如果一个组织的基因发生了变异，那么这一变异也会在后代中体现出来。
如果这个变异增强了这个组织的适应性，那么它也会具有更大的生存优势，更高的繁殖率。
最终，新的特征就会在种群中广泛传播，成为种群的一部分。
与此相对的是，非生物不会进化，它们也不会适应环境。
虽然它们可以随着时间的推移发生物理和化学变化，但这些变化并不会增强它们的适应性。
高考英语语法词汇专项突破：3定语从句强化训练50题(答案解析版)
高考英语语法词汇专项突破：03-2定语从句强化训练50题(答案解析版)姓名：__________ 班级: _________ 限时：40分钟得分：____________养成良好的答题习惯，是决定成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
一、根据语境填上一个合适的词，使句意完整。
1.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to____ she could turn for help.答案与解析：whom。
题中包含短语“turn to sb. for help”，意思是“向某人求助”。
本句可以转换成：In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person （whom/ who/ that）she could turn to for help. 属于“介词+关系代词”结构。
句意是：在漆黑的大街上，连一个她可以求助的人都没有。
2.______ has been announced, we shall have our final exam next month.答案与解析：As。
考查非限制性定语从句。
这是as引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是后面的整个句子，关系代词as指代后面的主句的内容，在定语从句中as作主语，意思是“正如”。
句意：正如宣布的那样，下个月我们要举行期末考试。
3.There comes a time________ the old must give way to the new, and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future.答案与解析：when。
高考英语：阅读中的常见词汇+妙招1+依据前后缀归类记单词
背计系列1 阅读中的常见词汇妙招1 依据前后缀归类记单词[前缀——置于词根之前并改变原词义的构词成分]1．否定前缀[un-]uneasy心神不安的unfortunately不幸地unhealthy不健康的unnecessary不必要的unwise不明智的①I felt uneasy at the presence of so many strangers.面对这么多陌生人，我感觉很不自在。
②Unfortunately, the disastrous effects of the drought were felt all over the country.不幸的是，干旱的灾难性影响遍及全国各地。
③Although sparrows showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state.虽然麻雀数量没有减少的迹象，但食物链还是总体处于不健康的状态。
[non-]nonprofit非营利性的nonliving无生命的nonserious不要紧的nonverbal非言辞的①An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area that interact with one another.生态系统包括同一地区内相互影响的生物和非生物。
②In fact, one of the best definitions of a sense of humour is “the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation”．事实上，关于幽默感的最好的定义之一就是“能看到情况还没那么糟糕的能力”。
[im- (in-，ir-)]impatience不耐烦impossible不可能的improperly不适当地impractical不现实的independence独立irregularly不规则地①A serious study of physics is impossible without some knowledge of mathematics.不了解数学就不可能深入研究物理。
英语科普知识
Unit1 Living and Nonliving things How do Plants and Animals Need one another? Main ideaOur environment includes Living and Nonliving things.Plants and animals depend on each other.They make up the environment.Science knowledge:(1) How do Animals get help from plants1.They use plants for shelter. They hide or build home in plants.2.Plants give off oxygen while animals need oxygen.3.Some animals eat plant directly or indirectly.(2) How do Animals give help to plantsAnimals help plants to reproduce.1. Animals carry fruits which contains seeds.2. They spread pollen for plants, pollen stick to them. Vocabulary1. Environment n. 环境2. Reproduce v. 繁殖3. Pollen n. 花粉4. Living and nonliving things 生物和非生物5. Oxygen n. 氧气 give off oxygen 放出氧气6. Depend on each other 互相依赖7. Meet one’s demand 满足某人的需求8. Stick v. 粘贴stick to one’s idea 坚持自己的观点n. 细棒What is a food chain?Main ideaAll food chains are made of producers, consumers, and decomposers. Energy moves up from plants to animals in a food chain. Science knowledge(1) food1.Plants use a process called photosynthesis, using water, carbon dioxide and energy from the sun to make sugars and give off oxygen.2.living things eat other living things. They get energy from them.(2) food chain1.Food chain shows the path energy moves between living things in an ecosystem.2.The one been eaten is called prey and the one who eats the prey is called predator. An animal can both be a prey and a predator. Vocabulary1.Food chain n. 食物链2.Producer n. 生产者 make food themselves3.Photosynthesis n. 光合作用4.Consumer n. 消费者 eat or get food from the producer.5.Decomposer n. 分解者6.Carnivore n. 食肉动物 Herbivore n. 食草动物Omnivore n. 杂食动物7.Prey n. 猎物 predator n. 猎食者8.Raccoon n. 浣熊Unit2 AnimalsWhat are Some kinds of Animals? Main ideaAnimals can be put into groups.They are different in order to survive.Groups of animals have similiar body parts.Science knowledgeDifferent features1.Mammals has hair or fur covering their skin.Most mothers give birth to live youth.The young drink milk from their mother.2.Birds have feathers, wings and beak. Not all birds can fly. They use beaks to get food and build nests.They lay eggs to have young.3.Repitles have dry skin with scales.Most mothers lay eggs on land.4.Most young amphibian live in water.While adults live on land.They lay their eggs in water.5.Fish live in water and use their gills to breathe in oxygen. Fins help them to steer, swim and balance.Most of them have scales.6.Insects have six legs and three parts.They have a hard body covering and have no bones. Vocabulary1. Different kinds of animals：Mammal n. 哺乳动物 reptile n. 爬行动物Amphibian n. 两栖动物 insect n. 昆虫2. Feature n. 特点3. Scale n. 鳞片4. In order to = so as to 为了5. Survive v. 生存6. Similiar adj. 相近7. Help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事What are some Animal life cycles?Main ideaAll animals reproduce to make new animals.Young animals may or may not look like their parents. Animals have a life cycle.Science knowledge(1) animal’s life cycle1.Many animals begin by hatching from a egg.2.Metamorphosis change when they grow.(e.g. Egg--young tadpole--growing tadpole--frog)(e.g. Egg--larva--pupa--adult butterfly)(2) about butterfly1.Egg: A female butterfly lays a tiny egg.rva: a larva hatches from the egg. It eats and grows quickly.3.Pupa: It stops eating and makes a hard covering (pupa).4.Butterfly: And adult flies out. It can have its young.(3) about polar bears1.Newborn: they are in the den, and drink milk from the mother.2.Growing cub: they are outside exploring.3.Young polar bear: they are learning to hunt and swim.4.Adult polar bear: they live on its own and have young. Vocabulary1.Life cycle n. 生命周期2.Metamorphosis n. 变形3.Tadpole n. 蝌蚪rva n. 幼虫5.Pupa n. 蛹6.Breathe v. 呼吸Breath n. 呼吸7.Hunt v. 捕猎8.Live on its own 自己生存9.Covering n. 覆盖物10.Den n. 窝Unit 3 plantsWhat are some plant parts?Main ideaPlants have parts that help them grow.The Physical characteristic of plants help them meet their needs. Science knowledgeThe parts of plants and their use.1.Leave use air, water and sunlight to make food2.Stem carry water and nutrient (nutrition) from the roots.And give water to leaves and other part of the plant.3.The roots grow into soil and hold the plant.They take water and nutrients from the soil.4.The flower part includes pollen, petals and seeds.The flower make seeds by pollen (a powder).Most of them use pollen from other flowers.Petals attract insects to help them move pollen. Vocabulary1.Physical characteristic n. 体型特征2.meet their need v. 满足他们的需求3.Sunlight n. 阳光4.Stem n. 茎5.Flower n. 花朵6.Pollen n. 花粉7.Petal n. 花瓣8.Seed n. 种子9.Powder n. 粉末10.Attract v. 吸引What are some plant life cycles? Main ideaAll plants have life cycles.They begin with seed, and then grow to a plant. Plants flower to make seeds.Science knowledge(1) the knowledge about plants1.Different plants grow in different time.2.Some trees can live hundreds of years.3.Some p lants don’t have flowers(e.g. pine tree, the seeds are in its cone).4.The fruit grows around the seed to protect them. (2) how the seed grow1.The tiny plant is inside a seed.2.The seed germinates. It become a seedling.3.The stem grow upward towards light.4.The plant grow more root and leaves.5.The plant grow flowers. It makes seeds. Vocabulary1.Germinate v. 发芽2.Seedling n. 幼苗3.Cone n. 松果4.Flower n. 花，花朵v. 开花5.Upward adj. 向上的adv. 向上地6.Hundreds of 成百上千Thousands of 成千上万7.Life cycle n. 生命周期Unit4 EnvironmentsHow do environments change over time? Main ideaEnvironment change over time due to many influences.Natural event (fire...) can harm the environments.We harm the environment by polluting them.Small changes can change the entire environment.Science knowledge(1) How can fire change the environment?1.Fires or some other thing can change the environment.2.It burns the tree and kills the animals.3.The change won’t last forever.Animals return and plants grow.(2) How do plants (kudzu) or animal change environment.1.The kudzu grow very fast, and leaving no sunshine for other plants.2.Plants around it die because they don’t have sunshine.3.Beavers build dam, which blocks the dam.4.It make a pond.(3) what people do effect the environment1.We need resources to meet our needs.2.We can help the environment by1. Plant more trees.2. Reduce trash and keep it clean.3. We harm the environment by1. Cut down trees.2. Pollution and trash harm the environment.Vocabulary1.Change sth entirely = change the entire + sth. 彻底改变某物2.Due to 由于，因为3.Kudzu n. 野葛4.Leave no sth. For sb. 用尽某物不留给某人5.Dam n. 堤坝Beaver n. 河狸6.Resources n. 资源7.Influence n. 影响8.Natural event n. 自然事件How do environmental changes affect living things? Main ideaNatural events such as fire, flood and drought can affect living things. People can do thing to help or to harm the living things. Science knowledge(1). How can natural events affect the environment1.Lightening and other events cause fire to burn.Fire destroy animal’s habitats. Pinecones need fire to open.But it also clear space for new plants to grow.2.Erosion can move sand and rocks.Habitats for us and animals disappear.Too less or too much water can cause drought or flood.(2). How can animals or plants affect the environment?1.By building shelters.2.Some plants take over all the space and make it harder for other plants to live.3.Some animals cause diseases.(3) How do we affect the environment?1.We use resources and cause pollution.2.We build dams to control the water.3.We also help them in many ways.Vocabulary1.Flood n.洪水2.Drought n. 干旱3.Erosion n. 侵蚀4.Shelter n. 避难所5.Take over 接管6.Cause sth to happen 导致某事发生7.In a ... Way 以一种……的方式in a special wayUnit 5How are living things adapted to their environment? Main ideaPlants and animals have adaption for living in different environments. Adoptions help living things survive.Science knowledge(1) how do different kinds of animals adapt and protect.1.Camels live in places that are dry and sandy.They got long eyelashes to keep sand out of their eyes.2.Penguins have a thick layer of fat to keep them warm.3.Skunks release a strong scent.4.The leaf insect looks like a leaf(2) how do plants protect and adapt?1.Rain forest plants have large leaves to get sunlight.2.Cacti have a thick stem to store water.3.Some plants have thorns to prevent animals from eating.4.Some plants taste bad.Vocabulary1.A layer of 一层2.Adapt v. 适应Adaption = something that help a living thing to survive.3.Thorn n. 尖刺4.Scent n. 气味5.Eyelashes n. 眼睫毛6.Daffodil n.水仙花7.Prevent n. 阻止What are ecosystems?Main ideaAn ecosystem is made of plants, animals, water, soil and other things. Living and Non-living things depend on each other in an ecosystem. Habitats are where a population lives.Science knowledgeThe ecosystem on land and water1.Plants and animals help each other in the ecosystem. (details in U1)2.Many animals and plants live in a ecosystem.3. There are food chains in every ecosystems.Animals eat plants or animals.4.The underwater ecosystem are made by tiny animals called corals. Vocabularymunity n. 群落，社区2.Habitat n. 栖息地 inhabitant n. 居民，住户Habitable n. 适宜居住的3.Ecosystem n. 生态系统4.Corals n. 珊瑚5.Population n. 种群 popular n. 受欢迎的anism n. 微生物7.Otter n. 水獭，水獭皮8.Tropical n. 热带 tropical storm9.Anemones n. 海葵，银莲花。
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• Many birds move from one place to anther because of climate change.
• Human beings also move, we can walk, dance, jump, and climb. Some of us can also swim.
Living things can excrete waste.
• The waste is harmful to the body, so it is necessary to remove the waste from animals’ bodies.
• Plants also need to remove the waste, you will see the leaves and bark fall or drop yearly.
• Plants movement is not tht can move part of their bodies to get what they need.
Living things can grow.
• All living things can grow to be big and heavy. A seed can grow into a tree and a baby can grow into a child.
Characteristics of living things
1 .Living things can move. 2. Living things can grow. 3. Living things can breathe and respire. 4. Living things can reproduce. 5. Living things can respond to stimuli. 6. Living things can excrete waste. 7. All living things need food to keep alive.
All living things need food to keep alive.
• We all know that food provides energy for living things. Without food, living things will die soon.
• But different organisms take in different kinds of food.
Living things can breathe and respire.
• Most living things need air to keep alive. Most animals with back bones, like humans, birds, reptiles use lungs to breathe.
• Fishes use their gills to breathe.
• Most of the animals without backbones, like the insects, shrimps and mollusks use lungs to breathe.
• The plants breathe through their leaves.
The definition of living and non-living things
Living things have seven characteristics below and non-living things don’t have all the characteristics that livings have.
Living things can reproduce.
• All living things can reproduce. • Animals produce babies or eggs and
plants produce seeds. • The babies and seeds are called
• Now ,can you tell us why a car, a fan and a balloon are not living things though they move or float?
Living things can respond to stimuli.
• Responding to the stimuli is the knowledge or ability which allows animals and people naturally to act in particular ways without having to think or to be taught. So, whenever there is a stimulus, living things will respond to it immediately.
offspring. • The parent animals and plants pass on
their features to their offspring.
• Without reproducing, humans and animals can’t live generation after generation, the society and the nature can’t develop or be improved.
Living things can move.
• Many animals can move their bodies from one place to anther. They move because of escaping danger or trying to find food or water.