2013年6月英语四级完形填空答案及解析第二套
2013年6月英语四级完形填空答案及解析第二套UK households are cutting back on spending at the fastest rate since 1980. This is __67__ to the worst economic slowdown in three decades.Figures from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) showed __68__ spending fell by 1.2% in the first three months of the year. People spent less on housing, household goods and services, __69__ those who went on holiday abroad also spent __70__ less.Consumers tightened their belts __71__ the face of job losses, pay __72__ or freezes and sharply reduced City bonuses. The figures showed employees'__73__ falling by 1.1% in the quarter, the largest fall__74__ records began in 1955. Wages and salaries declined, __75__ lower bonus payments in the financial sector than normal, while __76__ also fell.The data was __77__ as part of the ONS's latest assessment of the UK economy, which __78__ that gross domestic product (GDP) shrank by 1.9% in the first quarter, __79__sharpest decline since 1979. GDP stood 4.1% __80__ than a year ago, the biggest annual fall since 1980."The breakdown(分析) of first-quarter GDP gives a pretty __81__ picture of weakness right across the __82__ in the early months of this year," said Jonathan Loynes of Capital Economics."With __83__ components like household spending and investment set to fall considerably further in __84__ to the weakness in the housing market, the labour market and bank lending, we __85__ unconvinced that recent 'green shoots' will translate __86__ a return to decent growth next year."67. A. submitting B. resorting C. contributing D. extending68. A. personnel B. consumer C. folk D. client69. A. while B. although C. because D. but70. A. instantly B. simultaneously C. significantly D. actively71. A. at B. in C. up D. over72. A. dives B. pauses C. halts D. cuts73. A. composition B. conservation C. compensation D. construction74. A. since B. when C. as D. until75. A. to B. by C. for D. with76. A. competition B. employment C. achievement D. attraction77. A. released B. relieved C. related D. relaxed78. A. promoted B. justified C. confirmed D. advocated79. A. whose B. this C. their D. its80. A. poorer B. slimmer C. weaker D. lower81. A. amazing B. depressing C. blurring D. puzzling82. A. economy B. finance C. business D. commerce83. A. right B. free C. cheap D. key84. A. opposition B. response C. regard D. contrast85. A. remain B. maintain C. retain D. sustain86. A. toward B. through C. into D. beyond【总评】：本文选自2009年5月22日英国卫报里面的一篇经济报道，讲述了经济危机导致居民消费开支产生了自1980以来的最大幅度的下滑这一现象。
文章篇章整体结构看衔接，首段点明文章的中心“英国家庭居民消费开支产生了自1980以来的最大幅度的下滑，促成近三十年最严重的经济衰落”。
第二段指出居民消费开支的下降；接着第三段分析消费开支的下降的原因是由居民收入的减少引起的；第四段指出居民消费开支的下降和居民收入的减少引发国民生产总值的急剧下降。
最后一段指出是整个市场的疲软而导致居民消费开支和投资的大幅度下降。
整篇文章结构紧凑、逻辑性很强。
从第二、三和四个中段各抽出其中心句“consumer spending fell by 1.2%”“compensation falling by 1.1% ”和“gross domestic product (GDP) shrank by 1.9%”来分析用词汇衔接角度达到段落的逻辑衔接。
从这三方面用具体的数据说明经济的衰退fell by falling by shrank by 首先用fall过去式和分词形式，体现了词汇衔接的原词复现，从表达效果上看，突出强化了消费开支的下降和居民收入的减少；写到国民生产总值时选用了“shrank”一词，体现了词汇衔接的同义近义复现。
一方面从形式上看，体现了词汇的变换。
另一方面从语意看，由“居民消费开支的下降”和“居民收入的减少”两原因引发国民生产总值的急剧下降。
用“fell by”“falling by”和“shrank by”从三方面突出强调经济的衰退。
总之，该三段中心句结构表达的相似，且句意从不同角度表达居民消费开支、居民收入和民生产总值三不同角度表达一个事实“下降”。
使得这三段从逻辑意义上的微妙衔接起来。
从全文来看，文中使用了6次“fall”3次“cut”和2次“decline”这些词汇的重复出现是产生粘着，使文章上下文连贯的重要手段，这些表示“下降”词义的重复出现，突出强调居民消费开支的下降和居民收入的减少以及国民生产总值的下降。
更加强了经济萧条的衰败的状况，使句子之间语义衔接，达到使语篇连贯的主题思想。
整篇文章中用了“Sharpest,biggest ,largest ,considerably ,significantly ,Sharply”这些表示词语来修饰“fall”例如：“the largest fall”“the biggest fall”“the largest fall”“fall considerably”。
一方面这些词因表达相同或相近的逻辑概念而结合在一起，可以更精确地表意，在语义上互相补充，互为衔接，增强表达效果。
另一方面，这些词汇表示最大程度的副词或者形容词的最高级，突出强调了居民消费开支的急剧下降和居民收入的严重下跌以及国民生产总值的显著减少，更加鲜明的表达经济危机对经济发展的危害之大。
答案详细解析：67. C. contributing考查动词。
submit to 表示“服从”；resort to 表示“求助，诉诸于”；contribute to表示“有助于，促进”；extend to 表示“延伸到”。
综合解析68，69和70三题，该段共二句，首句总的说明了居民消费开支的下降了1.2%，第二句则具体说明那些消费项目减少了。
该段中共出现3处“spend”的相应形式，该词重复出现是产生粘着，使该段上下文连贯的重要手段。
同时也表明消费开支是该段的主题。
68．根据上下文的语境，再结合给出的各选项，consumer是正确答案。
consumer spending表示“消费性支出”。
且下文首句就提到”consumer spending”；69．考查考生对上下句关系的理解，上半句说人们在住房、日用品及服务上的支出减少了，下半句说出国度假的人花费也减少了，由此可见前后句是一个并列的关系，所以用while。
70．由首句说明了居民消费开支的下降了1.2%，这里是说出国度假的人花费也明显减少了，因此该选项要选择一个表示下降程度巨大的副词，因此，选“significantly”表示“显著地；重要地”。
而其他选项都不符合语境综合解析从71到76题，定位到本文的第三段，该段主要分析消费开支的下降的原因是由居民收入的减少引起的，且具体列举了各项收入的减少。
①该段中了”job,bonuses,Wages, salaries, employees, payments”构成了词汇链(lexical chain)，谈及人们面临失业压力、福利和工资的减少，。
伴随着工资的下降，竞争肯定越来越激烈，失业的越来越多，所以就业率就会下降。
2013年6月英语六级考试答案卷二
2013年6月英语六级考试答案卷二2013年6月英语六级答案(卷二)考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对Part I WritingControl trafficPart II Reading comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. What does the woman feel about the beauty in the picture?[C] Make-up can turn the ugly to be the beauty.2. What do women tend to do nowadays to care for their skins?[C] They tend to try natural vegetable on the face.3. What is the skincare function of cucumber according to the woman?[D] It is effective in tightening the skin.4. What does the woman suggest the man do?[B] Try some herbal plants.5. Why are flavorings added to the paste?[B] To give it a particular taste.6. What would be a good reason for buying the product?[A] It’s healthy food.7. When will the new product be available?[C] In about two years.8. One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them.9. When I looked at her and said “Bad girl,” She looked down at the ground and then went and hid.I saw a tear in her eyes.10. People would stop and ask if they could pet her. Of courseshe’d let anyone pet her. She was just the most lovable dog.Part III Listening ComprehensionSection A11. [C] She would like to know about that problem.12. [B] It is very interesting.13. [A] Taking a train.14. [C] The man should practice using the vocabulary.15. [A] Choose other time.16. [D] It will probably be cold.17. [A] The woman bought too many skirts.18. [B] In a hotel.19. [C] It’s the easiest way to communicate with other users.20. [A] It may not be of a high level of security.21. [B] IE and Windows.22. [D] Try to get a free E-mail account.23. [D] Refrigerator and kitchen stuff.24. [B] Advertise them on the university notice boards.25. [A] It may not pay well.Section BPassage One26. [C] Delighted.27. [B] Tell him the truth.28. [C] Remember a couple of names first.Passage Two29. [A] Cycling around a lake.30. [D] It needs water and electricity to keep its courses green.31. [C] It uses fewer resources.32. [B] To encourage people to go in for green sports.Passage Three33. [B] 334. [D] To get to know how to ask for financial aid.35. [B] To make JohnsonReview popular.Section C36. solo37. distances38. undertaking39. continent40. stranger41. puzzled42. afford43. estimated44. rapid economic growth has fuelled an explosive expansion in car ownership45. one of his aims was to promote cycling as safe, sustainable and environmentally friendly means of getting about46. with some estimates saying the number of people cycling to work has almost doubled in the last five yearsPart IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section A47. She fell so in love with a description of the Southwest of the U.S. that she moved there.48. As adventurous as the job sounds, the hard part is fact-checking all the information.49. What do we know about Jarolim from the passage?She is successful in her job.50. I always loved traveling and always liked to eat, but it never occurred to me that I could make money doing both of those things.51. What is one of the disadvantages of traveling as an air courier?She cannot decide when and where to travel.Section BPassage One52. Why is the woman calling the delivery company?[A] She needs some information.53. What is the woman sending to her sister?[C] Home-made candy.54. What day is the day when the conversation takes place?[B] Tuesday.55. Which method will the woman probably use to send her package?[D] Priority service.56. According to the conversation, in the late nineteenth century, what could a man’s headwear reveal about him?[C] His social status.Passage Two57. Tulips became popular among the upper classes because they associated the flowers with .[A] power and prestige58. In the tulip market, the Dutch bought and sold , which is similar to the futures market.[D] unsprouted flowers59. What does the author think about the age when the price of ever Internet stock skyrockets?[B] It is madness.60. when the market crashed, the prices of tulips fell by Percent of the highest prices.[C] ninety / 9061. What is regarded as the most recent version of the “tulip craze”?[A] The American investors’ madness over Internet stocks.Part V Cloze62. accelerated63. railways64. distant65. scarcely66. radius67. commute68. entrainment69. sparked70. know71. residential72. most73. but74. future75. occupied76. excesses77. related78. essentially79. where80. as81. processPart VI Translation82. If you are able to appreciate beauty in the ordinary (如果你擅于欣赏平凡中的美好), your life will be more vibrant.83. Consider the bad times as down payment for the good times. (把苦日子当做好日子的首付), Hang in there.84. You can’t change your situation. The only thing that you can change is how you choose to deal with it (你能改变的唯有面对它时的态度).85. A person’s character isn’t determined by how he or she enjoys victory, (一个人的品行不取决于这个人如何享受胜利), but rather how he or she endures defeat.86. No mater what, we all want to solve in a friendly way (我们都希望以友好的方式解决).。
2013年6月英语四级真题及答案详解
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案详解Total score: 710 Total time allowed: 125 minutes特注：2013年6月大学四级考试采用多题多卷形式，本试卷含两套写作题，考生可以任选其一。
Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题1) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题2) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Can Digital Textbook Truly Replace the Print Kind?The shortcomings of t raditional print edition textbooks are obvious: For starters they’re heavy, with the average physics textbook weighing 3.6 pounds. They’re also expensive, especially when you factor in the average college student’s limited budget, typically costing hundred s of dollars every semester.But the worst part is that print version of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions. Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom, essentially rendering older texts unusable. For students, it means they’re basically stuck with a four pound paper-weight that they can’t sell back.Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many of these shortcomings. But till now, they’ve been something lik e a mirage（幻影）in the distance, more like a hazy（模糊的）dream than an actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all your textbooks in a 1.3 pound iPad? It sounds almost too good to be true.But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition（过渡）over to digital books. Universities like Cornell and Brown have jumped onboard. And one medical program at the University of California, Irvine, gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooks just last year.But not all were eager to jump aboard.“People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading,” says Kalpit Shah, who will be going into his second year at Irvine’s medical program this fall. “They weren’t using it as a source of communication because they couldn’t read or write in it. So a third of the people in my program were using the iPad in class to take notes, the other third were using laptops and the last third were using paper and pencil.”The reason it hasn’t caught on yet, he tells me, is that the func tionality of e-edition textbooks is incredibly limited, and some students just aren’t motivated to learn new study behavior.But a new application called Inkling might change all that. The company just released an updated version last week, and it’ll be u tilized in over 50 undergraduate and graduate classrooms this coming school year.“Digital textbooks are not going to catch on,” says Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis as he’s giving me a demo（演示）over coffee. “What I mean by that is the current perspective of the digital textbook is it’s an exact copy of the print book. There’s Course Smart, etc., these guys who take any image of the page and put it on a screen. If that’s how we’re defining digital textbooks, there’s no hope of that becoming a mainstream product.”He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the ground up, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality. The traditional textbook merely serves as a skeleton.At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience. After swiping（敲击）into the iPad app (应用软件), which you can get for free here, he opens up a few different types of textbooks.Up first is a chemistry book. The boot time is pretty fast, and he navigates through (浏览) afew chapters before swiping into a fully rendered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view its various building blocks. “Publishers give us all of the source media, artwork, videos,” he says, “We help them think through how to actually build something for this platform.”Next he pulls up a music composition textbook, complete with playable demos. It’s a learning experience that attacks you from multiple sensory directions. It’s clear why this would be something a music major would love.But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is its notation（批注）system. Here’s how it works!When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner’s highlights and notes in the margins. It uses the experience of someone who already went through the class to help improve your reading (how much you trust each notation is obviously up to you).But with lnkling, you can highlight a piece of content and make notes. Here’s where things get interesting, though: If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple lnkling users, that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook to come across. That means users have access to notes from not only their classmates and Facebook friends, but anyone who purchased the book across the country. The best comments are then sorted democratically by a voting system, meaning that your social learning experience is shared with the best and brightest thinkers.As a bonus, professors can even chime in (插话) on discussions. They’ll be able to answer the questions of students who are in their class directly via the interactive book.Of course, Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings in traditional print as well. Textbook versions are constanly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs (the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already onboard). Furthermore, students will be able to purchase sections of the text instead of buying the whole thing, with individual chapters costing as little as $2.99.There are, however, challenges.“It takes efforts to build each book,” Maclnnis tells me. And it’s clear why.Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up, and you can tell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one.For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, and though a few of these educational institutions are giving the hardware away for free, for other students who don’t have such a luxury it’s an added layer of cost — and an expensive one at that.But this much is clear. The traditional textbook model is and has been broken for quite some time. Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen, and we probably won’t have a definite answer for the next few years.However the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction. And at least for now, that hazy mirage in the distance? A little more tangible (可触摸的), a little less of a dream.1. The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that _____.A) they are not reused once a new edition comes outB) they cost hundreds of dollars every semesterC) they are too heavy to carry aroundD) they take a longer time to revise2. What does the author say about digital textbooks?A) It’s not likely they will replace traditional textbooks.B) They haven’t fixed all the shortcomings of print books.C) Very few of them are available in the market.D) Many people still have difficulty using them.3. According to Kalpit Shah, some students still use paper and pencil because _____.A) they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPadB) they are unwilling to change their study behaviorC) they have get tired of reading on the iPadD) they are not used to reading on the screen4. Inkling CEO Ma tt Maclnnis explains that the problem with Course Smart’s current digital textbooks is that _____.A) they have to be revised repeatedlyB) they are inconvenient to use in classC) they are different from most mainstream productsD) they are no more than print versions put on a screen5. Matt Maclnnis describes the updated version of lnkling as _____.A) a good example of the mainstream productsB) a marvelous product of many creative ideasC) a platform for building multimedia contentD) a mere skeleton of traditional textbooks6. The author is most excited about lnkling’s notation system because one can _____.A) share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkersB) participate in discussions with classmates and Facebook friendsC) vote for the best learners democraticallyD) store information on the cloud7. One additional advantage of the interactive digital textbook is that _____.A) students can switch to different discussions at any pointB) students can download relevant critical commentsC) professors can join in students’ online discussionsD) professors can give prompt feedback to students’ homework8. One of the challenges to build an interactive digital textbook from the ground up is that is takesa great deal of _____.9. One problem for students to replace traditional textbooks with interactive digital ones is the high ______ of the hardware.10. According to the author, whether digital textbooks will catch on still _____.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) Children should be taught to be more careful.B) Children shouldn’t drink so much orange juice.C) There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.D) Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.12. A) Fitness training. B) The new job offer.C) Computer programming. D) Directorship of the club.13. A) He needs to buy a new sweater. B) He has got to save on fuel bills.C) The fuel price has skyrocketed. D) The heatin g system doesn’t work.14. A) Committing theft. B) Taking pictures.C) Window shopping. D) Posing for the camera.15. A) She is taking some medicine. B) She has not seen a doctor yet.C) She does not trust the man’s advice. D) She has almost recovered from the cough.16. A) Pamela’s report is not finished as scheduled.B) Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.C) Pamela is not good at writing research papers.D) Pamela’s mistakes could have bee n avoided.17. A) In the left-luggage office. B) At the hotel reception.C) In a hotel room. D) At an airport.18. A) She was an excellent student at college. B) She works in the entertainment business.C) She is fond of telling stories in her speech. D) She is good at conveying her message.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Arranging the woman’s appointment with Mr. Romero.B) Fixing the time for the designer’s latest fas hion show.C) Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday.D) Preparing for the filming on Monday morning.20. A) Her travel to Japan.B) The awards ceremony.C) The proper hairstyle for her new role.D) When to start the makeup session.21. A) He is Mr. Romero’s agent.B) He is an entertainment journalist.C) He is the woman’s assistant.D) He is a famous movie star.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Make an appointment for an interview.B) Send in an application letter.C) Fill in an application form.D) Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.23. A) Someone having a college degree in advertising.B) Someone experienced in business management.C) Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.D) Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.24. A) Travel opportunities.B) Handsome pay.C) Prospects for promotion.D) Flexible working hours.25. A) It depends on the working hours.B) It’s about 500 pound a week.C) It will be set by the Human Resources.D) It is to be negotiated.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) To give customers a wider range of choices.B) To make shoppers see as many items as possible.C) To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.D) To give space for more profitable products.27. A) On the top shelves.B) On the bottom shelves.C) On easily accessible shelves.D) On clearly marked shelves.28. A) Many of them buy things on impulse.B) A few of them are fathers with babies.C) A majority of them are young couples.D) Over 60% of them make shopping lists.29. A) Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.B) Sales assistants following customers around.C) Customers competing for good bargains.D) Customers losing all sense of time.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Teaching mathematics at a school.B) Doing research in an institute.C) Studying for a college degree.D) Working in a high-tech company.31. A) He studied the designs of various choices.B) He did experiments to different materials.C) He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.D) He asked different people for their opinions.32. A) Its automatic mechanism.B) Its manufacturing pattern.C) Its way of waking people up.D) Its funny-looking pig face.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) It’s often caused by a change of circumstances.B) It usually doesn’t require any special attention.C) It usually appears all of a sudden.D) It usually lasts for several years.34. A) They can’t mix well with others.B) They emotionally receive their friends.C) They depend severely on family members.D) They share similar interests with friends.35. A) They lack consistent support from peers.B) They doubt their own popularity.C) They were born psychologically weak.D) They focus too much attention on themselves.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and (36) ________ away in a . It could remain there for years and, often (37) ________, never reach the outside world.Things have done a complete about-face since then. (38) ________ for the change has been the astonishingly (39) ________ development in recent years of the computer. Today, any data that is(40) ________ about us in one place or another — and for one reason or another — can be stored in a computer bank. It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. They are owned by (41) ________ and by private businesses and corporations, lending (42) ________, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government (43) ________ at the local, state, and federal level.A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized date as a frightening invasion of their privacy. (44) ___________ _________________________________________________________ as the computer becomesincreasingly efficient, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain. In 1970, a national survey showed that (45) ___________________________________________________ _________________. Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry. (46) ____________ ________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the 47 risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get 48 benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important 49 of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and 50 bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week, 51 recovery days between sessions.Finally, flexibility and balance training are 52 important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are 53 , and simple flexibility training can 54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ll get an idea of how natural it is. The general 55 is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to 56 stretch it in an opposite position.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policie s and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?“Many policy measures to control obesity（肥胖症）assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to hea lthier foods,” note the two researchers.“In contrast,” the researchers continue, “many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance — like food — of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.”The research references studies of people’s behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them:Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted（分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in p laces that aren’t primarily food stores?Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, foo d companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.57. What does the author say about junk food?A) People should be educated not to eat too much.B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively.B) They provide misleading information.C) They are based on wrong assumptions.D) They help people make rational choices.59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.D) Easy access leads to customers’ over-consumption.60. What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak’s decision to bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency(自满) ,” that explanation doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film — and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said R ebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate（企业的）culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.62. What do we learn about Kodak?A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B) It is approaching its downfall.C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.63. Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?A) A burden.B) A mirror.C) A joke.D) A challenge.66. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence.C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Whether you think you need daytime rest or not, picking up a nap（午睡）habit is a smart, healthy move. The Mayo Clinic says naps 67 relaxation, better mood and alertness, and a sharper working 68 . A 2008 British study found that compared to getting more nighttime sleep, a mid-day nap was the best way to cope 69 the mid-afternoon sleepiness.According to the Harvard Health Letter, several studies have shown that people 70 new information better when they take a nap shortly after learning it. And, most 71 , a 2007 study of nearly 24,000 Greek adults in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that people who napped 72 had a 37 percent reduced risk of dying 73 heart disease compared to people who didn’t nap.Of course, napping isn’t 74 for everyone. If you’re suffering from inability to sleep, naps that are too long or taken too late in the day can 75 with your ability to fall or stay asleep at night.But for most, naps can make you feel sharper and happier. Naps provide different benefits 76 on how long they are. A 20-minute nap will boost alertness and concentration; a 90-minute snooze （小睡）can 77 creativity.According to , you 78 a natural dip in body temperature 79 1 p.m. and 3 p.m. A short nap at this time can boost alertness 80 several hours and, for most people, shouldn’t 81 being able to fall asleep at night.Pick a dark, cozy place that’s not too warm or too chilly. 82 snapping。
2013年6月英语四级考试答案卷二
2013年6月英语四级考试答案卷二2013年6月英语四级考试答案（卷二）Part I WritingReturn to the societyPart II Reading comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. What do we know for sure about Chris Brown and Rihanna according to the first paragraph?[C] Rihanna has accused Chris Brown of abusing her.2. What does the author suggest we do when teaching children about domestic violence?[A] Spend some time to expose some myths.3. According to the passage, when discussing about domestic violence, we should .[D] avoid referring to it as being provoked4. “violent fight” is different from domestic violence in that .[B] the former is two-sided while the latter is one-sided5. The author suggests that in most domestic-abuse cases, women return home after the abuse because .[B] they are too scared of men’s power to leave6. From what singer Kanye West said, we know that .[D] he forgave Chris Brown’s deed7. What can be described as an accident or a mistake according to the author?[B] Taking the gas for the brake killing a cat.8. According to experts, in domestic violence, abusers’attacks tend to be intensifying .9. What makes those abused stay with their abusive partners is the horrible cycle of emotional dependence, shame and fear .10. Women would criticize their own behavior when explaining why they are abused by their lovers.Part III Listening ComprehensionSection A11. [A] Play the music more quietly.12. [B] The professor may change his mind13. [D] She can’t go on the trip because of academic reasons.14. [D] It’s not certain whether the trip will take place.15. [D] The woman is applying a job.16. [A] She is unhappy with the man’s promises.17. [B] He wants to make sure that Mr. Smith will see him.18. [D] The man is unwilling to take a look at the houses for sale.19. [A] She needs some information.20. [C] Home-made candy.21. [B] Tuesday.22. [D] Priority service.23. [D] taking a quick look at an exhibit before lunch.24. [A] Through signs.25. [C] His social status.Section BPassage One26.[C] People differ from each other in facial features.27. [B] Learn to recognize human faces.28. [A] Movie actors.29. [D] People differ in their behaviors and physical characteristics. Passage Two30. [B] deg@/doc/1f12794606.html,.31. [C] $8,000.32. [D] See a doctor at the school Medical Centre.Passage Three33. [D] Human beings can make anything stand for anything by agreement.34. [B] Our culture determines what a symbol stands for.35. [C] Words are not necessarily connected with the things they stand for.Section C36. variety37. response38. usual39. approach40.discovered41. lengthy42. surveyed43. possible44. A list is then presented to the advisory committee which meets about once a month45. If the committee likes the list, it sends it up to the board of directors which makes the final decision46. So there’s a possibility that a stamp might be designed, but still never actually go into circulationPart IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section A47. [N] regardless48. [F] if49. [L] with50. [I] rather51. [D] sound52. [A] convinced53. [J] that54. [E] work55. [B] necessarily56. [H] onSection BPassage One57. What would Brownie do when someone was ill in the family?[C] Keep them company.58. What do we learn about Brownie from the passage?[B] She felt scary for her mistake.59. Why does the speaker say that Brownie was more than just a family pet?[A] She was loved by everybody she met.60. What is most difficult for Jarolim?[C] Checking all the facts to be written in the guides.61. What do we know about Jarolim from the passage?[A] She is especially interested in museums.Passage Two62. Why was Brian wearing so many clothes for his travel?[D] His backpack had no room for his clothes.63. What do we learn about an air courier’s job from the passage?[C] He delivers papers and packages to foreign countries.64. Why do businesses choose the air-courier service according to the passage?[C] It saves time.65. What is one of the disadvantages of traveling as an air courier?[D] He saves little money from the travel.66. When will the new product be available?[C] Two or three months.Part V Cloze67. artificial68. imitate69. nature70. agreeable71. though72. assumes73. insignificance74. supply75. as76. Whoever77. uneasy78. never79. affects80. contented81. what82. sake83. Manners84. but85. proper86. inPart VI Translation87. Consider the bad times as down payment for the good times. (把苦日子当做好日子的首付), Hang in there.88. He has a habit, The very next day not to wear the same clothes (第二天不会穿同样的衣服).89. .If you are able to appreciate beauty in the ordinary (如果你擅于欣赏平凡中的美好), your life will be more vibrant.90. Everyone wants to have a healthy body (每个人都希望拥有健康的身体). but are not properly maintained their.91. No mater what, we all want to solve in a friendly way (我们都希望以友好的方式解决).。
2013年6月英语四级真题及答案
2013年6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案详解Total score: 710 Total time allowed: 125 minutes特注：2013年6月大学四级考试采用多题多卷形式，本试卷含两套写作题，考生可以任选其一。
Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题1) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题2) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer thequestions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information givenin the passage.Can Digital Textbook Truly Replace the Print Kind?The shortcomings of tradit ional print edition textbooks are obvious: For starters they’re he with the average physics textbook weighing 3.6 pounds. They’re also expensive, especially whendollarsyou factor in the average college student’s limited budget, typically costing hundreds ofevery semester.But the worst part is that print version of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions.Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom,basically stuck with aessentially rendering older texts unusable. For students, it means they’refour pound paper-weight that they can’t sell back.Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many ofmirage（幻影）in the distance,these shortcomings. But till now, they’ve been something like amore like a hazy（模糊的）dream than an actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all yourtextbooks in a 1.3 pound iPad? It sounds almost too good to be true.But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition（过渡）over to digital books.Universities like Cornell and Brown have jumped onboard. And one medical program at theUniversity of California, Irvine, gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooksjust last year.But not all were eager to jump aboard.“People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading,” says Kalp who will be going into his second year at Irvine’s medical program this fall. “They werenwrite in it. So a third of the peopleit as a source of communication because they couldn’t read orin my program were using the iPad in class to take notes, the other third were using laptops andthe last third were using paper and pencil.” of e-edition textbooks The reason it hasn’t caught on yet, he tells me, is that the functionalityis incredibly limited, and some students just aren’t motivated to learn new study behavior.But a new application called Inkling might change all that. The company just released anover 50 undergraduate and graduate classroomsupdated version last week, and it’ll be utilized inthis coming school year.“Digital textbooks are not going to catch on,” says Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis as he’me a demo（演示）over coffee. “What I mean by that is the current perspective of the digitaltextbook is it’s an exact copy of the print book. There’s Course Smart, etc., these guys who take any image of the page and put it on a screen. If that’s how we’re defining digital textbooks, there no hope of that becoming a mainstream product.” He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the groundup, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality. The traditional textbook merely serves as askeleton.At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience. After swiping（敲击）into the iPad app (应用软件), which you can get for free here, he opens up a few different types of textbooks.Up first is a chemistry book. The boot time is pretty fast, and he navigates through (浏览) afew chapters before swiping into a fully rendered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view itshe says,various building blocks. “Publishers give us all of the source media, artwork, videos,” “We help them think through how to actually build something for this platform.” Next he pulls up a music c omposition textbook, complete with playable demos. It’s a learningclear why this would beexperience that attacks you from multiple sensory directions. It’ssomething a music major would love.But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is its notation（批注）system. Here’s how itworks!When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner’s highlights andnotes in the margins. It uses the experience of someone who already went through the class to helpimprove your reading (how much you trust each notation is obviously up to you).But with lnkling, you can highlight a piece of content and make notes. Here’s where thin get interesting, though: If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple lnkling users,that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook tocome across. That means users have access to notes from not only their classmates and Facebookfriends, but anyone who purchased the book across the country. The best comments are then sorteddemocratically by a voting system, meaning that your social learning experience is shared with thebest and brightest thinkers.As a bonus, professors can even chime in (插话) on discussions. They’ll be able to answerthe questions of students who are in their class directly via the interactive book.Of course, Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings in traditional print as well.Textbook versions are constanly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs(the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already onboard). Furthermore, students will be able topurchase sections of the text instead of buying the whole thing, with individual chapters costing aslittle as $2.99.There are, however, challenges.“It takes efforts to build each book,” Maclnnis tells me. And it’s clear why.Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up, and you cantell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one.For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, and though a few of these educational institutions aregiving the hardware away for free, for other students who don’t have such a luxury it’s layer of cost — and an expensive one at that.But this much is clear. The traditional textbook model is and has been broken for quite sometime. Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen,and we probably won’t have a definite answer for the next few years.However the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction. And at least for now,that hazy mirage in the distance? A little more tangible (可触摸的), a little less of a dream.1. The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that _____.A) they are not reused once a new edition comes outB) they cost hundreds of dollars every semesterC) they are too heavy to carry aroundD) they take a longer time to revise2. What does the author say about digital textbooks?A) It’s not likely they will replace traditional textbooks.B) They haven’t fixed all the shortcomings of print books.C) Very few of them are available in the market.D) Many people still have difficulty using them.3. According to Kalpit Shah, some students still use paper and pencil because _____.A) they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPadB) they are unwilling to change their study behaviorC) they have get tired of reading on the iPadD) they are not used to reading on the screen4. Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis explains that the problem with Course Smart’s current digital textbooks is that _____.A) they have to be revised repeatedlyB) they are inconvenient to use in classC) they are different from most mainstream productsD) they are no more than print versions put on a screen5. Matt Maclnnis describes the updated version of lnkling as _____.A) a good example of the mainstream productsB) a marvelous product of many creative ideasC) a platform for building multimedia contentD) a mere skeleton of traditional textbooksnotation system because one can_____.6. The author is most excited about lnkling’sA) share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkersB) participate in discussions with classmates and Facebook friendsC) vote for the best learners democraticallyD) store information on the cloud7. One additional advantage of the interactive digital textbook is that _____.A) students can switch to different discussions at any pointB) students can download relevant critical commentsC) professors can join in students’ online discussionsD) professors can give prompt feedback to students’ homework8. One of the challenges to build an interactive digital textbook from the ground up is that is takesa great deal of _____.9. One problem for students to replace traditional textbooks with interactive digital ones is the high ______ of the hardware.10. According to the author, whether digital textbooks will catch on still _____.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At theend of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which isthe best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) Children should be taught to be more careful.juice.B) Children shouldn’t drink so much orangeC) There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.D) Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.12. A) Fitness training. B) The new job offer.C) Computer programming. D) Directorship of the club.13. A) He needs to buy a new sweater. B) He has got to save on fuel bills.C) The fuel price has skyrocketed. D) The heating system doesn’t work.14. A) Committing theft. B) Taking pictures.C) Window shopping. D) Posing for the camera.15. A) She is taking some medicine. B) She has not seen a doctor yet.D) She has almost recovered from the cough.C) She does not trust the man’s advice.16. A) Pamela’s report is not finished as scheduled.B) Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.C) Pamela is not good at writing research papers.D) Pamela’s mistakes could have been avoided.17. A) In the left-luggage office. B) At the hotel reception.C) In a hotel room. D) At an airport.18. A) She was an excellent student at college. B) She works in the entertainment business.C) She is fond of telling stories in her speech. D) She is good at conveying her message. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Arranging the woman’s appointment with Mr. Romero.B) Fixing the time for the designer’s latest fashion show.C) Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday.D) Preparing for the filming on Monday morning.20. A) Her travel to Japan.B) The awards ceremony.C) The proper hairstyle for her new role.D) When to start the makeup session.21. A) He is Mr. Romero’s agent.B) He is an entertainment journalist.C) He is the woman’s assistant.D) He is a famous movie star.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Make an appointment for an interview.B) Send in an application letter.C) Fill in an application form.D) Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.23. A) Someone having a college degree in advertising.B) Someone experienced in business management.C) Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.D) Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.24. A) Travel opportunities.B) Handsome pay.C) Prospects for promotion.D) Flexible working hours.25. A) It depends on the working hours.B) It’s about 500 pound a week.C) It will be set by the Human Resources.D) It is to be negotiated.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) To give customers a wider range of choices.B) To make shoppers see as many items as possible.C) To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.D) To give space for more profitable products.27. A) On the top shelves.B) On the bottom shelves.C) On easily accessible shelves.D) On clearly marked shelves.28. A) Many of them buy things on impulse.B) A few of them are fathers with babies.C) A majority of them are young couples.D) Over 60% of them make shopping lists.29. A) Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.B) Sales assistants following customers around.C) Customers competing for good bargains.D) Customers losing all sense of time.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Teaching mathematics at a school.B) Doing research in an institute.C) Studying for a college degree.D) Working in a high-tech company.31. A) He studied the designs of various choices.B) He did experiments to different materials.C) He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.D) He asked different people for their opinions.32. A) Its automatic mechanism.B) Its manufacturing pattern.C) Its way of waking people up.D) Its funny-looking pig face.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) It’s often caused by a change of circumstances.y special attention.B) It usually doesn’t require anC) It usually appears all of a sudden.D) It usually lasts for several years.34. A) They can’t mix well with others.B) They emotionally receive their friends.C) They depend severely on family members.D) They share similar interests with friends.35. A) They lack consistent support from peers.B) They doubt their own popularity.C) They were born psychologically weak.D) They focus too much attention on themselves.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you havejust heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information.For these blanks you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally when the passage is read for the third time, you should checkwhat you have written.There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and (36) ________ away in a file cabinet. It could remain there for years and, often (37) ________, never reach the outside world.Things have done a complete about-face since then. (38) ________ for the change has been the astonishingly (39) ________ development in recent years of the computer. Today, any data that is(40) ________ about us in one place or another — and for one reason or another — can be stored in a computer bank. It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. They are owned by (41) ________ and by private businesses and corporations, lending (42) ________, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government (43) ________ at the local, state, and federal level.A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized date as a frightening invasion of their privacy. (44) ___________ _________________________________________________________ as the computer becomesincreasingly efficient, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain. In 1970, anational survey showed that (45) ____________________________________________________________________. Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry. (46) ____________________________________________________________________.Part IVReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section A Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physicalactivity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the47 risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get48 benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important49 of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and 50bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week,51 recovery days between sessions. Finally, flexibility and balance training are52 important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are 53 , and simple flexibility training can54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑). Some of this you do wheneveryou stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ll get an idea of how natural it is. The general 55 is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to56 stretch it in an opposite position.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Youshould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneA) allowingF) helping K) prevent B) avoidableG) increasingly L) principle C) brieflyH) lowest M) provoke D) componentI) maintain N) seriously E) determined J) maximum O) topicQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’redoing and yet we do it anyway.So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take alesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s dis “Many policy measures to control obesity（肥胖症）assume that people consciously andrationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information andmore access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers.the researchers continue, “many regulations that don’t assu me people make “In contrast,” rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance — like food — ofwhich immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.” behavior with food and alcohol and results of The research references studies of people’salcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising ifapplied to junk foods. Among them:Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted（分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These makealcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it.So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories?And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores?Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash-through facilities. Atregisters in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drivesupermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines.The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals forjunk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.57. What does the author say about junk food?A) People should be educated not to eat too much.B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively.B) They provide misleading information.C) They are based on wrong assumptions.D) They help people make rational choices.59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.-consumption.D) Easy access leads to customers’ over60. What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected,turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography anddominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.that explanation Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency(自满) ,” doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago,Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film — and in fact, Kodak inventedthe first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its newdiscovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at HarvardBusiness School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time thecompany realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent alot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult timeswitching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the newbusinesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate（企业的）culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fullyembrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them.Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the companycommanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which underminedKodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid wentinstead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.62. What do we learn about Kodak?A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B) It is approaching its downfall.C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.63. Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?A) A burden.B) A mirror.C) A joke.D) A challenge.66. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence.C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Whether you think you need daytime rest or not, picking up a nap（午睡）habit is a smart, healthy move. The Mayo Clinic says naps 67 relaxation, better mood and alertness, and a sharper working 68 . A 2008 British study found that compared to getting more nighttime sleep,a mid-day nap was the best way to cope 69 the mid-afternoon sleepiness.According to the Harvard Health Letter, several studies have shown that people 70 new information better when they take a nap shortly after learning it. And, most 71 , a 2007 study of nearly 24,000 Greek adults in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that people who napped 72 had a 37 percent reduced risk of dying 73 heart disease compared to people who didn’t nap.Of course, napping isn’ｔ74 for everyone. If you’re suffering from i nability to sleep, naps that are too long or taken too late in the day can 75 with your ability to fall or stay asleep at night.But for most, naps can make you feel sharper and happier. Naps provide different benefits 76 on how long they are. A 20-minute nap will boost alertness and concentration; a 90-minute snooze （小睡）can 77 creativity.According to , you 78 a natural dip in body temperature 79 1 p.m. and 3 p.m. A short nap at this time can boost alertness 80 several hours and, for most people, shouldn’ｔ81 being able to fall asleep at night.or too chilly. 82 snapping Pick a dark, cozy place that’s not too warm。
2013年06月大学英语四级真题含答案
2013年6月大学英语四级考试试题Part Writing (30 minute)Directions: For this part ,you are allowed 30minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline when bellow:1.有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师2.学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素3.学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题Part II Reading comprehension (skimming and scanning ) (15 minute)HighwayA government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and congress passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944,which called for strict, centric controlled desert criteria.The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century .To build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridge and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic, features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, deserts and plains. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load. Innovative, designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of American.Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida ,and remarkable tunnels like Fort Mchenry in Maryland and Mr. baker in Washington developed under the nation's physical challenges, Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.Today the interstate system links every major city in the U.S, and the U.S with Canada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians, or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, our engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads)By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of jobs, access to the growth options in terms of jobs access to cultural programs health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they enrich most: personal freedom of mobility.The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation's economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nation's freight deliveries arrive by truck. And most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle.Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations ,motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads, residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles. The high way system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said: "Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear -United States. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts."1. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921.2. General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than the two-lane highways of America.3. It was in the 1950s that the American government finally took action to build a national highway system.4. Many of the problems presented by the country’s geograp hical features found solutions in innovative engineering projects.5. In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of other American roads.6. The interstate highway system provides access between major military installations in America.7. Services stations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstate highway system.8. The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was___________9.Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than__________________10.The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition_____________Part Ⅲ Listening ComprehensionSection A11. A)The girls got on well with each other. B)It's understandable that girls don't get along.C)She was angry with the other young stars. D)The girls lacked the courage to fight.12. A)The woman does her own housework. B)The woman needs a housekeeper.C)The woman's house is in a mess. D)The woman works as a housekeeper.13. A)The Edwards are quite well-off.B)The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses.C)It'll be unwise for the Edwards to buy another house.D)It's too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house.14.A)The woman didn't except it to be so warm at noon. B)The woman is sensitive to weather changes.C)The weather forecast was unreliable D)The weather turned cold all of a sudden.15. A)At a clinic. B)At a restaurant. C)In a supermarket. D)In an ice cream shop.16. A)The woman did not feel any danger growing up in the Bronx.B)The man thinks it was quite safe living in the Bronx district.C)The woman started working at an early age to support her family .D)The man doesn’t think it safe to send an 8-year-old to buy things.17. A)The man has never seen the woman before. B)The two speakers work for the same company.C)The two speakers work in the same floor. D)The woman is interested in market research.18. A)The woman can't tolerate any noise. B)The man is looking foe an apartment.C)The man has missed his appointment. D)the woman is going to take a train trip.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A)To make a business report to the woman . B)To be interviewed for a job in the woman's company.C)To resign from his position in the woman's company. D)To exchange stock market information with the woman.20. A)He is head of a small trading company. B)He works in an international insurance company.C)He leads s team of brokers in a big company. D)He is a public relations officer in a small company.21. A)The woman thinks Mr. Saunders is asking for more than they can offer.B)Mr. Saunders will share one third of the woman's responsibilities.C)Mr. Saunders believes that he deserves more paid vacations.D)The woman seems to be satisfied with Mr. Saunders' past experience.22. A)She's worried about the seminar. B)The man keeps interrupting her.C)She finds it too hard. D)She lacks interest in it.23. A)The lecturers are boring. B)The course is poorly designed.C)She prefers Philosophy to English. D)She enjoys literature more.24. A)Karen's friend. B)Karen's parents. C)Karen's lecturers. D)Karen's herself.25. A)Changing her major. B)Spending less of her parents' money.C)Getting transferred to the English Department. D)Leaving the university.Section BPassage One Question 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Rent a grave. B) Burn the body. C) Bury the dead near a church. D)buy a piece of land for a grave.27. A) To solve the problem of lack of land. B)To see whether they have decayed.C)To follow the Greek religious practice. D)To move them to a multi-Storey28. A)They should be buried lying down . B)They should be buried standing up.C)They should be buried after being washed. D)They should be buried when partially decayed.29. A)Burning dead bodies to ashes. B)Storing dead bodies in a remote place.C)Placing dead bodies in a bone room. D)Digging up dead bodies after three years.Passage Two Question 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A)Many foreign tourist visit the Unite States every year. B)Americans enjoy eating out with their friends.C)The United States is a country of immigrants. D)Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food.31. A)They can make friends with people from other countries.B)They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles.C)They can practice speaking foreign languages there.D)They can meet with businessmen from all over the world.32. A)The couple cook the dishes and the children help them .B)The husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the address.C)The mother does the cooking while the famepand children within the guests.D)A hired cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests.Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard .33. A)He took them to watch a basketball game. B)He trained them to play European football.C)He let them compete in getting balls out of a basket. D)He taught them to play an exciting new game.34. A)The players found the basket too high to teach. B)The players had trouble getting the ball out of the basket.C)The players had difficulty understanding the complex rules. D)The players soon found the game boring.35. A)By removing the bottom of the basket. B)By lowering the position of the basket.C)By simplifying the complex rules. D)By altering the size Of the basket.Section CF or American time is money. They say, “you only get so much time in this life; you'd better use it wisely." The(36)__________without be better than the past or present. As American are (37)__________to see things, unless people use their time for constructive activity, Thus American(38)__________a "well-organized" person is punctual and is(40)__________of other people's time. They do not (41)__________people's time with conversation or other activity that has no(42)__________beneficial outcome.The American attitude toward time is not (43)__________shared by others, especially non-Europeans. They aremore likely to regard time as (44)__________.One of the more difficult things many students must adjust to in the states is the notion that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely every day.In the contest (45)__________.McDonald’s, KFC, and eating meals. As McDonald’s restaurants(46)__________, bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness.Part IV reading comprehension(reading in depth)Section AEI Nino is name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange ___47_____happens every five to eight years. It starts in the Pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风)，which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in ____48____,the ocean temperatures rise causing the Peru current flowing in form the east to warm up by as much as 5`C.The warming of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid(潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe ___49___thunderstorms.The rainfall is increased across South American ____50____floods to Peru. In the West pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and____51____.EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most___52____weather in modern history .Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds ____53___of damage. The 1990 EI Nino will ____55___,but they are still not __56___sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.A)estimate B)strength C)deliberately D)notify E)tropical F)phenomenon G)stable H)attractionI)completely J)destructive K)starvation L)bringing M)exhaustion N)worth O)strikeSection BPassage OneCommunications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to tell lies in phone conversations as they are in emails. The fact that emails are automatically recorded-and can come back to haunt(困扰)you appears to be the key to the finding.Jeff Hancock of Cornell University in Ithaca, Mew York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation foe each medium .He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages,27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls.His resolves to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected e-mailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment(非直接接触）of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication.But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid to lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone.People are also more likely to lie in real time in a instant message or phone call say-than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He fond many lies are spontaneous(脱口而出的)responses to an unexpected demand, such as: “Do you like my dress?"Hancock hopes his research will help companies work our the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium foe sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But, given his result, work assessment where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email.57.Hancock's study focuses on ____________.A)the consequences of lying in various communications’ media.B)the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas.C)people are less likely to lie in instant messages.D)people 's honesty levels across a range of communications media.58.Hancock's research finding surprised those who believed that________________.A)people are less likely to lie in instant messages. B)people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions.C)people are most likely to lie in email communication D)People are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations.59. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication?A)They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies. B)They believe that honesty is the best policy.C)They tend to be relaxed when using those media. D)They are most practiced at those forms of communication.60. According to Hancock the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because____________.A)Salesmen can talk directly to their customers. B)Salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate.C)Salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy. D)Salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively.61. It can be inferred from the passage that_____________.A)Honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communicationsB)more employers will use emails to communicate with their employeesC)suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposesD) email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company.Passage TwoIn a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come to work and live here? In the wake of the Sept.11 attacks these questions have never seemed more pressing.On December .11,2001,as part of the effort to increase homeland security ,federal and local authorities in 14 states staged "Operation Safe Travel" -raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification(身份证明).In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests. But those captured were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South American .Authorities said the undocumented worker's illegal status made them open to blank mall(讹诈)by terrorists Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.Mayor Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent. “We’re saying we want you to work in these places, we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when it's convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept.11, then you’re disposable Ther e are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons,” Anderson said.If Sept.11 had never happened the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely .Ana Castro, a ,mana ger at a Ben & Jerry’s ice cream shop at the airport had been working 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation(驱逐出境)。
2013年6月英语四级真题及答案【全】
2013年6月英语四级真题及答案【全】2013年6月英语四级真题及答案【全】Part I Writing对白：儿子： Dad, I'm a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste（处理核废料）爸爸： If you can empty the dustbin（垃圾筒） here, you can do anything！范文：The picture shows us a dialogue between a father and a son. The son told his father, “Dad, I’m a bit worried about disposing of nuclear waste”. While his father told him, “If you can empty the dustbin here you can do anything”. It reveals the importance of doing small things well before undertaking something big. There is also an old Chinese saying to go with this that a person can’t sweep the world before he can sweep his own room.Unquestionably, doing small things is the first step of success and will layroot for doing something big. By doing something small, we are enabled to accumulate experience, master skills and train ourselves to be more patient. In other word, we can be well prepared for further challenges in the course of fulfilling small things. By contrast, those who set out to do something big will be constantly haunted by disappointment, frustrations or even failures. As when opportunity “something big” appears, they can hardly seize them because of the lack of experience and confidence stems from doing small things.Taking the picture presented above as a case in point, how can the little boy succeed in disposing of nuclear weapons if he even doesn’t know how to empty1.who take an image of the page and put it on a screen.”可知，Course Smart现在的电子课本只是对纸质课本的复制，因此，正确答案为D。
2013年6月英语四级考试真题以及答案(第2套)(1)
2013年6月四级真题(第2套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on .the importance of learning basic skills. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2013年6月英语四级答案完整版
快速阅读答案：1. A. they are not rescued once a new edition comes out2. B. They haven’t fixed all the shortcomings of print books.3. A. they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPad.4. D. they are no more than print versions put on a screen5. C. a platform for building multimedia content6. A. share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkers7. C. professors can join in students’ online discussions8. manpower to put together each 9. cost10. remains to be seen仔细阅读答案之选词填空部分：47. H. lowest 48. J. maximum 49. D. component 50. I. maintain 51. A. allowing 52. G. increasingly 53. B. avoidable 54. K. prevent 55. L. principle 56. C. briefly仔细阅读答案之篇章阅读部分：57. C . Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.58. C. They are based on wrong assumptions.59. D. Easy access leads to customers' over-consumption.60. D. To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.61. C. Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.62. B. It's approaching its downfall.63. A. To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.64. D. They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. A. A burden.66. C. Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.完形填空答案：67. promote68. mind69. with70. remember71. incredibly72. regularly73. from74. right75. interfere76. depending77. enhance78. experience79. between80. for81. affect82. recommends83. tempted84. published85. motion86. wonders翻译答案：87. studying abroad by herself88. even if we invest time and money in them89. would live up to their expectations90. had he been injured in the traffic accident91. obtaining information from the internetThe Big is the LittleNothing can be done except little by little, the French poet Baudelaire Charles once said. Most people, however, often ignore such a truth. So does the little boy shown in the picture. He expresses his worries to his father about disposing of nuclear waste, but is told that he can achieve nothing if he doesn’t empty the dustbin first.Every single little thing you can do today matters. The truth has been tested for ages, and thousands of great people have set good examples for us. For instance, Leonardo da Vinci, the world-renowned master in painting, starts his career with repeatedegg-drawing. Lu Xun, the great man of letters, reminded himself to get up early by inscribing the character “morning” on his As university students, in my opinion, we should aim high, but at the same time, we shall never measure a task by its size. All in all, only those who have the patience to do simple things perfectly will acquire the skill to do difficult things easily.。
2013年6月四级真题(第2套)
2013年6月四级真题(第2套) D[02:00.05]College English Test (Band 4)[02:04.68]Part ¢ò Listening Comprehension[02:09.10]Section A[02:10.65]Directions: In this section,[02:13.66]you will hear 8 short conversations[02:16.35]and 2 long conversations. [02:19.27]At the end of each conversation,[02:21.57]one or more questions will be asked[02:23.61]about what was said. [02:26.19]Both the conversation and the questions[02:29.04]will be spoken only once. [02:31.85]After each question there will be a pause.[02:35.05]During the pause,[02:36.32]you must read the four[03:32.62]the fitness training program in your club.[03:35.97]M: I¡¯ll have you speak with the director[03:38.13]in charge of new accounts. [03:40.82]Q: What is the woman interested in?[03:59.30]3. W: It¡¯s really cold in this apartment.[04:03.72]Can we turn up the heat a little bit?[04:06.76]M: Sorry. I¡¯ve run out of money[04:09.01]and can hardly pay the fuel bill.[04:11.74]Maybe you¡¯d better put on a sweater.[04:14.40]Q: What does the man mean? [04:31.44]4. M: I¡¯m sorry, Miss. [04:34.20]But you have to come with me to the security office.[04:37.74]The video cameras in our shop[04:39.79]have recorded everything you did.[04:42.40]W: No, no. I...I didn¡¯t do anything.[04:45.84]I¡¯ll call the police if you dare insult me.[04:49.80]Q: What does the man think the woman was doing?[05:08.94]5. M: I think you ought to see a doctor right away[05:13.56]about that cough.[05:15.98]W: Well, I¡¯ll wait a few more days.[05:18.74]I¡¯m sure I¡¯ll get over it soon.[05:22.29]Q: What do we learn about the woman?[05:40.99]6. M: I¡¯ve heard that Pamela made quite a few mistakes [05:46.80]in her lab report.[05:48.63]W: Well, she wouldn¡¯t have [05:50.46]if she hadn¡¯t been in such a hurry to get it done.[05:55.08]Q: What does the woman imply?[06:13.59]7. M: We¡¯d better check out before 12 o¡¯clock, Marry. [06:19.10]And now there are only 30 minutes left.[06:22.63]W: Let¡¯s hurry up.[06:23.95]You go pay the bill[06:25.53]and I¡¯ll call the reception[06:27.06]to have our luggage taken downstairs.[06:31.17]Q: Where did this conversation most probably take place?[06:50.52]8. W: Have you ever heard this speaker before?[06:55.43]M: Yeah. She¡¯s excellent. [06:57.96]She gets her point across[06:59.88]and it¡¯s entertaining at the same time.[07:03.74]Q: What does the man say about the speaker?[07:22.50]Now you will hear the two long conversations.[07:27.13]Conversation One[07:29.92]M: What should I do about Mr. Romero?[07:33.03]Remember? He said it was important and couldn¡¯t wait.[07:37.70]I think he may want you for that new movie he¡¯s directing. [07:42.11]W: That¡¯s absolutely correct.[07:44.58]Now, we have to fit him in somewhere.[07:48.32]Uh... what does Monday morning look like?[07:52.40]M: That doesn¡¯t look so good.[07:54.44]You have a make-up sessionstarting at 6:00,[07:57.35]then filming starts at 8:00,[07:59.75]and that¡¯s going to take the whole morning.[08:02.51]W: Well, what¡¯s after that?[08:05.30]M: You have lunch with your agent[08:06.95]to discuss the awards ceremony[08:09.26]and you¡¯ll have to meet him at one o¡¯clock[08:11.06]at the restaurant.[08:12.12]W: Oh, terrific![08:13.25]Listen, I cannot miss that. [08:15.82]But I still have to make time for Mr. Romero.[08:19.09]M: Well, now, don¡¯t forget [08:21.52]you got a three-o¡¯clock appointment[08:23.15]with your fashiondesigner.[08:24.92]W: That¡¯s right.[08:26.33]You know he¡¯s showing the latest fashions from Japan?[08:29.83]You know that loose-fitting look?[08:32.06]Those clothes are so in this year.[08:36.42]M: At 4:30 you have an appointment with your hairdresser. [08:40.90]Then at 7:00, you have dinner with a journalist.[08:44.67]Now remember, be nice to that guy.[08:47.32]W: Do I have to?[08:48.89]That won¡¯t be easy and it¡¯s likely to run late.[08:52.33]How does Tuesday look? [08:54.41]M: Well, you have to spend the whole morning[08:57.14]at the photographer¡¯s. [08:58.49]They are taking photos topublicize your new movie.[09:02.93]W: What about the afternoon? Am I free then?[09:06.47]M: Let me see... Yes, you are free after 3:30.[09:12.18]W: Then you can set up a meeting with Mr. Romero at 4:00. [09:16.42]M: Ok. I¡¯ll get on it right away.[09:19.33]Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation[09:23.06]you have just heard.[09:25.10]9. What are the speakers doing?[09:45.11]10. What is the woman going to discuss with her agent[09:49.31]over lunch on Monday? [10:07.99]11. What do we learn from the conversation about the man? [10:30.32]Conversation Two[10:32.90]M: I¡¯m phoning up about this job you advertised in the paper.[10:37.36]This...er...young sales manager?[10:40.00]W: Oh, yes.[10:41.58]M: I¡¯d like to apply for it.[10:43.46]Would you send me an application form?[10:45.81]W: No. You simply send in a written application, a letter. [10:50.83]M: Can you tell me a bit more about the job?[10:53.75]W: Well, we are very looking for someone[10:55.84]who isn¡¯t too concerned about working fairly long hours. [11:00.21]M: What do you mean by long hours?[11:03.12]W: This is a job which does, [11:05.32]as the advertisement says, [11:07.10]have travel possibilities, [11:08.83]and very often,[11:09.94]one would be away atweekends, for instance.[11:13.21]M: Oh, I thought you meant working in the evenings[11:16.12]and working overtime. [11:17.67]W: Well, it could also mean working in the evenings.[11:20.77]But for a managerial post, [11:22.93]I¡¯m afraid we don¡¯t pay overtime.[11:25.49]Um...that¡¯s for other grades.[11:28.36]M: Oh. What kind of money are you paying then?[11:31.89]W: Well, this is to be negotiated.[11:34.97]Uh, it depends partly on your experience and education. [11:39.75]Perhaps you can tell me briefly what that is?[11:42.58]M: I¡¯ve just left school and got A level in geography.[11:46.64]W: Oh, I see.[11:48.85]M: And it¡¯s the travel that appeals to me.[11:51.86]That¡¯s why I¡¯m inquiring about the job.[11:54.76]W: Yes, I see.[11:56.57]What sort of a salary were you thinking in terms of?[12:00.31]M: Starting off,[12:01.30]I thought it would be something like ¡ê500 a week?[12:05.61]W: Well, send in a written application[12:07.95]and then we¡¯ll consider your case[12:09.67]along with all the other applicants.[12:12.30]M: All right. Many thanks. Goodbye.[12:15.15]W: Bye.[12:16.76]Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation[12:20.24]you have just heard.[12:22.91]12. What does the woman say an applicant should do first[12:28.45]to apply for the job? [12:46.28]13. What kind of a person is the company looking for?[13:08.49]14. What does the man like most about the job?[13:29.51]15. What does the woman say about the salary[13:33.84]if the man is accepted by the company?[13:52.86]Section B[13:54.06]Directions: In this section,[13:56.93]you will hear 3 short passages.[13:59.84]At the end of each passage, [14:01.73]you will hear some questions.[14:03.90]Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. [14:08.76]After you hear a question,[14:10.71]you must choose the best answer from the four choices[14:13.75]marked A), B), C) and D). [14:18.58]Then mark the corresponding letter[14:20.68]on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. [14:26.55]Passage One[14:28.71]A typical large supermarket offers[14:30.98]around 17,000 to 20,000 items for sale[14:35.85]and it wants to make sure [14:37.28]that its customers see as many of them as possible.[14:41.78]That¡¯s why you¡¯ll normally find the essential goods [14:45.10]like bread, vegetables and meat[14:47.80]in completely different parts of the store.[14:51.37]Products with a high profitmargin[14:53.64]are always placed on shelves within easy reach of the customer,[14:58.32]while lower margin items like sugar or flower[15:02.00]are on the top or bottom shelves.[15:05.25]Many people make shopping list before they visit supermarkets. [15:10.18]But even so,[15:11.15]around 60% of all supermarket purchases[15:15.12]are the result of decisions that are taken in the store.[15:19.23]For this reason,[15:20.16]supermarkets try to attract their customers[15:23.45]by placing certain kinds of product next to each other.[15:28.32]In the UK,[15:29.80]beer will often be foundnext to items for babies[15:33.54]because research shows [15:34.78]that fathers of babies buy them[15:36.81]on their way home from work [15:39.24]and will buy beer at the same time.[15:42.58]Research has also shown that[15:44.68]this kind of impulse buy happens more frequently[15:48.66]when no sales assistants are nearby.[15:52.07]Supermarkets have made selling such a fine art[15:55.86]that their customers often lose all sense of time.[15:59.87]When interviewed, customers normally guess[16:02.68]they¡¯ve only spent half an hour in the supermarket[16:06.12]even when they have beenthere for over 45 minutes.[16:10.22]But that shouldn¡¯t be too surprising.[16:13.62]Any really profitable supermarket knows[16:16.24]that it should keep its clocks well hidden.[16:19.81]Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.[16:26.17]16. Why are essential goods [16:30.11]displayed in totally different parts of the supermarket? [16:49.82]17. Where are goods with a high profit margin usually found? [17:12.00]18. What does the speaker say about supermarket goers?[17:33.07]19. What shouldn¡¯t be too surprising according to the speaker? [17:55.17]Passage Two[17:57.37]When Matty Sallin was working on a degree[18:00.07]in art and technology at university,[18:03.59]he got an interesting assignment in electronics class: [18:07.92]Create something for the household.[18:10.59]He decided to create an alarm clock.[18:14.63]"Everybody has to use an alarm clock of some kind every day, [18:19.00]and it¡¯s extremely unpleasant!" he says.[18:22.67]He asked different people [18:24.20]what they'd like to wake up to instead of a noisy alarm.[18:28.08]A lot of them said,[18:29.79]"The smell of bacon." [18:32.35]So Sallin invented a new kind of alarm clock:[18:36.19]a wooden box with a pig face and a digital clock[18:39.75]that uses the smell ofcooking bacon[18:42.74]rather than sound to wake someone up.[18:46.01]He explains, "There's no danger of burning,[18:49.18]because I built it carefully.[18:51.41]It uses light bulbs instead of a flame for cooking[18:55.26]and turns off automatically after ten minutes." [18:59.08]Just a few easy steps are required to set the "alarm."[19:03.94]"What you do is put in a couple of frozen strips[19:06.98]the night before," says Sallin.[19:09.44]Bacon is preserved,[19:10.81]so there is no danger of its spoiling overnight. "[19:15.11]If you set the alarm for 8:00,[19:18.58]it will turn on at 7:50 [19:21.14]and slow cook for ten minutes under the bulbs," he says. [19:26.44]Then the bulbs turn off [19:28.49]and a fan blows the smell out through the nose of the pig. [19:33.59]"So instead of an alarm, you smell yourself awake," says Sallin.[19:39.09]"Then you can open the door on the side[19:41.78]and pull the bacon out and eat it."[19:45.54]Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.[19:51.96]20. What was Matty Sallin doing when he created an alarm clock? [20:14.17]21. What did Matty Sallin do[20:17.68]before making the new type of alarm clock?[20:37.29]22. What makes the newly invented alarm clock so unique? [20:59.80]Passage Three[21:02.08]Most people feel lonely sometimes,[21:04.84]but it usually only lasts [21:06.84]between a few minutes and a few hours.[21:09.72]For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. [21:13.56]Psychologists are studying this complex phenomenon[21:17.00]and have identified three different types of loneliness. [21:21.18]The first kind of loneliness is temporary.[21:23.94]It usually disappears quickly[21:26.19]and does not require any special attention.[21:28.92]The second kind, situational loneliness,[21:31.99]is a natural result of a particular situation,[21:35.51]for example, a divorce or moving to a new place.[21:40.10]Although this kind of loneliness[21:41.83]can cause physical problems[21:44.19]it usually does not last for more than a year.[21:48.24]Unlike the second type, [21:49.80]the third kind of loneliness[21:51.58]usually lasts more than two years[21:53.85]and has no specific cause. [21:56.29]People who experience habitual loneliness[21:59.08]have problems socializing [22:00.77]and becoming close to others.[22:02.99]Unfortunately,[22:04.17]many of them think[22:05.25]there is little or nothing they can do about it.[22:09.19]Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness [22:13.65]is a person's social contacts,[22:16.13]for example, friends, family members, etc.[22:20.16]We depend on various people for different reasons.[22:24.38]For instance,[22:25.34]our families give us emotional support[22:28.26]and our friends share similar interests and activities. [22:32.17]However, psychologists have found that[22:34.66]the number of social contacts we have[22:37.47]is not the only reason for loneliness.[22:40.90]It is more important [22:42.03]how many social contacts we think[22:44.35]or expect we should have. [22:46.94]In other words,[22:48.02]though lonely people may have many social contacts,[22:51.59]they sometimes feel they should have more.[22:54.67]They question their own popularity.[22:58.54]Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage[23:02.56]you have just heard. [23:04.64]23. What does the speaker say about situational loneliness? [23:26.91]24. What problem will people have[23:30.40]if they experience habitual loneliness?[23:49.72]25. Why do some people suffer loneliness[23:54.05]according to psychologists?[24:13.41]Section C[24:14.97]Directions: In this section,[24:17.79]you will hear a passage three times.[24:20.49]When the passage is read for the first time,[24:23.14]you should listen carefully for its general idea. [24:26.53]When the passage is read for the second time,[24:28.87]you are required to fill in the blanks[24:31.20]with the exact words you have just heard.[24:34.49]Finally, when the passage is read for the third time,[24:38.12]you should check what you have written.[24:41.62]Now listen to the passage.[24:45.19]There was a time when any personal information[24:47.79]that was gathered about us [24:49.62]was typed on a piece of paper[24:51.58]and locked away in a file cabinet.[24:54.25]It could remain there for years and,[24:56.58]often forgotten,[24:58.09]never reach the outside world.[25:00.90]Things have done a complete about-face since then.[25:04.23]Responsible for the change [25:05.65]has been the astonishingly swift development[25:08.44]in recent years of the computer.[25:10.88]Today, any data that is collected about us in one place or another¡ª[25:15.88]and for one reason or another¡ª[25:17.90]can be stored in a computer bank.[25:20.45]It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. [25:24.36]They are owned by individuals[25:26.21]and by private businesses and corporations,[25:29.25]leading institutions, [25:30.60]direct mailing and telemarketing firms,[25:33.66]credit bureaus, credit card companies,[25:35.90]and government agencies [25:37.59]at the local, state, and federal level.[25:40.96]A growing number of Americans[25:42.88]are seeing the accumulation[25:44.48]and distribution of computerized data[25:47.40]as a frightening invasion of their privacy.[25:51.28]Surveys show that the number of worried Americans[25:54.32]has been steadily growing over the years[25:56.95]as the computer becomes increasingly efficient,[25:59.87]easier to operate,[26:01.18]and less costly to purchase and maintain.[26:04.42]In 1970, a national survey showed[26:07.69]that 37 percent of the people questioned[26:11.22]felt their privacy was being invaded.[26:14.75]Seven years later,[26:16.11]47 percent expressed the same worry.[26:19.93]A recent survey by a credit bureau revealed[26:22.99]that the number of alarmed citizens[26:25.36]had shot up to 76 percent. [26:28.95]Now the passage will be read again.[26:32.56]There was a time when any personal information[26:36.03]that was gathered about us [26:37.53]was typed on a piece of paper[26:40.01]and locked away in a file cabinet.[26:43.10]It could remain there for years and,[26:45.88]often forgotten,[26:47.71]never reach the outside world.[26:51.10]Things have done a complete about-face since then.[26:54.50]Responsible for the change[26:56.12]has been the astonishingly swift development[26:59.21]in recent years of the computer.[27:02.32]Today, any data that is collected about us in one place or another¡ª[27:07.63]and for one reason or another¡ª[27:10.16]can be stored in a computer bank.[27:13.02]It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. [27:16.79]They are owned by individuals[27:18.72]and by private businesses and corporations,[27:22.31]leading institutions, [27:23.90]direct mailing and telemarketing firms,[27:27.23]credit bureaus, credit card companies,[27:30.28]and government agencies [27:31.92]at the local, state, and federal level.[27:35.14]A growing number of Americans[27:37.41]are seeing the accumulation[27:39.18]and distribution of computerized data[27:42.50]as a frightening invasion of their privacy.[27:45.96]Surveys show that the number of worried Americans[27:49.42]has been steadily growing over the years[27:52.68]as the computer becomes increasingly efficient,[27:56.14]easier to operate,[27:57.84]and less costly to purchase and maintain.[28:01.49]In 1970, a national survey showed[28:04.21]that 37 percent of the people questioned[28:07.55]felt their privacy was being invaded.[28:10.62]Seven years later,[28:12.21]47 percent expressed the same worry.[28:16.14]A recent survey by a credit bureau revealed[28:19.46]that the number of alarmed citizens[28:21.72]had shot up to 76 percent. [28:25.03]Now the passage will be read for the third time.[28:28.78]There was a time when any personal information[28:31.39]that was gathered about us [28:33.22]was typed on a piece of paper[28:35.26]and locked away in a file cabinet.[28:37.91]It could remain there foryears and,[28:40.03]often forgotten,[28:41.71]never reach the outside world.[28:44.59]Things have done a complete about-face since then.[28:47.93]Responsible for the change [28:49.44]has been the astonishingly swift development[28:52.16]in recent years of the computer.[28:54.64]Today, any data that is collected about us in one place or another¡ª[28:59.68]and for one reason or another¡ª[29:01.72]can be stored in a computer bank.[29:04.32]It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. [29:08.22]They are owned by individuals[29:10.16]and by private businesses and corporations,[29:13.17]leading institutions, [29:14.60]direct mailing and telemarketing firms,[29:17.60]credit bureaus, credit card companies,[29:19.89]and government agencies [29:21.60]at the local, state, and federal level.[29:24.96]A growing number of Americans[29:26.90]are seeing the accumulation[29:28.40]and distribution of computerized data[29:31.52]as a frightening invasion of their privacy.[29:35.37]Surveys show that the number of worried Americans[29:38.48]has been steadily growing over the years[29:41.06]as the computer becomes increasingly efficient,[29:43.98]easier to operate,[29:45.30]and less costly to purchase and maintain.[29:48.60]In 1970, a national survey showed[29:51.75]that 37 percent of the people questioned[29:55.53]felt their privacy was being invaded.[29:58.85]Seven years later,[30:00.21]47 percent expressed the same worry.[30:04.07]A recent survey by a credit bureau revealed[30:07.06]that the number of alarmed citizens[30:09.45]had shot up to 76 percent. [30:13.14]This is the end of listening comprehension.。
2013年6月英语四级真题及问题详解
2013年 6月大学英语四级考试真题及答案详解Total score: 710 Total time allowed: 125 minutes特注： 2013年 6月大学四级考试采用多题多卷形式，本试卷含两套写作题，考生可以任选其一。
Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题 1) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part I Writing (多题多卷写作题 2) (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Can Digital Textbook Truly Replace the Print Kind?The shortcomings of traditional print edition textbooks are obvious: For starters they’re heavy, with the average physics textbook weighing 3.6 pounds. They’re also expensive, especially when you factor in the average college student’s limited budget, typically costing hundreds of dollars every semester.But the worst part is that print version of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions. Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom, essentially rendering older texts unusable. For students, it means they’re basically stuck with a four pound paper-weight that they can’t sell back.Which is why digital textbooks, if they live up to their promise, could help ease many of these shortcomings. But till now, they’ve been something like a mirage （幻影）in the distance, more like a hazy（模糊的）dream than an actual reality. Imagine the promise: Carrying all your textbooks in a 1.3 pound iPad? It sounds almost too good to be true.But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition（过渡）over to digital books. Universities like Cornell and Brown have jumped onboard. And one medical program at the University of California, Irvine, gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooks just last year.But not all were eager to jump aboard.“People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading,”says Kalpit Shah, who will be going into his second year at Irvine’s medical program this fall. “They weren’t using it as a source of communication because they couldn’t read or write in it. So a third of the people in my program were using the iPad in class to take notes, the other third were using laptops and the last third were using paper and pencil.”The reason it hasn’t caught on yet, he tells me, is that the functionality of e-edition textbooks is incredibly limited, and some students just aren’t motivated to learn new study behavior.But a new application called Inkling might change all that. The company just released an updated version last week, and it’ll be utilized in over 50 undergraduate and graduate classrooms this coming school year.“Digital textbooks are not going to catch on,” says Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis as he’s giving me a demo（演示）over coffee. “What I mean by that is the current perspective of the digital textbook is it’s an exact copy of the print book. There’s Course Smart, etc., these guys who take any image of the page and put it on a screen. If that’s how we’re defining digital textbooks, there’s no hope of that becoming a mainstream product.”He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content fromthe ground up, with a heavy emphasis on real-world functionality. The traditional textbook merely serves as a skeleton.At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience. After swiping（敲击）into the iPad app(应用软件 ), which you can get for free here, he opens up a few different types of textbooks.Up first is a chemistry book. The boot time is pretty fast, and he navigates through(浏览 ) a few chapters before swiping into a fully rendered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view its various building blocks. “Publishers give us all of the source media, artwork, videos,” he says, “We help them think through how to actually build something for this platform.”Next he pulls up a music composition textbook, complete with playable demos. It’s a learning experience that attacks you from multiple sensory directions. It’s clear why this would be something a music major would love.But the most exciting part about Inkling, to me, is its notation（批注）system. Here’s how it works!When you purchase a used print book, it comes with its previous owner’s highlights and notes in the margins. It uses the experience of someone who already went through the class to help improve your reading (how much you trust each notation is obviously up to you).But with lnkling, you can highlight a piece of content and make notes. Here’s where things get interesting, though: If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple lnkling users, that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook to come across. That means users have access to notes from not only their classmates and Facebook friends, but anyone who purchased the book across the country. The best comments are then sorted democratically by a voting system, meaning that your social learning experience is shared with the best and brightest thinkers.As a bonus, professors can even chime in (插话 ) on discussions. They’ll be able to answer the questions of students who are in their class directly via the interactive book.Of course, Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings in traditional print as well. Textbook versions are constanly updated, motivating publishers by minimizing production costs (the big ones like McGraw-Hill are already onboard). Furthermore, students will be able to purchase sections of the text instead of buying the whole thing, with individual chapters costing as little as $2.99.There are, however, challenges.“It takes efforts to build each book,” Maclnnis tells me. And it’s clear why.Each interactive textbook is a media-heavy experience built from the ground up, and you can tell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one.For now the app is also iPad-exclusive, and though a few of these educational institutions are giving the hardware away for free, for other students who don’t have such a luxury it’s an added layer of cost — and an expensive one at that.But this much is clear. The traditional textbook model is and has been brokenfor quite some time. Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually takeoff or not remains to be seen, and we probably won’t have a definite answer forthe next few years.However the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction. And atleast for now, that hazy mirage in the distance? A little more tangible (可触摸的 ), a little less of a dream.1. The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that _____.A) they are not reused once a new edition comes outB) they cost hundreds of dollars every semesterC) they are too heavy to carry aroundD) they take a longer time to revise2. What does the author say about digital textbooks?A) It’s not likely they will replace traditional textbooks.B) They haven’t fixed all the shortcomings of print books.C) Very few of them are available in the market.D) Many people still have difficulty using them.3. According to Kalpit Shah, some students still use paper and pencil because _____.A) they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPadB) they are unwilling to change their study behaviorC) they have get tired of reading on the iPadD) they are not used to reading on the screen4. Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis explains that the problem with Course Smart’s currentdigital textbooks is that _____.A) they have to be revised repeatedlyB) they are inconvenient to use in classC) they are different from most mainstream productsD) they are no more than print versions put on a screen5. Matt Maclnnis describes the updated version of lnkling as _____.A) a good example of the mainstream productsB) a marvelous product of many creative ideasC) a platform for building multimedia contentD) a mere skeleton of traditional textbooks6. The author is most excited about lnkling’s notation system because one can _____.A) share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkersB) participate in discussions with classmates and Facebook friendsC) vote for the best learners democraticallyD) store information on the cloud7. One additional advantage of the interactive digital textbook is that _____.A) students can switch to different discussions at any pointB) students can download relevant critical commentsC) professors can join in students’ online discussionsD) professors can give prompt feedback to students’ homework8. One of the challenges to build an interactive digital textbook from the groundup is that is takes a great deal of _____.9. One problem for students to replace traditional textbooks with interactive digital ones is the high ______ of the hardware.10. According to the author, whether digital textbooks will catch on still _____.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.11. A) Children should be taught to be more careful.B) Children shouldn’t drink so much orange juice.C) There is no need for the man to make such a fuss.D) Timmy should learn to do things in the right way.12. A) Fitness training. B) The new job offer.C) Computer programming. D) Directorship of the club.13. A) He needs to buy a new sweater. B) He has got to save on fuel bills.C) The fuel price has skyrocketed. D) The heating system doesn’t work.14. A) Committing theft. B) Taking pictures.C) Window shopping. D) Posing for the camera.15. A) She is taking some medicine. B) She has not seen a doctor yet.C) She does not trust the man’s advice. D) She has almost recovered from the cough.16. A) Pamela’s report is not finished as scheduled.B) Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry.C) Pamela is not good at writing research papers.D) Pamela’s mistakes could have been avoided.17. A) In the left-luggage office. B) At the hotel reception.C) In a hotel room. D) At an airport.18. A) She was an excellent student at college. B) She works in the entertainment business.C) She is fond of telling stories in her speech. D) She is good at conveying her message.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Arranging the woman’s appointment with Mr. Romero.B) Fixing the time for the designer’s latest fashion show.C) Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday.D) Preparing for the filming on Monday morning.20. A) Her travel to Japan.B) The awards ceremony.C) The proper hairstyle for her new role.D) When to start the makeup session.21. A) He is Mr. Romero’s agent.B) He is an entertainment journalist.C) He is the woman’s assistant.D) He is a famous movie star.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) Make an appointment for an interview.B) Send in an application letter.C) Fill in an application form.D) Make a brief self-introduction on the phone.23. A) Someone having a college degree in advertising.B) Someone experienced in business management.C) Someone ready to take on more responsibilities.D) Someone willing to work beyond regular hours.24. A) Travel opportunities.B) Handsome pay.C) Prospects for promotion.D) Flexible working hours.25. A) It depends on the working hours.B) It’s about 500 pound a week.C) It will be set by the Human Resources.D) It is to be negotiated.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) To give customers a wider range of choices.B) To make shoppers see as many items as possible.C) To supply as many varieties of goods as it can.D) To give space for more profitable products.27. A) On the top shelves.B) On the bottom shelves.C) On easily accessible shelves.D) On clearly marked shelves.28. A) Many of them buy things on impulse.B) A few of them are fathers with babies.C) A majority of them are young couples.D) Over 60% of them make shopping lists.29. A) Sales assistants promoting high margin goods.B) Sales assistants following customers around.C) Customers competing for good bargains.D) Customers losing all sense of time.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Teaching mathematics at a school.B) Doing research in an institute.C) Studying for a college degree.D) Working in a high-tech company.31. A) He studied the designs of various choices.B) He did experiments to different materials.C) He bought an alarm clock with a pig face.D) He asked different people for their opinions.32. A) Its automatic mechanism.B) Its manufacturing pattern.C) Its way of waking people up.D) Its funny-looking pig face.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) It’s often caused by a change of circumstances.B) It usually doesn’t require any special attention.C) It usually appears all of a sudden.D) It usually lasts for several years.34. A) They can’t mix well with others.B) They emotionally receive their friends.C) They depend severely on family members.D) They share similar interests with friends.35. A) They lack consistent support from peers.B) They doubt their own popularity.C) They were born psychologically weak.D) They focus too much attention on themselves.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanksyou can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and (36) ________ away in a file cabinet. It could remain there for years and, often (37) ________, never reach the outside world.Things have done a complete about-face since then. (38) ________ for the change has been the astonishingly (39) ________ development in recent years of the computer. Today, any data that is(40) ________ about us in one place or another — and for one reason or another — can be stored in a computer bank. It can then be easily passed to other computer banks. They are owned by (41) ________ and by private businesses and corporations, lending (42) ________, direct mailing and telemarketing firms, credit bureaus, credit card companies, and government (43) ________ at the local, state, and federal level.A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized date as a frightening invasion of their privacy. (44) ___________ _________________________________________________________ as the computer becomes increasingly efficient, easier to operate, and less costly to purchase and maintain. In 1970, a national survey showed that (45) ___________________________________________________ _________________. Seven years later, 47 percent expressed the same worry. (46) ____________ ________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the 47 risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get 48 benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week.Strength training is another important 49 of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and 50 bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, you will want to do strength training two or three days a week, 51 recovery daysbetween sessions.Finally, flexibility and balance training are 52 important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints, many of them are 53 , and simple flexibility training can 54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated(润滑 ). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, you’ll get an idea of how natural it is. The general 55 is simple: whenever the body has been in one position for a while, it is good to 56 stretch it in an opposite position.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Junk food is everywhere. We’re eating way too much of it. Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway.So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed?“Many policy measures to control obesity（肥胖症）assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers.“In contrast,” the researchers continue, “many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance — like food — of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.”The research references studies of people’s behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them: Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted（分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates ourdesire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores?Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing warning labels on the products.57. What does the author say about junk food?A) People should be educated not to eat too much.B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.D) It causes more harm than is generally realized.58. What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A) They should be implemented effectively.B) They provide misleading information.C) They are based on wrong assumptions.D) They help people make rational choices.59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations.B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.D) Easy access leads to customers’ over-consumption.60. What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight.61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health.C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adaptto the digital revolution.Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to “complacency(自满) ,” that explanation doesn’t acknow-ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film — and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision, the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business.It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate（企业的） culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their history has become a liability.Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace.62. What do we learn about Kodak?A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B) It is approaching its downfall.C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market.63. Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera?A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B) To show its effort to overcome complacency.C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo.64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.65. What does the author say Kodak’s history has become?A) A burden.B) A mirror.C) A joke.D) A challenge.66. What was Kodak’s fatal mistake?A) Its blind faith in traditional photography.B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence.C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Whether you think you need daytime rest or not, picking up a nap（午睡）habit is a smart, healthy move. The Mayo Clinic says naps 67 relaxation, better mood and alertness, and a sharper working 68 . A 2008 British study found that compared to getting more nighttime sleep, a mid-day nap was the best way to cope 69 the mid-afternoon sleepiness.According to the Harvard Health Letter, several studies have shown that people 70 new information better when they take a nap shortly after learning it. And, most 71 , a 2007 study of nearly 24,000 Greek adults in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that people who napped 72 had a 37 percent reduced risk of dying 73 heart disease compared to people who didn’t nap.Of course, napping isn’t 74 for everyone. If you’re suffering from inability to sleep, naps that are too long or taken too late in the day can 75 with your ability to fall or stay asleep at night.But for most, naps can make you feel sharper and happier. Naps provide different benefits 76 on how long they are. A 20-minute nap will boost alertness and concentration; a 90-minute snooze（小睡）can 77 creativity.According to prevention., you 78 a natural dip in body temperature 79 1 p.m. and 3 p.m. A short nap at this time can boost alertness 80 several hours and, for most people, shouldn’t 81 being able to fall asleep at night.Pick a dark, cozy place that’s not too warm or too chilly. prevention. 82 snapping on the couch instead of in bed, so you’re less 83 to snooze for too long.Surprisingly, the best place to take a nap may be a hammock（吊床）if you have one. A Swiss study 84 last year found that people fell asleep faster and had deeper sleep when they napped in a hammock than in a bed. That same rocking 85 that puts babies to sleep works 86 for grown-ups, too.67. A) enforce B) promote C) operate D) support。