仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage5219IFRFLIGHTPLAN.pptx
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仪表等级飞行员理论培训
• (b) For any flight, runway lengths at airports of intended use, and the following takeoff and landing distance information:
•“NW KRAFT”
14 CFR 91.103
仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage5-219IFRFLIGHTPLAN
Flight erview
• AIM: 5-1-1 to 5-1-13
• Before planning the flight details… take a broad look at your objective. Compare:
– Each pilot in command shall, before beginning a flight, become familiar with all available information concerning that flight. This information must include –
– (1) Complete the flight to the first airport of intended landing;
– (2) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, fly from that airport to the alternate airport; and
–Distance with fuel –Weather with route –Terrain with aircraft performance –Goal and your proficiency –Is this trip really necessary?
•“NW KRAFT”
14 CFR 91.103
仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage5-219IFRFLIGHTPLAN
Flight erview
• AIM: 5-1-1 to 5-1-13
• Before planning the flight details… take a broad look at your objective. Compare:
– Each pilot in command shall, before beginning a flight, become familiar with all available information concerning that flight. This information must include –
– (1) Complete the flight to the first airport of intended landing;
– (2) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, fly from that airport to the alternate airport; and
–Distance with fuel –Weather with route –Terrain with aircraft performance –Goal and your proficiency –Is this trip really necessary?
仪表等级飞行员理论培训
–DME Arc –Procedure Turn or Holding Pattern –Guided course
Initial Approach Fix
–Always labeled “IAF” on chart
Intermediate Approach Segment
Positions your aircraft for final descent to the airport
– For PA: at decision height/ altitude (DH/DA). – For NPA: either at a fix or timing.
Example of a missed approach
Preparing For The Approach
In planning, be familiar with the available IAPs… at Primary AND Alternate Airports. Nearing destination, a controller or ATIS tells you the expected IAP.
APPROACH
Approach Procedures
Safely Finding The Airport
Precision Approaches
Precision Approaches provide vertical guidance in addition to lateral guidance, most often through the use of an electronic glideslope. Precision Approaches include:
PT intersects final approach course inbound.
Initial Approach Fix
–Always labeled “IAF” on chart
Intermediate Approach Segment
Positions your aircraft for final descent to the airport
– For PA: at decision height/ altitude (DH/DA). – For NPA: either at a fix or timing.
Example of a missed approach
Preparing For The Approach
In planning, be familiar with the available IAPs… at Primary AND Alternate Airports. Nearing destination, a controller or ATIS tells you the expected IAP.
APPROACH
Approach Procedures
Safely Finding The Airport
Precision Approaches
Precision Approaches provide vertical guidance in addition to lateral guidance, most often through the use of an electronic glideslope. Precision Approaches include:
PT intersects final approach course inbound.
仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage5210APPROACHPROCEDURES
APPROACH
Approach Procedures
Safely Finding The Airport
Precision Approaches
Precision Approaches provide vertical guidance in addition to lateral guidance, most often through the use of an electronic glideslope. Precision Approaches include:
Final Segment of a VOR Approach (non-precision with FAP)
Missed Approach Segment
Navigate from MAP to missed approach holding point. Depicted on every approach
• NDB
• RNAV (GPS)
• ASR – Airport Surveillance Radar
• Localizer (front & back courses)
• LDA / SDF / RNAV
The United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS) is the approved criteria for formulating instrument approach procedures.
–Intermediate fix (IF) –Begins at point where you are
proceeding inbound to the final approach fix, properly aligned. –Not all approaches have an intermediate fix
Approach Procedures
Safely Finding The Airport
Precision Approaches
Precision Approaches provide vertical guidance in addition to lateral guidance, most often through the use of an electronic glideslope. Precision Approaches include:
Final Segment of a VOR Approach (non-precision with FAP)
Missed Approach Segment
Navigate from MAP to missed approach holding point. Depicted on every approach
• NDB
• RNAV (GPS)
• ASR – Airport Surveillance Radar
• Localizer (front & back courses)
• LDA / SDF / RNAV
The United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS) is the approved criteria for formulating instrument approach procedures.
–Intermediate fix (IF) –Begins at point where you are
proceeding inbound to the final approach fix, properly aligned. –Not all approaches have an intermediate fix
仪表等级飞行员理论培训
理论培训的考核标准
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仪表等级飞行员理论培训的考核 内容
仪表等级飞行员理论培训的考核 标准
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仪表等级飞行员理论培训的考核 方式
仪表等级飞行员理论培训的考核 结果
P仪A表R等T级5飞行员理论培训的实
践应用
仪表等级飞行员在飞行中的实践应用
仪表等级飞行员的基本要求：具备相应的理论知识和技能，能够熟练操作飞行仪表和设备。
法与要求
理论培训的方法
制定培训计划：根据学员的实际 情况和需求，制定合理的培训计 划
教学方法：采用多种教学方法， 如讲解、演示、模拟训练等
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教学内容：包括仪表等级飞行员 的理论知识、操作技能、安全知 识等
教学评估：对学员的学习情况进 行评估，及时调整教学计划和教 学方法
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仪表等级飞行员理 论培训
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汇报人：
时间：20XX-XX-XX
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仪表等级飞行 员培训的重要 性
仪表等级飞行 员理论培训的 内容
仪表等级飞行 员理论培训的 方法与要求
仪表等级飞行 员理论培训的 实践应用
先进技术的应用：随着科技的不断进步，无人机、人工智能等先进技术的应用将为仪表等级飞行 员培训提供更多的实践机会和培训手段。
国际化趋势：随着全球化的加速，跨国航空公司的不断扩张将为仪表等级飞行员提供更多的就业 机会和国际化发展机遇。
(精品)仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage1-109RNAV-GPS1A
GPS Architecture
The GPS Positioning Concept
• Two principal pieces of information are required to determine a GPS position: ➢Position of each satellite ➢Range from the satellite to the user
What might a Flight Management System do for a pilot?
•Position •Airspeed •Groundspeed •Altitude hold •ETE / ETA •Heading •Course
• Ground Track • Fuel Burn
Once the Waypoint is set up in the receiver, the pilot simply treats it as though it were a real VOR
Programming the RNAV
Flight Management Systems: A Definition
• A minimum of four satellite signals are required to solve for an unaided, unique, position and time solution.
How Does GPS Work? Basic Function of GPS
Ground Antennas
GPS Architecture
User Element
• Consists of antennas and receiver/processors on board an aircraft, automobile, ship, cellular telephones and other new items like watches that provide positioning, velocity and precise timing to the user.
仪表等级飞行员理论培训
仪表等级飞行员理论培训概述仪表等级飞行员（Instrument Rating，简称IR）是指具备在飞行中依赖于仪表设备进行导航与飞行操作的能力。
仪表飞行是在无法直接依赖于目视条件进行飞行的情况下，通过仪器设备和导航工具来进行飞行。
仪表等级飞行员理论培训是获得仪表等级飞行资质的重要步骤，本文将详细介绍该理论培训的内容和要求。
仪表等级飞行员理论培训的目标仪表等级飞行员理论培训的主要目标是让飞行员具备通过仪器设备进行飞行操作和导航的能力。
具体目标包括：1.理解和应用仪表飞行规则（Instrument Flight Rules，简称IFR）；2.掌握基本仪器的操作技巧和原理；3.熟悉仪表导航系统和导航工具的使用；4.理解仪表飞行中的气象条件和飞行特性；5.掌握仪表飞行中的通讯规范和流程；6.具备正规仪表进近和着陆的能力。
培训内容仪表等级飞行员理论培训包括多个科目和模块。
以下是主要的培训内容：1. 仪表飞行规则仪表飞行规则（IFR）是飞行员在飞行中依赖仪器设备进行导航和飞行操作的规则。
培训内容包括：•IFR的基本原则和要求；•IFR飞行计划和航路的规划；•IFR飞行中的大气条件和气象对飞行的影响；•IFR航空器的仪表配备和系统。
2. 仪表飞行的基本概念和技巧培训内容包括：•仪表飞行中的姿态和自动驾驶系统；•仪表飞行中的操纵技巧和飞行规程；•仪表飞行中的急进和急减技术。
3. 仪表飞行导航系统培训内容包括：•仪表飞行导航系统的原理和功能；•仪表飞行导航系统的操作和维修；•仪表飞行导航系统的故障排除。
4. 仪表飞行通讯培训内容包括：•仪表飞行通讯的标准和流程；•仪表飞行通讯的基本术语和短语；•仪表飞行通讯中的常见问题和解决方法。
5. 仪表飞行中的气象条件培训内容包括：•仪表飞行中的气象条件和飞行特性；•仪表飞行中的天气观察和飞行计划；•仪表飞行中的天气报告和预报。
6. 仪表进近和着陆培训内容包括：•仪表进近和着陆的基本概念和程序；•仪表进近和着陆的仪表要素和要求；•仪表进近和着陆的常见问题和处理方法。
仪表等级飞行员 理论培训
• Mandatory Instruction Signs • Location Signs • Direction Signs • Destination Signs • Information Signs • Runway Distance Remaining Signs
Airport Signs • Most airfield signs are standardized.
LAHSO
• Land and Hold Short Operations
– In effect at some controlled airports
• Could be at:
– Intersecting runway – Intersecting taxiway – Designated point on the runway
– Xs or simply blocked off
• Displaced Threshold
– Begin/end normal operations for takeoff and landing rollout, not fordisplaced threshold
• Determination of available landing distance (ALD)
Lighting Systems
• Approach Light System • Visual Glide Slope Indicators • Tri Color VSI • Runway Lighting • Airport Beacon and Obstruction Lights
intending to land.
Causes of Runway Incursion
Airport Signs • Most airfield signs are standardized.
LAHSO
• Land and Hold Short Operations
– In effect at some controlled airports
• Could be at:
– Intersecting runway – Intersecting taxiway – Designated point on the runway
– Xs or simply blocked off
• Displaced Threshold
– Begin/end normal operations for takeoff and landing rollout, not fordisplaced threshold
• Determination of available landing distance (ALD)
Lighting Systems
• Approach Light System • Visual Glide Slope Indicators • Tri Color VSI • Runway Lighting • Airport Beacon and Obstruction Lights
intending to land.
Causes of Runway Incursion
仪表等级飞行员理论培训
–Then between 500-1,500 fpm to assigned altitude
• “At pilot’s discretion”: you may choose when to start climb and intermediate level offs
• Gentle turns climbing in VMC • Rely on YOUR “see and avoid”
• Standard Instrument Departures – SIDs
– Created for ATC traffic management purposes – Terminate at a NAVAID/FIX in enroute environment – ATC assumes you have charts
• Short range clearance –Fix within or just outside departure terminal area –Typically puts you where radar can see you
Departure Procedure
• Published textual or graphic departure instructions
Holding Instructions
• ATC will issue complete holding instructions with clearance limit /delay unless it’s charted.
• When the holding pattern is charted, the controller may omit everything except the charted holding direction and “as published”
• “At pilot’s discretion”: you may choose when to start climb and intermediate level offs
• Gentle turns climbing in VMC • Rely on YOUR “see and avoid”
• Standard Instrument Departures – SIDs
– Created for ATC traffic management purposes – Terminate at a NAVAID/FIX in enroute environment – ATC assumes you have charts
• Short range clearance –Fix within or just outside departure terminal area –Typically puts you where radar can see you
Departure Procedure
• Published textual or graphic departure instructions
Holding Instructions
• ATC will issue complete holding instructions with clearance limit /delay unless it’s charted.
• When the holding pattern is charted, the controller may omit everything except the charted holding direction and “as published”
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–Distance with fuel –Weather with route –Terrain with aircraft performance –Goal and your proficiency –Is this trip really necessary?
• § 91.103 Preflight action.
• Alternate is NOT needed when: – first airport has IAP AND
• §91.167 Fuel requirements for flight in IFR conditions
. • (a) No person may operate a civil aircraft in IFR conditions
unless it carries enough fuel (considering weather reports and forecasts and weather conditions) to –
14 CFR 91.167
• Fuel Requirements for Flight in IFR Conditions: – to first airport of intended landing – to alternate airport (if required) – 45 minutes at normal cruising speed
• Preflight Action: NW KRAFT • (a) For a flight under IFR, pilot should know:
• N- Notams (all available info concerning flight) • W- weather reports and forecasts • K - known traffic delays • R –runway lengths • A- alternatives available • F -fuel requirements • T –Take Off/Landing Distance info, Section (b)
• (a) For a flight under IFR or a flight not in the vicinity of an airport, weather reports and forecasts, fuel requirements, alternatives available if the planned flight cannot be completed, and any known traffic delays of which the pilot in command has been advised by ATC;
– (1) Complete the flight to the first airport of intended landing;
– (2) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, fly from that airport to the alternate airport; and
• (b) For any flight, runway lengths at airports of intended use, and the following takeoff and landing distance information:
•“NW KRAFT”
14 CFR 91.103
– Each pilot in command shall, before beginning a flight, become familiar with all available information concerning that flight. This information must include –
– (2) Appropriate weather reports or weather forecasts, or a combination of them, indicate the following:
• (i) For at least 1 hour before and for 1 hour after the estimated time of arrival, the ceiling will be at least 2,000 feet above the airport elevation and the visibility will be at least 3 statute miles.
– (3) Fly after that for 45 minutes at normal cruising speed.
• (b) Paragraph (a)(2) of this section does not apply if:
– (1) Part 97 of this chapter prescribes a standard instrument approach procedure to, or a special instrument approach procedure has been issued by the administrator to the operator for, the first airport of intended landing; and
IR Flight Planning
Flight Overview
• AIM: 5-1-1 to 5-1-13
• Before planning the flight details… take a broad look at your objective. Compare:
• § 91.103 Preflight action.
• Alternate is NOT needed when: – first airport has IAP AND
• §91.167 Fuel requirements for flight in IFR conditions
. • (a) No person may operate a civil aircraft in IFR conditions
unless it carries enough fuel (considering weather reports and forecasts and weather conditions) to –
14 CFR 91.167
• Fuel Requirements for Flight in IFR Conditions: – to first airport of intended landing – to alternate airport (if required) – 45 minutes at normal cruising speed
• Preflight Action: NW KRAFT • (a) For a flight under IFR, pilot should know:
• N- Notams (all available info concerning flight) • W- weather reports and forecasts • K - known traffic delays • R –runway lengths • A- alternatives available • F -fuel requirements • T –Take Off/Landing Distance info, Section (b)
• (a) For a flight under IFR or a flight not in the vicinity of an airport, weather reports and forecasts, fuel requirements, alternatives available if the planned flight cannot be completed, and any known traffic delays of which the pilot in command has been advised by ATC;
– (1) Complete the flight to the first airport of intended landing;
– (2) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, fly from that airport to the alternate airport; and
• (b) For any flight, runway lengths at airports of intended use, and the following takeoff and landing distance information:
•“NW KRAFT”
14 CFR 91.103
– Each pilot in command shall, before beginning a flight, become familiar with all available information concerning that flight. This information must include –
– (2) Appropriate weather reports or weather forecasts, or a combination of them, indicate the following:
• (i) For at least 1 hour before and for 1 hour after the estimated time of arrival, the ceiling will be at least 2,000 feet above the airport elevation and the visibility will be at least 3 statute miles.
– (3) Fly after that for 45 minutes at normal cruising speed.
• (b) Paragraph (a)(2) of this section does not apply if:
– (1) Part 97 of this chapter prescribes a standard instrument approach procedure to, or a special instrument approach procedure has been issued by the administrator to the operator for, the first airport of intended landing; and
IR Flight Planning
Flight Overview
• AIM: 5-1-1 to 5-1-13
• Before planning the flight details… take a broad look at your objective. Compare: