U5写作

My father died from “the poor man’s friend”, pneumonia, one hard winter when his lung illnesses had left him low. I doubt he had much lung left at all, after coughing for so many years. He had so little breath that, during his last years, he was always leaning on something. I remembered once, at a family reunion, when my daughter was two, that my father picked her up for a minute—long enough for me to photograph them—but the effort was obvious. Near the very end of his life, and largely because he had no more lungs, he quit smoking. He gained a couple of pounds, but by then he was so slim that no one noticed.
Exercise Exercise Exercise A B C
Ex. A Complete the following paragraph by filling in the words and expressions given below.
in 1971
around 1945
about twenty years later
To indicate position or direction, you may used such words or phrases as:
from here, inside, out of, in front of, behind, at the back of, next to, beside, on, over, above, under, beneath, beyond, on the right/left-hand side, on the corner, on the opposite side of, between
One logical way to develop a paragraph is to arrange the supporting details in a time sequence, from the beginning to the middle to the end. In this kind of chronological organization, earlier occurrences precede later ones. In this way the writer virtually leads the reader step by step to the completion of an event by well-placed words of transition or clear-cut instructions. Time order is useful in explaining a process, in writing about historical events, or in telling a story. You may use specific transitional expressions listed below:
By the late forties and early fifties no one rolled his own anymore (and few women smoked) in my hometown of Eatonton, Georgia. The tobacco industry, coupled with Hollywood movies in which both male and female heroes smoked like chimneys, completely won over people like my father, who were hopelessly hooked by cigarettes. He never looked as fashionable as Prince Albert, though; he continued to look like a poor, overweight, hard working colored man with too large a family, black, with a very white cigarette stuck in his mouth.
She doesn’t know this, but it was Camels that my father, her grandfather, smoked. But before he smoked
cigarettes made by manufacturers—when he was very young and very poor, with glowing eyes—he smoked Prince Albert tobacco in cigarettes he rolled himself. I remember the bright-red tobacco tin, with a picture of Queen Victoria’s partner, Prince Albert, dressed in a black dress coat and carrying a cane.
when… while… until… as… at last finally eventually at the end
Examine paragraphs 2-5 of the passage and see how it tells the story of the writer’s father in a time sequence.
Mr. Cook, a renowned American historian, arranges the books on his bookshelves in a unique way. In the upper right hand corner , there are books about the development of the early colonies in new England and the War of Independence. Right under them can be found books on the slave trade, the plantation system and the growth of the southern states. The left side of the shelf contains hundreds of books concerning subjects of the Westward Movement, Indian culture, the cowboys’ contributions to American society and the Gold Rush in California. From the description above, one can see that Mr. Cook regards his bookshelves as a map of the U.S. and arranges his history books a c c o r d i n g l y. I t i s o d d , b u t i t i s c o n v e n i e n t .
I do not remember when he started to cough. Perhaps it was unnoticeable at first, a little coughing in the morning as he lit his first cigarette upon getting out of bed. By the time I was sixteen, my daughter’s age, his breath was a wheeze, embarrassing to hear; he could not climb stairs without resting every third or fourth step. It was not unusual for him to cough for an hour.
Writing
Order in a paragraph (I)
INTRODUCTION
Now that you have learned how to achieve unity and coherence in the paragraph, your next concern is how to arrange your material in an orderly way. In the following two units, we’ll focus on the most common ways of arranging ideas or items of information.
When you write a paragraph, you may choose to arrange your material according to an order of
time
space
logic
In this unit, we’ll focus on the first two.