初升高英语衔接班第3讲

【同步教育信息】一. 本周教学内容：初升高英语衔接班第3讲总结it的用法和there be句型的用法二. 重、难点：（一）It的用法小结1. It作主语的句子（1）It指前面已经提到过的人或事物（有时指心目中的或成为问题的人或事物）时，It是真正的主语。

如：What’s this ? ——It’s a horse . 这是什么？——这是一匹马。

Who is it ? ——It’s me . 谁？——是我。

It’s the wind shaking the window . 是风刮得窗户响。

（2）It指时间、季节如：What time is it ? ——It’s nine . 几点了？——九点了。

It’s time for the meeting . Let’s go . 开会的时间到了，我们走吧！What day is today ? ——It’s Saturday . 今天星期几？——今天星期六。

What is the date today ? ——It’s Oct.（the）1st . 今天是几号？——今天是十月一号。

What season is it ? ——It is summer . 现在是什么季节？——是夏季。

（3）It指气候。

Is it cold in this room ? ——No , it isn’t . 屋里冷吗？——不冷。

What’s the weather like today ? ——It’s fine . 今天天气怎么样？——是晴天。

It often rains in summer and it often snows in winter in this city .这个城市夏天经常下雨，冬天经常下雪。

（4）It指距离、情况等。

如：It is five kilometres from my home to the school .从我家到学校有5公里。

It is very near from this factory to that one .从这个工厂到那个工厂非常近。

It is a long way to the sea .（这）离海很远。

Is it well with you ? 你身体好吗？2. It作形式主语动词不定式、动名词短语或从句在句中起主语作用，而这一部分用词较多时，可用it作为形式主语，放在句首代表其后所说的事实上的、真正的主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。

（1）It +谓语+动词不定式。

It作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语。

如：It is difficult to climb a mountain . 爬山是很艰难的。

It is a good habit to do morning exercises . 做早操是个好习惯。

It is important to do proper memory work in the study of a foreign language .在学习外语时适当地做一些有助于记忆的练习是很重要的。

It is right to do so . 这样做是对的。

（2）It+谓语+动名词短语。

It作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语。

如：It is no use learning without thinking . 学而不思则罔。

It’s useless arguing with a silly boy . 和笨孩子争论是没有用的。

（3）It+谓语+名词性从句。

It作形式主语，以that引导的名词性从句是真正的主语。

如：It is a pity that you didn’t see such a good film .你没看这么好的电影，真可惜。

It is certain that we shall succeed . 我们一定会成功。

It is strange that nobody knows where he lives .真奇怪，谁也不知道他住在哪里。

It is said that the plane will take off at ten tomorrow morning .据说飞机明天上午十点起飞。

3. It作形式宾语It作形式宾语，代表其后所说的真正的宾语。

真正的宾语是以that引导的名词性从句或不定式短语。

如：I consider it wrong that you Chinese students learn English without comparing it with your own language .我认为你们中国学生学习英语不和你们自己的语言比较是不对的。

I find it not so difficult to learn a foreign language . 我发现学习一门外语不那么困难。

I remember I made it clear to you that I was not coming . 我记得向你明确表示过我不来。

They want to make it clear to the public that they are doing an important and necessary job .他们要向公众表明，他们在做一件必需做的重要工作。

4. It用于强调结构在表示强调的结构中it可用作先行代词，这种结构的句型如下：It+动词be+被强调的部分（词或词组）+that+其他部分。

如果强调的部分是人，可用who，whom代替that。

如：Miss Wang teaches us English every Monday afternoon .王老师每周一下午教我们英语。

强调主语：It is Miss Wang who teachers us English every Monday afternoon .强调间接宾语：It is us whom Miss Wang teaches English every Monday afternoon .强调直接宾语：It is English that Miss Wang teaches us every Monday afternoon .强调状语：It is every Monday afternoon that Miss Wang teaches us English .It was here that I first met him . 这就是我初次与他见面的地方。

（强调状语）It is the people who（或that）are really powerful . 真正强大的是人民。

（强调主语）（二）有关含有引导词there的句子结构英语“There + be+（not）”结构表示“有（没有）某人或某物”时，there是无词义的引导词，be是谓语动词，它后面的名词是主语，两者在数上必须一致。

句末往往有表示地点或时间的状语。

1. 肯定式（表示“有”）There+（助动词或情态动词）+be+主语+地点（时间）状语。

如：There is a picture on the wall . 墙上有一张画儿。

There are 24 hours in a day . 一天有二十四小时。

There was only one school in the village before . 以前这个村子里只有一所小学。

There were 1,500 students in our school last year . 去年我校有一千五百名学生。

注意：如果there + be之后是并列主语，第一个主语又是单数名词时，习惯上用There is …如：There is a boy and a girl in the room . 屋里有一个男孩和一个女孩。

There is a pen and some books on her desk . 她的书桌上有一支钢笔和一些练习本。

2. 否定式（表示“没有”）There + be（助动词或情态动词）+not（any）（或+no）+主语……如：There was not an underground in Beijing before . 北京从前没有地下铁道。

There are not fairies in the world . 世上没有神仙。

There is nothing more for me to do now . 现在没有别的什么事要我做了。

There are not many people who want to read this book . 没有多少人要看这本书。

There won’t be a dance this weekend . 本周末没有舞会。

3. 疑问式（1）一般疑问句①Be+there+（any）+主语……？②助动词或情态动词+there+be+（any）+主语……？如：Is there anything I can do for you ? 我能为你做点什么吗？Is there any water in your bottle ? 你的瓶里有水吗？Will there be a report by the famous scientist this afternoon ? 今天下午有那位著名科学家做报告吗？（2）特殊疑问句：疑问词（+名词）+be+there+状态？如：How many months are there in a year ? 一年有几个月？What’s there in your pocket ? 你口袋里装的是什么？When will there be lasting world peace ? 什么时候世界上能有持久的和平？4. 含有引导词there的句子用seem to be，happen to be，used to do或live等词作谓语的结构。

如：There happened to be an old friend of mine in the shop .恰好在商店里有我的一个老朋友。

There used to be a temple here . 以前这儿有一座庙。

There seemed to be no point in refusing . 看来没理由拒绝。

There once lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea .从前，在海边的一个村庄里住着一个老渔民。

【模拟试题】综合练习（一）1. Look ! There some apples in that tree .A. isB. wasC. areD. were2. —What’s on the plate ?—There some bread on it .A. isB. areC. hasD. have3. Lucy and Lily going to the Great Wall tomorrow .A. areB. isC. amD. be4. Three fourths of the homework today .A. has finishedB. has been finishedC. have finishedD. have been finished5. A large number of the students in our class girls .A. areB. wasC. isD. be6. The number of in our class fifty .A. student , isB. the students , areC. the students , isD. students , are7. Either of the two books for you . You can choose one .A. areB. wereC. isD. was8. The population of our country by 50 percent over the last twenty years .A. has increasedB. were risenC. have been increasedD. have rose9. Maths my favourite subject .A. beB. isC. amD. are10. Here a new pair of shoes for you .A. isB. areC. haveD. has11. The Chengs here for years .A. is livingB. have livedC. has livedD. lives12. Not only my brother buy also I good at painting . Both of us good painters .A. are , areB. am , areC. is , isD. are , is13. —Two months quite a long time .—Yes , I’m afraid that he will miss a lot of his lessons .A. isB. areC. wasD. were14. Every man , woman and child in this club to realize the danger of smoking .A. comeB. comesC. have begunD. must15. Everyone except David and Sam there when the meeting began .A. isB. wasC. areD. were16. —Are the twins on the football team ?—No , neither of them on the team .A. isB. areC. wereD. be17. —I have no letters from Peter .—Oh , well , no news good news now .A. isB. areC. wasD. were18. One and a half apples on the table .A. is leavingB. is leftC. are leftD. left19. When and where to build the new factory yet .A. is not decidedB. are not decidedC. has not decidedD. have not decided20. Doing eye exercises good for your health .A. areB. isC. haveD. has21. There an apple and ten bananas in the basket . You can take any of them .A. areB. isC. hasD. have22. Each of the boys an apple .A. haveB. hasC. to haveD. to has23. —Are there any fish in the lake now ?—No . any water in it in winter .A. There isn’tB. There aren’tC. It isn’tD. They aren’t24. Joan with her uncle going to visit the Summer Palace next month .A. areB. isC. wasD. were综合练习（二）1. The story is interesting . That means it is interesting story .A. an , theB. the , anC. / anD. / , a2. I found the cat was in room .A. Lily and LucyB. Lily’s and Lucy’sC. Lily’s and LucyD. Lily and Lucy’s3. of the teachers in the school is 300 , of them are women teachers .A. The number , first fourthB. The number , one fourthC. A number , one secondD. A number , three quarters4. Shanghai Waihuan Tunnel is already open to traffic . So it will take us time to go to Pudong International Airport .A. a fewB. fewerC. a littleD. less5. Lots of visitors come to Nanjing because she is city .A. so a beautifulB. very a beautifulC. such beautiful aD. quite a beautiful6. —It’s a nice car . have you been in it ?—Just to Shanghai .A. How muchB. How longC. How soonD. How far7. Is the street too narrow for the bus to go ?A. throughB. acrossC. onD. in8. —I’m going to the supermarket .—Will you get me some chocolates you are there , mum ?A. sinceB. becauseC. ifD. while9. —Must I leave right now ?—No , you .A. may notB. can’tC. mustn’tD. needn’t10. —There is a ticket on the floor , is it yours ?—Oh , yes , it’s mine .— Let me for you .A. to pick up itB. to pick it upC. pick up itD. pick it up11. The teacher told the boys in the street .A. not playB. not to playC. don’t playD. don’t to play12. I have finished this book . You can take it away .A. to readB. readC. readingD. reads13. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day .A. isB. wasC. has beenD. will be14. I have to go now . Please remember to the lights when you leave .A. turn offB. turn downC. turn upD. turn on15. Don’t ask me such a strange question , ?A. shall weB. will not youC. will youD. don’t you16. —Are the twins on the football team ?—No , neither of them on the team .A. isB. areC. wereD. be17. Mr. King didn’t know yesterday evening .A. when does his son come homeB. when his son comes homeC. when did his son come homeD. when his son came home18. I didn’t know they could pass the exam or not .A. thatB. whatC. whichD. whether19. —Who has a dictionary , children ?—I have .A. itB. thisC. oneD. so20. He returned to the small town he grew up as a child .A. whichB. whereC. thatD. when21. In China , when the traffic lights are green , the traffic go and people on foot cross the street .A. can , can’tB. can’t , canC. can’t , mustD. needn’t , must22. —What are you going to do next Sunday ?—.A. I’m sorryB. Here you areC. I’ve no ideaD. That’s right23. I can’t find the right size . The shoes in the shop are too big too small .A. neither , norB. either , orC. both , andD. not , or24. The colour of his socks is different from of mine .A. oneB. thatC. itD. this综合练习（三）1. It was spring . American girl went to London .A. a , The , aB. / , The , /C. / , An , /D. / , A , /2. It’s a long to Paris . It’s two thousand kilometers .A. streetB. roadC. wayD. walk3. Where are the students ? Are they in ?A. the Room 406B. Room 406C. the 406 RoomD. 406 Room4. The weather in summer in Beijing is cooler than in Shanghai .A. thisB. itC. thatD. one5. —In our English study reading is more important than speaking , I think .—I don’t agree . Speaking is reading .A. as important asB. so important asC. the most importantD. the same as6. —Can you understand me ?—Sorry , I can understand you .A. hardlyB. almostC. nearlyD. ever7. —You’d better not go out now . It’s raining .—It doesn’t matter . My new coat can keep rain .A. inB. ofC. withD. off8. How did you try to get to school on time you missed the school bus ?A. whenB. ifC. onceD. that9. You go and ask Meimei . She know the answer .A. must , canB. must , mayC. need , canD. can , may10. —I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhang’s home just now .—Yes , she is often seen the old man with his housework .A. helpB. to helpC. helpsD. helped11. My watch doesn’t work . I must have it .A. repairedB. repairsC. repairD. repairing12. She usually to work on foot but today she by bike .A. go , goingB. goes , is goingC. is go , is goingD. goes , going13. —Where you your ticket ?—I it on the floor .A. have , found , foundedB. did , find , foundedC. did , found , foundD. did , find , found14. You may go fishing if your work .A. is doneB. will be doneC. has doneD. have done15. —James , these are your socks . Please .—OK , Mum .A. put away itB. put it awayC. put away themD. put them away16. Martin is good at fishing , ?A. is heB. does heC. isn’t heD. doesn’t he17. —How many students are there in your school ?—the students in our school over two thousand .A. The number of , isB. The number of , areC. A number of , isD. A number of , are18. He asked me .A. if she will comeB. how many books I want to haveC. they would help us do itD. what was wrong with me19. Ann has been so busy these days she has no time to play with her friends .A. whenB. thatC. becauseD. and20. —Oh , there is someone in the room .—must be my mother .A. ThereB. SheC. ThisD. It21. Is this the very museum some Japanese visitors visited last Wednesday ?A. oneB. whereC. thatD. which22. The sign “ BUSINESS HOURS ” can be seen in a .A. shopB. schoolC. parkD. museum23. —Would you like some more ?—. I’m full .A. Yes , pleaseB. I’d love toC. No , I wouldn’tD. No , thanks24. —Have you moved into your new home ?—Not yet , the rooms .A. were being paintedB. are paintingC. were paintedD. are still being painted【试题答案】综合练习（一）1. C2. A3. A4. B5. A6. C7. C8. A9. B 10. A11. B 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. B 16. A 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. B21. B 22. B 23. A 24. B综合练习（二）1. C2. D3. B4. D5. D6. D7. A8. D9. D 10. D 11. B 12. C 13. A 14. A 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. D 19. C 20. B21. A 22. C 23. B 24. B综合练习（三）1. C2. C3. B4. C5. A6. A7. D8. A9. D 10. B11. A 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. D 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. D21. C 22. A 23. D 24. D【试题分析】综合练习（一）1. 选C。