肿瘤专业词汇
肿瘤词汇
Computed tomography, CT Magnetic resonance imaging, MRI Positron emission computed tomography,PET Parotid gland 腮腺Facial nerve 面神经Temporal branches 颞支Zygomatic branches 颧支Buccal branches 颊支Marginal mandibular branches 下颌缘支Cervical branches 颈支Submandibular gland 颌下腺Sublingual gland 舌下腺Salivary gland 涎腺Pleomorphic adenoma 多形性腺瘤Warthin tumour 腺淋巴瘤Oxyphil cell adenoma 嗜酸细胞腺瘤basal cell adenoma 基底细胞腺瘤parpillary cystadenoma 乳头状囊腺瘤malignant pleomorphic adenoma 恶性多形性腺瘤adenoid cystic carcinoma 腺样囊性癌acinic cell carcinoma 腺泡细胞癌mucoepidermoid carcinoma 黏液表皮样癌parpillary cystadeno-carcinoma乳头状囊腺癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌squamous cell carcinoma SCC 鳞状细胞癌external nose 外鼻nasal cavity 鼻腔maxillary sinus 上颌窦ethmoidal sinus 筛窦frontal sinus 额窦sphenoidal sinus 蝶窦nasal ployp 鼻息肉mucocele cyst 黏液囊肿serous cyst 浆液囊肿mucous gland retention cyst 粘液腺潴留囊肿papilloma 乳头状瘤pleomorphic adenoma 多形性腺瘤fibroma 纤维瘤hemangioma 血管瘤chondroma 软骨瘤osteoma 骨瘤maligant melanoma 恶性黑色素瘤nasopharynx 鼻咽oropharynx 口咽larynogopharynx 喉咽retention cyst 潴留囊肿branhial cyst 鳃裂囊肿teratoma 畸胎瘤nasopharyngeal carcinoma 鼻咽癌undifferentiated carcinoma 未分化癌branhial fistula 鳃裂瘘管thyroglossal tract cyst 甲状舌管囊肿thyroglossal tract fistula 甲状舌管瘘管glossal thyroid 舌根甲状腺larynx 喉epiglottic cartilage 会厌软骨thyroid cartilage 甲状软骨cricoid cartilage 环状软骨arytenoid cartilage 杓状软骨polyp of larynx 喉息肉polyp of vocal cord 声带息肉laryngeal cyst 喉囊肿laryngeal papilloma LP 喉乳头状瘤huaman papilloma virus HPV neurofibroma of larynx 喉神经纤维瘤lipoma 脂肪瘤carcinoma of larynx 喉癌precancerous dondition 癌前病变laryngeal papilloma 喉乳头状瘤carcinoma in situ 原位癌laryngofissure 喉裂开术total laryngectomy 喉全切除术malignant lymphoma 恶性淋巴瘤thyroid gland 甲状腺neurilenoma 神经鞘瘤carotid body tumor 颈动脉体瘤hemangioma 血管瘤radical neck dissection RND 根治颈清modified neck dissection MND 改良颈清selective neck dissection SND 分区颈清extend neck dissection END 扩大根治颈清elective neck dissection 选择性颈清therapeutic neck dissection 治疗性颈清aspiration biopsy cytologyABC针吸细胞学检查Aspiration 志向,抱负呼气抽吸;吸引术Biopsy 活检Cytology 细胞学differentiated thyroid carcinoma 分化型甲状腺癌胸大肌皮瓣：major myocutaneous flaps；pectorilis major myocutaneous flap梨状窝癌pyriform sinus cancer颈段食管：esophagus cancer of the neck环后癌：postcricoid carcinoma咽瘘：pharyngocutaneous fistula转移：metastasis淋巴结：Lymph nodes晚期喉癌Advanced Laryngeal Patients全喉切除：Total Laryngectomy舌癌：tongue cancer晚期扁桃体癌：advanced tonsillar carcinoma 口腔癌：oral cancer肉瘤：sarcoma全喉切除：total laryngectomy病理学：pathology高分化鳞癌：Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma中分化鳞癌：Differentiated squamous cell carcinoma低分化鳞癌：Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma粘液表皮样癌：Mucoepidermoid carcinoma 未分化癌：Undifferentiated carcinoma喉癌：Laryngeal carcinoma下咽癌：积液：accumulative liquid坏死：necrosis皮下：subcutaneous感染：infection植皮：graft skin口腔颌面畸形：oral-facial Deformity斜方肌皮瓣：Trapezius Myocutaneous Flap 胸锁乳突肌皮瓣：sternocleidomastoid island myocutaneous flap上颌窦癌：carcinomas in maxillary sinus带蒂皮瓣：pedicle flap前臂皮瓣：forearm flap pathological diagnosis 病理诊断indication 指证唇癌：lip carcinoma口腔癌：oral carcinoma扁桃体癌：tonsil carcinoma下咽癌：hypopharyngeal carcinoma供区、受区：donor and recipient site吻合血管：anastomosis of blood vessels颌外动脉：external maxillary artery甲状腺上动脉：superior thyroid artery颈横动脉：transverse cervical artery颈内动脉：internal jugular vein颈外动脉：external jugular vein面前静脉：anterior facial vein肿胀：swelling吞咽功能：Swallowing function呼吸功能：respiratory function咽侧壁：lateral wall of pharynx切除：resection食道：esophagus粘膜：Mucosa梨状窝：pyriform sinus喉癌：laryngeal carcinoma鼻咽癌：nasopharyngeal carcinoma病理诊断：pathological diagnosis预后：prognosis碘缺乏：Iodine-deficient双峰的a.：bimodal：a bimodal distribution 瘤,赘生物n. neoplasm ['ni(:)əuplæzəm]生物学的a.biological [,baiə'lɔdʒikəl]双侧的：bilateral轴型皮瓣：the axial –pattern flap Lobectomy。
中枢神经系统肿瘤中英文对照名词词汇(二)
３ ７ ８
为 肿 瘤 问 质 成 分 ，如 肿 瘤 血 管 发 生 的 前 体 细 胞
ｃ ｎ ａ ｉｅ ｆｏ ｐ ｄ ａ ｒｃ ｂ ａｎ ｔ ｍｏ ． Ｐ ｏ ｔ Ａｃ ｄ Ｓ ｉＵＳ ａ ｓ ｒ ｍ ｅ ｉ ｔ ｒ ｉ ｕ ｒ ｒ ｉ ｓ ｒ ｃ Ｎａ ｌ ａ ｃ Ａ．
２ ｏ ．１ ０：５１ ８ １ ８ ． ｏ ３ ０ １ ７ ． ５ｌ ３
脑肿 瘤 干细胞 的研究 ， 是一 充 满机 遇 与 挑 战且
支 持 ， 信将 会 吸 引更 多 的神经 肿 瘤研 究 工 作者 在 相
这 一领域 进 行基 础与 临床 紧密结 合 的全面 研 究 ， 为
改 变 脑肿 瘤 在 实 体 瘤研 究 领 域 相 对 滞 后 的 现 状 而
作 出重要 贡献 。
参 考 文 献
［ ］ ＳｎｈＳ ， ｌ ｋ Ｄ Ｔ ｒｓｋ Ｍ， ｔ １Ｉｅｔ ｃｔ ｎｏ ｃｎｅ １ ｉｇ Ｋ Ｃａ ｅＩ ， ｅａａ ｉ ｅ ａ．ｄｎｉ ａｉ ｆ ａｃｒ ｒ ｉ ｆ ｏ ａ
ｓｅ ｃ ｌ ｉ ｕ ｎ ｂ ａ ｎ ｔ ｍｏ ｓ Ｃａ ｃ ｒＲｅ ． ２ ０ ． ６ ： ２１ ｔ ｍ ｅ ｌ ｎ ｈ ｍａ ｒ ｉ ｕ ｒ ． ｎ ｅ ｓ ０ ３ ３５８ — ５ ２ ． ８ ８
ｍｏ ｅ ｓ ｄ ｌ．Ｎａ ｖ Ｇｅ ｅ ．２ ０１ ２ ｌ Ｏ ｌ ９ ｔＲｅ ｎ ｔ ０ ． ： ２ — ２ ．
［６ ｃ ｔＬ ａ ｇ Ｔ ａ ａｅｅ ＿ ｔａ．Ｎｅ ｒＩｓｅ ｃ ｌｓａ ｄ ｎ ｕ ｏ １ ］Ｒｅｈ ，Ｊｎ ，Ｓ ｖ ｓ ｒ １ ｕ ａ ｔｍ ｅｌ ｎ ｅ ｒ － ｒ ’ｅ
肿瘤转移的英文单词
肿瘤转移的英文单词单词：tumor metastasis1. 定义与释义1.1词性：名词1.2中文释义：肿瘤转移，指肿瘤细胞从原发部位扩散到身体其他部位的过程。
1.3英文释义：The process by which cancer cells spread from the original tumor site to other parts of the body.1.4相关词汇：metastatic（形容词，转移性的），metastasize（动词，转移，扩散）2. 起源与背景2.1词源：“tumor”源于拉丁语“tumor”，意思是肿胀；“metastasis”源于希腊语“μετάστασις”，表示位置的改变。
2.2趣闻：肿瘤转移的研究一直是癌症研究领域的关键部分，科学家们不断探索肿瘤细胞转移的机制，希望能找到阻止这一过程的方法，这对癌症的治疗有着深远的意义。
3. 常用搭配与短语3.1短语：- tumor metastasis mechanism：肿瘤转移机制例句：Scientists are still exploring the tumor metastasis mechanism.翻译：科学家们仍在探索肿瘤转移机制。
- inhibit tumor metastasis：抑制肿瘤转移例句：Some new drugs can inhibit tumor metastasis effectively.翻译：一些新药能有效地抑制肿瘤转移。
4. 实用片段(1) "The doctor said that the patient's condition is getting worse because of tumor metastasis." The family member was very worried.翻译：“医生说由于肿瘤转移，病人的情况正在恶化。
”家属非常担忧。
肿瘤
由于传染病(infectious diseases)的逐渐控制 ， 人类平均寿命(life expectancy )延长(extend)， 恶性肿瘤对人类的威胁(threaten)日益显示。随 着疾病谱的改变，肿瘤已成为目前死亡的主要 原因之一。
威胁人类生命的三大疾患：
肿瘤
(tumor) 心血管病(heart diseases) 脑血管病 (brain vascular diseases, apoplexy )
尽量减少病人的痛苦, 让病人平静走向死亡。
安乐死 (Euthanasia)
患不治之症的病人，在垂危状态
下，由于精神和躯体的极端痛苦， 在病人和其亲友的要求下，经过 医生认可，用人为的方法使病人 在无痛苦状态中结束生命过程。
第二节 常见体表肿瘤与肿块
1. 皮肤乳头状瘤(papillary epithelioma) 2. 皮肤癌 皮肤基底细胞癌；鳞状细胞癌 3. 痣(mole)与黑色素瘤(melanin)
1.
手术治疗
(surgical excision)
良性实体瘤手术即可治愈
The character of carcinoma:-crab growth manner: infiltration Recurrence and metastasis
恶性实体瘤需行彻底的根治手术。
根治手术(radical) :
3. 生物因素
(二) 内在(intrinsic)因素
1. 遗传因素heraditary 2. 内分泌因素 3. 免疫因素 AIDS 其他方面因素，如营养 (nutrition)、微量元素 (trace element)、精神因素 等， 综合(colligate, integrate)病 因的概念，更符合临床和 实验的实际情况。
病理英语词汇
病理学(Pathology)词汇pathology ——病理学acidophilic body ——嗜酸小体acute inflammation ——急性炎症acute proliferative glomerulonephritis, acute prol glom.rm ——急性增殖性肾小球肾炎acute viral hepatitis ——急性病毒性肝炎adenocarcinoma ——腺癌adenoma ——腺瘤air embolism ——空气栓塞alteration ——变质alterative inflammation ——变质性炎症alveolar carcinoma ——肺泡上皮癌amebic dysentery ——阿米巴痢疾Amoebiasis——阿米巴病amyloid degeneration ——淀粉样变性anaplasia ——间变anemic infarct ——贫血性梗死anterior poliomyelitis ——脊髓前角灰质炎apoptosis ——程序性细胞死亡,凋落,凋亡appendicitis ——阑尾炎arterial hyperemia ——动脉性充血arteriolosclerosis ——细动脉硬化arteriosclerotic heart disease ——动脉硬化性心脏病Aschoff body——风湿小体atheroma ——粥肿atherosclerosis ——动脉粥样硬化atrophic gastritis ——萎缩性胃炎atrophy ——萎缩atypia ——异型性autopsy ——尸体解剖bacillary dysentery ——细菌性痢疾bacteremia ——菌血症bacterial endocarditis ——细菌性心内膜炎bacterial pneumonia ——细菌性肺炎benign tumor ——良性肿瘤biopsy ——活组织检查bridging necrosis ——桥状坏死bronchial asthma ——支气管哮喘bronchiectasis ——支气管扩张, 支气管扩张症bronchopneumonia ——支气管肺炎Burkitt lymphoma —— Burkitt淋巴瘤cachexia ——恶病质, 恶液质carcinoid ——类癌carcinoma ——癌carcinoma of thyroid ——甲状腺癌cardiomyopathy ——心肌病carnification ——肉质变caseous necrosis ——干酪样坏死caseous pneumonia ——干酪性肺结核cavity ——空洞degeneration ——变性，溃变diffuse glomerulonephritis ——弥漫性肾小球肾炎disease ——疾病dry gangrene ——干性坏疽duodenal ulcer ——十二指肠溃疡dysplasia ——发育不良edema ——水肿embolism ——栓塞embolus ——栓子emphysema ——肺气肿encapsulation ——包围endemic goiter ——地方性甲状腺肿endocardium ——心内膜epidemic meningitis ——流行性脑膜炎epithelioid cell ——类上皮细胞erosion ——侵蚀etiology ——病原学external hemorrhage ——外出血exudate ——渗出液exudation ——渗血fat embolism ——脂肪栓塞fatty degeneration ——脂肪变性fibrin ——纤维蛋白fibrinoid degeneration ——纤维素样变性fibrinoid necrosis ——纤维素样坏死fibroadenoma ——纤维腺瘤fibroma ——纤维瘤fibrosarcoma ——纤维肉瘤follicular adenocarcinoma ——滤泡腺癌foreign body giant cell ——异物巨细胞gangrene ——坏疽gas gangrene ——气性坏疽gastritis ——胃炎giant cell tumor ——巨细胞瘤goiter ——甲状腺肿granular atrophic kidney ——颗粒性萎缩肾granulation tissue ——肉芽组织hairy cell leukemia ——毛细胞白血病heart ——心heart failure ——心力衰竭hemorrhage ——出血hemorrhagic infarct ——出血性梗死hemosiderin ——含铁血黄素，血铁黄蛋白hyaline degeneration ——玻璃样变性hyaline membrane ——透明膜hydropic degeneration ——水性肿胀(水样变性) hyperplasia ——增生hypertension ——高血压hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ——肥厚型心肌病hypertrophy ——肥厚infarct ——梗死infectious hepatitis ——传染性肝炎infiltration ——浸润inflammation ——炎症inflammatory polyp ——炎性息肉injury ——损伤internal hemorrhage ——内出血ischemic necrosis ——贫血性坏死left ventricle ——左心室leiomyoma ——平滑肌瘤leiomyosarcoma ——平滑肌肉瘤lesion ——病变leukemoid reaction ——类白血病反应lipoma ——脂肪瘤liposarcoma ——脂肪肉瘤liquefactive necrosis ——液化性坏死lobar pneumonia ——大叶性肺炎lobular pneumonia ——小叶性肺炎lymphoma ——淋巴瘤macronodular cirrhosis ——大结节性肝硬变malignant histiocytosis ——恶性组织细胞增生症malignant tumor ——恶性肿瘤medullary carcinoma ——髓样癌melanin ——黑色素melanoma ——黑色素瘤membranous glomerulonephritis ——膜性肾小球肾炎metaplasia ——化生metastasis ——转移micronodular cirrhosis ——小结节性肝硬变mixed tumor ——混合瘤moist gangrene ——湿性坏疽mucinous cystadenoma ——粘液性囊腺瘤mycoplasma pneumonia ——支原体肺炎myocardial infarction ——心肌梗塞myocardium ——心肌myoma ——肌瘤myxoma ——粘液瘤necrosis ——坏死nephritic syndrome ——肾病综合征nephrosclerosis ——肾硬化neuroblastoma ——神经母细胞瘤neurofibroma ——神经纤维瘤neurotic atrophy ——神经性萎缩oncogene ——癌基因，原癌基因organization ——机化osteoma ——骨瘤osteosarcoma ——骨肉瘤pale infarct ——白色梗死papilloma ——乳头状瘤pathogenesis ——发病学pathologic anatomy ——病理解剖学pathologic atrophy ——病理性萎缩pathology ——病理学peptic ulcer ——消化性溃疡pericarditis ——心包炎pericardium ——心包physiologic atrophy ——生理性萎缩piecemeal necrosis ——碎片状坏死pituitary adenoma ——垂体腺瘤polypoid adenoma ——息肉状腺瘤primary complex ——原发综合征proliferation ——增殖pulmonary abscess ——肺脓肿pulmonary emphysema ——肺气肿pulmonary tuberculosis ——肺结核pyelonephritis ——肾盂肾炎rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis ——急进性肾小球肾炎red infarct ——红色梗死regeneration ——再生repair ——修复rheumatic carditis ——风湿性心脏炎rheumatic endocarditis ——风湿性心内膜炎rheumatic epicarditis ——风湿性心外膜炎rheumatic heart disease ——风湿性心脏病rheumatic myocarditis ——风湿性心肌炎rheumatism ——风湿症sarcoma ——肉瘤sclerosis ——硬化septicemia ——败血症serous cystadenoma ——浆液性囊腺瘤shock ——休克silicosis ——矽肺squamous cell carcinoma ——扁平上皮癌，鳞状上皮癌stage of congestion ——充血期stage of gray hepatization ——灰色肝样变期stage of red hepatization ——红色肝样变期subacute inflammation ——亚急性炎subacute viral hepatitis ——亚急性病毒性肝炎symptom ——症状syphilis (lues) ——梅毒teratoma ——畸胎瘤thromboembolism ——血栓栓塞thrombosis ——血栓形成thrombus ——血栓[文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意!]。
肿瘤词汇大全
好多刚接触肿瘤研究的小伙伴们傻傻的分不清楚cfDNA和ctDNA，搞不明白什么是SNP 和SNV，不知道什么是融合基因和易感基因。
不怕不怕，今天小编汇总了一些肿瘤研究领域的常见词汇。
有了这篇肿瘤词汇大全，看文献搞科研妥妥的~1. cfDNA (cell free DNA)cfDNA即血液中游离的自身DNA，这类DNA多是从身体的细胞或者白血球破裂释放出来的，这基本都是无害的，会被自身清理掉。
2. ctDNA (circulating tumor DNA)ctDNA即循环肿瘤DNA，是一种来自肿瘤细胞的游离DNA，存在于血液、滑膜液和脑脊液等体液中。
因为ctDNA和由正常细胞产生的游离DNA碎片是混合在一起的，只占所有游离DNA （cell-free DNA，cfDNA）含量的0.1%-1%之间，因此准确检测出ctDNA的难度相当的大。
3. CTCs (circulating tumor cells)CTCs即循环肿瘤细胞，是从原发肿瘤或转移形成的新肿瘤上掉落，并且进入到患者的外周血循环系统中的恶性肿瘤细胞。
因自发或诊疗操作会从实体肿瘤病灶（原发灶、转移灶）脱落，大部分CTC在进入外周血后发生凋亡或被吞噬，只有少数能够逃逸并锚着发展成为转移灶。
而近年来的大量文献证明，CTC与早期癌症的不良预后相关，涵盖乳腺癌、膀胱癌、头颈癌、睾丸生殖细胞癌与结直肠癌等多种癌症。
4. 体细胞突变(somatic mutation)体细胞突变是指除生殖细胞外的体细胞所发生的变异，如发生在器官和组织的变异。
这些变异是肿瘤样品所特有的，其并不来源于父母，也不会传递给后代，往往跟肿瘤的发生和发展有着密切关系，是肿瘤研究中的重点，对于揭示肿瘤发生发展机制有着重要作用。
5. 生殖细胞突变生殖细胞突变，是指来源于精子或卵子的细胞的突变，会传递给后代。
6. SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism)SNP即单核苷酸多态性，是指基因组水平上由单个核苷酸的变异所引起的DNA序列多态性。
医学学术英语主要词汇汇总单词
医学学术英语主要词汇汇总单词以下是医学学术英语中的一些主要词汇：1. Anatomy 解剖学2. Physiology 生理学3. Pathology 病理学4. Pharmacology 药理学5. Epidemiology 流行病学6. Microbiology 微生物学7. Immunology 免疫学8. Genetics 遗传学9. Biochemistry 生物化学10. Molecular biology 分子生物学11. Biotechnology 生物技术12. Radiology 放射学13. Cardiology 心脏病学14. Neurology 神经病学15. Oncology 肿瘤学16. Gastroenterology 胃肠病学17. Pediatrics 儿科学18. Obstetrics and gynecology 妇产科学19. Psychiatry 精神病学20. Dermatology 皮肤病学21. Ophthalmology 眼科学22. Orthopedics 骨科学23. Anesthesiology 麻醉学24. Surgery 外科学25. Cardiac surgery 心脏外科学26. Neurosurgery 神经外科学27. Radiography 放射线摄影术28. Ultrasound 超声波29. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 磁共振成像30. Laboratory 实验室31. Clinical 临床的32. Diagnosis 诊断33. Treatment 治疗34. Prognosis 预后35. Symptoms 症状36. Disease 疾病37. Virus 病毒38. Bacteria 细菌39. Infection 感染40. Immune system 免疫系统41. Cell 细胞42. DNA DNA43. RNA RNA44. Protein 蛋白质45. Enzyme 酶46. Antibiotic 抗生素47. Epidemic 流行病48. Pandemic 大规模的流行病49. Outbreak 爆发50. Vaccine 疫苗。
肿瘤学词汇
O n c o l o g y肿瘤学(z h o n g l i u x u e)Oncologist肿瘤科医师(zhong liu ke yi shi)A physician who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of cancer.Carcinoma癌(ai)，癌瘤(ai liu)Carcinoma is the most common form of cancer. This cancer develops from epithelia上皮细胞(shang pi xi bao)(sheets of cells that cover a surface, such a the skin, or line a body cavity, such as the glandular lining of stomach). Some names for tumors of this type would be:Carcinoma of the prostate前列腺癌科(qian lie xian liu ke)Adenocarcinoma of the lung肺腺癌(fei xian ai) 肺病(fei bing)Hepatocellular carcinoma肝细胞癌(gan xi bao ai)Sarcoma肉瘤(rou liu), 恶性毒瘤(er xing du liu)A rare form of cancer that arises from connective and supportive tissues, such as that seen in thebone marrow 骨髓(gu sui) , muscle, and lymphatics淋巴系统. (lin ba xi tong)Osteosarcoma (malignancy of bone) 骨肉瘤(gu rou liu), multiple myeloma (malignancy of bone marrow) 骨髓瘤(gu rou liu) are two examples. The term sarcoma does not always appear in the name as in the second example.Malignant恶性的(e xing de) vs. Benign良性的(liang xing de)Literally, the Malignant vs. Benign expression means “evil” versus “good”. Malignant is the term used when a cancer or a medical condition has the potentioal to become life threating or terminal. Benign, on the other hand, means that the disease is not fatal. Advanced malignancy 减轻的(jie qin de) is when a cancer is well developed.Radiosensitive 对放射线敏感的(fa she min gan)The cancer degenerates退化(tui hua) in response to radiation therapy.Radioresistant 辐射阻抗的(fa she xian zu kang de)Cancer is slow to respond or may not respond at all to radiation therapy.Metastasis转移(zhuan yi)The placement of cancer in other organs or tissues other then the origin 起源(qi yuan) is called metastasis and the traveling of the cancer to other areas of the body to form new tumors is termed Metastasize转移(zhuan yi). This Invasive入侵的(ru qin de) quality of a tumor to spread into surrounding organs is a manor differentiation between malignant and benign.In remission免除(mian chu)This is the term that indicates a time period of holding the cancer in check 被阻止(.bei zu zh i).Relapse复发(bu fa)When a cancer returns, the patient is said to relapse. Unfortunately, many cancers, such as leukemia (Overabundance of white blood cells) 白血病(Bai xue bing), recur.Carcinogens良性肿瘤(liang xing zhong liu)Carcinogens are cancer-causing agents. Broad categories include radiation exposure, chemicals, drugs and viruses. Only certain types of chemicals, drugs and viruses are carcinogens and excessive radiation exposure. Environmental chemicals found in tobacco smoke and automotive exhaust, toxic emissions from factory smokestacks, and asbestos exposure can be carcinogenic致癌物(质) 的(zhi ai wu zhi de). Human Papilloma virus 乳突淋瘤病毒(ru tu linliu bing du) is the major cause of cervical子宫颈的(zi gong jing de) cancer.Fractionation 低剂量分次给药(di ji liang fen ci gei yao)Repeated low doses of radiation therapy that allow a higher total doseMyelosuppressionA side effect副作用(fu zuo yong) of chemotherapy is the reduction of bone marrow 骨髓(gu ge) blood cell replacement. Patients may complain of extreme fatigue due to anemia 贫血(pin xie) and can be at an increased risk for infectious diseases 传染病(chuan ran bing) due to the reduced number of leucocytes白血病. (bai xie bing). Chemotherapeutic agents 化学疗法(hua xue liao fa)Chemotherapy化学疗法(hua xue liao fa) has the goal of killing or stopping the development of rapidly dividing cells. Examples are Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Bleomycin博来霉素(bo lai mei su), 5-fluorouraci 5氟尿嘧啶(fu niao mi ding), methotrexate甲氨蝶呤(jia an die ling), Vincristine长春新碱(chang chun xin jia), Vinblastine长春碱(chang chun jian), Taxol and Tamoxifen三苯氧胺(san ben yang an). Since the same mechanism that kills a malignant cell or blocks development of a malignant cell can have similar effects on a normal, rapidly dividing cell, any of these agents can have bad side effects. Some forms of cancer treated with chemotherapy may cause the cancer to “disappear” for a while although not cured and the patient may be symptom free sometimes for months or years. Malignant melanoma 恶性黑素瘤(e xing hei su liu)Melanoma 黑素瘤(hei su liu) 皮膚癌(pi tu ai), 澳洲皮膚癌(ao zhou pi tu ai) or "black mole cancer" is the name given to the most dangerous form of skin cancer皮肤癌(pi fu ai) it is malignant melanoma惡性黑素瘤(e xing hei su liu),. The reason melanoma is so dangerous is that once it grows to a certain thickness, it metastasizes throughout the body. After the melanoma has spread to the internal organs there is little that can be done and death follows shortly after. This type of cancer tends to occur in men and women in the prime of their lives最初的(zui chu de), 青春(qing chun),精华(jing hua).Adjuvant therapy 辅助疗法(fu zhu liao fa)After surgical removal of the cancer there are additional treatments, which may include chemotherapy, radiation, or combination of both.Cryosurgery 冷冻术(leng dong shu)Destroying malignant tissue by freezing it with a cold probe. Often used for soft tissues like the liver.Fulguration 电灼疗法(dian zhuo liao fa)This term means “lightning” in Latin. Malignant tissue destroyed with an electrocautery电烙术(dian lao shu) instrument.Excisional Biopsy 切除(qie chu) 活组织检查(hua zu ji jian cha)Removal of tumor and a safe margin of normal tissue is how an excisional biopsy is performed. Can be curative for many cancers if done before metastases活组织检查(huo zu ji jian cha), 活组织切片检查(huo zu ji qie pian jian cha).En bloc resection 清扫术(qing shao shu)Removal of the tumor and a large amount of surrounding tissue including positive lymph nodes淋巴结(lin ba jie) is called an en bloc resection.Palliative treatment缓解治疗(huan jie zhi liao)Gives relief of symptoms, but does not cure and is reserved for advanced malignancy。
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Conditions & Diagnoses 状况及诊断Adenocarcinoma 腺癌
Adenoma 腺瘤
Astrocytoma 星形细胞瘤
Atheroma粉瘤
动脉粥瘤
Brain tumour 脑肿瘤
Cachexia 恶病质
Carcinoma 癌
Carcinoma, adenosquamous
腺鳞癌
Carcinoma, basal cell 基底细胞癌Carcinoma, embryonal 胚胎癌Carcinoma, epidermoid 表皮样癌Carcinoma, squamous cell
鳞状细胞癌
Carcinoma, transitional cell
过渡上皮细胞癌
Chondroblastoma
软骨母细胞瘤
Chondroma软骨瘤Chondrosarcoma 软骨肉瘤Choriocarcinoma绒毛膜癌Embryonal sarcoma 胚胎肉瘤Endothelioma 内皮细胞瘤
Erythema红斑
Fibroma 纤维瘤
Fibromyoma 纤维肌瘤Fibrosarcoma纤维肉瘤Glioblastoma 神经胶母细胞瘤Haemangioendothelioma
血管内皮瘤
Haemangioma 血管瘤Haemangiosarcoma 血管肉瘤Hyperplasia 增殖过盛Hysteromyomas子宫平滑肌瘤Irradiation sickness 辐射病
Latent 潜伏性
Leiomyosarcoma平滑肌肉瘤Leukaemia 白血病
Lipoma 脂肪瘤
Liposarcoma 脂肪肉瘤Lymphangioendothelioma
淋巴管内皮瘤Lymphangioma 淋巴管瘤Lymphangiosarcoma淋巴管肉瘤Lymphoma 淋巴瘤
Lymphosarcoma 淋巴肉瘤
Marrow depression骨髓抑制Melanoma黑色素瘤
Meningioma 脑脊膜瘤
Metastasis 转移/ 扩散
mini ipad移动硬盘拍立得百度书包Myeloma骨髓瘤
Myeloma, multiple 多发性骨髓瘤Myxosarcoma 黏液肉瘤
Neoplasm / Tumour 肿(赘)瘤Nephroblas toma / Wilm’s tumour 肾胚细胞瘤/ 威耳姆氏瘤Neuroblastoma 神经母细胞瘤Neurofibroma神经纤维瘤Neurofibrosarcoma 神经纤维肉瘤Neurogenic sarcoma 神经性肉瘤Neuroglioma 神经胶质瘤
Neuroma 神经瘤
Oligodendroglioma 少突胶质细胞瘤Osteogenic sarcoma 骨性肉瘤Osteoma骨瘤
Osteosarcoma骨肉瘤
Reticulum cell sarcoma
网状细胞肉瘤
Rhabdomyosarcoma 横纹肌肉瘤Sarcoma 肉瘤
Spongioblastoma 成胶质细胞瘤Staging of tumour 肿瘤分期Staging, clinical 临床分期
Teratoma 畸胎瘤
Tumour 肿瘤
Tumour, benign 良性肿瘤
Tumour, Ewing's 尤汶氏瘤
Tumour, malignant 恶性肿瘤Investigations, Treatment & Operations检查, 疗法及手术
Adjuvant therapy 辅助治疗
Bence Jones test 凝溶蛋白试验Biopsy 活组织检验
Biopsy, aspiration (needle)
针吸式活组织检验
Biopsy, excisional 割除性活组织检验Biopsy, incisional切开式活组织检验
Biopsy, punch 钳取式活组织检验Body scan全身扫描
Brachytherapy 近距疗法
Cancer prevention 肿瘤预防Cancer survey 肿瘤普查
Carcino-embryonic antigen
癌胚抗原
Cesium 铯
Chemotherapy化学(药物)疗法Cobalt 钴
Counter, scintillation 闪光计算器Counter, whole body 全身性计算器Curie居里
Cytology 细胞检验/细胞学
Extrnal irradiation 体外放射
Filling defect 充盈缺损
Film badge 感光胶片徽章Fluororadiography 萤光摄影Frozen section 冷冻切片检验
Gold 金
Half life 半衰期
Immunotherapy 免疫疗法
Interstitial irradiation 组织间放射Intracavitary irradiation腔内放射Iodine 碘
Iridium 铱
Linear accelerator 直线加速器Microcurie 微居里
Millicurie 毫居里
Operation, palliative 舒减(姑息)手术Operation, radical 根治手术Phosphorus 磷
Plant alkaloids 植物类碱
Rad 雷得
Radiation reaction 放射反应Radioactive scans 放射元素扫描Radiodiagnostics 放射诊断术Radioimmunoassay
放射线免疫分析法
Radioisotopes放射性同位素Radiological tests 放射检验Radiosensitivity 放射敏感性Radiotherapy放射治疗Radiotherapy, after-loading
后装置放射治疗Radiotherapy, pre-loading
前装置放射治疗
Radium 镭
Radon氡
Scintillation detector 闪光侦检器Simulator 模拟机
Teletherapy 远距疗法Tomography 断层摄影
Tracer dose 描记剂量
Yttrium 钇。