一战的起因【英文】 The Causes of WW1
一战爆发的原因有哪些
一战爆发的原因有哪些第一次世界大战简称一战(1914年7月—1918年11月)是一场主要发生在欧洲但波及到全世界的战争，当时世界上大多数国家都卷入了这场战争，是欧洲历史上破坏性最强的战争之一，那么是什么原因导致爆发一战呢？一起来看看吧！一战爆发的原因第一次世界大战是资本主义发展到垄断资本主义也就是帝国主义阶段的产物，是西方国家长期殖民扩张和争霸的必然结果。
在世界近代历史上，西方列强大肆进行殖民扩张，竞相掠夺弱小国家和地区，瓜分势力范围，构建殖民帝国。
其中，大英帝国最为庞大，一战爆发前夕其领土约占全球领土面积的1/4，帝国内人口也约占全球人口的1/4。
法国也拥有庞大的海外殖民地。
但后起的德国占领的殖民地较少。
帝国主义国家之间发展是不平衡的，后起国家随着实力不断加强，要求重新瓜分势力范围;老牌帝国主义国家为了维护既得利益，极力巩固已有优势。
帝国主义国家两大集团的形成，为第一次世界大战爆发准备了条件。
1882年5月20日，德国、奥匈帝国和意大利在维也纳签订了三国同盟条约，条约的核心内容是在未来战争中三国要相互支持。
1894年，法国与俄国签订了针对同盟国的军事协定，规定一旦同盟国特别是德国对一国发动进攻时，另一国要立即给予支持，对德作战。
英国在20世纪初放弃了“光荣孤立”政策，积极结盟，并于1904年和1907年分别同法国和俄国签订了《英法协定》和《英俄协定》。
至此，欧洲已形成“三国同盟”对抗“三国协约”的态势。
帝国主义国家两大集团之间的对抗，最突出的是英德矛盾。
19世纪下半叶德国实现统一后，经济社会得到快速发展。
在工业化进程中，德国开始走在英国前面，国力大增，与英国形成激烈竞争。
在海外殖民活动中，作为后来者的德国在19世纪末20世纪初与英国也展开激烈角逐。
例如，在列强瓜分非洲过程中，德国斜断非洲的“赤道非洲帝国”计划与英国从开罗到开普敦纵贯非洲的“二C计划”发生了直接碰撞。
英德矛盾也表现在海洋霸权争夺上。
Causes of WW1
• Seven members of “ The Black Hand” hid themselves among the crowds. A 19 year old Serbian named Gavrillo Princip stepped forward as the car passed by, fired two shots, and killed both the archduke and his wife on June 28, 1914.
The Powder Keg
The Alliances of Europe
The Tipping Point
Assassination!
• Austria-Hungary had taken over Bosnia, and was aggressive towards Serbia. Many Bosnians and Serbians were resentful of the Austro-Hungarian government, and a Serbian terrorist group called “The Blaห้องสมุดไป่ตู้k Hand” planned an attack: • The archduke of Austria, Francis Ferdinand, was visiting Bosnia. Him and his wife would ride in a motorcade through Sarajevo, the capital city of Bosnia.
Militarism
Militarism
• As a result of the competitiveness between countries to control the biggest empires, they needed strong militaries to both conquer new colonies and defend old ones. • Having a strong military was a source of pride and a sign of power, and each country tried to develop the biggest and best. • Competition developed between Germany and Britain, as Germany had the most powerful army, but Britain’s navy was superior thanks to it’s development of dreadnoughts.
一战原因 英文版
❖What caused the First Worl d War and how can we prevent a recurrence of such an catastrophe in the future? 导致一战爆发的原因是什么? 如何防止类似灾难再次爆发？What caused the First World War and how can we prevent a recurrence of such an catastrophe in the future?As far as I’m concerned，the reasons that caused the First Worl d War includ e root cause, main cause, specific cause and immediate cause. Now, I will briefly d escribe my own point view of every kind of cause.First of all, root cause is that political and economic d evelopment imbalance between the imperialist countries makes the emerging imperialist countries d emand a new world planning in col onies and hegemony after the second industrial revolution. For exampl e: during the second industrial revolution, the rank of German industrial output rose from third place to the second, As the emerging imperialist countries, Germany and American is not satisfied with their worl d ranking in the quantity of their col onies. Faced with this condition, there are many contradictions and disputes between the emerging imperialist countries and the old imperialist countries.Secondly, the main cause manifests in the intensification of the contradictions between the imperialist countries. The contradictions between Germany, Britain, Italy, France, Austria and Russia always happened because of the worl d market and col onies.Thirdly, the formation and expansion of the military bl ocs is the specific cause. In ord er to get more and more interest, these countries were allied. In 1882, Germany, Austria and Italy formed the allies named Central Powers. Subsequently, Britain, France and Russia established the Allied Powers to fightagainst the Central Powers in 1907. The Central Powers and the Allied Powers had formed the two major military confrontation groups in Europe , up to 1907. During the 1907-1913, the two major military confrontation groups constantly enlarged military.At last, not only is the Sarajevo immediate cause, but also it is always regard ed as the blasting fuse of the First World War. June 28,1814 is the day of Nation Day of Serbia. The Crown Prince Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary coupl e went to Bosnia's capital Sarajevo which was swall owed by the Austro-Hungarian in that day. When they turned to the corner on main street, the coupl e were shot by a Serbian nationalist young man named Gavrilo·Princip. With the support of Germany, Austro-Hungarian Empire d eclared war on Serbia in the July 28, 1814. It leads to the First Worl d War.When we review the reasons of the First Worl d War , we should pay more attention to the value of l esson. Although the Third Worl d War hasn’t happened, there are many contradictions happening between several countries or districts. How can we prevent a recurrence of such an catastrophe in the future? I think we shoul d take full advantages of the international organizations which will play an more and more important rol e in the world. Then, every country shoul d obey the principl es of of peaceful coexistence and respect other countries’ sovereignty no matter how small or big it is. Last but not l east, it is d epend on the effort of all peopl e who like peace.。
世界大战的原因英语作文
世界大战的原因英语作文The Causes of World War I。
World War I, also known as the Great War, was a global conflict that lasted from 1914 to 1918. It involved the major powers of the world, including the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire) and the Allied Powers (France, Russia, and the United Kingdom). The war resulted in the loss of millions of lives and had a profound impact on the world. In this essay, we will examine the causes of World War I.One of the main causes of World War I was the complex system of alliances that existed among the major powers. These alliances were formed in the years leading up to the war, and they were designed to provide mutual protection in case of an attack by another power. However, the alliances also created a situation in which a conflict between two powers could quickly escalate into a global war.Another cause of World War I was the arms race that had been going on for years. The major powers were constantly building up their military forces, and this led to a sense of competition and mistrust among them. In addition, the development of new technologies, such as machine guns and poison gas, made warfare more deadly than ever before.A third cause of World War I was the imperialist ambitions of the major powers. Many of these powers had colonies and territories around the world, and they were constantly seeking to expand their empires. This led to conflicts over territory and resources, and it also created a sense of competition and mistrust among the powers.Finally, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was the immediate cause of World War I. The assassination, which was carried out by a Serbian nationalist, led to a chain of events that ultimately led to the outbreak of war. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, and this led to a series of alliances and counter-alliances that quickly drew in the major powers.In conclusion, World War I was caused by a complex set of factors, including the system of alliances, the arms race, the imperialist ambitions of the major powers, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Thesefactors created a situation in which a conflict between two powers could quickly escalate into a global war. The lessons of World War I are still relevant today, as we continue to grapple with issues of international conflict and cooperation.。
一战的起因
浅析一战爆发的起因学院：历史文化学院专业：历史学学号：20095161141 姓名：李晶摘要：第一次世界大战，究其根源是资本主义发展不平衡性的加剧，导致后起的帝国主义国家强烈要求重新瓜分世界。
19世纪末20世纪初，资本主义由自由竞争阶段发展到以垄断为特征的帝国主义阶段，各国政府代表本国垄断资本集团为获取最大限度的利益，积极对外推行侵略扩张政策，在世界各地争夺殖民地。
老牌殖民帝国英、俄、法占据了世界绝大部分殖民地，德、日、美等新兴的帝国主义国家所拥有的殖民地却相对很少，这种经济发展和殖民地分配的不均衡导致帝国主义国家之间的矛盾日趋尖锐，新兴的帝国主义国家强烈要求重新瓜分世界。
其次，资本主义国家周期性的经济危机和国内阶级矛盾的尖锐化也使帝国主义各国统治不稳，各国纷纷扩军备战、寻找同盟，企图通过对外发动侵略战争来缓和国内阶级矛盾。
关键词：一战、瓜分世界、德国、英国、同盟国、协约国Abstract:The First World War, traces to the source is the capitalism development imbalanced aggravating, causes the young or up and coming generation the imperialist nation intense request to carve up the world. 19 century's ends 20 shiji chu, capitalism develops from the free competition stage take monopolizes as the characteristic imperialism stage, various countries' government represents our country monopoly capital group for the gain benefit maximum limit, the positive foreign carrying out aggression expansionist policy, competes for the colony in the world. Old-style imperialist country UK, Russia, France occupied the world major part colony, the colony which Germany, Japan, US and so on emerging imperialist nation had relatively have been very actually few, this kind of economic development and the colony assignment were imbalanced cause between the imperialist nation the contradiction to be day by day incisive, the emerging imperialist nation intense request carved up the world. Next, the capitalist country periodic economic crisis and the domestic class contradictions' intensification also causes the imperialism various countries rule not to be steady, various countries' expansion of armaments prepares in abundance, seeks for the union, attempts to alleviate the domestic class contradictionsthrough the foreign launch aggressive war.Key word: As soon as fights, carves up the world, Germany, Britain, the ally, the allies。
高中历史知识点整理：第一次世界大战
高中历史知识点整理：第一次世界大战高中历史知识点整理：第一次世界大战第一次世界大战(英语：WorldWarI、FirstWorldWar或GreatWar，简称WWI或WW1)简称一战，是在19世纪末20世纪初，资本主义国家向其终极阶段，即帝国主义过渡时产生的广泛的不可调和矛盾、亚洲，非洲，拉丁美洲殖民地和半殖民地基本上被列强瓜分完毕，新旧殖民主义矛盾激化、各帝国主义经济发展不平衡，秩序划分不对等的背景下，为重新瓜分世界和争夺霸权爆发的一场世界级帝国主义战争。
一、战争的背景(一)根本原因：资本主义经济政治发展不平衡(二)具体原因：1、三对基本矛盾(焦点：争夺殖民地和霸权)(1)法德矛盾(2)俄奥矛盾(3)英德矛盾2、两大军事集团形成(1)三国同盟(2)三国协约(三)直接原因：萨拉热窝刺杀事件(1914、6、28)二、战争的过程(一)交战国：(二)性质：非正义的帝国主义掠夺战争(三)战场：1、西线(英法比——德)具有决定性作用2、东线(俄——德、奥匈)(四)进程1、第一阶段(1914年)马恩河战役——德军速战计划破产，转入阵地战2、第二阶段(1915——16)(1)陆战：凡尔登战役、索姆河战役、俄军冬线夏季攻势(2)海战：日德兰海战(大战战略主动权转移到协约国一方)3、第三阶段(1917——18、11)(1)协约国阵营扩大(2)俄国爆发“二月革命”、“十月革命”，退出战争(3)同盟国失败三、战争影响1、对人类造成巨大物质、精神损失2、削弱帝国主义、殖民主义力量3、俄国十月革命胜利4、催发战后西方无产阶级革命和东方民族解放运动。
the_causes_of_the_1st_world_war
THE CAUSES OF THE FIRST WORLD WARChairman So – why DID the First World War break out in 1914? When I was at school, everybody blamed Germany. You know the stuff – Kaiser Wilhelm had awithered arm and felt a psychological need to have a navy as big as QueenVictoria’s. Didn’t the German General Moltke say: ‘War – and the sooner thebetter’? And the Treaty of Versailles blamed Germany.German Historian An interesting point over this is that – when they read Clause 231, the Germans were outraged. They KNEW they were not the ones to blame! So wepublished each foreign policy document we had … to prove that we had notbegotten the war. So all the other countries did the same thing – to prove thatTHEY didn’t beget it either. The Resultat is that we know more about theCauses of the WorldWar One, and there have been more books written over it,than any other historical subject.American historian The other result, of course, was that in 1928, Sydney Bradshaw Fay argued that the First World War wasn’t caused by any COUNTRY at all. Instead, heblamed powerful underlying forces – the system of alliances, militarism,nationalism, imperialism .British Historian (interrupting) … he thought alliances were the most important ...American historian … well there are all kinds of arguments nowadays that one was more important than the other – but I think Fay’s general idea was that all these things meshedTOGETHER to create a collective impetus to war. The world was sort-of sweptinto war, as if on a tsunami of mass-panic.British Historian That is so much bunkum! War isn’t a natural disaster. SomeONE has to go to war. SomeBODY has to declare war. What you have to realise is that thecountries of Europe were mostly dictatorships, and run by incompetents andmadmen like Tsar Nicholas and Kaiser Wilhelm. I’m with the writer EmilLudwig on this: ‘A peaceable, sensible mass of 500 million people was houndedinto war by a few dozen incapable leaders’.American historian But that is SO not true!First of all that ‘mass of 500 million people’ was not peaceable or sensible in theslightest. They were nationalistic and bellicose. Think of all those Britishpeople chanting in 1909 for more Dreadnoughts: ‘we want eight and we won’twait’.And secondly, those supposedly war-crazed politicians in fact workeddesperately hard to STOP war – Lord Grey, the British Foreign Secretary ... British Historian (interrupting) … Lloyd George thought Grey was pathetic ...American historian … Lloyd George thought everybody was pathetic but Lloyd George. No –everybody tried to stop the war. Tsar Nicholas appealed to the Kaiser as acousin. Wilhelm actually tried to order the German army to stop. They werestill swept into war. They were powerless before the run of events. Chairman Actually, looking at ‘the run of events’ – the Boer War (1900), the TangiersCrisis (1905), the Bosnian Crisis (1908), the Agadir Crisis (1911) – it strikes methat IMPERIALISM was a key factor in increasing tension Wasn’t Imperialisma key cause of the war?German historian Well must you be careful with that idea. Some historians say that imperialism actually HINDERED war – they say it was a sort of ‘safety valve’ for nationalistwar. They say that it was when the colonies ran out – when there was no moreland to steal in Africa – that Europe imploded into war…American historian [interrupting] … When Franz Ferdinand was murdered at Sarajevo, all theunderlying forces came into play at the same time – yes, Austrian imperialism inthe Balkans, but also the web of alliances, the individual leaders’ weaknesses,the desire to right past humiliations……and railway timetables! AJP Taylor said that, because every nation’s militaryplan used trains, once things had been set rolling they had to run according to therailway schedules. So there’s your tsunami – your unstoppable, non-humanforce literally railroading everybody into war …British historian … but the ‘slide to war’ was still about people making DECISIONS … DOING things.Austria declared war on Serbia.Russia mobilized to support Serbia,This terrified Germany because the Schlieffen Plan had envisaged going to warwith France first. ‘Is the Fatherland in danger?’ asked Wilhelm – well, ofcourse it was, so he ordered the German Army into France, and Britain decidedto enter the war to defend Belgium.Chairman Hmmm. I wonder. I suppose I need to go back to look at the facts and theevents and the dates … and decide for myself what I think.。
The origin of the World War One 第一次世界大战开端
The origin of WWIThe First World War●Time July 28th, 1914 – November 11th, 1918●Causes(i)The imbalance of the political and economic development between the capitalistpowers.(ii)The formation of the two major military aggression group. (colonial competition)(iii)The contradiction between the imperialist states. (Tensions in Europe)(iv)Sarajevo Event – Assassination at Sarajevo.→Place in the Balkans in Bosnia→Time June 28th, 1914→The Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary.→ A formal visit to Sarajevo, Bosnia→The Archduke and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were shot dead by Gavrilo Princip.→Princip was one of a group of six assassins, a Bosnia Serb and a member of the Black Hand secret society.→The assassins –The Black Hand Gang Group of Serbs who wanted Bosnia to join Serbia. →How A hand-bomb was thrown but rolled out of the car. It blew up, injuring some people standing around. The Archduke and his wife decided to continue with their visit. They would return down the same route as the got lost. The lost driver stopped outside a shop to ask directions. Gavrilo Princip was there trying to decide what to do after the failed bomb. He saw the car stop in front of him, so he jumped out and shot the Archduke and his wife.→Consequences➢Austria-Hungary decided that Serbia must be punished (Emperor Franz Josef) and planned to invade her.➢Serbia called on her old friend Russia to help her.➢Austria-Hungary then called on Germany for help. The German government agreed to this and their response provoked the French government.➢The German Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II said, ‘this is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity (for starting a war)!’➢Russia could no longer allow the Austria-Hungarian Empire pressed Serbia, made Russian status being threatened in the Balkans, immediately issued a military general mobilization and expressed support for Serbia.➢Russia’s allies, France, immediately declared their full support for Russia.➢Britain, which has not made any representation of it, seems unwilling to be involved in the war, creating the illusion of the Germany, in fact, looking at available timing for the excuse ofa war.→Effect - The fuse of the First World War●The road to war: Europe 1900-1914 - Tensions in Europe(i)Britain→Was angered by German support of Boers during the Boer War(1899-1902)→Feared German rivalry in➢Industry and trade➢Naval power➢Empire→Abandoned its policy of ‘splendid isolation’and began to build ‘ententes’(friendly agreements)(ii)Germany→Was a new nation (since 1871) anxious about its security.→Felt particularly threatened by France and Russia.→Wanted colonies as Kaiser Wilhelm II was jealous of Britain’s empire.→Was building the Berlin-Baghdad Railway through the Balkans.(iii)Russia→Needed an outlet to the sea and therefore wanted a weak or friendly power in control of the Dardanelles.→Opposed Austrian or German influence in the Balkans.→Saw the Berlin-Baghdad Railway as a threat to its position in the Balkans.→Wished to protect other Slav peoples:➢Hostile to Germany which ruled Polish Slavs.➢Supported Serbs and Bulgars.(iv)France→Was angered by the loss of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany after Franco-Prussian War.→Feared further German aggression→Wanted to protect its empire, especially in North Africa.(v)Austria-Hungary→Was an empire of many nationalities→Was worried by national groups which might want to rule themselves, especially Slav people in the south who looked to Serbia for leadership.(vi)Serbia→Was a new nation formed in 1878 after breaking away from the Turkish Empire.→Nationalists planned to create Yugoslavia (Southern Slavia) by bringing into Serbia all Slavs living in the south of Austria-Hungary.●Triple Alliance(1882) won→Germany→Austria-Hungary→Italy (transferred to the Triple Entente then)●Triple Entente defeated→France→Britain→Russia●What is the balance of power?→ A way that stops any one country from being more powerful than the others.→Great Britain, France and Russia kept Europe as they wanted it.●Rise of the German→Germany was many states before 1871.→In 1870, the most powerful –Prussia started to unite them.→Then, in 1871, it defeated France in the Franco-Prussian War.●How does a nation get power?→Military→Economy→Reputation●European powers→Turkeya.Ruled by corrupt government.b.Known as the ‘sick man of Europe’c.Had ruled all the Balkans but the people were driving the Turks out. –unstable area ofEurope.→Germanya.Very powerfulb.Most up to date industry in the worldc. A united country by 1870-1871d.Chancellor Otto von Bismarck –careful not to annoy after countriese.1890 –Kaiser Wilheim II took over government.→Austria-Hungarya.Was once a strong empire.b.Now government was weak and divided. (Austrians and Hungarians hated each other)c.In middle ages –had many different races in it. Worried by national group who want to rulethemselves. Eg.Slav people in the south who looked to Serbia for leadership.d.Ruled by the Habsburg rulers –stupid and inbred.e.Emperor Franz Josef was old and autocratic.→Serbiaa. A new nation formed in 1878 after breaking away from the Turkish Empire.b.Nationalists planned to create Yugoslavia (Southern Slavia) by bringing into Serbia all Slavsliving in the south of Austria-Hungary.→Italya.New country formed in 1866.b.Weak ruler, chaotic government, a pathetic army.c.Mafia and corruption everywhere.→Russiaa.Huge but backward.b.Nicholas II was weak and ineffectual ruler –dominated by his wife and the ‘mad monk’Rasputin.c.Kept power by setting the Cossacks(free men and adventures) on the mob and by hisOkhrana (secret police)d.1904 –Russia lost a war to Japan.→Francea.Was a democracyb.French government was weakc.1870 to 1871 –Germany tried to become a united country. France went to war to prevent aunified Germanyd.Germany won the war and took the area Alsace-Lorraine from France. France wanted to takerevenge.→Britaina.Was a democracy with a huge empire.b.Until 1900 –Britain believed in ‘splendid isolation’ –keeping out of the affairs in Europec.The army was dominated by the aristocracyd.Women were given a vote in 1918.●Results of the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)→Germany took Alsace-Lorraine from France.➢Powerful industry➢Hurt German & French relationship→Unification of Germany made it want the wealth & respect of the other great powers.●Tensions increase→The alliance system and war plans1.To protect their interests the European powers form a network of alliances. This reflects thetension rather than causes it.2.All countries draw up war plans.Results:◆By 1914 a war between any two powers is likely to lead to involvement of the rest.◆Germany’s Schlieffen Plan commits it to attack France.→The arms race1.(a.) Germany plans to double the size of its navy.(b.) To meet this threat to its naval supremacy, Britain builds superior Dreadnought-classbattleships.(c.) Germany responds with its own version.2. 1900-1914, the main Europe powers more than double expenditure on their armies. Results:◆Increase in Anglo-German mistrust◆Europe divided into two armed camp→Bosnia, 1908-1909Austria takes over Bosnia from Turkey.Results:◆Austria earns hatred of Bosnian Serbs.◆Serbia claims Bosnia for itself.◆In attempt to weaken Austrian influence, Russia encourages formation of the Balkan League →The Balkan Wars, 1912-19131.Balkan League drives Turkey out of the Balkans.2.Members of the League quarrel and fight.Results:◆Serbia gains extra territory◆Bosnian desire to join Serbia grows◆Austrian fear of Serbia increases●Participate in the war→The USAIn order to acquire spoils of the war and contend for the world domination→RussiaTo destroy German and Austria-Hungary forces in Turkey and the Balkans and secure their dominion in this region→JapanIn order to capture Germany’s territory in the Pacific Ocean and her rights and interests in Shandong, further invade China→BritainKeep the world’s dominant position, divide up the German colonies and dismantle the Ottoman empire→ItalyTo divide up the countries and regions of north Africa and Albania, and establish hegemony in the Mediterranean→GermanyTo realize the world hegemony, destroy British maritime hegemony and seize the British and French colonies→Austria-HungaryTo make Serbia a dependency, enslave Balkans●The Schlieffen Plan1.German war plan devised by General von Schlieffen in 1905.2.Assumeda.War would be on two fronts against Russia and Franceb.Russia would be slow to mobilize its troops3.Based on ues of railways to move troops4.Consisted ofa.Swift knock-out blow to French in the west through neutral Holland, Belgium andLuxembourg. Capture of Paris, encirclement of French armies attacking Alsace-Lorraine.b.With France defeated in six weeks, transfer of German troops east to fight Russia.●The failure of the Schlieffen Plan (History Revision Guide Pg 10 )1.Plan fails to anticipate that Britain might enter the war to defend Belgium. The BritishExpeditionary Force lands in France and, taking huge casualties, holds up the German advance at Mons.2.German forces in Belgium weakened when some withdrawn to fight the Russians, who hadmobilized far more quickly than the Germans expected.3.French plan to invade Alsace-Lorraine fails. Armies then sent to deal with German invasion.4.Germans, delayed by resistance and weakened by withdrawals make mistake of changingtheir plan. First Army diverted and sent on shorter route east of Paris instead of west.5.French and British check Germans at the River Marne. Germans retreat 60 kms and then digdefensive trenches.6.Both sides race to Channel coast in attempt to outflank each other. Both fail and digdefensive trenches. By the end of 1914 these stretch to Swiss border.。
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Alliances
• By 1914 all the major powers were linked by a system of alliances. • The alliances made it more likely that a war would start. • Once started, the alliances made it more likely to spread.
Seal of the Black Hand group
The Crisis 2.
• “Black Hand” terrorists attack the Arch Duke • Bomb attempt fails in morning • Gavrilo Princip shoots Archduke and wife in the afternoon. • Austrians blame Serbia for supporting terrorists.
Serbia’s national flag
Significant Individuals 1.
• Kaiser Wilhelm II • Built up German army and navy • Aggressive foreign policy • Determined to make Germany a top nation. • Distrusted by other powers
Militarism 2.
• Germany was competing with Russia and France to expand their armies
1880 1914
• Germany 1.3m 5.0m • France 0.73m 4.0m • Russia 0.40m 1.2m
“Germany must have its place in the sun” “The world belongs to the strong.”
Significant Individuals 2
• Count Berchtold • Austrian Prime Minister. • During the July Crisis, decided on a very tough ultimatum for Serbia
The Crisis 3.
• Austrians, supported by Germany, send Serbia a tough ultimatum. • Serbia agrees to all but two terms of the ultimatum. • Russia mobilises her troops to support Serbia • Germany demands that Russia stands her armies down. • Germany declares war on Russia
Nationalism
• This was an age when all nations wanted to assert their power and independence. • In Europe Slavs, aided by Serbia and Russia, wanted to be free of Austrian rule.
“Were the Serbs to agree to all thy liking”
Significant Individuals 3
• Bethmann Hollweg • German Prime Minister • Gave very strong support to Austria during the July crisis while Kaiser was cruising on his yacht
“Demands must be put to Serbia that would be wholly impossible for them to accept …”
Why did Britain get involved?
Imperialism
• All the great powers were competing for colonies / territory. • The British feared Germany in Africa. • The Austrians feared Serbia / Russia in the Balkans
“The Austrian demands are moderate. Any interference by Britain, France and Russia would be followed by incalculable consequences”
The Crisis 1.
• 28 June 1914 • Heir to Austrian throne Franz Ferdinand visits Sarajevo. • Capital of Bosnia, recently grabbed by Austria. • Hotbed of Slav nationalism
By A. Finemess
The Causes of WW1
•Militarism •Alliances •Imperialism •Nationalism •Significant individuals
Militarism 1.
• Germany was competing with the UK to build battleships. • The British feared an attack on their Empire