宾语从句三要素
宾从时态的三个原则

宾从时态的三个原则
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:
动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:连接词、语序和时态.
宾语从句的三个准则是
1、语序(陈述句语序)
2、引导词:
1 )陈述句变宾语从句引导词用 that(口语中可省略) ;
2)一般疑问句变宾语从句,引导词用if / whether是否;
3)特殊疑问句变宾语从句,原来的疑问词变引导词。
3、时态:
1)主语是一般现在时时,从句根据句意可用不同时态;
2)主语是一般过去时时,从句要用相应的过去时,除客观规律和客观真理外。
)
如
1.Jim says " I am a student."->
Jim says that he is a student.
2.He said to me " Are you doing your homework?"->
He asked me if/ whether I was doing my homework.
3.I want to know . Where is Kate ?->
I want to know where Kate is .。
三大从句之宾语从句

宾语从句:在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
通俗的说就是一个句子做另一个句子的宾语. 主要跟在及物动词和介词之后。
一般由“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”构成,其语序是陈述句语序。
如何判断:1.可以从整个句式看,宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
2.从引导词看。
if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,词义为“是否”,when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”。
3.从时态看。
if和when作连接词时,引导宾语从句要注意:从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。
所以宾语从句的三大要素:时态语序引导词前世今生:I know you . you are right.→I know you are right. /I know that you are right.⏹引导词✧that (后面是陈述句) I believe that you are an honest boy.✧what which who I don’t know what they are going to d o.what are they going to do?whose whom Tell me whose PSP it is.(whose PSP is it?)where when Can you tell me where he lives?where does he live?Why how I know why he was late. (why was he late?) (特殊疑问句)✧if / whether(一般疑问句/是否)I want to know if Miss Gao is back.Is Miss Gao back?✧另外,含how的词组也可引导宾语从句。
主要有how old,how many,how much,how long,howoften,how far等。
如:Do you know how old he is?⏹语序:宾语从句的连词后要用陈述句语序。
宾语从句3要素

宾语从句3要素宾语从句3要素:语序、引导词、时态。
1、语序宾语从句的语序都用陈述句语序,即正常的主谓语序,如果原句是疑问句改为宾语从句则应调整为陈述句语序。
I don’t know where he is now.我不知道他现在在哪。
2、引导词当宾语从句是由陈述句变化而来时,该从句通常由that引导。
此时that没有具体意义,口语中可以省略。
当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,用连词if或whether引导,意思为“是否”,表示选择。
注意:if和whether在引导宾语从句时,一般可以互换。
3、时态主句:一般现在时→从句:根据实际需要各种时态,如:She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.她说她从周一至周五上班。
(从句是一般现在时)主句:一般过去时→从句:相应的过去时态,如:He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他说昨天下午没有课。
(从句是一般过去时)注意:从句表示客观真理、自然现象、科学原理、格言等,从句动词的时态不变,仍用一般现在时。
He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声音传播得快。
拓展:一、宾语从句的含义宾语从句是名词性从句的一种,在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句;宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句以及形容词的宾语从句。
二、宾语从句的结构连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。
即:连接代词/副词+陈述句语序。
三、宾语从句的特点1、宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
2、宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
3、连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成分,多数情况下可以省略。
whether 和if 都可引导宾语从句,但whether后可紧跟or not;whether从句可作介词的宾语。
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素

学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:引导词、语序和时态。
一、引导词1.从句为陈述句,常选择引导词that或将that省略,直接与主句相连。
2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择引导词if或whether。
在whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。
3.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等疑问代词、疑问副词作引导词。
注意:当who为主语时,句式为:who+谓语+其他。
从句的引导词有很多,如:say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等。
二、判断时态情况1.主句是一般现在时,从句为各种时态。
2.主句是一般过去时,从句为各种相应过去时态。
注意:从句描绘客观事实,用一般现在时。
3.关系代词:that,who,whom,whose,which: 1. The teacher told the children that the sun____ round.was B. is C. were D. are2. I believe that our team____ the basketball match.win B. won C. will win D. wins答:1.B 2.C宾语从句用作宾语。
如:Do you know where he lives?定语从句相当于一个形容词,用于修饰前面的名词。
如:The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.This is the man whom he is looking for.三、宾语从句的用法1.that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。
但下列情况除外:①.介词宾语从句的that不能省略。
②. and连接的两个从句,两个从句的that不能省略。
宾语从句三要素口诀

宾语从句三要素是指引导、从句语序和时态变化。
它们有一定的规律,可以编成一个口诀,通过理解熟记,就可以解决绝大多数宾语从句的问题。
首先是引导连词的口诀:连词使用看从句,陈述用that可省略,特殊问句疑问词,一般疑问whether, if,能用whether不用if。
意思是说,从句用什么连词引导,主要看从句本身。
如果从句是陈述句,那么就用that引导从句,这里的that是可以省略的。
比如:I always think (that) I am a fool. 我一直觉得自己是一个笨蛋。
如果从句本身是一个特殊疑问句,那么就用特殊疑问句的疑问词引导从句,比如:He asked me why I regarded myself as a fool. 他问我为什么觉得自己是一个笨蛋。
如果从句是一般疑问句,就用if或whether来引导从句,比如:He asked me if(whether) I knew I am a fool. 他问我是否知道自己是一个笨蛋。
有一些情况下只能用whether,不能用if,比如whether后面可接不定式,if不行;whether可以和or not连用, if不行;从句作介词的宾语时,只能用whether;放在句首只能用whether等。
因此,最后一句是,能用whether不用if。
然后是语序的口诀,很简单,就一句话,从句语序用陈述。
就是说原来疑问句的倒装语序,除了疑问词仍保持在前面之外,都要改成陈述语序,一般疑问句就用whether或if引导。
前面的例子在这里也适合,这里就不再举例了。
最后是时态的口诀,主句现在从随便,主句过去从也过,客观事实一般现。
意思是说,当主句是一般现在时态时,从句可以用任何时态,虽然如此,也要符合语言背景,不可乱用。
如果主句是一般过去时态时,从句一般就要用过去时态。
当从句描述的是一个客观事实(或讲话的人觉得是客观事实)的时候,不管主句用什么时态,从句都要用一般现在时。
宾语从句教学

If/whether表“是否”,语序要用陈述句 主从句时态要一致
I wonder if Mr. Clark is satisfied children’s behaviour. with the
I wondered_____________________________________________ if Mr. Clark was satisfied with the children’s behaviour.
1.Can you see________? A. what he’s reading B. what is he reading C. what does he read D. he reads what 2.Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一个句子) Do you know_____Jack _____from Japan? 3._What did your son say in the letter? _He told me that he___ the Disney would the next day A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit 4.He didn’t know__________ A. what’s the matter B. what the matter is C. what was the matter D. what the matter was 5.Somebody called you just now, but I didn’t know____ A. who were they B. who they were C. who was it D. who it was 6.I want to know_____ A. what is his name B. what’s his name C. that his name is D. what his name is 7.---Could you tell me ___she is looking for? ---Her cousin , Susan. A . that B. whose C . who D. which 8.---What are you searching the Internet for? ---I’m trying to find out____. A. What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLU B. How many persons have died in Iraq C. How to protect our environment D. Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea 9.Do you know___________?(谁正在唱歌) 10.Do you know___________?(她正在和谁谈话) 11.Do you know___________?(昨天发生了什么事)
英语宾语从句

宾语从句宾语从句:用来做宾语的句子叫宾语从句。
连接词;宾语从句三要素时态;语序;1.连接词.1>连接词:用来连接主句与从句的词语叫连接词。
例如:that,if/whether等。
(1)t hat:that引导的宾语从句是由陈述句变来的,(that)在句中无实意,口语中常可以省略中。
例句:He told me(that) he would go to college the next year.他告诉我他明年上大学。
(2)i f/whether:if/whether引导的宾语从句是由疑问句变来的,(if/whether)在句中意为“是否”。
例句:They asked whether/if we would need any help.他们问我们是否需要一些帮助。
2>连接代词:who, whose,what, whom, which等(在从句中主要充当主语、宾语、表语或定语)。
3>连接副词:when, where, how, why等(在从句中主要充当状语)。
2.时态.1>当宾语从句陈述是客观事实或真理时,其时态仍旧用一般现在时。
例句:The teacher told us (that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人。
(真理)She said she was higher than her brother.她说她比她的弟弟高。
(客观事实)2>当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,其从句可以用任何适当的时态。
例句:She says (that) is a student.她说她是一个学生。
3>当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时,其从句用相对应的过去时态。
例句:She told me that she went to that park yesterday.她告诉我她昨天去了公园。
初中英语知识点总结:宾语从句和状语从句

一、宾语从句知识点总结 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:引导词、语序和时态。
一、引导词 1.从句为陈述句,常选择引导词that,that引导宾语从句无意义,不充当句子成分常省略。
例句:He told us (that)they would help us through the whole work. 2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择引导词if或whether,表示“是否”。
在whether … or not 结构中不能用 if 替换。
例句:I don't know if there will be a bus any more. 3. 从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代词、副词作引导词。
例句:He didn't tell me when we should meet again. 二、判断时态情况: 1.主句是一般现在时,从句可以为各种时态。
2.主句是一般过去时,从句要用相应过去时态。
注意:从句描绘客观事实、真理、自然现象等,从句时态不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。
例句:He answered that he was listening to me. Father told me that practice makes perfect . 三、宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序 陈述句语序,就是主语在前,谓语动词在后。
错误:He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. 正确:He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. 注意:宾语从句的否定转移 主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。
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历年河南中考考察宾语从句以特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句为主。
(2016)35.——What Tom say to you just now, John?
------He asked______D___________.
A. why I am so happy today
B. what will I do for the weekend
C. who did I play football with after school
D. if I could go to the movies with him tonight
(2015) 35.---Hi, Tony! Do you know ____C__________?
---Yes, there is a coffee shop at the corner of the street.
A. when I can get a cup of coffee
B. when can I get a cup of coffee
C. where I can get a cup of coffee
D. where can I get a cup of coffee
(2014) 35.----Excuse me, can you tell me ___B______________?
-----Sorry, I don’t know. You can go to the information desk.
A. that there is a train
B. when the train leaves
C. which train can I take
D. where does the train go
做题技巧:
1. 语序,陈述句语序(do\dose\did排除;一般情况下that也排除)
2. 根据句义,选择特殊疑问词
3. 根据时态,选择相应的时态。