考研英语翻译课件.ppt
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考研英语翻译ppt课件
详见大纲解读
题型特点
1、文章题材：偏文倾向 03：人类学；04：语言与思维的关系； 05：大众传媒；06年：美国的知识分子； 07：法律的学习；08：达尔文的思维表达； 09：教育学；10：自然与经济的关系； 11：书评；12：对普遍真理的追求
题型特点
2、语法结构：关系复杂 非谓语动词（形容词短语） 逻辑关系 指代：代词it, they, that, this, one 从句：
5）无对等词语。翻译中的这种情况极少，偶 有发生，一般用解释或音译的方式来解决英汉 之间的对应关系。
teenager ；hacker
2．词义辨析
1) 根据构词法辨别词义 Miniskirt Microsoft Spaceship Thermometer Futurist
4) 根据不同学科或专业类型辨别词义 (1) The lathe should be set on a firm base. 车床应安装在坚实的底座上。 （机械）
(2) Line AB is the base of the triangle ABC. AB线是三角形ABC的底边。（数学） (3) The weary troops marched back to the base. 疲惫不堪的士兵列队返回基地。（军事）
carry:
搬、运、送、提、拎、挑、担、抬、背、扛、 搂、抱、端、举、夹、捧…..
4）交织对应。这类情况在英汉翻译中时有发 生，也即是一组词义相近的词，根据不同的上 下文，可以译作对应词语中的任何一个，如英 语中的say, speak, talk, tell与汉语的“说、讲、 谈、诉”之间的关系：
翻译技巧和方法
I. 分清主从 把握结构
题型特点
1、文章题材：偏文倾向 03：人类学；04：语言与思维的关系； 05：大众传媒；06年：美国的知识分子； 07：法律的学习；08：达尔文的思维表达； 09：教育学；10：自然与经济的关系； 11：书评；12：对普遍真理的追求
题型特点
2、语法结构：关系复杂 非谓语动词（形容词短语） 逻辑关系 指代：代词it, they, that, this, one 从句：
5）无对等词语。翻译中的这种情况极少，偶 有发生，一般用解释或音译的方式来解决英汉 之间的对应关系。
teenager ；hacker
2．词义辨析
1) 根据构词法辨别词义 Miniskirt Microsoft Spaceship Thermometer Futurist
4) 根据不同学科或专业类型辨别词义 (1) The lathe should be set on a firm base. 车床应安装在坚实的底座上。 （机械）
(2) Line AB is the base of the triangle ABC. AB线是三角形ABC的底边。（数学） (3) The weary troops marched back to the base. 疲惫不堪的士兵列队返回基地。（军事）
carry:
搬、运、送、提、拎、挑、担、抬、背、扛、 搂、抱、端、举、夹、捧…..
4）交织对应。这类情况在英汉翻译中时有发 生，也即是一组词义相近的词，根据不同的上 下文，可以译作对应词语中的任何一个，如英 语中的say, speak, talk, tell与汉语的“说、讲、 谈、诉”之间的关系：
翻译技巧和方法
I. 分清主从 把握结构
考研英语一翻译技巧讲解ppt课件
处理：跳读，再把插入语放到句首翻译。
副词插入语：frankly, especially, fortunately, indeed, however…
短语插入语：generally speaking（总的来说）, to tell the truth（老实说）, in a sense（在某种意义上讲）, in a word（总而言之）, strange to say（说来奇怪）, to some extent（从一定程度上讲）…
具体要根据各成分的修饰关系而定。
The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.（2015年真题）
人生中几乎不可能不经历某种失败。那些经历过失 败的人可能活得很谨慎，以致于一事无成。
准确、完整、通顺
完整——不漏译
The growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect. 与日俱增的虐待儿童和忽视儿童事件
准确、完整、通顺
通顺——说人话，符合汉语表达习惯
研究健康和身体如何吸收并利用食物成分之间的关 系的学科被称为临床营养学，它的历史可以被分为 四个不同的阶段。
方法总结：将同位语提前翻译，作为定语修饰被修 饰的名词，可视具体情况增译
另译：临床医药学研究……
插入语
插入语的作用：为了增加句子表达的多样性，在英语 中任何成分（词/短语/句子）都可以用两个逗号或者破 折号隔开成为插入成分。
后置定语
（3）现在分词短语 A leaf floating in the wind 飘在风中的一片叶子 （4）过去分词短语 The meeting held last month 上个月举办的会议 （5）动词不定式短语 A way to solve the problem 解决问题的一个方式
副词插入语：frankly, especially, fortunately, indeed, however…
短语插入语：generally speaking（总的来说）, to tell the truth（老实说）, in a sense（在某种意义上讲）, in a word（总而言之）, strange to say（说来奇怪）, to some extent（从一定程度上讲）…
具体要根据各成分的修饰关系而定。
The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.（2015年真题）
人生中几乎不可能不经历某种失败。那些经历过失 败的人可能活得很谨慎，以致于一事无成。
准确、完整、通顺
完整——不漏译
The growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect. 与日俱增的虐待儿童和忽视儿童事件
准确、完整、通顺
通顺——说人话，符合汉语表达习惯
研究健康和身体如何吸收并利用食物成分之间的关 系的学科被称为临床营养学，它的历史可以被分为 四个不同的阶段。
方法总结：将同位语提前翻译，作为定语修饰被修 饰的名词，可视具体情况增译
另译：临床医药学研究……
插入语
插入语的作用：为了增加句子表达的多样性，在英语 中任何成分（词/短语/句子）都可以用两个逗号或者破 折号隔开成为插入成分。
后置定语
（3）现在分词短语 A leaf floating in the wind 飘在风中的一片叶子 （4）过去分词短语 The meeting held last month 上个月举办的会议 （5）动词不定式短语 A way to solve the problem 解决问题的一个方式
考研英语翻译2ppt课件
eg. A: Will you attend the meeting this afternoon? 你参加今天下午的会吗？ B: Will a duck swim? 我一定去。
考验翻译可以提高的三大特点 (1) 考点固定 (2) 技巧有限 (3) 文章体裁固定
有利点：考研翻译判分为分段判分
词义的选择和引申见讲义23页
翻译的三大译法： 一、直译 按原文翻译（literary translation）
eg. Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。 to add fuel to the fire 火上浇油。
二、意译 (free translation) 完全抛开原句的句子结构去翻译
World War II was, however, more complex than World War Ⅰ, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories. 译文：第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、 资源和领土的冲突，而第二次世界大战却比第一次复 杂。（非限制性定语从句前置） In such an experiment the insects can be taught to fly to the ultra-violet,which for us is just darkness. 译文：在这样的实验中，能够训练昆虫飞向紫外线， 而紫外线对我们来说只是一片黑暗。（非限制性定语 从句后置，重复先行词）
It is he who received the letter that announced the death of his uncle. 译文：是他接到了那封信，说他的叔叔去世了。（限 制性定语从句，后置省略先行词） I told the story to John,who told it to his brother. 译文：我把这件事情告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的 弟弟。（非限制性定语从句后置处理成并列分句,重复 先行词“约翰”） Christmas carols are loved by all who hear and sing it every year. 译文：圣诞颂歌为大家喜爱，人们每年都欣赏和演唱。 （非限制性定语从句后置处理成并列分句,重复先行词 “人们”）
考验翻译可以提高的三大特点 (1) 考点固定 (2) 技巧有限 (3) 文章体裁固定
有利点：考研翻译判分为分段判分
词义的选择和引申见讲义23页
翻译的三大译法： 一、直译 按原文翻译（literary translation）
eg. Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。 to add fuel to the fire 火上浇油。
二、意译 (free translation) 完全抛开原句的句子结构去翻译
World War II was, however, more complex than World War Ⅰ, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories. 译文：第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场、 资源和领土的冲突，而第二次世界大战却比第一次复 杂。（非限制性定语从句前置） In such an experiment the insects can be taught to fly to the ultra-violet,which for us is just darkness. 译文：在这样的实验中，能够训练昆虫飞向紫外线， 而紫外线对我们来说只是一片黑暗。（非限制性定语 从句后置，重复先行词）
It is he who received the letter that announced the death of his uncle. 译文：是他接到了那封信，说他的叔叔去世了。（限 制性定语从句，后置省略先行词） I told the story to John,who told it to his brother. 译文：我把这件事情告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的 弟弟。（非限制性定语从句后置处理成并列分句,重复 先行词“约翰”） Christmas carols are loved by all who hear and sing it every year. 译文：圣诞颂歌为大家喜爱，人们每年都欣赏和演唱。 （非限制性定语从句后置处理成并列分句,重复先行词 “人们”）
研究生英语翻译课件
研究生英语翻译课件Translation Course1 brief self-introduction2 about this course3 requirements for this course4 about the examChapter One Translation theoriesSection One Definition(s) and Classification of Translation 1 definition(s)2 functions3 classifications4 two most influential trans theories:(1)Nida: functional\dynamic equivalence1)expressive; 2)informative; 3)cognitive; 4)interpersonal;5)imperative; 6)emotive; 7)performative; 8)aesthetic;9)metalingual(2)Newmark: semantic trans(author-centered) & communicative trans(reader-centered)Section Two Trans Standards & PrinciplesIn the West:1 three principles proposed by Tytler:a) A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work;b) The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original;c) A translation should have all the ease of the original composition.2 equivalent value\effectIn China:1 道安：严格的直译；(literal translation)2 玄奘：既须求真，又须喻俗；(free translation)3 严复：信、达、雅；(faithfulness; expressiveness; elegance)4 鲁迅：忠实、通顺；5 傅雷：神似；(spiritual conformity)6 钱钟书：化境。
考研英语翻译真题解析ppt课件
49. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of the native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason。
病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能 ，破坏 机体内 环境的 相对稳 定性， 且在一 定部位 生长繁 殖，引 起不同 程度的 病理生 理过程
46.Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them。
【参考译文】 科学家们提出一些明显站不住脚的证据
迅速来拯救（鸟类），其大意是：如果鸟类 无法控制害虫，那么这些害虫就会吃光我们 人类。
病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能 ，破坏 机体内 环境的 相对稳 定性， 且在一 定部位 生长繁 殖，引 起不同 程度的 病理生 理过程
47. But we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of ecnomic advantage to us。
【词汇理解】
foestry林业;ecologically(从生态上 来说)，advanced(先进的，发达的)，be recognized as(看作是)，native forest community(原始森林群落)，as such(类似地，这样地)within reason(合理范围内)。
病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能 ，破坏 机体内 环境的 相对稳 定性， 且在一 定部位 生长繁 殖，引 起不同 程度的 病理生 理过程
46.Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them。
【参考译文】 科学家们提出一些明显站不住脚的证据
迅速来拯救（鸟类），其大意是：如果鸟类 无法控制害虫，那么这些害虫就会吃光我们 人类。
病原体侵入机体，消弱机体防御机能 ，破坏 机体内 环境的 相对稳 定性， 且在一 定部位 生长繁 殖，引 起不同 程度的 病理生 理过程
47. But we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of ecnomic advantage to us。
【词汇理解】
foestry林业;ecologically(从生态上 来说)，advanced(先进的，发达的)，be recognized as(看作是)，native forest community(原始森林群落)，as such(类似地，这样地)within reason(合理范围内)。
考研英语一翻译ppt课件
分句处理二 and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.
在本句中，of exploitation和“of the superiority … and the inferiority …”是并列关系，都作后置定语来修饰 rationalization
严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活 动报批 制度等 相关规 章制度 。做到 及时发 现、制 止、汇 报并处 理各类 违纪行 为或突 发事件 。
and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.
虽然我们可能仅仅通过意识即可保持这种控制的错 觉”。
严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活 动报批 制度等 相关规 章制度 。做到 及时发 现、制 止、汇 报并处 理各类 违纪行 为或突 发事件 。
分句处理二
question “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?” 紧跟在question后的问句事实上是question的同位语从句。
分句处理一 ① while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone While： 引导让步状语从句，可以译为“尽管……”。 sustain： 表示“维持，保持” the illusion of control ： 表示“控制的错觉” through ： “通过，凭借”状语部分前置，以符合汉语表达习惯。
在本句中，of exploitation和“of the superiority … and the inferiority …”是并列关系，都作后置定语来修饰 rationalization
严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活 动报批 制度等 相关规 章制度 。做到 及时发 现、制 止、汇 报并处 理各类 违纪行 为或突 发事件 。
and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.
虽然我们可能仅仅通过意识即可保持这种控制的错 觉”。
严格执行突发事件上报制度、校外活 动报批 制度等 相关规 章制度 。做到 及时发 现、制 止、汇 报并处 理各类 违纪行 为或突 发事件 。
分句处理二
question “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?” 紧跟在question后的问句事实上是question的同位语从句。
分句处理一 ① while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone While： 引导让步状语从句，可以译为“尽管……”。 sustain： 表示“维持，保持” the illusion of control ： 表示“控制的错觉” through ： “通过，凭借”状语部分前置，以符合汉语表达习惯。
考研英语二翻译课件
考研英语二翻译课件Passage 11生词Investment投资Investor投资者Be incapable of doing sth 不能够做某事、无法做某事Currency 货币Slow 下滑---rise增长Weight 高点the Federal Reserve 美联储jointly intervene to do sth 联手干预某事prop up支持the European currency= the euro欧元looking sickly 显得疲软theories 说法the European Central Bank= the ECB欧洲中央银行the euro-area economies欧元区经济are immune to sth对..免疫fighting inflation克服通货膨胀supporting growth支持经济增长plausible explanation合理的解释in and uncertain global economic climate在全球经济不稳定的情况下has resumed its traditional role as a safe-heaven currency重新获得了安全货币的传统角色reckon that认为is undervalued被低估a rebound 反弹optimistic乐观的predicting a rate预测汇率二、长难句解析1. International investors seem incapable of ending their love affair with the dollar.国际投资者们似乎无法舍弃他们对美元的偏爱。
2.America’s economy has slowed sharply this year, yet its currencyhas risen to a 15-year high in trade-weighted terms.本年度，美国的经济已急剧下滑，然而，美元却增长到了15年来的高点。
考研英语翻译技巧ppt课件
• 内科医生由于无力治愈癌症而感到挫败，并且担心病人失 去希望，往往提出一些过于积极的治疗，远远超出科学的 合理范围。
• The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.
• 随着美国房价下跌，业主负担不起不断上升的利率，越来 越多的人断供，引发了次贷危机。次贷危机显示这些值得 尊敬的华尔街公司并不完美。
• Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move.
• 一些当地餐馆在广东人的婚礼上提供经典的九道菜 筵席，鱼翅传统上就在其中。保护组织已经游说这 些餐馆为新人提供一份没有鱼翅的菜单。
• But the fact that the answers to America's racial problems now lie in a more vibrant economy and the nitty gritty of politics and policing is itself a form of progress.
• 有些人不了解必须通过动物试验才能研究出这些疗
• The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.
• 随着美国房价下跌，业主负担不起不断上升的利率，越来 越多的人断供，引发了次贷危机。次贷危机显示这些值得 尊敬的华尔街公司并不完美。
• Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move.
• 一些当地餐馆在广东人的婚礼上提供经典的九道菜 筵席，鱼翅传统上就在其中。保护组织已经游说这 些餐馆为新人提供一份没有鱼翅的菜单。
• But the fact that the answers to America's racial problems now lie in a more vibrant economy and the nitty gritty of politics and policing is itself a form of progress.
• 有些人不了解必须通过动物试验才能研究出这些疗
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►the specific demands that a government want to make of its scientific establishment
►special – define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic（苏格 拉底）way about moral problems.
►1996-2 This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government want to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
►reporter
►have a good command of a language or a skill
►optimistic – pessimistic
►1996-5 New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have arisen in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.
►1994-4 Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.
►I was cooking when he knocked at the door.
►coin ►straw
►I am aware of the fact that he is wrong.
►This is the fact that I am aware of the fact.
►several governments came to the conclusion that ……
►1) Woman without her man is nothing.
► Woman, without her man, is nothing.
► Woman！Without her, man is nothing.
►2) The true joy of joys is the joy that joys in the joy of others.
accidents. Traffic accidents arise from
carelessness. lead to – / A results in B. B results from A. contribute to – attribute to
►linguistics ►linguist ►prescriptive ►descriptive ►scandal ►philosophy ►psychology ►anthropology
►2002-5 Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem.
Translation
►develop an idea
►He was more likely to be tired from writing than from traveling.
►You look charming when you are seen walking in the street.
►A as well as B ►as they did ►as they have done ►as they have arisen
►A of B ►a piece of bread ►A of B of C
rise n. vi. raise vt.: raise my hand arouse my interest / my curiosity arise Carelessness gives rise to traffic
►individualism – collectivism ►intellect – intellectual; elite ►intelligence
►regard A as B ►consider A as B ►treat A as B ►view A as B ►look on A as B ►think of A as B ►refer to A as B ►elect A as B, choose A as B ►define A as B
►We do A and B.
►2007-4 In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
►special – define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic（苏格 拉底）way about moral problems.
►1996-2 This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government want to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
►reporter
►have a good command of a language or a skill
►optimistic – pessimistic
►1996-5 New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have arisen in the past, giving rise to new standards of elegance.
►1994-4 Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the earth.
►I was cooking when he knocked at the door.
►coin ►straw
►I am aware of the fact that he is wrong.
►This is the fact that I am aware of the fact.
►several governments came to the conclusion that ……
►1) Woman without her man is nothing.
► Woman, without her man, is nothing.
► Woman！Without her, man is nothing.
►2) The true joy of joys is the joy that joys in the joy of others.
accidents. Traffic accidents arise from
carelessness. lead to – / A results in B. B results from A. contribute to – attribute to
►linguistics ►linguist ►prescriptive ►descriptive ►scandal ►philosophy ►psychology ►anthropology
►2002-5 Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem.
Translation
►develop an idea
►He was more likely to be tired from writing than from traveling.
►You look charming when you are seen walking in the street.
►A as well as B ►as they did ►as they have done ►as they have arisen
►A of B ►a piece of bread ►A of B of C
rise n. vi. raise vt.: raise my hand arouse my interest / my curiosity arise Carelessness gives rise to traffic
►individualism – collectivism ►intellect – intellectual; elite ►intelligence
►regard A as B ►consider A as B ►treat A as B ►view A as B ►look on A as B ►think of A as B ►refer to A as B ►elect A as B, choose A as B ►define A as B
►We do A and B.
►2007-4 In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.