心一考研英语核心词汇精讲班配套讲义完整版
考研英语核心词汇-0511-Max-课后讲义
核心词汇（8）2018. 05. 11recklessly [ˈrekləsli] adv. 鲁莽地；不顾后果地He was driving recklessly and lost control.他鲁莽驾驶，失去了控制。
拓展：reckless adj.reckon [ˈrekən] v. 估计；计算；认为I reckon we'll go next week.我想我们下星期会去。
informed [ɪnˈfɔːrmd] adj. 见多识广的；消息灵通的Informed people know the company is shaky.了解情况的人知道该公司状况不佳。
拓展：knowledgeable [ˈnɒlɪdʒəbl] adj. 知识渊博的，有见识的learned [ˈlɜːrnɪd] adj. 博学的；有学问的endure [ɪnˈdʊr] v. 持久；忍耐They could endure much pain.他们能忍受很多痛苦。
拓展：tolerate / abideendurance [ɪnˈdʊrəns] n. 忍耐力；持久；耐久duration [duˈreɪʃn] n. 持续；持续，持久dedicate [ˈdedɪkeɪt] v. 致力于They dedicated themselves to helping the poor.他们致力于帮助穷人。
拓展：dedicate to 献身；把（时间、精力等）用于devote tocommit tocomply [kəmˈplaɪ] v. 一致，遵守comply with 遵守，照做They are expected to be obedient and comply with requests from the boss immediately.他们被要求服从并立即遵从老板的要求。
comply with environmental regulations遵守环保规定拓展：consist with 符合；与……一致conform to 符合；遵照tough [tʌf] adj. 强硬的；困难的When the going gets tough, the tough get going.艰难之路，唯勇者前行。
考研英语核心词汇(整理版)
displaceme nt n.移置,转移,取代,置换,位移,排水量dramatic adj.戏剧性的，生动的eve ntually adv .最后,终于exhibit vt.展出，陈列n.展览品，陈列品，展品v.展示exploitation n.开发，开采，剥削，自私的利用，宣传，广告fluctuati ons n.波动,起伏highlighted adj.突出的implicit adj.暗示的，盲从的，含蓄的，固有的，不怀疑的，绝对的in duced vt.劝诱，促使，导致，弓I起,感应in evitably adv .不可避免infrastructure n.下部构造，基础下部组织in specti on n.检查,视察in te nsity n.强烈，剧烈，强度，亮度mani pulati on n.处理,操作, 操纵offset n.抵销，弥补，分支,vt.弥补，抵销，用平版印刷vi.偏移，形成分支paragraph n.（文章）段，节，段落plus prep.加上adj.正的,力口的practitioners n.从业者,开业者predominantly adv.卓越的，支配的，主要的，突出的，有影响的prospect n.景色，前景，前途，期望vi.寻找，勘探radical adj.根本的，基本的，激进的n.激进分子random n.随意，任意adj.任意的，随便的，胡乱的adv.胡乱地reinforce vt.加强，增援，补充，增加…的数量，修补，加固n.加固物restore vt.恢复，使回复，归还，交还，修复，重建revision n.修订，修改，修正，修订本schedule n时间表，进度表v.确定时间tension n.紧张（状态）,不安，拉紧，压力，张力，vt.拉紧，使紧张termination n.终止thereby adv.因此，从而，在那方面，在那附近uniform adj.统一的，相同的，一致的,；n.制服vt.使成一样，使穿制服vehicle n.交通工具，车辆，媒介物，传达手段via prep.经,通过,经由virtually adv.事实上，实质上widespread adj.分布广泛的，普遍的visual adj.看的，视觉的，形象的，栩栩如生的analogous adj类似的，相似的，可比拟的anticipate vt.预期，期望，过早使用，先人一着，占先v.预订，预见，可以预料assura nee n确信,断言,保证,担保attain vt.达到，获得v.达到behalf n.为，利益bulk n.大小，体积，大批，大多数，散装vt.显得大，显得重要ceases v停止, 终了，n.停止cohere nee n. 一致coi ncide vi.—致,符合concurrent n同时发生的事件adj.并发的，协作的，一致的confined adj.被限制的，狭窄的，分娩的con troversy n.论战，争论，辩论conversely adv倒的，逆的device n装置，设计，图案策略，发明物,设备；【计】安装设备驱动程序devote v.投身于，献身于dimi nish v.（使）减少，（使）变小distorted adj.扭曲的，受到曲解的duration n.持续时间，为期erosi on n.腐蚀，浸蚀ethical adj.与伦理有关的，民族的，民族特有的foun ded v.建立，创立in here nt adj.固有的，内在的，与生俱来的in sight n.洞察力，见识integral adj.完整的，整体的，【数学】积分的mature adj.成熟的到期的，充分考虑的，（票据等）到期的vt.使成熟vi.成熟到期mediation n.仲裁，调解调停advocate n.提倡者，鼓吹者vt.提倡，鼓吹channel n•海峡，水道，沟，路线vt.引导，开导，形成河道；信道频道classical adj古典的，正统派的，古典文学的con firmed adj.证实的，惯常的，慢性的contrary adj.相反的,逆的,decades n.十年,十definite adj.明确的，一定的de ny v.否认，拒绝differentiation n.区另Udisposal n处理，处置，布置，安排，配置，支配empirical adj.完全根据经验的，经验主义的，【化】实验式equipment n.装备，设备，器材，装置，铁道车辆，才能extract n.精，汁，榨出物，摘录，选粹vt.拔出，榨取，开方，求根，摘录，析取,吸取foun dation n.基础，根本，建立，创立，地基，基金，基金会guarantee n.保证，保证书，担保，抵押品vt.保证，担保hierarchical adj.分等级的identical adj.同一的，同样的inno vati on n.改革,仓U新insert vt.插入，嵌入n.插入物intervention n.干涉isolated adj.隔离的，孤立的，单独media n.媒体phe nomenon n.现象priority n.先，前，优先，优先权prohibited v.禁止，严禁publication n.出版物，出版，发行，公布，发表release n释放，让渡，豁免,vt.释放，解放，放弃，发表n.版本，发布reverse n相反，背面，反面，倒退adj.相反的，倒转的，颠倒的vt.颠倒，倒转simulation n.仿真，假装模拟solely adv.独自地,单独地somewhat adv.稍微，有点，有些submitted v.使服从，使顺从提交successive ad继承的，连续的survive v.幸免于，幸存,生还thesis n.论题,论文transmission n.播送，发射，传动，传送，传输，转播ultimately adv.最后，终于，根本，基本上unique adj.唯一的，独特的visible adj.看得见的，明显的，显著的n.可见物voluntary adj.自动的，自愿的，主动的，故意的，非官办的，志愿的，自发的abandon vt.放弃,遗弃n.放任,狂热ambiguous adj.暧昧的，不明确的appreciation n.感谢,感激，正确评价，欣赏，增值arbitrable adj.可仲裁的automatically adv.自动地，机械地bias n偏见，偏爱，斜线vt.使存偏见chart n.海图，图表vt.制图clarity n.清楚，透明conformity n. 一致,符合con temporary n.同时代的人adj.当代的，同时代的con tradicti on n.反驳,矛盾crucial adj.至关紧要的curre ncy n.流通，通货denote vt.指示, 表示detected vt.察觉，发觉，侦查，探测v.发现deviation n.背离，异端分子medium n.媒体，方法，媒介adj.中间的冲等的military adj.军事的，军用的minimal adj.最小的，最小限度的mutual adj.相互的，互相的porti on n. —部分relaxed adj.松懈的，放松的，不严格的prelim in ary n.预备的，初步的restrai nt n.抑制，控制image n.图像，肖像，映象，比喻vt.想象，反映，象征liberal adj.慷慨的，不拘泥的，宽大的lice nee n.执照,许可证,许可vt.认可，特许，发给执照logic n.逻辑，逻辑学,逻辑性marginal adj.页边的，边缘的mental adj.精神的，智力的modified v.?改良，改进，修正monitor n.监控，监视v.监视，监控notion n.概念想法观念，意见objective n.目标，目的adj.客观的orientation n.方向,方位,定位,向东方perspective n.透视画法,透视图，前景，远景，观点，看法观察precise adj.精确的，准确的n.精确prime n.最初，青春，精华adj.主要的，最好的根本的v.预先准备好psychology n.心理学，心理状态pursue n.追赶，追踪，从事，继续rejected n.被弃之物，落选者vt.拒绝，抵制，驳回revenue n.收入，国家税收stability n.稳定性styles n风格，时尚，问题,风度，类型substitution n.代替，取代作用，置换sustainable adj可以支撑得起的，养得起的symbolic adj.象征的，符号的target n.目标，对象，靶子tran siti on n.转换，转变,过渡trend n.倾向,趋势v.伸向，通向version n.译文，译本，翻译whereas conj.然而，反之，鉴于，尽管，但是accurate adj.正确的，精确的ack no wledged vt.承认,答谢报偿allocation n.分配,安置assig ned n分配,指派attached v.缚上，贴上，系上bond n.结合物，连接，公债，债券，合同capable adj有能力的，能干的，可以••的cited v.引用，引证，提名表扬cooperative adj.合作的，协力的discrimination n.辨别，区别，辨别力，歧视display v陈列，展览，显示n.陈列展览显示diversity n.差异,多样性doma in n.领土，领地，范畴，领域edition n.版本，版enhance v提高，增强estate n.状态,不动产，时期，阶层exceed v超越，胜过其他expert n.专家行家.adj.老练的，内行的explicit adj.外在的，清楚的,直率的federal n.联邦的，联盟的，联合的fee n.费，酬金flexibility n.弹性，适应性，机动性，挠性furthermore adj.此外，而且ignore vt.不理睬，忽视；【律】（因证据不足而驳回）诉讼incentive n.动机adj.激励的incorporated adj.合并的，结社的，一体化的vt.合并，使组成公司，inhibition n.禁止，阻止，禁止，抑制in itiative n.主动instruction n.指示，用法说明（书）,教育，指导，指令neutral n.中立者，中立国，非彩色，齿轮的空档adj.中立的，中立国的，中性nevertheless conj.然而,不过adv.仍然,不过preceding adj.在前的,前述的presumptio n n.假定rational adj.理性的，合理的，推理的n.【数】有理数scope n.（活动）范围，机会,余地subsidiary adj.辅助的，补充的transformation n.变化,转化,改适,改革,转换transport n.传送器，运输，运输机，激动，流放犯，狂喜vt.传送，运输，流放, 放逐underlying adj.在下面的，根本的，潜在的，【商】优先的adaptation n.适应，改编，改写本adult n.成人，成年人adj.成人的，成熟的benefit n.利益，好处;vt.有益于，有助于vi.受益consistent adj.调和的，坚固的（常与with连用）与••一致的con text n. 上下文，文章的前后关系con tract n.合同，契约，婚约v.使缩短，感染，订约create vt.创造，创作，引起，造成data n.【计】资料，数据definition n.定义,解军说derived vt.得自vi.起源con strai nts n.约束，强制，拘束contribution n. 捐献，贡献，投稿convention大会，协定，习俗，惯例coord in ati on n.同等,调禾口, 配合corresponding adj.相应的，通讯的criteria n.标准deduction n.减除，扣除，演绎，推导dem on strate vi.示范,证明vt.示威emphasis n强调，重点en sure v.确保,保证;保证得到excluded vt.排除在外拒绝接纳immigration n.外来移民，移居入境implies v.暗示,意味着initial adj.最初的，词首的，初始的;n.词首字母in sta nee n.实例，建议，要求，场合in teracti on n.相互作用justificati on n.辩护，释罪layer n.层阶层minorities n.少数，少数民族沬成年negative n.否定adj.否定的消极的v.否定，拒绝接受partnership n.合伙，合伙企业，合伙契约physical adj身体的，物理的，自然的,物质的proportion n.比例，均衡，面积部分vt.使成比例，使均摊published v.出版，刊印，发表reacti on n.反应,反作用registered adj.已登记的，已注册的，记名的relia nee n.信任，信心，依靠的人或物scheme n.安排，配置，方案v.计划，设计周谋seque nee n次序，顺序,序列挨次specified v指定,详细说明，列入清单suffieient adj.充分的，足够的technical adj.技巧的，技术的project n.计划，方案，事业，企业，工程v.设计，计划，发射（导弹等）,凸出promote vt.促进，发扬，提升，提拔，晋升为retai n vt.保持，保留series n连续，系列，丛书，级数status n.身份，地位，情形，状况stress n重压，逼迫，压力，重点，着重，强调，重音vt.着重，强调，重读subsequent adj后来的，并发的sum n.总数，和，金额，算术题undertaken vbl. undertake 的过去分词academic adj学院的，理论的adjustme nt n.调整,调节,调节器ame ndme nt n.改善,改正aware adj.知道的，明白的，意识到的capacity n容量，生产量，容量，智能，才能，能力，接受力challenge n挑战vt.向..挑战clause n子句，条款con flict n.斗争，冲突,vi.抵触，冲突con sultati on n.请教，咨询，磋商，会诊con tact n.接触，联系vt.接触，联系decline vi.下倾，下降，下垂v.婉拒，衰落n.下倾，下降，下垂draft n.草稿，草案，草图v.草拟，起草en able vt.使能够，給予权利或方法energy n.精力,精神，活力en forceme nt n.执行，强制equivale nt adj.相等的，相当的n.等价物，相当物evolutio n n.进展，演变，进化exposure n暴露，揭露，揭发位置方向，陈列facilitate vt.使••容易，使••便利，推动fun dame ntal adj基础的，基本的n.基本原则，基础原理gen erated vt.产生，发生distribution n.分配，分发，配给物，销售，区分，分类，发送，发行economic adj.经济（上）的,产供销的，经济学的environmental adj.周围的，环境的evidenee n.明显，显著，明白，迹象，根据，【物】证据，证物factors n.因素，要素，因数financial a.财政的金融的formula n.公式,客套语function n.功能,作用,典礼,仪式；v.起作用，运行identified被识别的，被认可的in dividual n.个人，个体；adj.个别的，单独的，个人的interpretation n.解释，阐明，口译，通译involved adj.棘手的，有关的issues n出版，发行,（报刊等）期、号，论点，问题，结果,vi.发行，流出，【律】后嗣labour n.劳动，劳力，劳工，努力，分娩，工作;v.劳动，苦干，费力地前进legal adj.法律的，法定的，合法的major n.［美］【教】主修课，【律】成年人adj.主修的，成年的，大调的;vi.主修prin ciple n.法则，原则，原理procedure n.程序,手续required adj.必需的response n.回答,响应,反应sector n.部分，部门;v.使分成部分，把..分成扇形significant adj.有意义的，重大的，重要的similar adj.相似的，类似的specific n.特效药，细节adj.详细而精确的，明确的，特殊的，效的；structure n.结构，构造，建筑物vt•建筑，构成，组织theory n.理论，学说，…论，原理，意见，推测variables n.【数】变数，可变物，变量;adj.可变的，不定的，易变的，【数】变量的achieve vt.完成,达至Uacquisition n.获得，获得物administration n.管理，经营，行政部门affect vt.影响，感动，侵袭，假装appropriate adj.适当的vt.占用，据为己有；盗用，挪用aspect n样子，外表，面貌，（问题等的）方面assistanee n协助，援助，补助con clusi on n.结束,缔结,结论con duct n.行为，操行v.引导，管理，为人，传导consequences n结果，【逻】推理，推论，因果关系，重要的地位credit n.信任，信用，声望，荣誉，【财务】贷方，银行存款;vt.相信，信任，把... 归给cultural adj.文化的distinction n.区别，差别，级别，特性，声望，显赫evaluation n.估价，评价，赋值features n.面貌的一部分（眼，口,鼻等）特征，vt.是…的特色，特写，放映vi.起重要作用final n.结局，决赛，期末考试，adj.最后的，最终的，决定性的focus n.（兴趣活动等的）中心，焦点，焦距,vi.聚焦，注视;,定焦点，调焦，集中impact n.碰撞，冲击，冲突，影响，效果；vt.挤入，撞击，压紧，对…发生影响institute n.学会，学院，协会；vt.创立，开始，制定，开始（调查）,提起（诉讼）告某人maintenance n.维护，保持，生活费用，扶养normal n.正规，常态，adj.正常的，正规的，标准的obta ined v.获得participation n.分享,参与perceived vt.察觉v.感知，感到，认识到positive adj.肯定的，实际的，积极的，绝对的，确实的potential adj.潜在的，可能的，n.潜能，潜力previous adj.在前的,早先的adv.在…以前region n.区域，地方，（艺术科学等的）领域,（大气，海水等的）层regulatio ns n.规则，规章，调节，校准releva nt adj.有关的，相应的reside nt n.居民adj.居住的，常驻的restricted adj.受限制的，有限的security n.安全（感）确信；安心保护保护物（against; from）【常用复】证券，债券survey n.测量，调查，俯瞰，概观，纵览，视察text n.正文，原文，课文，课本transfer n.迁移，移动，传递，转移，调任，vt.转移，调转，调任，传递, alternative n.二中择一，可供选择的办法，事物adj.选择性的，二中择一的circumsta nces n环境,详情,境况con siderable adj相当大的，可观的，值得考虑的revolutio n n.革命，旋转route n.路线，路程，通道v.发送subord in ate adj.次要的，从属的n.下属v.服从suppleme ntary n.附属,附属物suspend v.吊，悬挂延缓trigger v.引发，触发n.扳机un ified adj统一的，一元化的violation n违反，违背，强奸adjace nt adj.相邻的，临近的assembly n.集合，集会colleague n.同事con ceived vt.构思，以为，持有;vi怀孕考虑,设想convineed adj.确信的深信的;v.说服inclination n.倾斜弯曲，爱好integrity n.完全，正直，诚实in tri nsic adj.固有的，内在的likewise adv.同样的，又n.同样nonetheless adv.虽然如此，但是panel n.面板，嵌板，仪表板，座谈小组，全体陪审员vt.嵌镶板persiste nt adj.持久稳固的pose n.姿势，姿态v.（使…）摆好姿势，形成，引起，造成；vi.摆姿势，矫揉造作reluctant adj.不顾的，勉强的，难得到的，难处理straightforward adj.正直的，坦率的，简单的，易懂的，直接了当的adv坦率地un dergo vt.经历,遭受,忍受whereby adv.凭什么,为何an alysis分析，分解，解剖approach接近，靠近assessme nt评估，估算，评价assume假定，设想，担任；承担；接受available可用到的，可利用的，有用的，有空的，接受探访的constant adj.不变的，持续的，坚决的apparent adj.显然的，外观上的approximated adj.近似的，大约的v.近似，接近，接近，约计attributed vt.把…归因于（to）.. n.属性，品质，特征，加于，归结于co nee ntratio n n.集中，集合，专心，浓缩，浓度conference n.会议,讨论会,协商会contrast vt.使与…对比，使与…对照vi.和…形成对照n.对比，对照，（对照中的）despite prep .不管,尽管,不论dime nsion n.尺寸，尺度,维（数）,度（数）,元domestic adj.家庭的，国内的，与人共处的，驯服的emerged vi.显现，浮现，暴露，形成，（由某种状态）脱出，（事实）显现出来hence adv因此，从此hypothesis n.假设，【逻】前提implementation n. 执行,履行;落实implicati on n.牵连,含意,暗示，含蓄impose vt.征税，强加vi.利用欺骗in tegrati on n.综合，集合，集中internal adj.国内的，内在地inv estigati on n.调查研究obvious adj.明显的，显而易见的occupation n.职业，占有，占有期间option n.选项，选择权，【经】买卖的特权predict v.预言，预报，预报principal n.负责人，首长，主犯，校长adj.首要的，主要的professional n.自由职业者，专业人员，职业运动员，adj.专业的，职业的21 / 19format n.开本,版式，形式，格式vt.安排…的格局（或规格）,【计】格式化（磁盘）佃/ 19。
考研英语必考核心词汇详解instinct
考研英语必考核心词汇详解1. instinct n.本能,直觉,天性真题搭配：by instinct：出于本能2. manner n.方式;举止,礼貌;规矩真题搭配：in the manner of: 以…的方式3. amid prep.在…中间，在…之中，被…围绕近义：among4. peak n.山顶,最高点a.高峰的,最高的写作搭配：reach the peak: 达到峰值5. package n.包装,包裹,成套设备真题搭配：a package deal: 一揽子交易6. manipulate vt.(熟练地)使用，操作解析：mani(手)+pul(pull)+ate --- 用手去拉7. manipulation n 操纵，操作8. scrutiny n.仔细审查；仔细看引申：scrutinize: v 审查9. command n./v.命令，指挥，控制；掌握解析: com（全部）+mand（hand手；交付）---全部交付别人10. hitherto adv.到目前为止,迄今近义：so far: 迄今为止1. regarding prep.关于,有关近义: with regard to = regarding= as to = about2. regardless ad.不管…的,不顾…的,不注意的真题搭配：regardless of: 不管，不顾3. secure a 安全的,放心的v. 确保，得到真题搭配：a desire to secure a better life for all确保所有人有更好生活的愿望4. commerce n.商业，贸易解析：com(together)+merce(trade)---大家在一起交易5. commercial a.商业的；商务的真题搭配：commercial promotion: 商业促销6. agony n.(精神或肉体的)极大痛苦，创伤真题例句：Modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.现代医学已经延长了死亡时身体的极大痛苦。
考研英语必考核心词汇详解complement
考研英语必考核心词汇详解1. complement n/v.补充，互补来源：complete: v 完成；adj完整的引申：complementary: adj补充的2. compensate v.补偿,赔偿真题搭配：compensate for: 补偿3. compensation n.补偿，赔偿；薪酬真题搭配：compensation committee：薪酬委员会4. aggressive a.侵略的，好斗的，有进取心的解析：ag(强调)+gress(走)+ive--- 强调走真题搭配：aggressive treatment：激进的治疗手段5. cling v. 粘住;依附;坚持真题搭配：cling to = stick to: 坚持6. summit n.顶，最高点；颠峰，高峰近义词：peak7. clarify v.澄清,阐明解析：clar(clear)+ify(动词尾缀)8. ancient a.古代的，古老的真题搭配：in ancient times：在古代9. complicated a.错综复杂的,麻烦的,难解来源：complicate: v 使复杂化近义词：complex: adj 复杂的10. compel v.强迫,迫使真题搭配：compel sb to do : 迫使某人做引申：compelling: adj 令人信服的1. complain v.抱怨;投诉真题搭配：complain about: 抱怨2. complaint n.抱怨，怨言；投诉3. aggravate vt.加重(剧),使恶化解析：ag(强调)+grav(重—gravity: n 重力)+ate---强调重引申：aggravation: n 恶化，加重4. coalition n. 同盟；结合搭配：coalition government: 联合政府5. subsequent a.随后的,后来的解析：sub(下面)+sequ(序列)+ent --- 序列后面6. clash v./n.碰撞真题搭配：clash of world views：世界观的碰撞7. adolescent n.青少年a.青春期的，青少年的近义：teenagers and youngsters: 青少年8. insurance n.保险,保险费,保险业真题搭配：unemployment and disability insurance：失业和伤残保险9. manage v.经营,管理,处理;设法,对付;操纵真题搭配：manage to do: 设法做引申：management: n 管理10. address n.住址；v.解决; 说话，发言真题例句：This practice does not address the real worry. 这个做法并没有解决真正的担忧。
考研英语核心词汇详解personality
考研英语核心词汇详解1. personality /ˌpə:sə'næləti/n.人格,个性真题搭配：personality disorder: 人格障碍2. character /'kærəktə/n.性格,品质;人物,角色;字符,(汉)字真题搭配：Chinese character: 汉字moral character: 道德品质3. characteristic /ˌkærəktə'ristik/ a. 特有的,独特的n.特征,特性4. characterize (characterise) /'kærəktəraiz/ v.表示…的特性;描述…特性真题搭配：be characterized by: 以…为特征5. corrupt /kə'rʌpt/ a.腐败的,贪污的解析：cor(core内部)+rupt(break)—从内部断了引申：corruption: n 贪污，腐败6. abrupt /ə'brʌpt/ a.突然的，意外的；(行为等)粗鲁无礼的解析：ab(背离，离去)+rupt(break)--- 离开断掉7. colleague /'kɔli:g/ n.同事,同僚8. college /ˈkɑːlɪdʒ/ n 学院，大学9. university /ˌju:ni'və:səti/ n 大学10. universe /'ju:nivə:s/ n.宇宙,万物解析：uni(单一，统一)+verse(旋转)—万物转成一体引申：universal: adj 普遍的，全体的；n普遍情形1. judge /dʒʌdʒ/ v.审判;评论,裁判；n.法官2. justice /'dʒʌstis/ n.公正,公平;法官辨析：Justice: n（大）法官；judge: n（地方）法官3. judgement /'dʒʌdʒmənt/ n. 审判,判决;判断(力);看法,意见4. verdict /'və:dikt/ n.裁决,判决；判断；定论辨析：judgement为法官做出的判决，verdict 为陪审团做出的判决5. jury /'dʒuəri/ n.陪审团;全体评审员6. justify /'dʒʌstifai/v.证明...正当(或有理、正确)，为...辩护引申：justification: n 公正；辩解，辩护7. skeptical /'skeptikəl/ a.怀疑的真题搭配：be skeptical of sth: 怀疑某事8. combine /kəm'bain/v.联合；结合；兼并解析：com(together)+bine(bind捆，绑)---全都捆到一起了真题搭配: combine A with(and)B;A, combined with B9. combination /ˌkɔmbi'neiʃən/ n.结合，联合；兼并真题搭配：in combination with: 和…一起10. obey /əu'bei/ v.服从, 顺从1. eligible /'elidʒəbl/ a.符合条件的; 有资格的解析：e(出来)+lig（选择）+ible（能够）---能够选出来的真题例句：It was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. （2010 Text 4 英语二）直到20世纪40年代，大多数州才让女性有资格担任陪审员。
考研英语分级词汇记忆宝典-核心词汇部分
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胡小平考研英语词汇突破班讲义
考研英语词汇专项讲义I. V ocabulary Usage Analysis:例11) Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such b ehaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well. [05]21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by[A] posing a contrast.[B] justifying an assumption.[C] making a comparison.[D] explaining a phenomenon.2) 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity. [98]45. [A] On [B] With [C] For [D] By46. [A] broadly [B] thoroughly [C] generally [D] completely3) … This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38, they can help studentsacquire a sense of commitment.[A] On the contrary [B] On the average[C] On the whole [D] On the other hand4) A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developing world’s workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints o n improving productivity explain why education isn’t developing more quickly there than it is. [09-T4]35. According to the last paragraph, development of education[A] results directly from competitive environments.[B] does not depend on economic performance.[C] follows improved productivity.[D] cannot afford political changes.例2In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product they're looking for.55. W e learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business[A] has been striving to expand its market[B] intended to follow a fanciful fashion[C] tried but in vain to control the market[D] has been booming for one year or so例3But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story. Basic computer skills take—at the very longest—a couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.62. According to the author, basic computer skills should be[A] included as an auxiliary course in school[B] highlighted in acquisition of professional qualifications[C] mastered through a life-long course[D] equally emphasized by any school, vocational or otherwise例4Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring; burdensome, or just plain nasty. That compulsion has resulted in robotics the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close.As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.46. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in[A] the use of machines to produce science fiction.[B] the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.[C] the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.[D] the elite's cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work.例5In1950, the U.S. spent $12.7 billion on health care. In 2002, the cost will be $1,540 billion. Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age—say 83 or so. Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and inf irm “have a duty to die and get out of the way”, so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.I would not go that far. Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53.Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C. Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s.These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have.58. The author's attitude to ward Richard Lamm's remark is one of[A] strong disapproval. [B] reserved consent.[C] slight contempt. [D] enthusiastic support.例6It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group's on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess:“We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn't just something that happened in Australia. It's world history.”The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally III law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.From the second paragraph we learn that[A] the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries.[B] physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia.[C] changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law.[D] it takes time to realize the significance of the law's passage.II. V ocabulary Exercises:1.1) At first, the ______ of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.[A] transaction [B] transmission [C] transformation [D] transition2) …inaccurate or indefinite words may make it difficult for the listener to understand the 8_which is being transmitted to him.[A] speech [B] sense [C] message [D] meaning3) The parcel you post must be well packed. Inadequate packing can mean delay, damage or loss[A] [B] [C]at your expenses.[D]2.1) Emma said in her letter that she would appreciate ______ (hear) from you soon.2) I appreciated ______ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.[A] having been given [B] having given [C] to have been given [D] to have given3) As I’ll be away for at least a year, I’d appreciate _____ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.[A] hearing [B] to hear [C] to be hearing [D] having heard ……….. 略胡小平浙江大学外国语言文化与国际交流学院(SIS)E-mail: shopin@版权所有严禁翻印。
考研英语必备词汇(超有用)——经典的3147核心词汇
Unit Onevote v. /n. 投票debate v. /n. 辩论，争论authority n. 政府；权威专家，权威（人士）occupation authorities 占领当局be authorized to do 得到授权be entitled to (do) sth. 被赋予做…的权利，有做…的权利incurably ill patients 晚期患者terminally ill 晚期的，终期的convince v. 坚信，相信；令人信服word n. 消息flash v./n. 闪现，，闪动，出现executive a.执行的n.执行官chief executive 首席执行官the right to… （有）做…的权利have rights doing sth. 有权做某事society n. 协会，社团academic ~ 学术社团specific society 具体的、特定的社团community n. …界, 团体；社会，社区legal community 法律界scientific community 科学界religious community 宗教团体health research community 医疗研究团体via prep. 经由，通过post v. 张贴，发布；（在网上）发帖bulletin n. 公告，报告import n. 重要性，重要意义；进口implications n. 含义，意义；暗示，启示imply v. 暗示，推论出；蕴含着…implicit a. 不言明(含蓄)的explicit a. 表达明确地，明白的sink in 被了解alike adj. 类似的，同类的deal with 安排，处理，思考breathe sighs of relief 轻松地出了一口气association n. 协会associate… with… 把…和…联系起来bitterly adv. 尖酸刻薄地，厉害地bill n. 法案，法律；账单passage n. 通过；经过；道路，通道tide n. 潮流，趋势likely adj/adv. 很有可能，可能的= possiblebe likely to 常常，很有可能unlikely adj. 不可能= impossibleaging population 老龄化的人口extend v. 延长，延伸，推广life-extending technology 延长寿命的技术extended family 三代以上同堂的家庭模式be extended indefinitely 无限期延长get on with 继续做have something to do with… 与…有关have much to do with 与…很有关系observer n. 观察者，旁观者observe v. 观察，注意；评论observation观察（报告）,观察（结论）;评论make observations 做评论domino（es）多米诺效应（~ effect）request v. 请求，要求deadly adj. 致命的dreadful adj. 可怕的；极大的inject v. 注射，注入pill n. 药丸suffering n. 痛苦，受罪suffer v. 遭受diagnose v. 诊断cool off 平静下来，变凉certificate n. 证明（书、证等）haunting a.常浮现于脑海中的，不易忘怀的terrifying a. 可怕的，令人害怕的spiritual a. 精神上的fight for 努力…，为…而努力claw v. 抓（scratch）mask n. 面具object to 反对objection toobjectionable 引起反对的，讨厌的objective adj. 客观的objectivity n. 客观性impartial adj. 公正，客观share the same view on 对…持相同观点be responsible for 对…负责（表示原因）significance n. 重要性，意义calm a . 平静的，镇静的intense a.强烈的，剧烈的（~ fear 非常担心）characteristic n.（~s）特点，特色a. 特有的be characteristic of 特点是= be typical ofbe characterized by 特点是，以…为特点experience v./n.经历（= undergo=go through）shared experience 共同的经历、经验perish v. 死亡，变腐败in peril 处在危险中approve v. 赞同（approval）disapproval n.反对indifferent a.漠不关心的,冷漠的（indifference）carefree adj. 不关心的，冷漠的suspect v. 怀疑，不信suspicion n. 怀疑，猜疑，不信be suspicious of 表示怀疑subjective adj. 主观的biased adj. 有偏见的（= prejudiced）prejudice n./v. （持有）偏见= biaspuzzling adj. 令人困惑的puzzle v. 困惑word ~ 填字游戏puzzlement n.困惑,不明白的地方=confusion confused adj.困惑的confusing adj.令人不解的confuse v. 茫然，困惑；混淆confusion n. 困惑，混淆optimistic adj. 乐观的optimism n. 乐观（精神）pessimistic adj. 悲观的pessimism n. 悲观（精神）reserve v. 预留，保留；储备（金）reserved adj. 有保留的reserve space 保留位置，空间consent v. 同意slight adj. 轻微的enthusiastic adj.热情的enthusiast n. 热衷者，狂热分子gloomy adj. 前途暗淡的gloom n. 昏暗；暗淡doom n. 末日，宿命gloom and ~ 悲伤沮丧scary adj.令人害怕的,可怕的scar n. 伤疤scared adj. 感到害怕的Unit Twoconsistent a. 一直的，一贯的，始终如一的courteous a. 谦恭有礼的court n. 法庭，法院，足球场frequently adv. 经常，频繁地（反义词rarely）small-minded a. 小心眼儿的ill-mannered a. 态度恶劣的，粗鲁的deserve v. 应该有，应该受到；值得comment on （做）评论otherwise adv./adj. 原本，本来dull a. 无趣的，无聊的（dullness）existence n. 存在；生存状态, 生活（life）typically ad. 通常，一般地（= generally）distant a. 远的，距离远的source n. 来源，本源；根源，原因=origin diversion n. 娱乐；转移diverse adj. 不同的，多种多样的diversity n. 多样化program n. 项目；程序= projectharsh a. 残酷的；严厉、苛刻的（harshness）harsh realities残酷现实frontier n. 边境，前方shape v. 塑造，形成；外形，体形reshape v. 重塑hospitality n. 友好，好客（~ to sb.）injure v. 伤害（injury）turn to 诉诸，求助于，寻求…的帮助= resort to lodge n. 乡间小屋，旅社v. 借宿，临时住cabin n. 小屋settlement n. 住所shelter n. 藏身处，避难处v. 保护，庇护residence n. 住处，住宅；居住dwelling n. 住所，处所dwell v. 住，居住mere（ly）adj./adv. 仅仅，不过，只（= only）charitable a. 仁慈的，慈善的impulse n. 冲动；推动，动力on the part of…从…的角度（on my part在我看来）reflect v. 反映，表现（= mirror）；反省，反思（~ on）reflection n. weary a.疲倦的，筋疲力尽的（=exhausted）tourist trails 旅游线路pretty ad.相当地（~ soon非常一小会儿）pretty = fairly = ratherproper a.适当正确的，完全彻底的（properly）casual a. 不经意的，偶然的，临时的casualness n. 随便，随意，非正式interpret v. 阐释，说明interpret as 理解为，解释为artificial a. 假的，人造的；矫揉造作的historically developed历史形成(发展而来)的developed society 发达国家emerging countries 新兴国家As is true of…正如…一样complex a.复杂的,综合的n. 大型建筑（群）complicated a. 结构复杂的a set of 一整套的signal n. 信号sign n. 迹象，征兆；符号assume v.（没有根据地）认为，假定；承担assumption n. 假设，假定，设想，认为not necessarily 未必underlie v.形成了，构成了(…的基础)；强调fail v. 失败fail to 不能，未能translate v. 转化；理解more than 不仅仅是，远远胜过brief a.短暂的，简短的in brief 简而言之brief n. 概要，简短情况介绍encounter v./n. 相遇，遇到distinguish between 区分，区别value…highly 非常珍视be interralated 相互联系exercise v.行使,使产生~ an influence over…manifest v. 体现，显现（~ oneself）~ation manifesto n. 宣言，声明exclusive adj.独一的（exclusive use单独使用）equal v. 等于，相当于entertain v. 招待，款待(=treat)；使娱乐out of 出于…out of charitable impulse出于慈善的冲动flavor n. 风味keep up 维持，持续（传统，习惯等）keep up with 跟上，追上keep doing 一直，持续做某事Unit Threesubstance n. 物质other than 除了（…之外）rather than 而不是technically a. 技术上，学术上technical progress 技术进步professional progress 职业发展alter v. 改变mental a. 精神的drug n. 药品term n. 术语，专用名词v. 把…叫做/称为human term 普通人可以理解的说法refer to 指…，指的是；谈到，提及chemical n. 化学药品，化学制品addict n. 沉迷…的人v.（~ to）沉迷于addiction n. （to）上瘾，沉迷familiar a . 熟悉的alcohol 白酒，酒精tobacco n. 烟草neutral a. 中性的psychologist n. 心理医生，心理学家psychoactive作用于精神的,影响(改变)心理状态的abuse v./n 滥用;虐待patient abuse虐待病人make clear 解释，说明misuse v. 误用，用错；使用…不当heroin n. 海洛因cocaine n. 可卡因pervasive a. 广泛的（= widespread）aspirin n. 阿司匹林quiet v. 使安静；平息下来sociable a. 社交的，增进友谊的nerve n. 神经；勇气，胆量apparent a. 显然的，明显的= obvious apparently adv. 显然，明显地constructive a. 建设性的negative effects a. 副作用，消极作用impact n.深刻影响,冲击have significant ~ on poison v 中毒，投毒(~ous 有毒的) perceptual v. 知觉的，感觉的perception n. 知觉，感觉perceive v. 观察，感知distort v. 扭曲，歪曲（~ion）repeated use 反复使用，再三使用repeated adj. 再三的，反复的，重复性的lead to 导致，造成（= result in =cause）substance dependence 物质（药物）依赖be dependent on /upon 依赖于independent a. 独立的be ~ of不受…的限制independence n. 独立be marked by 以…为明显特征tolerance n. 容忍，承受（tolerate v. ）be tolerant of 容忍tolerate v. 忍受，容忍desire n./v.期望,希望~ed effect预期的效果appearance n. 表现；外表unpleasant n.令人不愉快的pleasure n.快乐withdraw v.撤销，撤退，收回（withdrawal n.）symptom n. 症状discontinue v. 停止，废止，放弃affect v. 影响effect n. 影响；效果mood n. 情绪，心情group v. 归类，分类= classifystimulate v.刺激(stimulant n.使人兴奋的物质) depress v. 使压抑，使消沉，使沮丧depressant n. 使人镇静、情绪压抑的物质illusion v.错觉（hallucination n.幻觉，幻想）hallucinogens n. 迷幻剂initially adv. 最初，起初（=originally）；第一，首先（= primarily）speed up 加速（slow down 减速，放缓）activate v. 刺激，使活跃起来primary a.初步的，首要的;主要的，重要的primarily adv. 主要的（=predominantly）首先，第一（=firstly=initially）primacy n. 首要地位，优势= predominance variety n.多样性,各种各样a ~ of各种各样的radical a. 根本的，彻底的，激进的radical change/reform 彻底的改革/变革state of consciousness 意识状态conscious a. 有意识的，有知觉的be preferable to比…更让人喜爱，更可取,更好preference n. 优先权，优惠preferential adj. 优惠的,优先的~ policiesin that 之所以这样是因为（解释原因）fatal a. 致命的，毁灭性的overwhelming a. 压倒性的，无法抵抗的piercing a. 刺穿的，深刻的，感人的pierce v. 刺穿，刺透，刺fierce 激烈的result from 由…而产生，来源于；原因是… = arise from = stem from…be attributed to 归因于，归功于attribute… to…把…的原因归为blame 归咎于, 责备owe… to …原因在于，原因是= due toconsumption n. 消费,消费量(consume v.)production and consumption 生产与消费pattern n.模式,形式,方式standard ~ 标准模式purpose n.目的（= intention）quantitative a. 定量的，按一定数量的application （to）n. 应用，使用technological application 科学技术的运用apply v. （to）应用，适用于employ v. 使用；雇佣employer n. 用人单位；老板employment n. 使用；职位part time employment 兼职工作full time employment 全职工作disease n. 疾病positive a. 积极的（nagative a. 消极的）positive forces积极力量=driving forces推动力Unit Fourcontribute to 导致，促成；为…做了贡献contribution n.促成因素(=contributing factors)decline n./v. 衰退，下跌economic/ moral decline 经济/ 道德衰退declining adj. 处于衰退的a ~ industryfade v. 渐渐消失，衰弱，减弱fading adj. 处于衰退的，日渐消失的falling adj. 日渐降低的，日益衰退的rising adj. 越来越多(大)的=growing, soaring, increasingfall v./n. 下跌，降低（fell，fallen）= droprise v./n. 上升，增加（rose ，risen）on the rise/ decline 处于上升/ 下跌、衰退accomplish v. 实现，完成，达到complete v. 完成，使完善adj.完整的,完全incomplete不完全的career n. 职业生涯corrupt v. 腐蚀，使恶化 a. 腐败的various a 各种各样的，各不相同的times n. 时代creative freedom 创作自由bottom line 底线core n./a. 核心（的），中心take over 接管，接班，接任late a. 已逝的,已故的alive adj. 活着的raise stock price 提高股票价格debt n. 债务deal n. 交易dealership n. 经销商property n.财产intellectual property知识产权restructure v.结构重组,调整结构,体制改革reengineer v. 再设计，重新建造，结构重组flap n./v. 辩论，辩护debate n. 争论,辩论hip-hop 街舞expression n. 表达~ freedom 表达自由defend v. 保卫，辩护defender n. 支持者，辩护人=supporterdefendant n. 被告justify v. 证明…合理，为…而辩护be justified 有道理scientifically justified 科学上合理的justifiable adj. 合理的defend/justify…on the grounds that/of 为…而辩护，理由是…release v. 发表，发行issue v.under fire 受攻击violent a. 暴力的，猛烈的violence n. 暴力school violence 校园暴力violate v. 违反，违背（规章等）= infringeviolate the rules and regulationstest n./v. 测试，检验；试验democratic a. 民主的，大众化的column n. 专栏lie in 在于the widest possible latitude 最大的幅度dispute v./n.争执，争论beyond ~ 毋庸质疑disputable a. 有争议的irritating a. 令人愤怒的，使人气愤的compromise v./n.妥协，让步（=retreat ；=back off）hard-line 强硬路线~ stand强硬立场to some extent 在某种程度上=at some levelstockholder n. 股东，股票持有人cite v. 引用，引证balance n./v. 平衡announce v. 宣布= declarelaunch v. 发动，发起~ a drive to do sth.drive v. 驱动，推动driving force 推动力，驱动力be driven underground 被赶到地下，暗处develop v. 制定，培养；发展；研发develop standards 制定标准distribute v. 分发，分配；发行，销售distribution n. 发行，销售；发放，分布collection n. 收集information collection and distribution信息的收集与发布board n. 董事会；委员会boss and board 管理层= the managementlicencing board 执照颁发委员会be supportive of 支持oppositive adj. 相反的oppose v. 反对insider n. 业内人士，知道内情的人士people associated with…与…有关联的人senator n 参议员amendment n.（法律、合同等的）修改,修订unite v. 团结，联合为一Unit Fivemonetary a. 金融的，货币的steer v. 驾驶，驾驭land v. 着陆（take off 起飞，猛增）brake n./v. 闸；刹车precise a. 精确的far from the truth 远非事实variable a. 不确定的，易变的effect（on …）n. 影响（= influence on ）hence adv. 因此就出现了，因此就有了analogy n. 类比nanlogous adj. 相当于，类似于conduct v./n 进行…行为；行为（~ online transactions进行网上贸易）liken…to…v. 把…比作…crack v. 破裂，破碎rear v. 后部的，后面的view n. 景色，风景；观点，看法faulty a 有缺点的，不完美的banker n. 银行家boast v. 值得夸耀，引以为豪double-digit 两位数poll v. 投票选出percentage n. 百分比favorable a 有利的capacity n. 最大承受力（能力），最大承受量（容量）utilization n. 利用，使用prove v. (结果)竟然是,原来是,证明是;证明thrilling n. 令人激动的follow v. 遵循，按照…去做comparable a. 可比较的，可比作extremely a. 极端地，非常地last v. 持续（一段时间）amaze v. 令人吃惊，使吃惊amazing a.神奇的，奇异的Unit Sixit doesn’t help that 无法阻止，无法避免capture v. 吸引, 引起；俘获，夺取(~ one’s attention/ imagination)giant dam 巨大的水坝gigantic adj. 巨大的= giant=titanicat the mercy of 任凭… 摆布drought n. 干旱（flood n. 洪涝）ideal n. 理想 a. 理想的give up on… as an ideal 放弃…的理想do one’s bidding 听从某人的吩咐fascinating adj.令人着迷的，迷人的fascination n.着迷,异常兴奋be fascinated（with ）对…着迷project n.(各类)建设项目;研究项目,计划threaten（to do）有…的危险，威胁（到）= risk threat n. 威胁symbol n. 象征strive to do something / for something努力奋斗assert oneself 表现自己cement v. 巩固，加强bid n. 出价，投标bid for（投标）竞争,争取得到overbidding过高出价status n. 地位；状态tend to 往往，通常会intend v. 打算，目的在于~ doing/to do sth.be intended to do目的在于tendency n. 趋势trend n. 趋势，倾向deprive somebody of something 剥夺，夺去… fertile adj. 土地肥沃的, 多产的silt n. 淤泥in return for 作为…的回报reservoir n. 水库barely adv. 几乎不 = hardlygenerate electricity 发电myth n. 神秘事件，神话；荒诞的说法mythical adj. 令人神往的，想象的，虚构的persist v. 持续, 坚持persistent adj. 没完没了的civilized adj. 文明的，进步的= civil civilize v. 让… 变得文明，使文明stop (short of) doing停止了做某事(差点做了…) troops n. 军队（= forces ）contention over 竞争，争夺… (contend v. ) contend v.主张；竞争,斗争（contention n. ）give the go-ahead 允许，许可wrong-headed adj. 执迷不悟的,固执错误的even though 即使= even ifalthough ( = though ) ad. 尽管，虽然destruction n. 毁灭，破坏the powerful 权贵，强势阶层the powerless 平民，群众far from 远非，根本不是，根本没有far beyond 远远超过，远非resolve v. 决心；解决（同问题、分歧连用）conflict n. 冲突，斗争，摩擦hydroelectric power 水力发电irrigation n. 灌溉monster adj. 庞大，巨大的shut one’s eyes to reality 对现实视而不见neglect v. 忽视，忽略negligence n. 忽视vital adj. 致命的，至关重要的vitality n. 生命力，活力concern v. 与…有关n. 担忧，关切concerning prep.就…而言；与…有关concerned 相关的（后置修饰词）voice one’s concern 公开声明对…表示关注mild/serious/hightened concern稍稍/严重/高度关注be concerned about/with 关心，担心，重视strengthen v. 巩固，加强weaken v. 消弱，使变弱strengths and weaknesses 长处和不足之处international ties 国际关系universal adj. 普遍的n. 普遍情况universalize v. 普及，使普遍= popularize no use crying over spilt milk 覆水难收haste n. 匆忙（贬义）= rushhasten v. 加速leap v. /n. 跳跃，跳，飞跃Unit Seventale n. 故事，童话corporation n. 大公司corporate adj. 公司的international/multinational corporation跨国公司incorporate v. 包含，加入；合并revival n. 复兴，振兴，重生establish v. 建立，确立；公认，确定established adj. 确定的，既定的well-established adj.得到广泛公认的~ tend productive adj. 生产力的；多产的productivity n. 生产力revolution n. 革新，变革revolutionary adj. 革命性的preside over v. 主持，负责president n.总统,总裁,大学校长vice ~ 副的official adj.正式的，官方的~ status官方地位statistics n. 统计数字，统计学mildly adv. （mild adj. ）轻微的，适度的lump…together v. 合起来manufacturing n. 制造~ industry 制造业manufacturer n. 制造商on average 平均（只用于数字或人的资质）previous adj. 以前的，过去的acceleration n. 加速，加速度due to 因为rebound n. 反弹cycle n. 循环，周期business ~ 商业周期recycle v. 再利用，循环使用conclusive adj. 结论性的，充分的~ evidence inconclusive adj. 不充分的,不足以下结论的evidence n. 证据（不可数名词）treasury secretary n. 财政大臣，财政部长disjunction n. 分离，不吻合，出入anecdote n. 趣闻，轶事downsize v. 裁减，精简overall adj. 整体，全部的，总的factor n. 因素，要素joint adj. 共同的，联合的join v. 连接，结合equipment n. 装备，设备，装置machinery n. （总称）机器，机械profitable adj. 赢利的profit n. 利润switch (to) 转向matter much 关系很大，很有关系speculate (on) v. （对…进行）预测，推测speculative adj. 预测的，猜测的ineptly adv. 不适当地，不理想地spread v. 分布, 传播, 蔓延widespread adj. 广泛的，普遍的be evenly spread 平均分布，均衡分布的suppose v. 假设，猜想，想象academic v. 学者，大学教师 a. 学术的former adj. 过去的n. 前者colony n. 殖民地anti-colonial反殖民主义的chain n. 连锁机构crude adj.未经加工的；粗糙的，粗放型的crude oil 原油bakery n. 面包店toast v. 举杯庆祝case n. 情况；；案例，例子；（法律）案件in many cases 在很多情况下revenue n. 年收入，财政收入colleague n. 同事，伙伴= companymechanistic adj.机械的mechanism n.机制mechanical a.机械的，机械似的mechanical learning 机械的学习in a…fashion以…方式，方法(= in a… manner) version 版本；说法chop out 削减give thought to (n) 考虑sufficient adj.足够的,大量的sufficiency n. long-term adj. 长期的~ prospect 远景in a short term 短期内blunt adj. 直率，直言不讳的dismiss… as… 认为…不过是…consultant n. 顾问( = advisor ) consultancy n. 咨询ambulance n. 救护车turning point 转折点recovery n. 复苏；复原，恢复exclude v. 排除，除去…之外include v. 包含，包括fall short of 落后于，达不到（目标），不如anticipation n.预测anticipate v. 预测，预计the true state of 真实情况pose a question / challenge提出问题/ 挑战raise a question 提出问题question v. 怀疑，质疑= suspect questionnaire n. 问卷reply n. 答复,回答put forward提出(观点) (= pose v.提出，造成) unquestioned claim 毋庸质疑的论点reform n. 改革(liberal reform 自由改革) essential（for/to）adj.关键,至关重要的,核心的a bunch of 一帮，一捆，一串good-for-nothing n.无价值的,无用的人;废物Unit Eightuneasy adj.不自在、不稳定的;困难、艰难的aspect n. （问题等的）方面rebel v.反叛,叛逆rebelling beliefs 叛逆的信念、信仰trial n. 审判；试验Catholic Church 天主教remark n./v. 话，言语harsh remarksmake a passing remark 短暂发言，说话worldview n. 世界观schism n. 裂隙，分裂deepen v. 加深，深化humanities n.人文学科humanity n.人文主义精神if anything 如果有的话afford to do 有条件、有资格做某事critic n. 批评者，评论家criticize v. 批评critical(ly) adj. 缜密严谨的；批评的；至关重要的think critically 批判地思维/思想think independently 独立地思考ignore v. 忽视be completely ~ed 完全遭到忽视fund n.资金v. 出资,拨款,资助funding n.资助over-funding 拨款过度under-funding 拨款不足anti-science n. 反科学notably adv. 引人注目地，显著地assemble v. 集合；组装find fault with 批评，挑…的毛病social status 社会地位sociology n. 社会学sociologist n. 社会学家philosopher n. 哲学家，思想家philosophy n. 哲学，人生准则，生活方式create v. 创造（creation n. 创造，创造物）creativity n. 创造力creature n. 生物creationism n. 上帝造人说evolution n. 进化；物种进化论phenomenon n. 现象（phenomena 复数）contradict v. 与… 矛盾contradiction n.矛盾contradictory adj. 相矛盾的self-contradictory adj. 自相矛盾的on the contrary 相反contrast n. 对照，对比（不同点）survey n./v. 调查；纵览，通盘考虑reveal v. 显示，显示出；揭示，揭露；泄露tag n. 标签v. 贴标签（= label ）label v./n. （贴）标签，标示epithet n.称号attach… to… 将… 联系在一起attach importance to… 强调，重视…advocate v. 提倡，倡导n. 倡导者eliminate v.消除,淘汰,剔除(elimination n.) smallpox n. 天花virus n. 病毒virtue n. 美德scorn v. 蔑视long for 渴望，盼望utopia n. 乌托邦,理想完美境界,理想状态biological utopia 生物学上的理想状态environmentalist n.环保主义者,环境保护论者essay n. 文章，散文article n. 文章inevitable adj. 不可避免的，必不可少的respond forcefully/strongly to 对…做出强有力的反应respond to对…做出反应correspond to… v. 与… 有关，相一致corresponding adj. 相应的pioneer n. 先驱，先锋global warming 全球气候变暖depletion n. 损耗，枯竭ozone layer 臭氧层consequence n. 后果logical consequence 合理结果，逻辑结论consequent adj. 随之而来的，作为结果的consequently adv. 因此= thus = thereforenote v. 注意到；写道n. 注释explanatory note 注释heavy note 很浓的意味，明显特征denote v. 指示，表示的是have… in common 共同点是common adj. 共有的，共同的annoy v. 惹恼，激怒，令…不快annoying employees 惹人生气的雇员confront v. 面对，挑战confrontation n. 对抗，冲突，不和separation n. 分裂，分离separate adj. 独立的，各自的，分离的earn one’s keep 挣钱吃饭earn v. 挣钱，赚得；博得，得到contempt n.鄙视,蔑视,看不起earn the contempt of sb. 受到鄙视contemptible adj. 让人鄙视的，可鄙的greedy adj. 贪婪的show sympathy with/for 表示同情、同感in sympathy with 同情sympathetic adj.表示同情的；赞同、支持的compassionate adj.表示同情的，有同情心的exemplify v. 举例说明，例证context n. 上下文，语境Unit Nineemerge v. 出现= appearemergence n. 出现emerge as v. 以…面貌出现emerging countries 新兴国家emerging economies 新兴国家的经济census n.人口普查head-counting n.数人数，人口普查regional adj. 地区性的national a. 全国性的worldwide a.世界范围的compete with 与… 竞争competitor n. 竞争者fierce/ intense competition激烈竞争competitive adj.竞争的anti-competitive force 反竞争的力量competitiveness竞争性，竞争力fading/growing competitiveness 越来越强/弱的竞争力competently adv. 合格,有效地incompetently adv. 不合格,不称职地standstill n. 停滞不前enthrone v. 使成为首位，是名列…之首densely/thinly populated人口稠密(稀少)的be populated with/by 充满了，充斥着numerically adv.从数字上显示,从数字方面ever recorded/witnessed 有历史(记载)以来decade n. 十年gain n. 上升，增长（= rise）add up to 总数为annual adj. 每年的，每年一度的the Depression years 经济大萧条的年代migrate v. 迁徙immigrant n. 进入另一国的移民移民immigration n.迁移,移民(进入一地区或国家) prevail v. 普遍,,盛行prevalent adj. 流行的,主导的drop out of 离开，掉出，退出shift v. /n. 转换，变化，转移，转嫁shift (from…) to…转向major shift主要变化，重要变化wave n. 浪潮，潮流（= trend ）one wave after another 一波接一波的the snow-belt 冰雪地带the sun-belt 阳光地带role n. 角色，作用play a role 起作用play a key role 起到关键作用baby boom生育高峰期,婴儿潮child-bearing adj.育龄的,怀孕的crop n. 收获，收割generation n. 一代（人）two-generation household 由两代人组成的家庭demography n. 人口统计学related adj. 有关，相关的closely related to career-related adj. 与工作有关的instance n. 例子，实例rapid adj. 迅速的，飞快的rap n. 说唱vast adj. 广大的，巨大的vastly = greatly = broadlydevastate v. 毁坏，破坏be composed of 由… 组成的square n./a. 平方（的）~ meters 平方米flight n. 逃跑；远离bearable adj. 可以忍受的dramatize v. 明显体现出drama n. 戏剧dramatic adj. 剧烈的;巨大的~ changes 巨变dramatic declaration 引起轰动的消息dramatically adv. 大幅度地spacious adj. 宽敞的space n. 空间smog n. 烟雾crime n. 刑事犯罪criminal a. 有罪的n. 罪犯plague n. 瘟疫，通病urbanization n. 都市化urban a. 城市的suburban adj. 近郊的，城市边缘的rural a. 农村的rate n. 比率；费率interest rates 利率divorce rate离婚率crime rate犯罪率birth rate出生率inflation rates通货膨胀率ratio n. 比例sex ratio 男女性别比例reason n. 理性；原因v. 推理reasonable a.合理的considerably adv. 相当大的，非常（= vastly）perplex v. 困扰，迷惑perplexing adj. 令人困惑的witness v. 见证，目击n. 目击者，证人undergo v. 经历了= experience distinguish oneself from others使自身与众不同stress n. 压力v. 强调stress…over…v. 强调…比…更重要climatic influence 气候影响climate n. 气候highlight v. 强调（= stress ）continuous adj. 连续不断的continual adj. 频繁的，不断的elaborate v. 详细阐述，精心制作delayed adj. 迟到的delay v. 延迟,耽误unanimously adv. 一致地democracy n. 民主be engaged in 从事，忙于conservative a. 保守的n. 保守的人cling to something 坚持= stick toUnit 10scatter v. 遍布，散乱分布the globe n. 地球isolate v. 分离，隔绝isolated adj. 分离的，隔绝的region n. 地区volcano n. 火山volcanic activity 火山活动geology n. 地质学geologist n. 地质学家geological feature 地质特点geological publication n. 地质学出版物hot spot 热点boundary n. 界限drifting plate 漂移的板块drift away 漂走make up 占…（比例）（= account for）组成（be made up of…由…构成）弥补，化妆surface n. 表面interior n. 内部 a. 内部的trail n. 踪迹,痕迹,路线tourist ~s；volcanic ~s milestone n. 里程碑mark v. 标志着markedly adv. 显著地complementary adj. 互补的coastline n. 海岸线span v. 横跨，横越n. 跨距，跨度attention span 注意力集中时间段life span寿命ocean n. 海洋oceanic adj. 海洋的reminder n. 提示，提醒的人或物remind v. 提醒，使想起continent n. 大陆continental plate 大陆板块relative adj. 相对的motion n. 动作，移动（= mobility ）mobile adj.（可）移动的，流动的mobility n. orbital motion 有轨道的运动construct v. 建造，构造；构思，构想，想象in detail adv. 细节的，详细的detail n. 细节with respect to关于…，在…方面，与…有关= in terms of = regardingreadily adv. 轻易地，容易地translate… into… 将… 解释为determine v. 确定，决定in opposite directions 向不同方向stationary adj. 固定的，静止不动的respectively adv. 各自地，分别地anchor v. 固定在，停留n 节目主持人layer n. 层，层次measuring instrument 测量工具，测量仪器measure n. 措施；衡量指标，测量方法conventional measures 常规的指标measurable adj. 可以衡量的analysis n. 分析self-analysis n. 自我分析senior analyst 高级分析师be confined to something 被限制于，局限于frame n. 框架，范围reference n. 参考geophysical adj. 地球物理学的propel v. 推动，推进，加速broad adj. 宽阔的，巨大的，广泛的broaden v. 拓展fissure n./ v. 缝隙，裂痕（= crack ）entire adj. 完全的，整体的entirely adv. 完全地，彻底地entirely reasonable 完全合理的entirely different story 完全不同的情况initiate v. 开始，引发take initiative 积极行动，采取主动medical initiative 医疗动机formation n. 形成mutability n. 变形；易变性consistent adj.一直的,一贯的~ly adv. 一直inconsistency n. 不一致，变化apart adv. 分开dome n. 拱型，圆屋顶be deducted from 由… 推论出stable adj. 稳定stability n. 稳定Unit 11rough adj. 粗糙的，粗略的；困难，复杂roughly adv. 大约，大致（后跟数字或数目）slip v. 滑倒warning n. 警告warn of/against提醒注意…,发出关于…的警告disaster n. 灾难catastrophe n. 大灾难tragedy n. 悲剧，灾难lawsuit n. 法律诉讼sue v.起诉appeal v. (to,for)上诉，申诉compensate sb. for 赔偿，补偿compensation n. 赔偿，补偿or so 大约jury n. 陪审团hold v. 认为，主张；保持be liable for adj. 负法律责任，对…应负责任be liable to 易…的，有…可能的liability n. 义务，法律责任misfortune n. 不幸fortune n. 运气；财富；财产状况,经济状况cautious adj. 小心谨慎的caution n./v. 小心谨慎；警告precaution n. 预防，防范，警惕appropriate adj. 正确，适当的= proper inappropriate subject 不恰当的题材drug interaction 药物过敏，药物交互作用interact with 互动，相互作用interactive adj. 互动的interactivity n. 互动性federal adj. 联邦的regulation n. 管理规定，规则regulate v.规范，管理regular adj. 规则的，标准的；定期的regularity n. 规律性，规则性customer n. 顾客，消费者client n.顾客，客户potential customer 潜在顾客，可能的顾客customize n. 量身定制，定做，用户化take somebody to court 将…告上法庭turn the tide潮流倒转，逆转潮流reverse the trend 逆转这一潮流,逆转这一趋势claim n. 索赔；主张；宣称，声称unquestioned claim 毋庸置疑的言论proclaim v. 宣称（= claim）side with / back up 支持paralyze v. 麻痹，瘫痪paralysis n. 瘫痪parallel n. 类似事物或做法a.平行的unparalleled adj.无以伦比的= unmatched unsurpassed might无法超越、空前的巨大力量unprecedented a. 史无前例的，空前的precede v. 先于，在… 之前（发生）proceed to 着手做，进入（下一个议程或项目）athlete n. 运动员institute n. 学院，机构judge n. 法官v. 判断judgement n.判断justice n. 司法；正义；法官recommendation n.建议；推荐recommend v. 建议；推荐counsel v. 建议carry v. 有，蕴含着，承载着carry substantial weight 很有分量substantial adj. 相当大的；相当多的= considerableweight n. 分量，重量issue v. 发布，出台n. 问题，争端，事务guideline n. 指导，方针，大纲tort law 侵权法state v. 声明，陈述，规定statement n bombard sb. with… v. 用…狂轰滥炸lengthy adj.（演说、文章等）冗长的= tedious lengthen v. 延长shorten v. 缩短get buried 被掩埋，被忽略= be buried triviality n. 琐碎的事务draft v. 起草n. 草案，草稿moderate adj. 适度，中等的have one’s way 按照…的愿望行事，顺利进行for the benefit of / in the interest of 为了…的利益find fault with 找茬，挑错promise v. 承诺n. 前途intellectual promise 读书方面的前途political promise 政治前途promising adj. 有前景的inadequacy n. 不足，不完美inadequate adj.不够充分的,不完全,不够的make the best use of 充分利用be / feel obliged to do不得不demonstrate v.说明,显示,表明= illustratediscard v. 抛弃discard… in words 口头，表面上抛弃Unit 12web business = internet commerce= online transaction 在线商务，互联网贸易anti-consumerism 反消费主义，抵制消费第一的观念consumer n. 消费者culture of consumption 消费文化medical consumer 医疗消费者fashion n. 时尚v.制定,开发,研发(=develop)attain a certain fashion 一定程度上得到流行old-fashioned a. 落伍的，过时的fashionable a. 时髦的，流行的revolve around v. 围绕…展开或进行tap v. 开发~ the market 开发市场make sense 合理，行得通；有意义nonetheless adv. 然而，但是(= nevertheless ) hesitate v. 犹豫，犹豫不决doubt v. 怀疑self-doubt n. 自我怀疑doubter n. 怀疑者dubious a. 半信半疑的reliable adj. 可靠的fairly ~ 相当可靠的reliability n. 可靠性trust v./n. 信任n. 托拉斯，大型垄断企业distrust v. 不信任mistrust v. 不信任，怀疑trustworthy adj. 可靠的pathway n. 路径path n. 路径risk v./n. 风险，冒…的风险= threatenrisk doing something 冒险做某事partner n. 伙伴give somebody access to 允许出入，允许接触access n. 接近，利用（网络）accessible adj. 可获得的，可利用的intranet n. （单位内部）局域网model n./v. 模式，方式，模仿，建模focus on 集中于；全神贯注于available adj. 可以得到的，可以用的available online 在网上可得到的site n. 位址，场所；网址=websitedirect a. 直接的，径直的indirect a. 间接的transmit v. 传播，传染transmission n. message n. 信息，消息send out messages screen savor 屏幕保护deliver v.传送，送货上门；发言，发表演说updated adj. 最新的，更新的stream n.流,河流,一连串tourist streams客流a stream of 一系列的，一连串的streams of news/information 大量的新闻、信息subscriber n. 订阅者subscribe v. （to）同意，赞同monitor n. 监视器，显示器as yet （到目前为止）尚未not…(just) yet 尚未special sales 减价销售，特价销售commercial promotion 商业促销promote v. 推动，促进；促销；提拔byproduct n. 副产品produce v. 生产出,创造出;培养出n. 产品side-effect n. 副作用offer v. 提供；出价，报价provide v. 提供= offerprovided conj. 如果（= if）think tank 智囊团notion n. 观念，概念，想法，意见connotation n. 内涵，含义，意义event n. 活动，事件，事情eventually adv. 最终，最后flow v. 流动request n. 要求once adv. 以前，曾经（= used to）；一旦，如果univited a. 不请自来的，未经请求的distinction n. 区别；显赫身份，声望distinct a. 截然不同的，明显独特的draw v. 做比较，进行区别draw distinctions/ comparisons between …and …对…进行比较,区别两者comparison n. 比较（相同点或不同点）prospect n. 前景raise the ~ 使前景变得光明job prospect 就业前景career prospect职业前景horrify v. 吓唬，恐吓，令人害怕，使害怕Net purist网络纯净主义者pure a. 纯粹的, 纯洁的resort to something 借助，采取，求助于the best resort 最好的办法，最好的手段the last resort最后的手段；终审法庭，最高法庭the right mix of …and ……和…的有机结合cost n.支出，成本；代价at all ~s 不惜一切代价地cost and benefit 利弊costly adj. 昂贵的= expensivefree fall 自由落体，自由降落enterprise n. 企业silicon n. 硅，电脑业in silicon在互联网上silicon chips 硅片，芯片，集成电路板set up 设立，创立take the online plunge投身于互联网,置身于网络expand v. 扩大expansion n. 扩展fanciful adj. 新奇的in vain 徒劳，白费，没有用处boom v.繁荣，迅猛发展baby boom生育高峰enjoy the widest popularity 得到流行，受到欢迎popular adj. 受欢迎的；大众的popular culture 大众文化populist n. 大众主义者，平民主义者adj. 大众主义者的，大众的faith n. 忠诚，信任give priority to 重视，认为…优先function v.起作用,运行,行使职责n.功能，职责functional adj. 功能性的leading adj. 主要的，重要的；领先的Unit 13invisible adj. 看不见的，无形的visible adj. 看得见的border n. 边界，界限frontier n. 边境，前方divide v. 分开，划分开n. 差距，鸿沟digital divide数字化鸿沟division n. 分歧,分隔,分离argue for赞成，支持，同意= subscribe =favor argue v.坚决主张,认为=claim=hold=contend argument n. 论点，观点；论据on behalf of 代表…，为了…= on one’s behalfexplore v. 探索，探讨，探究，研究exploration n. 探究，研究subject n.题目,主题;学科adj.遭受…的,容易受到…（影响）的be subject to (n.) 受限制，属于subject matter 主题，主旨go to 是…go to the heart of 是… 的核心或关键indeed adv. (加强语气)确实，事实上campaign n. 运动，活动v. 发起运动，活动aim at 目的在于= aim towardsaimlessness n. 毫无目的，毫无目标require v. 要求concept n. 概念；观念，想法conception n. 概念assess v. 评价，评估possess v. 拥有，占有= ownpossession n. 拥有；财产livelihood n. 生活be equipped with 具有…的能力；配备有…the case 实情，情况，状况this is always the case 事实总是如此this is not always the case 事实并非只是如此pursue v. 继续，从事；追求，追逐pursuit n. 追求，追逐，努力= questintellectual pursuit 在知识方面的追求intellectual inquiry 在知识方面的探究、研究be fit to do 适合于forsake…for…=replace…with…=trade…with…以…取代…；用（后者）取代（前者）forsake v. 抛弃，放弃betray v. 与…相违背，背离了；露出…迹象cheer v. 欢呼cheery adj. 高兴的，兴奋的cheer somebody on 为…鼓劲加油cheering adj. 令人兴奋的，令人高兴的outlook n. 观点，见解= viewworld outlook 世界观=outlook on the worldoutlook on life 人生观bank on 依赖，依靠；指望，期望= count onvocation n. 职业vacation n. 假期vocational adj. 职业的，为职业做准备的~ education 职业（技术）教育=technical educationemphasize v. 强调，重视emphasis n.emphasis on the basics 强调基础教育emphasis on test-taking 强调应试教育emphasis on moral education 强调道德教育graduate v. 毕业生。
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心一考研英语核心词汇精讲班配套讲义集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]@心一老师核心词汇Aabandonabidebidabide by=bear/endure/tolerate/put up withcome up with＝put forward=raisecatch up with=keep up withabnormalab-away fromnormenormousaboardboardabound in/withabroadbroadgo abroadabsentpresent-presenceabsenceabstracttractorabundantabundanceabuseabuse drugabuse one’s authorityabuse one’s wifeaccelerateaccess-cess/-ceed/-cede=go/move have access to+n/doing succeed in, tosuccess-successfulsuccessionsuccessiveproceed toprocess in process of precede precedingprecedentexceed sb’s expectationexcess an excess ofexcessiverecedere-again/backrecession economic recession concede = compromiseconcessionaccommodationac commod atecommodeaccomplishpolishaccomplishmentachieve-achievementfulfill-fulfillmentaccordaccountaccountanttake sth into account=take account of=give thought to=give consideration toaccount for=make upon this(that/no) account/on account of hold sb to accountaccumulateaccusecurseaccuse sb. of sth.blame sb. for sth.charge sb. for sth.sue sb. for sth.prosecute sb. for sth.accustomedbe accustomed to doing= be used to doing=be conditioned to doingused to dobe used to doachieveaccomplish-mentachieve-mentacknowledgeadmit-put mit-missionconfess/profess fess-speakpermitacquireget/obtain/gain-quireinquirerequireactualact---action---actor/actressactive---activity---activateactual---actually = in fact=in effect=in practice=in truthreact---reaction + tocounteract---counteractiontransact---transactionadaptadoptadopt sth./adopt sb’s adviceadopt sb./adopt an orphanan adopted sonan adoptive parentadditionaladd-addtion-additionaladdressapproach(near)/handle/tackle (touch)dispose of/deal with/cope with/ get a handle onadequateequal－equallyadjustjustice prejudiceadjust sth. adjust a telescope adjust sb. adjust oneself to adjust=adapt=accommodate administerministervicar/priest-pray/clergeman bishopadoptadvanceadvantagetake advantage of=make use ofadventureven-comea joint ventureadvertisever-转/true/truthadvisableadviceadviseadvisoradvisoryadvocate-vok / - vocvocal cords advocateevoke v.evocation n.evocative adj.invoke v.invocation n.invocative adj.provoke v.=infuriate/annoyprovocation n. provocative adj. convoke v.convocation n. convocative adj.affectfec/fac/fic=make/doSmoking is apt to affect one’s health. have an effect on sb./sthhave an influence on sb./sthaffluentlive in affluent circumstances favorable circumstancesadverse circumstancesaggravategrave-tombgravityaggravate an illnessaggressive-gressaggressionaggressiveprogressprogressionprogressivedegressdegressiondegressivedigressdigressiondigressiveagonyin agonysuffering=agony＜anguishaliena lie nationalienatealteralternate: alternate kindness with severity alternative: have no alternative but to do altitudeattitudelatitudelongitudeambitionambitiousamuseentertainanalysisanalyzeparalysisparalyzeparalysis by analysisancestorprecedentforebearforefatherpredecessoroffspringdescendantdescend-descentascend-ascentposterityanniversaryann/ennannoyappealShakespeare’s works appealed to us a lot. attract…to…appeal to the law/arm=resort to/turn toappeal to the judge for mercyapplauseplausibleapplianceply/pli/pleapply for a visaapply to teaching practiceapply oneself to=apply one’s energies to=attach oneself to=devote to=dedicate to=dedicate one’s energies to=campaign toapplicationapplicantapplianceapplicableappointassign/allocateappraisalappraiseassessevaluateestimateappreciatedepreciateI appreciate your help a lot.to appreciate English poemsI appreciate your anxiety about your son’s illness. approachn. way/meansappropriateproperon an appropriate occasionappropriationapproveagree-disagressapprove of-disapprove ofassent/consent-dissent-provprovedisproveimprove-improvementartificialartificial flowers/leather----naturalassemblesam/sem/sim=sameto assemble pupils to a gameto assemble a machineassessasset=belongings/possessionsmeans 资力，财力assist-sistinsist: insist on doingpersist: persist in doingconsist: consist of---The class consists of 100 students. The class is made of 100 students.resist: resist the temptationassociateassociate with sb.associate A with Bassumeassume one’s officeduty/obligation/responsibility-sum/sumptassume---assumptionpresume---presumptionresume---resumptionconsume---consumptionassureassureensureinsureguarantee-promisewarrant: warranty---a warranty of quality astronautastro/asterattachattach a label toattach much importance toattach oneself toattach---detachdetached/neutralattemptattempt to doendeavor to dotry to domake efforts to dotempttemptationcontempt/scornfulattendattend to: attend to an emergency matter/a sick man attend a meeting/attend Harvard-tendtend: tend to do/tend the cattletendency=trendattendintend: intend to do/doingintentintentionintentionalextendelongate/protract/prolongextentto some extentextensionpretend: pretend to docontend: contend against/with sb.contentaudienceauthorityauthorauthorityauthorities=governmentauthorizeauthenticautomaticATMTellerC calculatecampaigncampcandidatecandlecand-candidcapablecap/cep/ceive/cept/catbe capable ofcapacitycargocasualcas/cad/cid=fallcausal-causecatercater tocautioncarewarncautiouscelebratecelebratedcelebritycelebratecertificatecertaincertifycertificationcertifychief CEOcirculatecirclecircumstance environment surroundings circumstancesfavorable ~adverse ~clarifyclear/blearclassicalclassicclassifyclasscollaboratecollaboration cooperate-cooperation combatcommandcommand---demand commend ---mendmendmend the hedgecommentment-mentalcommence=to begin/start/originate commentcommitcommunicatemun-publiccross-cultural communication/exchange communitycomparecompare A to Bcompare A with Bcomparisonpaircontrastcompatiblepartbe compatible withcompensatepen/pens/pend 挂、花费compensate forcompensationexpensedispensedependentindependentcompetentcompete-competition-competitive-competentcompetitive complementcomplimentcomplycomply (with)-plyimplyreplysupplymonopolycomposeconsistcomprehendcomprehensioncomprehensiveapprehendapprehensionapprehensive comprehensive compromiseconcedeconceive -conception deceive-deceptionperceive-perception receive-reception concentratecenter/re onfocus onconcernconcerningconsideringregardingrespecting confer conference defer-deference infer-inference refer-reference confess confident confine confine tolimit toconfirmconflict conformconform tocomply withabide byconfuseconfusediffuseinfuseprofusetransfusecongressconsentsenseassent-dissent consequencefollowconservationserv-keepconservationconservativeconservation organization conservative organization preservationreservationconsiderableconsiderconsiderationconsideringabundantconsiderateattentiveconsistconsistentconsistconsistentconsolidatesolidconstantconstitutionstitu(t)-constitute?constitution?instituteinstitution?substitute(for)substitution?consumecontactassociationcommunicationtact, ta(n)g, teg-touch integrateintegratedintegration contemporarycontemporarytemporarytempor-temporalcontendcontenttent?content?contractcontradictiondictionary?diction?predict?contra- contrary---on the contrary contradictiondictate?dictatorbenefit?benedictionverdict?unpredictable?controversyver-versatileconversationreversediversecontroversyuniverseconvenienceven, ventconvenientinconvenientinconvenienceconveneconventionconventionalunconventionalreconveneconventionconvertconvertavertdivert amuse entertaincooperatecoordinatecoordinate?ordinarysubordinatecopecope with/deal with/dispose of/get a handle on/ handle/tackle/address/approachcorruptrupt-breakrupture rapture---go into rapturesabruptbankruptcrucialcruderudecrude oilrudimentrudimentary-basiceruditecultivatecultcultivateculturecultural communication/exchangfacultycurbcurecure?healaccuratecuriouscuriositysecure?- security - securities curiosityD deadlydyingdeaddeceivedecentdecent -respectablecentdecentindecentinnocent?incentivereticent?decisivedecide to dodeclinecline-inclinebe inclined to dohave inclination to do=be willing to do sth decreasedecreasecreateincreasededicatedelicateintricateindicatedeductduct/duce管子/引导inductiondeductiondefectdefectinfectperfectaffecteffecteffectiveefficient definition definedefinitiondefinitedefydenydeliberateliber-deliberateintention intentional democraticdemocracy demonstrate showdeny dependentpend-independent dispensable indispensable expenseexpenditure expensive depressdepressdepressionimpressimpression pressurethe presscompressexpresssuppress dismay gloomdejectdeprive deprive (of) derive (from) descendantdescendascend deserve observe reservedeserveconserve?designsigndesign resignassign-appoint-allocatesignifysignificantsignificantlydesperatesper-prosperousdeterminetermin-decidediffusediffuseinfuseconfusediffusionprofusetransfusediminishmini-mini happy countryministeradministerMBA （Master of Business Administration）minimizeminiatureminimumdiminishminorminoritymajormajority maximize maximumminimumdisabledisabledthe disabled disastrousdisastercatastrophe discriminate distinctstin-刺instinct-intuition extinctextinction extinguish extinguisher distinctdistinction distinguish distinguish distinguish distinct distinctionextinct extinguishextinguisherdivorcedomesticdomedomaindomesticdominantdominatedominantdomaindominatedominatedramaticdramadrawbackduplicateduplicateimplicit ---explicatecomplicatedintricatecomplexdurableduringdure-endureE ease1 do sth. with great easestand at ease2 relieve=alleviate 轻高ease sb’s pains/suffering3 live in easy circumstancesTake it easy!economicaleconomyeconomiceconomicaleconomicallyfrugal, thriftyeditionedit---to edit a collection of poems editor---editresseditorial---the editorial officethe original editioneffectiveeffective---effectefficient---efficiencyvalida secretarya argumenta ticketefficient---sufficientinsufficientdeficientproficientefficienteffortmake an effort to domake an endeavor to domake an attempt to dotake pains to do (No pains, no gains.)spare no pains to doejectelaboratelaboran elaborate dinner/excuse/plotcomplicatedcomplexinvolvedelaborateintricateelevateelevatorliftescalatorescalate---escalate the warraiseelevateenhanceliftescalateheavehoisteliminate1 get rid ofremovedispose of2 to eliminate one’s opponents in the first roundelitelitthe scientific eliteembarrassembarrassmentembarrassingembarrassedawkwardbarbarbarianbarrenembarrassasscrassassassinassassinateemergemergeemerge from=arise fromemerge-emergence-emergent-emergency an emergency airport/fund/room emergency roomliving roomdrawing roomsitting roomguest roomrest roomhospitality roomemergencyemigrateemigrantmigrate---migrant---migrating birds immigrate---immigranteminentpreeminentdistinctoutstandingprominentemitpermitadmitomittransmitemitsubmit subjectendeavorendeavor to domake an effort/attempt/endeavor to do endureduringdurable---durable furniture/shoesendure one’s wifeendure/stand/bear/put up withtolerate—tolerate sb’s behaviorI can’t tolerate your selfishness. enforceenhanceenhance sth.to enhance one’s influence/appearance/reputation enlargeen+adj.---vt.enlightenenlightened---enlightened leadersenormousnorm---normalenormous expendituregiganticTitanic is gigantic.enrollrollpolltollenroll oneself in sth.enroll oneself in a training programentailThat will entail an early start.retailretailerwholesalewholesalerentitleentitle to dobe entitled to doentitle to+n/doingenvironmentsurroundingscircumstancesI shall never submit, in/under any circumstances. equalequallyequal pay for equal workequivalentequivalenteraseerasererase the pencil marksrubber-rub-problemerectcorrectuprightkeep erecterect a monumentrectify=correctrectitudeeruptrupt-breakbreak outerupt---break outbankrupt---go bankruptdisruptinterruptintermitestablishstableto establish the identity of sb.estimateassess---possess/possession/possessions evaluateappraiseeternalexternal---exterior=outsideinternal---interioreternal triangleevacuatevacu-vacantvacuumevadeinvadeevaluateevaporateevidentself-evidentevidenceplainobviousevidentapparentdistinctevokeevolveevolutioninvolverevolve---revolution/innovationrevolve around the sunresolve ---resolutionsolve---solutionexaggerateexaggerate one’s difficultiesexceedexcess---an excess ofexcessiveexceptionalexceptional athletes/childrenoutstandingspecial---special foods/love/fundspecificparticular---particular detailsa letter of particular importancebe particular aboutexclusiveexclude---to exclude the possibility of doing exclusive interviewincludeinclusiveexecutiveexertert-exert pressure/influence on sb./sthexhibithibit-exhibitionshow/display/demonstrate/exhibit great courage forbid sb. to do sth.inhibit/prohibit/preclude/prevent/hamper/hinder/stop/ban/keep sb. from doing/nprotect sb from doing/ninh a bitinhabitant=residentexpandshrinkextendexpendexpelpel-expelpropeldispelrepel=reject=refuseimpelcompelexpire-spireexpireinspireperspirerespireconspireexposeexpose tobe exposed toexposure toI have been exposed to English for more than 10 years.composedeposereposeexposeproposedispose---dispose ofimposeextendan extended familyextentthe extent sb’s knowledgesome extenta certain extentextensionexteriorinterioreternalexternalextinctan extinct volcanoextinct---extinctiondistinct---distinguish---distinguish A from B/be distinct from instinct=intuitionextinguishIidentical sameidentifytellidentificationIDidentityidentity cardignorantgn/sci/not=knowbe ignorant ofignoranceillegallegallegal communitylegal liability/be liable for be liable tolegal business operationa legal heirilliterateletterliteratureimitationimitatelimitationimmensemeasurean immense oceanimmenseimmerse-immerge/emergegiganticenormoustitanicimmigrantmigrateimmigrate---immigrant emigrate---emigrant immunean immune systemcommunityimpairimpair one’s health repairimpartimpatientpatient-patienceimpatienceimplicitan implicit warning explicitimplyinferimposeimpressimpressionimpressiveimprison 禁锢impulseto act on impulse incentiveincidentfall1 frontier incident2 a historical incidentaccident ---by accidentcoincident-coincidenceinclinedeclinebe inclined to do/ I’m inclined to hold that …be willing to doeconomic (decline, recession, depression/prosperity) incorporateincrediblecreditcredible (credulous/incredulous)incurcurseto incur sb’s complaint/resentmentoccur---happenrecurconcurindicateimply/hintdictiondictionarypredictcontradictindifferentindignantfurious-furyindignation/fury/rage/outragedignityindispensableindispensabledispensableexpenseexpenditurecompensate (for)compensationexpendpensiondispenseinduceduce/ductinducereduceseduce sexproduce productdeduceeducateeducationintroduceinevitableevadeIt is inevitable that …infectinferdeduceconferreferdeferinferiorsuperioranteriorprior to 1965posteriorseniorjuniorsense of inferiority/superiorityinfinitefiniteinhabitlive in/dwell ininhabitantinheritheirheritageinhibitprohibitexhibitinhabitinitialinit-the initial letter of the wordthe initial stageinitiate---to initiate an undertakinginitiative---to do sth on initiative/to lose initiative to sb initiativeinjectinnovationnewinvent-inventioninnovateinnovatorinnumerablenumerousnumerableinquireacquirerequireinsightinsistinsist onpersist ininspectinspect the passenger’s ticketsinstituteinstitutionconstituteconstitutioninsuranceinsureintegratetouchto integrate theory with practiceto integrate oneself into the white community integrityto preserve the nation’s territorial integrity a man of integrity/rectitudeintelligentintelligence-informationlect, lig-intelligibleintellectualintendintend to do/doingmean to domean doingintent---intentionintentionaltenseintenseintensityintensify-reinforce-strengthenintensive---a labor intensive industryintenseintensityintentionintentionalinterruptrupt---breakinterviewintimateintricatecomplicatedcomplexinvolvedelaboratesophisticatedinvaluableinvasioninvadeevadeinventoryinventtake inventory ofinvertinvert---to invert one’s glassdivert---divert one’s attention from revert---to revert one’s carconvert---to convert A into BinvestinvestigateinvolverevolveevolveLlagleglamelapseelapse=go byleaguecolleaguelegacyheritagelegallegislationlegitimateliablebe liable to/forliability-obligation-responsibilityoblige to do/oblige to nlikelybe likely to dobe unlikely to dobe more likely to dobe less likely to dobe most likely to dolocatelocallongitudeloyaltyloyalroyal-royaltyluxuryM magnificentgreat/wonderful/terrific/fantastic/incredible magnifya magnified photomagnifierenlarge/exaggerate/amplifymajoritymajor---minorminoritya vast majority ofmanifestshow/exhibit/display/demonstrate evident/apparent/distinct/plain/ conspicuousmanipulateman-manualphysicalmentalmanufacturemanuscriptscript-scribeprescribeproscribedescribeinscribemassacremassivea massive monumenta massive rocka man of massive framea massive amount of watermeansmean to do=intend to domean doingmean adjby this meansin this way/fashion/mode/manner by no meansby means ofmeans 资产，资力measuremeditateThe Meditationmediummetropolitanmetromigratemildwildminimizeminutemiraclemir-misfortunemonopolymonotonousmortalmortality rate/birth rate mortgagemotivatemovemotivemotivatemotivationmunicipalurbansuburban。