主谓一致专练讲义- 高三英语复习

主谓一致专练是单一的，或主语名词的数比较特殊时，其主谓一致一般要根据语法一致遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和邻近一致原则。

一、语法一致原则一般来说，语法形式是单数的主语，谓语动词用单数形式；语法形式是复数的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

The number of errors was surprising. 错误之多是惊人的。

They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。

二、意义一致原则主、谓语的一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。

主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采用复数形式；主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采用单数形式。

The crowd were fighting for their lives. 这些人正为生存而战斗。

Three years in a strange land seems like a long time. 在异乡生活的三年，仿佛是很长的时间。

(一)谓语动词为单数的情况1．由and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现。

The worker and writer is from Wuhan. 那个工人兼作家来自武汉。

比较：The worker and the writer are from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家来自北京。

Bread and butter is a daily food in the West. 黄油面包是西方的日常饮食。

2．every...and (every)．..，each...and (each)．.., no...and (no)．.., many a．..and (many a)．..连接两个单数名词作主语。

Every desk and every chair is made of wood. 桌子和椅子都是木头做的。

Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。

3．one / every one / each / either / the number＋of ＋复数名词作主语。

Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。

Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。

4．clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语。

Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area. 洪水灾区急需衣物。

5．以“s”结尾的词，但表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语。

6．表示时间、距离、金钱、等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。

Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown. 他离开家乡已经二十年了。

7．由any－，some－，no－和－one, －thing, －body等所构成的不定代词作主语。

8．非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语。

Collecting stamps is what he likes. 他很喜欢集邮。

9．单数名词、抽象名词、物质名词作主语。

(二)谓语动词为复数的情况1．由and 连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念。

Both bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黄油都已卖完了。

2．people, police, cattle 等有生命的集体名词作主语。

The police are looking for the missing child. 警察正在寻找失踪的孩子。

3．goods, stairs, arms 等名词作主语。

4．由山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等“s”结尾的专有名词作主语。

The Olympic Games are held once every four years. 奥运会每四年举办一次。

5．a number of / quantities of / a group of ＋名词作主语。

(三)谓语动词单、复数视情况而定1．class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public, government等集体名词作主语。

强调整体用单数，指各个成员用复数。

His family is a great one. / His family are music lovers. 他有个大家庭。

/ 他的家人都喜欢音乐。

2．means (方法), works (工厂), pains (辛苦), series (系列), species (物种)等词，根据主语表达的概念而定。

Not every means is useful. / Not all means are useful. 并非每种方法都有效。

/并非所有的方法都有效。

3．all, none, some, any 等不定代词作主语，根据其指代的内容而定。

All are present. / All the food tastes good. 所有人都在场。

/这些东西尝起来都很好。

4．“half / most / enough / part / the rest / the last / lots / plenty /分数/ 百分数＋of ＋名词”作主语，谓语动词要和of之后的名词的单复数保持一致。

Half of the students have finished their composition. / Half of the apple is bad. 一半学生完成了作文。

/这苹果一半都坏了。

三、就近原则谓语动词根据和它最邻近的名词或代词或其他词的数的形式来决定其自身的数的形式。

1．由or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词单复数上保持一致。

Not only he but also I am invited. 我和他都受邀请了。

Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it. 学生和老师都对此一无所知。

但注意“with / along with / together with / including / but / except / like / among / as well as / no more than / besides / rather than ＋名词”置于主语后，谓语和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。

The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom. 学生们和一位老师在教室呢。

2．在由there或here引起的句子及倒装句中。

There is a pen and two books on the desk. 桌子上有一支笔和两本书。

There are two books, some paper and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有两本书，一些纸和一支钢笔。

基础训练1. Neither he nor I _____ for the plan.A. wereB. is C are D. am2. My family as well as I ____ glad to see you.A. wasB. isC. areD. am3. My father, together with some of his old friends, _____ there alreadyA. will beB. had beenC. has beenD. have been4.There are two roads and either _____ to the station.A. is leadingB. are leadingC. leadD. leads5. Nine plus three _____ twelve.A. are makingB. is makingC. makeD. makes6. Twenty miles _____ a long way to cover.A. seem to beB. isC. areD. were7. Very few ____ his address in the town.A. has knownB. are knowingC. knowD. knows8. When and where this took place _____ still unknown.A. hasB. isC. wereD. are9. I know that all ____ getting on well with her.A. wereB. areC. isD. was10. The rest of the novel _____ very interesting.A. seemB. isC. areD. were11. Our family ____ a happy one.A. areB. wasC. areD. is12. The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who _____ from the countryside in our school.A. wasB. wereC. isD. are13. More than one answer _____ to the question.A. had givenB. were givenC. has been givenD. have been given14. The students in our school each _____ an English dictionary.A. are havingB. hadC. hasD. have15. The pair of shoes _____ worn out.A. had beenB. have beenC. wereD. was探究题1. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes.A. isB. areC. wasD. were2. One third of the country ______covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _______black people.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; areD. are; is3. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _______ evening dress.A. wearB. wearsC. has wornD. have worn4. Listening to loud music at rock concerts _____caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. isB. areC. has . have5. Such poets as Shakespeare____ widely read, of whose works, however, some____ difficult to understand.A. are；areB. is；isC. are；isD. is：are6. The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _______ rising steadily since1990.A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been7. The teacher together with the students _______ discussing Reading Skills that ______ newly published in America.A. are; wereB. is; wereC. are; wasD. is; was8. Either you or one of your students ______ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. areB. isC. haveD. be9.Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters,______ visit Beijing this summer.A. is going toB. are going toC. was going toD. were going to10.According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer ______ a woman.A. thanB. suchC. soD. as11.Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s, but it cost his. --_____A. as much twice asB. twice as much asC. much as twice asD. as twice much as12.—Did you go to the show last night?—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _____ invited.A. wereB. have beenC. has beenD. was13.A survey of the opinions of experts ____that three hours of outdoor exercise a week ______good for one’s health.A. show; areB. shows; isC. show; isD. shows; are14.We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _____so small that a day is unimportant.A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been15.As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area_______A. need repairingB. needs to repairC. needs repairingD. need to repair17.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ____ yet.A. hasn’t been decidedB. haven’t decidedC. isn’t being decidedD. aren’t decided18. It is reported that the floods have left about _____people homeless.A. two thousandB. two-thousandsC. two thousandsD. two thousands of19.She went to the bookstore and bought____ .A. dozen booksB. dozens booksC. dozen of booksD. dozens of books20.The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third____used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.A .is B. are C. was D. were21. Most of what has been said about the Smiths_____ also true of the Johnson’s.A. areB. isC. beingD. to be22. A poet and artist____ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.A. isB. areC. wasD. were23. The father as well as his three children ____ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.A. is goingB. goC. goesD. are going24. There _____ a knife and fork on the table.A. areB. is seeming to beC. seem to beD. seems to be25. Either you or one of your students ________ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A．are B．is C．have D．be26.—Several department stores, including the one we usually go to, ________ sidewalk sales this week.—Let's go and have a look.A．is having B．are havingC．has D．have had28.)Butter and bread ________ their daily food, but the bread and the butter ________ up now.A．is; is eatenB．are; have been eatenC．are; are eatenD．is; have been eaten29. An average of 200 letters a week ________ received by the newspaper's offer. Such ________ the case with us at present.A．are; is B．has been; has beenC．have been; is D．is; are30.)Britain ________ many other industrialized countries, ________ major changes over the last 100 years.A．together with; have experiencedB．as well as; have experiencedC．in common with; has experiencedD．instead of; has experienced31. We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife that ________ for their son's bad behavior at school.A．are to blame B．is to be blamedC．are to be blamed D．is to blame32.—We'd like a double room, please.—I'm sorry, but all but two single rooms with sea view ________.A．have been reserved B．has been reservedC．were reserved D．has reserved33.)So far a series of problems ________ brought about by this decision.A．have B．hasC．have been D．has been34. The sheep farmer used their dog to ________ the cattle that ________ eating the grass here and there.A．drive up; was B．pick up; wereC．round up; was D．round up; were35. WHO, together with the medical workers in the different parts of the world, ________ trying to find a way to prevent the disease H1N1 from ________.A．is; spreading B．are; spreadingC．are; spread D．is; spread36.The number of children who have lost both parents to Aids ________ to rise, reaching more than 26 million in 2010.A．are expected B．expect C．is expected D．expects37. All possible means ________，but we can't persuade him to change his mind.A. has tried B．has been triedC．have tried D．have been tried38. A certain number of tourists ________ complaining about the high accommodation price during the last month.A．is B．Are C．has been D．have been39. If you think there ________ huge quantities of oil for the use of drivers, you are wrong.A．is B．are C．has D．have。