新高考英语语法——虚拟语气精讲

新高考英语语法——虚拟语气精讲

第一部分：英语中的四大语气

1. 陈述语气：I like apples 我喜欢苹果。（肯定）

I don\\\\'t like apples我不喜欢苹果（否定）

2. 疑问语气：What\\\\'s your name？你叫什么名字？

Do you like apples? 你喜欢苹果？

3. 祈使语气：Open the door 打开门

4. 虚拟语气：If I were you, I would forgive her如果我是你，我将会原谅她。

第二部分：虚拟语气结构讲解（考试重点）

1，与现在的事实相反：

从句用过去式，主句用would/could/might/should/+动词原形

例如；If I had time ，the classroom would be so clean 如果我有时间，教室将会更加干净。

2，与过去的事实相反：

主句用would/could/should/might/+have+ done , 从句中过去完成时

例如；If I had finished my homework ，I would have passed that test

如果当时我完成了我的做，我就能够通过我的考试了。

3，与将来的事实相反：

主句用：should/could/would/might/+动词原形，从句用should do （可能性最大），过去式（可能性一般）were to do （可能性最小）

If it should snow tomorrow，I would make a snowman 如果明天下雪，明天我将堆一个雪人

If it snowed tomorrow，I would make a snowman 如果明天下雪，明天我将堆一个雪人

If it were to snow tomorrow ，I would make a snowman 如果明天下雪，我将堆一个雪人

虚拟语气的倒装形式

If I had worked hard ，I would have finished it 如果当时我努力工作，我就已经完成它了。

=Had I worked hard ，I would have finished it

If it should snow tomorrow ，I would make a snowman 如果明天下雪，我将会堆雪人

=Should it snow tomorrow ，I would make a snowman

If it were to snow tomorrow ，I would make a snowman

=Were it to snow tomorrow ，I would make a snowman

第三部分：虚拟语气在各类从句中的用法（所有考点）

一．在主语从句中，

用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是“(should) + 动词原形”，常用于下列三种句型中：

1. It is necessary (vital, important, natural, strange, wonderful, proper, right, good, wrong, impossible, etc.) + that -clause

e.g. It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.

2. It is a pity ( a shame, no wonder, your duty, etc.) + that-clause.

e.g. It is a great pity that he should be so careless.

3. It is suggested (ordered, proposed, requested, etc.) + that-clause.

e.g. It is requested that she should sing an English song.

在上述句型的主语从句中，should意为“应该”，“竟然”，可以省去，但不可换用would, 主句所用的时态不限。

二．在宾语从句中

1. 用于wish后的宾语从句中，表示未实行的活不可能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜”、“......就好了”、“悔不该......”，“但愿......”等。

A.构成形式

B.用法：

a. 与现在相反的愿望：

I wish I were ten years younger.

I wish I knew how to drive a car.

b. 与过去事实相反的愿望：

I wish I had gone to the football match last night.

I wish you had been here yesterday.

c. 与将来可能相反的愿望：

I wish the boys would be quiet.

He wishes you would go and visit him.

注：

1. hope + 宾语从句（陈述语气），表示的是可能实现的愿望，比较：

I hope it is true.

I wish it were true.

2. 用于command（命令），insist（坚持要），suggest（建议），propose（建议），order（命令）以及request（恳求），desire（希望）等之后的宾语从句中，表示“要求、请求、建议、命令等，其谓语形式是：“should + 动词原形”（should 可省，但不可换用would）。

e.g. I suggest that he (should) be sent to hospital as soon as possible.

常见动词：一坚持，二命令，四建议，九要求。即:

1.insist

2. order, command

4. advise, suggest, propose, recommend

9.ask,claim, demand, desire, decide, instruct, require, request, urge

三．在表语从句中，

表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是：suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等，从句谓语形式是（should可省，但不可换用would）。

His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the question.注：as if引导的从句也可作表语从句，as if从句用虚拟语气，如：

She felt as if she were going to die.

在It looks (seems, sounds) as if后的表语从句中，如果接近事实的可能性大，也可用陈述语气。It looks as if it is going to rain.

四．在同位语从句中，

在suggestion, proposal, order, idea等名词后面的同位语从句中，通常用(should) + 动词原形。