2017年广西民族大学写作与翻译考研真题A卷(Word版)
广西民族大学828民族教育学2017年考研专业课真题试卷
广西民族大学2017年考研专业课初试真题
广西民族大学
2017年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目试题
试卷代号：A卷科目代码：828科目名称：民族教育学
考生须知
1．答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题、草稿纸上无效。
2．答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。
3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭证）。
否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。
一、简述题（每小题25分，共75分；任选3题作答）
1．试从不同角度简述民族教育的基本概念。
（25分）
2．简述民族教育实施的基本要素。
（25分）
3．简述我国少数民族现代教育体系的主要构成。
（25分）
4．简述民族地区双语教育的基本功能。
（25分）
二、论述题（共75分）
1.请结合我国或他国民族教育政策及发展历程，自行从政策取向、培养目标、经费
保障等不同方面谈谈民族教育政策的基本趋势（35分）
2．请从文化的视角论述民族教育的个性与共性.（40分）
第1页共1页
精都考研（）——全国100000考研学子的选择。
2017考研英语一翻译真题解析.doc
2017考研英语一翻译真题解析.doc Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional languagecapabilities.David Graddol concludes that moonlit English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that, (48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish , Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related exploresearn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage. The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.【答案】(46)翻译：但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。
2017年广西民族大学基础英语考研真题A卷
2017年广西民族大学基础英语考研真题A卷一、Grammar, Vocabulary and General KnowledgeDirections: Find the ONE choice that best completes the sentence（.每小题 1 分，共 40 小题，共40 分）1.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A.They have enough time to finish the paper.B.Dad says the meat is not enough cooked.C.You are not old enough to buy alcohol.D.She plays well enough for a beginner.2.In “She felt sick from tiredness”, the italicized word is used to indicateA. comparison.B. purpose.C. cause.D. direction.3. Which of the following sentences has an object complement?A. I will buy you a present.B. Mom gave me a necklace.C. I’m going to paint it pink.D. Tom is teaching children Japanese.4. Smoking is so harmful to health that it kills ____ each year than automobile accidents.A. more seven times peopleB. seven times more peopleC. more people seven timesD. people seven times more5. Sorry I’m late. I ____ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.A. mightB. shouldC. mustn’tD. couldn’t6. Mr. White, together with all his colleagues, ____ for Europe this morning.A. are leavingB. leaveC. is leavingD. are to leave7. The new designed bedroom seems to be a great deal larger than ____.A. it is necessaryB. being necessaryC. to be necessaryD. is necessary8. He was determined to sail around the world ____ his illness and old age.A. givenB. althoughC. despiteD. in spite9. Mr. White has become bad-tempered since he indulges in Gambling. He is no longer theman ____ used to be.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that10. You ____ call your father’s name directly. It’s impolite in China.A. oughtn’tB. mustn’tC. needn’tD. wouldn’t11. It is not ____ much his appearance I like as his personality.A. asB. veryC. soD. that12. There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A. thatB. whichC. untilD. if13. They did the experiment ____ their chemistry teacher had instructed.A. asB. thoughC. untilD. when14. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes ____ on the blackboard.A. fixingB. fixedC. are fixingD. are fixed15. I don’t think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A. thatB. thisC. youD. it16. Mary was ____to tears by their criticism.A. sunkB. reducedC. forcedD. declined17.The police fortunately gained the key clew according to the foot mark in the____ of the road.A. clayB. dirtC. mudD. soil18. These magnificent ____ buildings demonstrate the great intelligence of the laboringpeople.A. antiqueB. ancientC. primitiveD. remote19. I don’t remember meeting him, but the name John Smith rings a bell. The underlined partmeans ____.A. is omittedB. is warnedC. is appearingD. isfamiliar20.These goods are ____ for export, though a few of them may be sold on the homemarket.A. essentiallyB. completelyC. necessarilyD. remarkably21. Food will ____ if the temperature in your freezer rises above 8℃.A. decayB. rotC. spoilD. corrupt22. The small company isn’t ____ of handling an order that large.A. ableB. capableC. competentD. qualified23. Sometimes it’s good to stop for a while to think about the past and ____ the future.A. contaminateB. contemplateC. consolidateD. contradict24.School fees, illness, house repairs and other ____ have reduced his bank balanceto almost nothing.A. paymentB. amountC. figuresD. expenses25.Many people, including college students of all ages, spend little time in ____of physical fitness.A. searchB. viewC. lightD. pursuit26. There’s no denying that as we age ____, our body ages right along with us.A. chronologicallyB. significantlyC. deceptivelyD.deliberately27.We made an effort not to leave my friend out in the cold when we were planningthe birthday party. The underlined part means ____.A. embarrassB. humiliateC. ignoreD. exhaust28. The company has to make its accounts and operations as ____ as possible.A. distinctB. evidentC. explicitD.transparent29. His ability to absorb information was astonishing, but his concentration ____ was short.A. gapB. intervalC. spanD. distance30. She is generally ____ as one of the best modern poets.A. classedB. gradedC. rankedD. rated31. ____ is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.A. The Glorious RevolutionB. The English ReformationC. The RenaissanceD. The English Civil War32. In the US, the largest city along the Pacific Coast is ____A. San FranciscoB. Los Angeles.C. Seattle.D. Chicago.33. In Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury, he used the technique of ____, in which the wholestory was told through the thoughts of a character.A. imagismB. stream of consciousnessC. naturalismD. symbolism34. Percy Bysshe Shelley did not write ____A. Song of Myself.B. Prometheus Unbound.C. Ode to the West Wind.D. Queen Mab.35. ____ is not a modernist novelist of Britain.A. James JoyceB. Virginia WoolfC.wrence D. Henry James____ is the manifestation of grammatical relationships through the addition of affixes, such as number, person, finiteness, aspect and case, which don’t change the grammatical class of the stems to which they are attached.A. Word formationB. InflectionC. CompoundD. Derivation37. One way to analyze lexical meaning isA. predication analysis.B. stylistic analysis.C. componential analysis.D. proposition analysis.38. ____ is NOT the characteristic of conversational implicature.A. CalculabilityB. CancellabilityC. DetachabilityD. Non-conventionality39. A sound pronounced with the vocal cords vibrating is said to be ____ sound.A. voicelessB. voicedC. consonantD. resonant40. Which function is the major role of language?A. Informative.B. Interpersonal.C. Performative.D. Emotive.二、ClozeDirections: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank thereare four choices marked [A]，[B]，[C] and [D] .You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.（每小题 1 分，共 20 小题，共 20 分）According to BT's futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1, 000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.Pearson has __1__ together to work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a __2__ millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates whenwe can expect hundreds of key __3__ and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an __4__ life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs __5__ into use between now and 2040.Pearson also __6__ a breakthrough in computer human links. “By linking __7__ to our nervous system, computers could pick up __8__ we feel and, hopefully, simulate __9__ too so that we can start to __10__ full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,” he says.But that, Pearson points __11__, is only the start of man-machine __12__: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will __13__ lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.” __14__ his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no __15__ for when faster-than-light travel will be __16__, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does __17__ social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, __18__ problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic __19__ robots will mean people may not be able to __20__ between their human friends and the droids. And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.1. [A] taken [B] pieced [C] kept [D] made2. [A] complicated [B] delicate [C] subtle [D] unique3. [A] breakthroughs [B] findings [C] events [D] incidents4. [A] expanded [B] extended [C] enlarged [D] enriched5. [A] being [B] becoming [C] carrying [D] coming6. [A] schedules [B] plans [C] predicts [D] designs7. [A] directly [B] instantly [C] precisely [D] automatically8. [A] that [B] how [C] what [D] all9. [A] thinking [B] hearing [C] sight [D] feeling10. [A] form [B] develop [C] find [D] undertake11. [A] out [B] at [C] to [D] toward12. [A] program [B] production [C] experiment [D] integration13. [A] finally [B] ultimately [C] utterly [D] absolutely14. [A] Through [B] Though [C] During [D] By15. [A] forecasts [B] articles [C] stories [D] meetings16. [A] advisable [B] affordable [C] available [D] valuable17. [A] solve [B] arose [C] exercise [D] expect18. [A] confront [B] cause [C] witness [D] collect19. [A] lovely [B] likely [C] lifelike [D] lively20. [A] distinguish [B] differ [C] diagnose [D] deviate三、Reading Comprehension （选择题每小题 1 分，共 10 小题；填空题每小题 1 分，共 8 小题；简答题每小题 2 分，共 11 小题；共 40 分）PASSAGE ONEThe Work-Life BalanceThis month the TUC is campaigning against, what it calls, Britain's "long hours culture". But do the British actually work too long? And if we do, is it doing us, or society at large, any harm?Over the past 150 years working hours across the developed world have beenfalling. In the mid-nineteenth century men in Britain, in paid employment, workedfor at least 55 hours per week. Hours worked then began a steady drop -- the riseof trade unionism is one explanation, but then, after the First World War theyplateaued. From 1951 onwards they dropped again but this fall was brought to a suddenhalt in 1981 with the onset of the deregulatory economic policies of the Thatcheryears. Working hours reached a high in 1997 when the UK average number of hoursworked hit 45.8 per week, falling to 44.3 hours per week in 2004.The main reason for this recent decline has been the impact of EU's WorkingTime Directive which stipulated that no one could work more than 48 hours in a week,unless special exemption had been jointly applied for by both employers andemployees. Nonetheless, in European terms, we are still doing badly in terms ofhours worked -- British workers are at the top, or bottom, of the hours charts,depending on your point of view. In 2004 British workers put in almost two and ahalf hours more per week than the average European worker -- although that was animprovement on 2001 when the gap was three and a quarter hours.In terms of actual hours worked, for those fortunate enough to be living andworking in the Netherlands the average was just 38.8 hours a week, whilst for thoseunfortunate enough to be working in Britain, the average was 43.5 hours. Workersin our closest European competitors, France and Germany, worked 38.9 hours and 39.6hours per week respectively. And yet, according to research both French and Germanworkers are around 20% more productive than their British counterparts. And we doequally badly when it comes to holidays. The European average for annual paid leaveis 26.5 days per year -- again the UK is near the bottom of the league with an averageof 24.5 days of annual leave.However, these raw figures don't tell the whole story. During the 1980s and1990s it was fashionable to predict that the "revolution in work" had begun.Business gurus were forecasting that the then current work norm, in which themajority of the workforce were in full-time employment at places of work away fromhome would give way to the majority having portfolios of part-time, temporary jobs,with many working either from home or from mobile office environments. This wouldresult in a blurring between work and home, leisure, and employment -- thus concernsabout hours worked would become little more than of historical interest.This view is backed up by Michael Moynagh in Working in the Twenty-First Century.After examining trends in working time over the past twenty years, and casting theirfindings forward, they conclude: "On balance it is likely that contracted workingtime will continue to drop, if slowly and intermittently".According to the research project "The Future of Work" led by Professor Peter Nolan of Leeds University, the notion that the nature of work is changing radically is systematically demolished.Based on a nationwide survey of employees Professor Nolan reports that the project found that, contrary to this conventional wisdom, the "end of work" scenario had not come to pass. In fact the 1990s had seen a growth, not a contraction, in the proportion of employees in full-time permanent jobs. In 2000, 92% of workers were in permanent work compared with 88% eight years earlier. And in 2000 only 5.5% said they were working on a temporary contract, compared with 7.2% in 1992. "Such startling figures do not suggest Britain is rapidly developing a more flexible labour market when measured by the extent of employment stability. Indeed, the permanent job remains very much the overwhelming norm and this is true across every occupational category."Nor was the notion of "going to work" in decline. The researchers found that most people still leave their homes for paid employment, only 3% of employees said they worked partly at home and a further 1.1% said they worked solely or mainly at home.Thus, arguments about working time are still very central to debates about the nature of the work experience. The Future of Work survey found that dissatisfaction with the hours that people were having to work had increased dramatically. In 1992 35% of men were satisfied with their hours, by 2000 this had fallen to 20%; the decline among women employees was even sharper, down from 51% in 1992 to 29% in 2000. And this decline was, in terms of social class, across the board.Professor Jonathan Gershuny is an expert on the work-life balance. He paid particular attention, not just to paid work but to two related issues -- women's unpaid work and leisure time. Gershuny notes how leisure time itself has become increasingly congested as people have less and less time to "consume" more and more leisure. He quotes from American sociologist Steffan Linder, who noted that as part and parcel of their "success" the harried executive might buy themselves a yacht; and yet the time they make available to enjoy their leisure activities diminishes the more successful they become. Gershuny paints a picture of the harried executive having to plan their leisure time almost as rigorously as they plan their working day.He also casts his eye over the unpaid work that is mainly done by women in the home. He notes how, despite the spread of "labour-saving" devices, the time women spend on domestic chores had not reduced, if anything it had gone up. This is because, as domestic work has become easier so "standards" have risen -- rooms that wereswept once a week are now swept once a day and meals that were cooked simply to be nourishing now had to be "interesting" as well. Gershuny reports that women on average spend 45-hours a week on unpaid domestic work; but where they had a full-time job this time went down to 22 hours a week. For men, his research showed that irrespective of whether or not they were in full-time work they spent an underwhelming 30 minutes a day on domestic chores. No doubt many of those same men would privately applaud the sentiments expressed in a Japanese research report that concluded: "Housewives by nature enjoy doing housework. For housewives, it is difficult to distinguish between housework and leisure." Then again, perhaps not, as times have moved on somewhat.Questions 1-4Choose the best answer.1.Which statement best describes the change of British working hours?A. Over the past 150 years, British working hours fluctuated by as long as 10hours.B.British workers worked 3 hours longer every week than their Europeancounterparts in 2001.C.British workers worked longer than French and German workers with higherproductivity.D. British workers have the least annual paid leave.2.What does the sentence "thus concerns about hours worked would become little morethan of historical interest" imply?A.Since there is no wild change in British working hours, the forecasting ofwork norm lost meaning.B.There is no point in concerning about working hours since it is hard to separateemployment and leisure.C.The notion that the nature of work has changed is not right.D.The end of work scenario makes research impossible.3.What can we see from the research findings of Michael Moynagh and Peter Nolan?A.They agreed that in the future, contracted working time will decrease.B.They agreed that more British would like to work from mobile officeenvironments.C.They have different conclusions and forecasts about British working time.D.Both are against conventional wisdom that the end of work has come.4.Professor Jonathan Gershuny notes that ______.A.men take over most housework when women are in full-time workB.people work harder in free time to consume what they produce in work timeC.if you are top managers, you have more leisure time availableD.women spend less time on domestic chores latelyQuestions 5-9Answer the following questions briefly by using NO MORE THAN TEN words.5.What is the result of working from home or mobile office environments?6.What are the percentages of people working partly at home and solely at homerespectively?7.What is the dominant working norm?8.Which phrase expresses the meaning that both managers and manual workers complainabout the long hours culture?9.What is one of the two issues that Professor Jonathan Gershuny paid specialattention to.Questions 10-12Complete the following sentences with NO MORE THAN THREE words.10.According to the Future of Work survey, women are______________________dissatisfied with their working hours.11.The more successful people are, the _____________________ time they have toenjoy themselves.12.The appearance of _____________________ actually increased time of doingdomestic chores.PASSAGE TWOAlready penitent for his angry action, but too stubborn to make amends, Mason toiled on at the head of the cavalcade, little dreaming that danger hovered in the air. The timber clustered thick in the sheltered bottom, and through this they threaded their way. Fifty feet or more from the trail towered a lofty pine. For generations it had stood there, and for generations destiny had had this one end in view--perhaps the same had been decreed of Mason.He stooped to fasten the loosened thong of his moccasin. The sleds came to ahalt, and the dogs lay down in the snow without a whimper. The stillness was weird;not a breath rustled the frost-encrusted forest; the cold and silence of outer spacehad chilled the heart and smote the trembling lips of nature. A sigh pulsed throughthe air--they did not seem to actually hear it, but rather felt it, like thepremonition of movement in a motionless void. Then the great tree, burdened withits weight of years and snow, played its last part in the tragedy of life. He heardthe warning crash and attempted to spring up but, almost erect, caught the blowsquarely on the shoulder.The sudden danger, the quick death--how often had Malemute Kid faced it! The pine needles were still quivering as he gave his commands and sprang into action. Nor did the Indian girl faint or raise her voice in idle wailing, as might many of her white sisters. At his order, she threw her weight on the end of a quickly extemporized handspike, easing the pressure and listening to her husband's groans, while Malemute Kid attacked the tree with his ax. The steel rang merrily as it bit into the frozen trunk, each stroke being accompanied by a forced, audible respiration, the 'Huh!' 'Huh!' of the woodsman. At last the Kid laid the pitiablething that was once a man in the snow. But worse than his comrade's pain was the dumb anguish in the woman's face，the blended look of hopeful，hopeless query. Little was said； those of the Northland are early taught the futility of words and the inestimable value of deeds. With the temperature at sixty-five below zero，a man cannot lie many minutes in the snow and live. So the sled lashings were cut，and the sufferer，rolled in furs，laid on a couch of boughs. Before him roared a fire ，built of the very wood which wrought the mishap. Behind and partially over him was stretched the primitive fly -- a piece of canvas ， which caught the radiating heat and threw it back and down upon him -- a trick which men may know who study physics at the fount.And men who have shared their bed with death know when the call is sounded. Mason was terribly crushed. The most cursory examination revealed it. His right arm，leg，and back were broken；his limbs were paralyzed from the hips；and the likelihood of internal injuries was large. An occasional moan was his only sign of life.No hope ； nothing to be done. The pitiless night crept slowly by -- Ruth's portion ，the despairing stoicism of her race，and Malemute Kid adding new lines to his face of bronze. In fact ，Mason suffered least of all，for he spent his time in eastern Tennessee，in the Great Smoky Mountains，living over the scenes of his childhood. And most pathetic was the melody of his long-forgotten Southern vernacular，as he raved of swimming holes and coon-hunts and watermelon raids. It was as Greek to Ruth，but the Kid understood and felt -- felt as only one can feel who has been shut out for years from all that civilization means.Morning brought consciousness to the stricken man ， and Malemute Kid bent closer to catch his whispers.“You remember when we foregathered on the Tanana ， four years come next ice run?I didn't care so much for her then. It was more like she was pretty，and there wasa smack of excitement about it，I think. But d'ye know，I've come to think a heap of her. She's been a good wife to me，always at my shoulder in the pinch. And when it comes to trading，you know there isn't her equal. D'ye recollect the time she shot the Moosehorn Rapids to pull you and me off that rock，the bullets whipping the water like hailstones -- and the time of the famine at Nuklukyeto -- or when she raced the ice-run to bring the news？Yes，she's been a good wife to me，better'n that other one. Didn't know I'd been there？Never told you，eh? Well，I tried it once，down in the States. That's why I'm here. Been raised together，too. I came away to give her a chance for divorce. She got it.”“But that's got nothing to do with Ruth. I had thought of cleaning up and pulling for the Outside next year -- her and I -- but it's too late. Don't send her back to her people，Kid. It's beastly hard for a woman to go back. Think of it! -- nearly four years on our bacon and beans and flour and dried fruit，and then to go back to her fish and caribou. It's not good for her to have tried our ways，to come to know they're better'n her people's，and then return to them. Take care of her，Kid -- why don't you -- but no，you always fought shy of them -- and you never told me why you came to this country. Be kind to her，and send her back to the Statesas soon as you can. But fix it so she can come back -- liable to get homesick，you know.”“And the youngster -- it's drawn us closer，Kid. I only hope it is a boy. Think of it -- flesh of my flesh，Kid. He mustn't stop in this country. And if it's a girl，why，she can't. Sell my furs；they'll fetch at least five thousand，and I've got as much more with the company. And handle my interests with yours. I think that bench claim will show up. See that he gets a good schooling；and Kid，above all，don't let him come back. This country was not made for white men.”“I'm a gone man，Kid. Three or four sleeps at the best. You've got to go on. You must go on! Remember，it's my wife，it's my boy -- O God! I hope it's a boy! You can't stay by me -- and I charge you，a dying man，to pull on.”Questions 13-15Choose the best answer.13.What is NOT true about Mason’s accident?A.He was struck by an old pine on the shoulder and crushed.B.It was possible his organs had been injured in addition to broken bones.C.He suffered a great deal as he lay waiting for death.D.He was laid on some branches by a great fire in an attempt to recover.14.What do we know about Mason’s wife according to the text?A.She is white like him.B.She is not Mason’s only spouse in life.C.She has been to his hometown.D.She understands Greek.15.What is implied about the character’s lives from the passage?A.Sleds were the main method of transportation.B.The major source of income was fur trading.C.They had to be calm and resourceful in the wild.D.The far north is not suitable for white people.Questions 16-17Answer the following questions briefly by using NO MORE THAN TEN words.16.Why does Mason think Ruth is a good wife?What was “fly” in paragraph 3 used for?PASSAGE THREENature versus cultureTo what extent have indigenous peoples suffered at the hands ofconservation?When US primatologist Dian Fossey arrived in Rwanda to study the mountain gorillas of the Parcs des Volcans in September 1967, her immediate concern was that their habitat was being eroded by human activity. As the government and wildlife authorities were turning a blind eye, she took the law into her own hands and organised patrols to drive out those she considered to be intruders in the park.Many of those targeted were local farmers who were grazing cattle and growing crops, collecting water, wood and bamboo or hunting small mammals. But the VirungaMountains were also home to the Batwa, pygmy hunter- gatherers who, for thousands of years, had lived on their forested slopes. Fossey took an instant dislike to the Batwa and adopted-vigilante tactics to ensure they stayed away from "her" gorillas.While Fossey's actions represented a huge inconvenience for the Bahutu and Batutsi farmers, for the Batwa they proved devastating. The forest was integral to their lifestyle: it provided them with food and medicine and was the centre of their cultural activities. Without it, they became destitute. They had neither the skills nor the resources to become farmers and were given no compensation or alternative. Considered second-class citizens -- unclean, stupid, untrustworthy -- by their neighbours, they were forced to live in hovels on the fringes of villages, scratching around in wasteland to eke out a living. By the early 1990s, begging was the main source of income for 70 per cent of Rwandan Batwa.The experience of the Batwa is one shared by millions of indigenous peoples around the world who have suffered at the hands of conservation. "Historically the impact of protected areas has been very negative because the rights of the local communities of indigenous peoples haven't been taken into account," says Marcus Colchester, director of the Forest Peoples' Programme, a UK organisation that promotes the interests of indigenous peoples around the world. "The establishment of parks and reserves has often required their forced removal and placed severe limits on their rights of access and use of natural resources. Hence, there has been a lot of conflict, impoverishment, suffering and cultural loss."The traditional fence-and-guards approach to conservation grew out of the US national parks movement of the late 19th century, which began preserving areas of 'natural' wilderness for recreational purposes. Ecologists subsequently decided that nature should be preserved in a pristine form, uncontaminated by human activity.Over the past 40 years, conservation of biodiversity has become an increasingly high-profile topic and there has been a corresponding rise in the number of protected areas. According to the World Conservation Union (IUCN) there were just over 1,000 in 1962; today there are more than 102,000, covering a terrestrial area of 17.1 million square kilometres, 11.5 per cent of the world's land.To date, there hasn't been any conclusive research into the extent to which establishing these areas affects indigenous peoples. But most protected areas were inhabited at one time. In 2000, WWF estimated that 86 per cent of South America's national parks were inhabited by people, most of them indigenous, and 90 per cent of protected areas in the Americas as a whole hosted indigenous peoples. However, it isn't just the indigenous peoples who have lost out to the traditional。
2017年广西民族大学汉语基础考研真题A卷
2021年广西民族大学汉语根底考研真题A卷壹汉语语言学根底知识〔共80分〕一、填空题〔每题1分，共30小题，共30分〕1．语言是一种〔〕结合的符号系统。
2．2001年1月1日起施行的〔〕是中国历史上第一部关于语言文字的专门法。
3．〔〕是有意义内容的语言成分的外部形式。
4．非周期性出现重复波形的音波叫( )。
5．音色的差异主要决定于物体振动所形成的音波波纹的〔〕不同。
6．普通话声母b、p、d、t、g、k从发音方法上看属于〔〕。
7．韵腹是韵母的主干，也叫〔〕。
8．去声调类对应的调值是〔〕。
9．一个现代汉语普通话音节最多可以由4个〔〕构成。
10．“四呼〞包括开口呼、〔〕、合口呼和撮口呼。
11．重音分为语法重音和〔〕两种。
12．汉字的形体在历史上出现过甲骨文、金文、篆书、〔〕、楷书五种正式字体。
13．〔〕是构成汉字的预制构件，是比笔画高一级的构字单位。
14．采用〔〕给汉字归类，始于东汉许慎的?说文解字?。
15．表示事物、现象的意义叫〔〕，只表示语法作用的意义叫语法意义。
16．区别词和短语的方法是〔〕。
17．“奥运会〞这样的词属于缩略语中的〔〕。
18．“为难〞是联绵词中的〔〕。
19．词根加词缀构成的词叫〔〕。
20．〔〕附着在词的概念义之上，表达人或语境所赋予的特定感受。
21．词的义项多少，是从该词出现的〔〕观察出来的。
22．根本词汇的特点是稳固性、能产性和〔〕。
23．外来词也叫〔〕，指的是从外族语言里借来的词。
24．语法有两个含义：一是〔〕，一是语法学。
25．词的语法功能主要是指实词在语句里充当〔〕的能力。
26．疑问句根据提问的手段和语义情况，可以分为是非问、特指问、选择问和〔〕四种。
27．在口语中，一般采用〔〕法来连接复句的各个分句。
28．量词短语分为数量短语和〔〕两类。
29．表示提示性话语后或总括语前的停顿的标点符号是〔〕。
30．辞格的综合运用常见的有连用、〔〕和套用三种类型。
二、判断题〔每题1分，共20小题，共20分〕1．老人发音消沉，孩子发音清脆高亮，是因为他们声带的厚薄不同。
2017年广西民族大学基础法语考研真题A卷
2017年广西民族大学基础法语考研真题A卷I. Trouvez les noms d’action correspondant aux verbes suivants et n’oubliez pas l’article indéfini. 10%:interrompre bricoler approuverapprendre dégrader apparaîtrecomprendre calculer tenterréfléchirII. Complétez les phrases suivantes avec le pronom qui convient. 15 %1. Les enfants ……........... il a la responsabilité sont ............. légèrement sourds. Son travailconsiste à ............. apprendre à articuler les sons qu'ils n'entendent pas.2. Je te prête le livre ......................... le professeur a fait allusion dans sa conférence.3. ................. n'est plus désagréable que de …….... voir fermer la porte au nez.4. J'ai interrogé trois étudiantes mais .................... d'elles n'a su répondre.5. Je vous passe le journal d'hier, ............ d'aujourd'hui n'est pas encore arrivé.6. Voici la principale raison de mon désaccord, mais il y en a...................., moinsimportantes.7. Aucun de.............. que la police a interrogés n'a pu donner le signalement du voleur.8. ............ ne me concerne pas.9. Vous devez répondre àtoutes les questions sauf à ...............qui sont soulignées en rouge.10. ............. ............. les ont remplacés, n'ont pas la même compétence.11. Je n'ai pas pu trouver de chemise à ma taille : ................. n'était assez grande.III. Complétez les phrases suivantes avec la préposition qui convient, et ajoutez un article si nécessaire. 15 %1.Si vous multipliez 55 ……… 12, qu’obtenez-vous ?2.Je suis payé……….. mois et non ……… semaine.3.Où est le rayon de la nourriture …………. animaux ?4. Elle se tenait ............. du trottoir.5. Quand il est rentré, j'étais ............ douche.6. Ils ont mis leur fils aîné ........ pension.7. C'est Joseph qui était ……..... volant, moi j'étais ........ Arrière.8.Ses trois enfants sont ……...... colonie de vacances ................. Alpes.9.Il est sorti ................. la rue, il a glissé ................une peau debanane et il s'est cogné la tête ............... un poteau.10.Vous avez le choix ............... le modèle courant et le modèle de luxe.IV. Mettez les verbes entre parenthèses au temps et à la forme convenable.25%Vendredi dernier, je devais prendre un train pour Nancy. Je ………………..(compter)passerle week-end chez une copine. Arrivée à la gare, j’………………..(traverser)le hall encourant. Je ……………….. (imaginer) que j’…………………(être) en retard.Quand je ………………….. (arriver) sur le quai, le train ……………… (être) prêt à partir.J’……………….(avoir) la chance de trouver une place libre. Je …………………….(s’installer) et je ……………………..(se mettre) àfeuilleter une revue.Mais au moment oùle train ……………….(aller) partir,je …………………(entendre)quelqu’un appeler mon nom dans le haut-parleur. On me …………………(demander)de meprésenter d’urgence au bureau d’accueil de la gare.Très inquiète, je …………………….(descendre) du train. Quandje ………………..(arriver)àl’accueil, mon portefeuille m’y ………………………(attendre). Je le…………………….. (perdre) dans le hall de la gare quelques instants avant.Par chance la personne qui le…………………….(ramasser) , le………………….(confier) à un employé. A l’intérieur demon portefeuille, il y ……………….(avoir) 1000euros destinés àl’amie chezquije …………………(aller) passer le week-end. Elle me les …………………..(prêter) troismois plus tôt et je ………………(devoir) les lui ……………(rendre).Finalement, je ………………….(rater) mon train, mais,heureusement,je…………………..(retrouver) mon portefeuille !V. Transformez les phrases suivantes, pour utiliser une autre façon d’exprimer.20%1.Prévoyez des vêtements chauds, il risque de faire froid. (au cas où)2.Si elle était venue plus tôt, elle aurait évité de faire la queue. (gérondif)3.Je veux bien vous écouter mais vous devez être bref. (à condition que)4.Nous irons faire du ski, s’il y a de la neige. ( pourvu que)5.Sans réparation sérieuse, cette voiture ne pourra pas marcher.(sauf si) police n'a pas pu prouver le vol, elle a dû relâcher le suspect.(faute de)7.Même si vous insistez, je n’accepeterais pas . (quand bien même)8.Vous pouvez continuer à utiliser ce bout de terrain. En effet, personne nel'a réclamé.(du momemt que)9.Xavier n'a pas eu la moyenne : il avait fait trop de fautes. (propositionrelative)10.J'ai été débordée de travail. Je n'ai pas répondu à votre lettre.(tellementque)VI Lecture 10 %Isabelle Huppert : Barrage contre la banalitéOù en a-t-elle puisé l’énergie ? Dans l’oeuvre de Duras ? Elle m’oppose sa légendaire petite moue : « Je n’avais pas lu le livre ! » Tant de franchise étonne, d’autant qu’Huppert trimballe une solide réputation d’actrice intello. Elle s’en fiche éperdument. Et n’est pas du genre à se faire mousser : la diva du nouveau roman, confesse-t-elle sans afféterie, elle ne la connaissait pas plus que ça.Et, chaque fois, ce furent de bons moments, pas prise de tête pour un centime d’euro : « C’était une femme très généreuse de son temps, affectueuse et très attentive à l’autre, très éloignée de sa caricature. Elle n’avait rien d’intimidant. » Le fait que le courant soit si bien pa ssé avec cette chère Marguerite l’a-t-il aidée àincarner le personnage du film ? « La mère de Duras, dans le livre, est une femme très usée et beaucoup plus dure que moi. J’ai préféré insister sur son incohérence. Et il n’était pas question pour moi de l’aimer ou de ne pas l’aimer. » Dans un français à l’image de ce qu’elle dit—limpide et exigeant—, pour Isabelle Huppert, à l’évidence, un mot est un mot : « Je me laisse guider par mon envie et mes intuitions. Je m’abandonne aux images que j’ai en tête. Mais je ne donne pas tout d’un seul coup. Je garde des réserves d’intensité dramatique pour des moments bien définis, de peur de devenir emphatique. »Mais il n’y a pas que le cinéma dans la vie ; et comment en sort-on, de ces personnages tous plus névrotiques, lorsqu’il faut en revenir à la famille, aux enfants, aux exigences beaucoup moins échevelées du quotidien ? « J’ai souvent connu des longues plages loin des plateaux, mais cette fois-ci, je savoure particuli èrement la pause. Les journées se déroulent sans que je m’en aperçoive. C’est délicieux d’être spectatrice et de jouir d’un luxe pareil. » Tout juste consent-elle àlâcher qu’un de ses loisirs préférés, c’est d’observer les autres. « En toutes circonstances, ça évite de s’ennuyer. Ni un travail ni une activité. Un état de porosité très grand aux situations. »D’un seul coup, phrases brèves et sèches : « Le monde, j’ai fait le choixde ne pas en parler. Un acteur n’a pas à dire ce qu’il en pense. On ne questionnerait pas un peinture, alors pourquoi un acteur ? » Manque de chance, le mot lui hérisse le poil encore plus : « L’humain ne m’intéresse pas. Je déteste ce terme et la compassion qu’il implique. J’ai de l’intransigeance avec la vie. Les bons sentiments ne sont pas mon truc！» Mais qu’on ne s’y trompe pas : nulle méchanceté dans le ton.IrèneFrainParis Match Janvier2009Vocabulairetrimballer v.t. : mener, porter partout avec soiéperdument adv. : follementéchevelé,e adj. : désordonnéintransigeance n.m. : caractère inflexible, qui n’admet aucun compromis1.Le personnage qu’incarne Isabelle Huppert est inspiré par ................ .A.sa lecture des romansB.ses intituitions et ses réservés d’intensité dramatique vie de l’auteurD.sa vie intime2. « n’est pas du genre à se faire mousser » signifie ici ................. .A. est d’humeur changeanteB. ce n’est pas son style de sefaire valoirC. est digne de se faire valoirD. n’est pas d’humeur à se fairevaloir3.« Un étéde porositétrès grand aux situations. » reflète chez cetteactrice ................... .A.un tempérament flexible aux circonstancesB.un caractère aussi sensible que changeantC.un tempérament difficile à supporterD.un tempérament hésitant en toute circonstance4. Ce qui distingue l’interprétation d’Isabelle Huppert des autres actrices consisteen ................ . performance qui focalise le drame de la vie performance éloignée de l’incandescence du sentiment performance qui reflète la vie au lieu de se plongerdans l’humanité D. la performance égocentriquement pourrait-on définir le caractère de l’article ?A. Intuitive et résolue.B. Sensible et changeante.C. Rigide et inflexible.D. Sympatique et bénévole.VII. Traduction. 40%A. Traduisez en chinois : 20 %Et si Françoise s’amusait de l’air épouvanté de ma tante quand de son lit elle avait aperçu dans la rue du Saint-Esprit une de ces personnes qui avait l’air de venir chez elle ou quand elle avait entendu un coup de sonnette, elle riait encore bien plus, et comme d’un bon tour, des ruses toujours victorieuses de ma tante pour arriver à les faire congédier et de leur mine déconfite en s’en retournant sans l’avoir vue, et, au fond, admirait sa maîtresse qu’elle jugeait supérieure à tous ces gens puisqu’elle ne voulait pas les recevoir. En somme, ma tante exgeait à la fois qu’on l’approuvât dans son régime, qu’on la plaignît pour ses souffrances et qu’on la rassurât sur son avenir.—Marcel Proust, Du côté de chezSwannsB. Traduisez en français：20%中国画是不同于西方油画的一种绘画艺术，它以东方的艺术美，吸引着国外的艺鉴赏家和收藏家。
广西民族大学2018年《817写作与翻译》考研专业课真题试卷
广西民族大学2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试自命题科目试题试卷代号：A科目代码：817科目名称：写作与翻译考生须知1．答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题、草稿纸上无效。
2．答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。
3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭证）。
否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。
I.Translating the following text into English.(每小题20分，共2小题，共40分）（1）我们赶时间。
最爱“快进”，狂点“刷新”。
评论，要抢“沙发”。
寄信，最好是特快专递。
拍照，最好是立等可取。
坐车，最好是高速公路、高速铁路、磁悬浮。
坐飞机，最好是直航。
做事，最好是名利双收。
创业，最好是一夜暴富。
结婚，最好有现房现车。
可是，我们同时又是世界上最耐心的人。
我们以前排队炒股，头天晚上就排队买认购证。
现在我们排队买房，提前三天就全家轮班开始排。
（2）我现在居住的地方，风景并不坏，从扶疏绿柳中望过去，可以看见旭日下黄浦江闪射的金色光辉，水上常有船驶过，白帆映着荡漾水光，有如银浦流云。
打开窗子，可以听见风送来浩渤宏壮江涛激石的声响。
宇宙是静谧的，但跳跃着永久生命的脉搏，唱颂着永久生命的歌声。
不过在我烦闷的时候，这些景色，都成了灰暗的一片，所给我的只有一种漠然的感觉。
II.Translating the following text into Chinese.(每小题20分，共2小题，共40分）（1）I climbed the heights above Yosemite Valley,California in order to see the splendid granite mountain,Half Dome,in its fullest view.Approaching the edge through the woods I was filled with heightened expectation.I saw the ruin of a cabin and my approach caused the alignment of the chimney on this side of the valley with the shorn mountain across the valley.I stopped.Something happened.The stone verticals corresponded,one human-shaped,the other natural.The human site was still engaged in sightseeing.I was on its side.I saw the famous sight through the eyes of the ruin.I had come expecting beauty;I discovered an unexpected dimension to the beauty of the scene.（2）The international community should conscientiously sum up the lessons of the financial crisis.It should conduct necessary reform on the international financial system and create a new system environment conducive to healthy global economic development.This should be conducted on the basis of full consultation among all parties concerned,by grasping the direction for building a new international financial order which is fair,just,inclusive,and第1页共2页。
广西民族大学考研真题_英语翻译基础2017年
广西民族大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试初试自命题科目试题试卷代号：A卷科目代码：357科目名称：英语翻译基础考生须知1．答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题、草稿纸上无效。
2．答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。
3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭证）。
否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。
Part I.Terminology and Phrase Translation(30%)1.Translate the following terms,phrases or acronyms into Chinese(15points).（1）retail therapy（2）maternity leave（3）closet psycho（4）crowd funding（5）group interview（6）wardrobe hoarder（7）adverse drug reaction（8）livelihood issues（9）brand copycats（10）ride sharing（11）clean eating（12）selfie stick（13）tit-for-tat giving（14）IOU note（15）multi-level marketing 2.Translate the following terms,phrases or acronyms into English(15points).（1）节操（2）豆腐渣工程（3）中国式过马路（4）底线思维（5）裸官（6）土豪金（7）人口红利（8）广场舞（9）中国东盟博览会（10）幸福指数（11）退休双轨制（12）科学发展观（13）亚太经合组织（14）社会主义初级阶段（15）海上丝绸之路Part II Passage Translation(120%)1.Translate the following into Chinese(60points).One evening I look out the window of my secluded cabin,and there are soft flakes falling in the golden lamplight.They fall all night,while the voice of the river becomes more and more hushed and the noises of the forest die away.By dawn,the whole world of stream and wood and mountain has been kindled to a white flame of beauty.I go out in the morning and there is such silence that even breath is a profanation.The mountain to the north has a steel-blue light on it,and to the west the sky still holds something of the darkness of the night.To the east and the south a faint pink is spreading.I look up and see the morning star keeping white watch over a white world.After heavy snowfalls,it is the evergreens that are the loveliest,with their great white branches weighted down until they are almost parallel with the trunks.They seem like giant birds with their wings folded against the cold.The sky is clear blue now and the sun has flung diamonds down on meadow and bank and wood.Beauty,the virgin,walks here quietly,no sign upon the immaculate snow.The silence is dense and deep.Even the squirrels have stopped their ribald chattering.And fain snowbird第1页共2页。
2017年广西民族大学广播电视概论考研真题A卷
2017年广西民族大学广播电视概论考研真题A卷
考生须知
1．答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题、草稿纸上无效。
2．答题时一律使用蓝或黑色钢笔、签字笔书写。
3．交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭证）。
否则，产生的一切后果由考生自负。
一、名词解释（每小题6分，共5小题，共30分）
1．手机广播
2．音效
3．拉镜头
4．《一口菜饼子》
5．视听率
二、问答题（每小题20分，共3小题，共60分）
1．我国人民广播事业的发展历程分为哪几个阶段？每个阶段的主要特点是什么？2．根据话题内容和表现形式，广播电视谈话节目可大致分为哪几类？
3．举例说明什么是硬新闻？什么是软新闻？
三、论述题（每小题30分，共2小题，共60分）
1．你最关注的2016年广播电视业热点问题是什么？谈谈你的认识和见解。
2．请结合实例，论述情景喜剧的基本模式。