英语的科技论文常用句型结构 new
英语科技论文常用句式结构
Another typical example is …
Ⅸ 状态的转换或变化
change
transfer
convert … (变化前) to into … (变化后)
transform
translate
The silicon controlled rectifier is able to change
英语科技论文常用句型结构
1) 表达不同功能的常用句型 Ⅰ 定义
means… signifies… is considered to be… is taken to be …
The term superconductor
refers to…
In this article
In this paper
will be taken to mean … will be used in the … network
treated in this standard.
Although both the planer and the shaper are adapted
to the machining of flat surfaces, they differ widely in construction and in method of operation.
Iron unlike rubber, is a good conductor of electric
current.
C. 相当于
One turn of the hand-wheel is equivalent to 2 mm
stroke.
For finishing electrodes, the foil thickness
英文科技论文写作常用句式
英文科技论文写作常用句式Abstract:1、Introduction (Motivation/ purpose/goal/aim/objective/importance) (present tense)1）The aim of this paper is to assess the accuracy of steady-state scale-up for small-scale sedimentary structures.2） An important objective of these well-constrained experiments is to evaluate current theoretical models of PGE solubility.2、Scope/perspective (past/present tense)1）This study examined fecal coliform reduction in domestic wastewater after receiving treatment through a constructed open water wetland, a slow sand filter, and a portable ultraviolet disinfection unit.2） The scope of this study was to compare the behavior and character of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during soil-aquifer treatment at different field sites in Arizona and California.3、method/procedure/approach (past tense)1）In this study, a lab-scale aerobic biofilter-biotrickling tower system packed with particulate plastic media (1.5 cm, hexagon in shape) was used to treat the salty artificial wastewater polluted by mineral oil (diesel fuel) mixed with chemical dispersant (CPC OD-10) and inorganic nutrients. 2）It involved recycling a small portion of the primary sludge and then activating it to enhance its biosorptive and flocculent properties through 30-min aeration. The aerated sludge was then brought into contact with raw sewage to induce rapid biosorption of soluble COD and flocculation of colloidal organic before the mixture was settled in a regular primary clarifier.4、Results/findings/products (past tense)e.g. Three granitoid magmatic events were identified at 815 Ma, 700-730Ma, and 620-625Ma, which were marked by emplacement of the calc-alkaline Ujjukka granite and granodiorite, the anatectic Suqii-Wagga two-mica granite and the Guttin K-feldspar megacrystic granite, and the anorogenic Ganjii monzogranite, respectively.5、Discussion/Conclusions (present/past tense)e.g. The results showed that under traction free conditions subsidence was athree-dimensional problem and one-dimensional subsidence models tended to focus excessive amounts of vertical deformation near the pumped well. The magnitude of vertical deformation in one-dimensional subsidence models was exacerbated as the grid size became smaller in the vicinity of the pumping well. This was due to increased calculated drawdown in the vicinity of the well for more finely-spaced grids.6、Implications/applications (present tense)e.g. Our experimental results are directly applicable to porphyry coppersystems because in such systems temperature, PH, salinity and oxygen英文科技论文写作常用句式fugacity are similar to the experimental parameters. Application of our experimental results indicate that a typical porphyry systems can transport at least 40 tons of Pd if sources of platinum group elements (PGE) are available and the solubility-controlling phase is metallic Pd.7、limitations and suggestions for further studies (past/present tense for limitations, present/future tense for suggestions)e.g. 1) This study suggests that in order to achieve the highest treatmentlevel of secondary unchlorinated wastewater, a combination of aquaticponds and subsurface flow wetlands may be necessary.2) In general, source water quality, drinking water and wastewatertreatment should be viewed as one system in indirect potable re-use projects.3) However, because constructed wetlands, besides the water qualityimprovement function, perform a multitude of other functions such asbiodiversity, habitat, climatic, hydrological and public use functions, methodologies need to be developed to evaluate these functions and toweigh them in relation to the water quality issue.Structure of an Abstract：1、The first sentence in the Abstract:♦The purpose of this research is…♦The primary goal of this research is…♦The intention of this paper is to survey…♦The overall objective of thi s study is…♦The chief aim of the present work is to investigate…♦The purpose of this paper is to explain why…♦The primary object of this fundamental research is to reveal…♦The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain…♦The experiment made here is aimed at …♦The emphasis of this study lies in…♦The problem we have outlined here deals largely with the study of…♦This study examined…. (past tense)2、The next sentences：♦The method used in the study was…♦The technique applied is referred to as…♦The procedure was as follows…♦The approach adopted extensively is called…♦The experiment consisted of three steps:…♦Included in the experiment were…♦The test equipment which was used consisted of…♦Several sets of experiments were carried out to test the validity of…♦This formula is verified by…3、The ending part of an abstract：♦The results of the experiment indicated that …♦The studies showed that…♦The studies we carried out demonstrated that…♦The research suggested that…♦The investigation carried out by… revealed that…♦All the preliminary results threw light on …♦As a result of our experiments, we concluded that…♦From the experiments, we realized that…♦This fruitful work provided explanation to …♦The research work brought about a discovery of…♦These findings of the research led the author to the conclusion that…4、The last sentences:♦…should be further studied in relation to ...♦…should do…♦Further research into…is necessary.♦Further study should be made in relation to…♦Further investigation into…is needed.Introduction：Step 1: the nature and scope of the problem investigated. interest or importance, many other investigators active in the area.♦Recently, there has been a spate of interest in how to…♦In recent years, applied researchers have become increasingly in terested in…♦Recently, there has been wide interest in…♦The well-known…phenomena…have been favorite topics for analysis both in…♦Knowledge of …has a great importance for…♦The study of …has become an important aspect of…♦The effect of …has been studied exte nsively in recent years.♦Many investigators have recently turned to…♦The relationship between …has been studied by many authors.♦ A central issue in…is the validity of…Step 2: making a topic generalization.statements about knowledge or practice:♦The pathology of… is well known.♦There is now much evidence to support the hypothesis that…♦The …properties of …are still not completely understood.♦ A standard procedure for assessing has been…♦Education core courses are often criticized for…phenomena:♦…is a common finding in patients with…♦An elaborate system of…is found in the …♦English is rich in related words exhibiting “stress shifts”.♦There are many situations where examination scripts are marked and then re-marked by another examiner.Step3:Discuss the relevant primary research literature (with citations) and summarizing our current understanding of the problem you are investigating.Examples of integral citation forms（直接引用方式）:♦Halliday (2008) showed that the moon is …..♦Halliday’s theory (2008) claim s that …...♦Halliday’s (2008) theory of lunar composition has general support.♦According to Halliday (2008), the moon is…...Examples of indirect citation forms（间接引用方式）:♦Previous research has shown that the moon is …..(Brie, 1988).♦It has been shown that the moon is made of cheese (Brie, 1988).♦It has been established that the moon is made of cheese (Brie, 1988).♦The moon is probably made of cheese (Brie, 1988).♦The moon may be made of cheese (cf. Rock, 1989).Step4:Indicate a gap.♦No research has been don e on …♦Little effort has been spent on the study of…♦(Very) few researchers have investigated…♦The nature of…is overlooked.♦Researchers have failed to notice that…♦The result is misleading/questionable/inconclusive/limited.♦The result of…has several limita tions.♦The research can rarely cover…Step5: State the purpose♦The purpose of this study was to....♦We investigated three possible mechanisms to explain the ...(1) …….(2) …….♦This paper reports on the results obtained…♦The aim of the present paper is to give…♦The main purpose of the experiment reported here was to…♦This study was designed to evaluate…♦This paper aims to report the interaction of…Step6: rationale and approachFor example: State briefly how you approached the problem (e.g., you studied oxidative respiration pathways in isolated mitochondria of cauliflower). This will usually follow your statement of purpose in the last paragraph of the Introduction.Step7: the arrangement of the writing at the end of the Introduction.●This paper is divid ed into five major sections: Section one opens with….Section two presents…Section three deals with… Section Four reveals…Section five concludes the paper.●We have organized the rest of this paper in the following way…●This paper is structured as follow s…●The remainder of this paper is divided into five sections. Section IIdescribes…Materials and Methods1.… (method) was used to do….2.The study used/made use of/employed the method that….3.描述方法过程的连接词：and/and then/then/next/the next step/before that/after that.Conclusion or Discussion：•Based on the above discussion, the following conclusion can be made that …•From .., it can be concluded that…•In conclusion, the result shows that…•These findings of the research led to the conclusion that..•To sum up, t he research/this study reveals that…•In summary, the result of the experiment demonstrates that…•As a result of our experiments we concluded that…The results：•The data of the experiment are briefly summarized as follows.•Figure 4 shows the results of the study.•Table 6 presents the data obtained in the experiment.•This table summarizes the data collected in this study.•The findings of this study are summarized/listed in Table 7.•The outcome of the experiment is reported in the following table.ABSTRACTProcessing AIT logging information can get more accurate layer real resistivity and mud invasion depth and section. AIT results help to differentiate layer infiltration ability and fluid type, the calculation of mud invasion depth can instruct the level of oil reservoir to be polluted by well drilling directly and offer reference basis for the following work. The development of AIT offers new method to differentiate oil reservoir mud invade and thin layer and means and condition for establishing the explainable method of complex oil reservoir and raising the appraisement precision. This paper studied AIT principle and explainable method as well as contrast aspect with conventional induction resistivity. This paper presents some application examples of Huabei oilfield logging series optimization technology.Subject Terms：AIT logging contrast the method based of radial resistive rateInvasion thin layer apply1. 油集团从油田勘探开发的瓶颈问题入手，研究出一套较高勘探程度富油气凹陷的精细勘探方法，提出并实践了适合该区地质特点的勘探开发一体化地质研究与管理模式。
科技论文的常用句型与写作要点
科技论文的常用句型与写作要点科技论文是学术交流和研究成果发布的重要形式之一，对于科学研究人员而言，掌握科技论文的常用句型和写作要点是提高论文质量和影响力的关键。
本文将介绍一些常用的科技论文句型，并分享一些写作要点，帮助科研人员写出更加精彩和专业的科技论文。
一、常用句型1.表达引言和目的：–In recent years, there has been growing interest in…–The purpose of this study is to…–This paper aims to…–The intention of this research is to…这些句型常用于引出研究的背景和目的，为读者提供对研究主题的整体认识。
2.阐述问题：–One of the key research questions is…–The main problem addressed in this study is…– A major challenge in this field is…这些句型用于明确和阐述研究中需要解决的问题和挑战，引起读者的兴趣。
3.描述方法和实验过程：–The research was conducted using a quantitative/qualitative approach.–The experimental setup consisted of…–Data collection was performed through…在描述研究方法和实验过程时，可以使用这些句型来说明研究使用的方法和实验设计的细节。
4.呈现结果和数据分析：–The results of the study indicate…–The data analysis revealed that…–From the findings, it can be concluded that…通过使用这些句型，可以简明扼要地呈现研究的结果和对数据的分析。
科技论文的常用句型与写作要点
科技论文的常用句型与写作要点科技论文的常用句型与写作要点在撰写科技论文时，合理的句型和写作要点能够使文章更加准确清晰地传递信息。
下面是一些常用的句型和写作要点，希望能对你的科技论文写作有所帮助。
一、引言部分1. 开篇引出研究主题- Nowadays, with the rapid development of technology, the issue of [研究主题] has gained significant attention.- In recent years, [研究主题] has become an important topic in the field of [相关领域].- The study of [研究主题] has attracted growing interest in both academia and industry.- The purpose of this paper is to investigate [研究主题] and propose a novel approach to address this problem.2. 简述研究现状和研究意义- Previous studies have shown that [现有研究结果].- However, there are still some unresolved issues in this area, including [未解决问题].- Therefore, it is necessary to further explore [研究主题].- The findings of this study will contribute to our understanding of [研究主题] and provide practical guidance for [相关领域].二、方法部分1. 描述研究对象- The samples used in this study were [样本来源和特点].- In order to achieve a representative sample, we selected [选择方法].- The data was collected from [数据来源] and verified by [其他数据].2. 介绍研究设计- This study adopts a [研究设计] approach.- A combination of [多个方法] was used to analyze the data.- We conducted a series of experiments to test the hypothesis.3. 讨论研究结果- The results indicate that [结果].- Our findings suggest that [发现].- It can be concluded that [总结].- The results are consistent with previous studies, which support the validity of our hypothesis.三、讨论部分1. 解释研究结果- The observed differences can be attributed to [解释原因].- It is likely that [可能原因].- The variation in [结果] may be due to [原因].- These findings provide evidence for [研究结论].2. 探讨研究局限性- One limitation of this study is that [局限性].- The sample size was relatively small, which may affect the generalizability of the findings.- Future research should consider [应注意问题].3. 提出研究建议- Future studies should focus on [进一步研究方向].- It is recommended that [建议].- More research is needed to explore the impact of [研究主题] on [相关领域].- Practical implications and potential applications of the findings should also be considered.四、结论部分1. 简述研究成果- In summary, this study has provided valuable insights into [研究主题].- The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of [研究主题].- These results have important implications for [相关领域].2. 总结研究贡献- This study has advanced the knowledge in [相关领域].- The methodology and findings of this study can be applied in [其他领域].- The results of this study fill a gap in the literature and provide afoundation for future research.3. 展望未来研究方向- Future research should focus on [发展方向].- It is recommended to explore [进一步研究内容].- Further investigation is needed to address [相关问题].总之，科技论文的写作要点包括明确引出研究主题、描述研究方法、讨论研究结果和提出研究建议。
英语作文模板科技万能句型
英语作文模板科技万能句型Technology Universal Sentence Patterns。
With the rapid development of technology, it has become an indispensable part of our daily lives. In this article, we will explore the various sentence patterns that can be used to discuss technology in a comprehensive and effective manner.First and foremost, technology has revolutionized the way we communicate. With the advent of social media platforms and messaging apps, people can now connect with each other instantly, regardless of their geographical location. This has led to a significant increase in the speed and efficiency of communication, making it easier for individuals to stay in touch with friends, family, and colleagues.In addition, technology has greatly impacted the way we access information. The internet has become a vast repository of knowledge, allowing people to easily search for and retrieve information on any topic of interest. This has democratized access to information, making it available to a wider audience and empowering individuals to educate themselves on a variety of subjects.Furthermore, technology has transformed the way we work and do business. The rise of digital tools and platforms has enabled remote work, making it possible for individuals to collaborate and conduct business from anywhere in the world. This has increased flexibility and productivity in the workplace, and has also opened up new opportunities for entrepreneurship and innovation.Moreover, technology has revolutionized the way we entertain ourselves. From streaming services to virtual reality experiences, there are now countless ways to consume entertainment content. This has led to a shift in the way we experience and interact with media, as well as a proliferation of new forms of entertainment.Additionally, technology has had a profound impact on healthcare. From telemedicine to wearable health monitoring devices, there are now numerous ways in which technology is being used to improve healthcare outcomes. This has led to greateraccessibility and efficiency in healthcare delivery, as well as new opportunities for personalized medicine.Furthermore, technology has transformed the way we travel and explore the world. From online booking platforms to navigation apps, technology has made it easier for people to plan and navigate their travels. This has led to an increase in the convenience and accessibility of travel, as well as new opportunities for cultural exchange and understanding.In conclusion, technology has become an integral part of our lives, impacting the way we communicate, access information, work, entertain ourselves, and even take care of our health. By utilizing the various sentence patterns discussed in this article, we can effectively discuss and analyze the multifaceted impact of technology on our lives. As technology continues to evolve, it is important to remain cognizant of its implications and to adapt our communication accordingly.。
科技英语写作句型
科技英语写作句型科技英语写作句型科技类英语作文一般针对他的现状和未来影响描写，下面是店铺分享的科技英语写作句型，希望能帮到大家!句型1)对……产生很大影响: have a great effect on(2)起很大作用：make a great difference(3)改变人们的生活：change one’s life(4)得益于、从……获益benefit from(5)与……有关联：relate to/ be linked to(6)能使用：have access to/ be accessible to(7)代替：take the place of(8)致力于：devote oneself to(9)实现：come true(10)赶上：keep/catch up with(11)与……不同：be different from/differ from(12)使某人能做：enable sb to do sth(13)把……考虑进去：take something into consideration(14)引起某人的注意：catch/attract the attention of sb(15)导致：lead to/contribute to/result in/ bring about(16)在某方面起重要的作用：play an important role in(17)提高人类的生活质量：improve the quality of life for humans(18)为治疗疾病而进行一项研究：carry out a research in the hope of curing the illnesses(19)科学技术是第一生产力。
Science and technology are a primary productive force.(20)随着互联网、个人电脑、3G手机的日益普及，我们的生活发生了巨大的变化或我们的生活精彩无限。
科技英语一些常用的结构及表达
科技英语一些常用的结构及表达在科技文章中，要对概念或术语下定义时，我们常用以下短语：一、be/(can)be defined as表示“是”或“被称为，定义为”的意思，其结构可以是：1 术语+be或(can)be defined as+名词，例如：Energy is usually defined as the ability to do work.能量通常定义为做功的本领。
A computer is a machine that process data into information.计算机是一种将数据处理为信息的机器。
These laws are defined as Newton’s laws of motion.这些定律被定义为牛顿运动定律。
2 术语+be或(can)be defined as+名词+used for doing sth/used to do sth/定语从句或分词例如：I/O devices are units to either input data or output information.输入/输出设备是用于输入数据或输出信息的设备。
Transistors are devices performing many kinds of functions in electronic equipments.晶体管是在电子设备中执行多种功能的器件。
A capacitor is defined as the device where electricity is stored in.电容器被称是一种存储电力的器件。
二、在科技文章中，有时对概念或术语不必要给出严格定义，只需从某种角度给以解释时，我们常用的词或短语是：mean, by...we mean, in other words, be termed, be called, be named, be consider as, be known as, refer to…as…, be regarded as, be thought of 等。
科技论文写作常用句型
科技论文写作常用句型1.摘要（1）文章内容与作者观点•常用词：deal with ,describe ,explain ,illustrate(vt) ,introduce ,present ,report等。
•例句：The basic concepts and data collected are presented.给出了基本概念和所采集的数据。
（2）文章研究课题：•常用词: analyze(vt),consider ,develop ,discuss ,investigate(调查研究) ,state ,study等。
•例句:The relationship between mass(质量) and energy in nature is discussed briefly.简要地讨论自然界中质量与能量的关系。
（3）文章涉及范围•常用词：consist of ,contain ,cover ,include 等。
•例句：This article consists of four parts : introduction，theory ,experimental method ,and conclusion.本文由引言、理论、实践方法与结论四部分组成。
（4）综述某一个领域的研究课题。
•常用词：abstract ,outline ,review ,summarize 等。
•例句: The theory based on materials science is summarized briefly.简单概述了基于材料科学的理论。
（5）文章重点：•常用句型： Attention i s concentrated on …T here is a focus on …A ttention is paid to …T he emphasis is on …•例句：Attention is concentrated on grasping the quantum theory.重点在掌握量子理论上。
英文学术论文写作常用句型
一、~~~ the + ~ est + 名词+ (that) + 主词+ have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)~~~ the most + 形容词+ 名词+ (that) + 主词+ have ever + seen ( known/heard/had/read, etc)Lack of interpersonal skills is one of the most serious defects that we have ever kn own about today’s college stude nts.缺乏人际交往技能是我们迄今所知的当今大学生的最大缺陷。
二、Nothing is + ~~~ er than to + VNothing is + more + 形容词+ than to + V例句：For parents, nothing is more important than to educate children in a proper way.没有比以一种正确方式教育孩子更重要的事情了。
三、~~~ cannot emphasize the importance of ~~~ too much.（再怎么强调...的重要性也不为过。
）例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting celebrities’ privacy too much.我们再怎么强调保护名人隐私的也不为过。
四、There is no denying that + S + V ...（不可否认的...）例句：There is no denying that the practical ity of our higher education has gone from bad to worse.不可否认的，我们高等教育的实用性已经每况愈下。
科技论文中常用的句式
一、提出观点：主观角度：1) we confirm（确认、证实）that ：表示不是本文最新提出的2) we believe that：自信的观点不是本文最新提出的一般不用以上两种3) results + indicate thatInfer thatSuggest thatImply that4) we + put forwordDiscoverObserve千万不要加for the first time5）表示不太肯定，倾向于we tentatively（暂时地；试验性地）put forward thatThe results may be due toThis is probably a consequence ofIt seems that *** can account for （对…负有责任；对…做出解释；说明……的原因）thisIt is possible that it stems from（起源于，比较地道）其中possible不建议使用以上：文中全用1）没创新；全用5）不确定；全用2）则会被拒二、逻辑性连接词：however，提出其他观点：also，in addition表结果：consequently，递进：afterwards（后来）, moreover, further/furthermore转折：although、in contrast、similarly、alternatively因此：therefore除此之外：despite时间顺序：如：AA advocated it for the first time, then BB furthermore demonstrate that…., afterwords, CC …..More recent studies by DD….AA提出，BB提出：AA put forward that …. In contrast, BB believe that ….unlike AA/on the contrary.AA put forward that … similarly, BB believe that …alternativelyalso句子间用：firstly,…secondly….三、其他1. 第一次缩写，必须要写说明：如CSP for short…，或者we present a new mobility model, called Selfsimilar Least-Action Walk (SLAW),不要全盘否定前人成果（即使认为不对），不要说their results are wrong或者very questionable 或has no commonsense可以说their studies may be more reasonable if they had….Considered this situation….their results could better convinced that …their conclusion may remain some uncertains…2. 不是综述不写future work提别人的错误，用在讨论中比较提自己的不足：1) it should be noted that this study has research/focus on only…2)Some limitation of this study are …We have pointed that ..上述两种说法指出文章的片面性提出不足后，要能转回来，否则不提：1)the results do not imply…2)the results can not be used to determine …3)unfortunately, we can not determine this from this data4)our results are lack of …转回来：Not withstanding its limitation, this study does suggest….(解决不了)Not withstanding：虽然However，these problems can be solved if….3. 参考文献尽量新，写审稿人、权威作者的文献尽量不写et al. 两个作者一定都要写，写页数，加上自己的论文。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
英语科技论文常用句型结构1. Introduction(引言):引言中作者通常提出问题并说明论文的研究目的。
1）研究目的（1）论文导向使用paper, thesis或dissertation这样的特征名词，直接提及研究论文本身，而且此类句子通常采用一般现在时态。
常用的句型有：The purpose of this paper is…/The aim of this report is…/The objective of the paper is to obtain quantitative about the particles size distribution/to model the dynamic behavior in the super-or near-critical CO2 extraction.（2）研究导向 study, research, investigation或experiment 等特征名词被用来强调研究活动本身。
这类句子是表达已经过去的事情，所以使用一般过去时态。
The purpose of the experiment reported here was…/The aim of this study was…/The objective of this research was to determine the preferred viewing distance for work at a visual display unit./to examine the apparent osmotic behavior of some contemporary commercial reverse osmosis membranes.或用被动结构：In the research described here, /In this study, /In the present investigation, /In this research, /In theexperiments reported here, vertical nutrient mixing in late summer in a test area 20 kilometers off the coast was examined.描述研究目的时，最简单的句型是用this paper, this study, this project, this research等词做主语，后面用实意动词作谓语，如investigate, discuss, examine, test等，宾语为研究内容。
即This paper/This study/This project/The present study/This research/Our project/This survey/This thesis concerns/tests/investigates/reports/discusses/describes/ex plains/calculates/examines/analyses/proposes/demonstrates/ evaluates/measures….2）研究价值Although much research has been devoted to A, /While much work has been done on A, /Although many studies have been published concerning A, / While many researchers have investigated A, /Although much literature is available on A, little research has been done on B. / little attention has been paid to B. /little information is available on B. / little work has been published on B. /few researchers have studied B. / few studies have investigated B.在这一步骤中，作者通过指明过去相关研究中尚未处理或解决的问题或所派生出的新问题，常用句型的时态是一般现在时和现在完成时。
2. Body （正文）1）theory base理论分析的常用句型在正文部分的假设、理论分析、数理模型的建立以及计算过程中，常常要推导并描述公式，作者应了解和掌握描述公式的基本句型。
科技论文理论分析部分中资料大部分表达数字与逻辑关系，句型使用一般现在时态。
Substituting M in/into N, we obtain/have/get ….Substituting M/Substitution of M in/into N gives/yields/ produces/ results in….Let us now consider the case: the dynamic link parameters are unknown.If m=1.2, then we have the following equations:….Given that m =1.2, we obtain….The equation for Aˊcan be written(expressed)as….The relationship between m and n is as follows:….A is inversely proportional to B, as shown below.If the same material is used, the above equation reduces to….We will now reduce Eq. (3) to a simpler form:….The mass velocity G is defined as.…We will now integrate Equation (2) in order to derive the solution.2) diagram图表文字说明中的常用句型在文字说明中，如果提及图表，表格用“Table+序号”表示，如“Table 1 shows…”。
其他各种类型的图都可以用“Figure+序号”表示，如“From Figure 2 we learn…”。
“Figure”这个词可以简缩为“Fig.”，但必须做到前后统一，如用缩写，便都用缩写。
动词要用一般现在时态。
常用动词有show, provide, give, present, summarize, illustrate, reveal, display, indicate, suggest 等。
例如：·Table 1 shows the majority of the participants have previous knowledge of the elements of a safe well.·Table 2 provides details of the test results.·Figure 4.2 gives the results of the experiment.·Both of these questions receive very high ratings (see Table1).·The results show that 92% used information on water testing in local news outlets (Figure2).动词的语态可以灵活使用，这样能使句型多样化，上述句型也可变为被动语态。
· As shown in Table 3, …· As can be seen from the data in Table 1, …· As described on page 24, …3）result介绍研究成果的常用句型（1）根据本人的研究结果做出推论。
These results suggest that untrained octopuses can learn a task more quickly by observing the behavior of another octopus than by reward-and-punishment methods.（2）作者解释研究结果或说明产生研究结果的原因。
These findings are understandable because the initial annealing temperature dictates the state of conformational structures.（3）作者对此次研究结果与其他研究者曾发生的结果作比较。
These results agree with Gerner’s analysis, in that Q max varies inversely with length and to the third power of the pipe width.The recognition rate of our system is significantly higher than that reported for Token’s system.（4）作者指出自己的理论模型是否与实验数据符合。
The measured temperatures along the heat pipe are all highly consistent with the predictions of the theoretical model.The experimental measurements are very close to the predicted values.·There is a high level of agreement between the theoretical predictions and the experimental data.从以上句型中可以看出学术论文在陈述研究成果时，通常使用一般现在时态。
当评论的内容为对研究结果可能的证明时，句子的主要动词之前通常加上may或can等一般现在时态的情态动词。