北京外国语大学考博英语题型分析
北京外国语大学考博英语阅读真题解析

北京外国语大学考博英语阅读真题解析Text4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful,provocative magazine cover story,“I love My Children,I Hate MyLife,”is arousing much chatter–nothing gets people talking likethe suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completelyfulfilling,life-enriching experience.Rather than concluding thatchildren make parents either happy or miserable,Senior suggests weneed to redefine happiness:instead of thinking of it as somethingthat can be measured by moment-to-moment joy,we should consider beinghappy as a past-tense condition.Even though the day-to-dayexperience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard,Senior writesthat“the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can laterbe sources of intense gratification and delight.”(PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537)毫无疑问,Jennifer Senior在有煸动意味的的杂志封面故事中表达了她的独到见解,“我爱我的孩子们,我讨厌我的生活”——这唤起了人们的谈兴。
北京外国语大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析(精)教学提纲

北京外国语大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.A new volcano was being born.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba ,huo jia zi xun qq: qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.The volcano in the cornfield grew until it was bigger than the cornfield! 1 People called the volcano the Little Monster because it grew so fast. Scientists came from all over the world to study it and watch it grow. It is not often that people get a chance to watch a volcano from the very beginning.Most of the volcanoes have been here for a very long time. Some have been here so long that now they are cold. They are called dead volcanoes. They have stopped throwing out fire and melted rock and smoke. It is safe to walk on them. Farms are plowed on the quiet slopes, and people have built houses there.Some volcanoes have stopped throwing out hot rock, but they still smoke a little now and then. They are "sleeping" volcanoes. Sometime they may "wake up".2Today volcanoes are not so dangerous for people as they were along time ago. Now we know more about why volcanoes do what they do, and we can usually tell when they are going to do it. 3People used to think dragons under the earth caused volcanoes. They said the smoke that puffed above the ground was the dragon's breath. They said the earthquakes were caused by the dragon's moving around down in the earth. Now we know that this is not true. Another thing we know about volcanoes is that they don't happen just anywhere. 4 Scientists know where these places are, and maps have been made to let everybody know.There are different kinds of volcanoes. Some explode so violently that the rock goes high into the air and falls miles away. A volcano may shoot out ashes so high that they float all the way around the world. They have made the sunsets green and the snow purple. 5One very tall volcano stays fiery red at the top all the time. It is lucky that the volcano is near the ocean. Sailors can use it for a lighthouse.[A]Othervolcanoes are more gentle. The hot lava rises in their cones and overflows, rolling slowly down the mountainside, where it becomes cool and hard.[B]Black smoke puffed out. Hot ashes fell like black snowflakes. Hot rock and fire and lava shot out.[C]Smokepuffed up, and rock started popping up out of a crack that opened in the ground.[D]Avolcano named Vesuvius slept for a thousand years. But it woke up and threw out so much hot melted rock that it buried the buildings of two cities.[E]Beforea sleeping volcano wakes up, it usually makes a noise like faraway thunder, and the ground shakes in small earthquakes. People are warned and have time to get away safely.[F]Avolcano starts from a hole in the ground from which hot rock and smoke and steam come out. Far, far under the ground it is so hot that rock melts. This hot meltedrock, or lava, is sometimes pushed out of the earth through a hole or a crack in the ground. The steam inside the earth pushes the rock out.[G]Thereare certain places under the earth where the rock is broken in a way that lets the steam and hot rock escape to the outside more easily.答案及详解1.B。
北京语言大学英美文学考博指导与分析-育明考博

北京语言大学英美文学考博指导与分析一、北京语言大学考博资讯北京语言大学的英美文学专业的考博考生每年还是比较多的,报录比大约在1:13左右,竞争相当激烈,除了一些境内与境外硕博连读的考生外,普通招考的考生较少,许多考生由于外语成绩不达标而最终不予被录取,主要原因是对外语的要求比较高。
许多院校的博士研究生入学英语考试已经不考听力了,但北京语言大学的考博英语不仅有听力而且考察要求还比较高,所占分值就有15分。
同时,专业课方面的角逐也非常明显,每年有很多考生因为专业课总成绩未能上线导致落榜的比比皆是,建议报考北京语言大学英美文学专业的考生结合我们育明考博提供的信息和帮助提前做好复习备考准备。
(一)博士研究生导师:宁一中、王雅华。
(二)考试科目1.宁一中导师的考生须考:(1)1022二外日语或1023二外俄语或1024二外法语或1025二外德语或1026二外西班牙语(100%)。
(2)2031英美文学史(100%)。
(3)3077当代西方文论(100%)。
2.王雅华导师的考生须考:(1)1024二外法语或1022二外日语或1023二外俄语或1025二外德语或1026二外西班牙语(100%)。
(2)2031英美文学史(100%)。
(3)3078西方文学理论与文学批评实践(100%)。
(三)专业课指定参考书目北京语言大学的这个专业不指定参考书目,大家在平时的复习和备考过程中应该密切关注出题老师最新的学术研究动态,并且要对往年的专业课真题进行深入细致的系统分析和研究,另外还要搜集出题老师上课使用的课件、讲义、笔记等资料。
二、北京语言大学考博英语题型Part1.听力,15分,30小题。
Part2.完形填空,10分,20小题。
Part3.词汇,10分,20小题。
Part4.阅读,30分,20小题。
Part5.翻译,15分,英译汉+汉译英。
Part6.写作,20分,300-400词。
三、北京语言大学考博英语参考书“工欲善其事,必先利其器”,育明考博教研部主编的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的最权威的复习资料。
北外考博辅导班:2019北外英语学院考博难度解析及经验分享

北外考博辅导班:2019北外英语学院考博难度解析及经验分享北京外国语大学(以下简称“北外”)是首批双一流学科建设高校。
其前身是1941年成立于延安的抗日军政大学三分校俄文大队,距今已有77年办学历史,是我国办学历史最悠久、规模最大、开设语种最多的外国语大学。
经过几十年的创业与奋斗、几代人的不懈努力,北外目前已发展成为一所多语种、多学科、多层次,以培养高质量、创新型一流外语人才及外语类复合型优秀拔尖人才为目标的国际一流外国语大学。
下面是启道考博辅导班整理的关于北京外国语大学英语学院考博相关内容。
一、院系简介北京外国语大学英语学院是目前全国范围内顶尖的学院。
拥有全国最早的两个英语语言文学博士学位点之一和英语语言文学国家重点学科,是北京市特色学科建设点。
英语学院下设英语系和翻译系,并设有十一个研究中心,以全人教育、跨文化取向、创造性学习和跨学科课程设置为特色和优势。
在半个多世纪的办学历史上,英语学院为国家培养了一大批驻外大使和高级外交官,为国内兄弟院校输送了一大批教学与学术领军人物,为中国改革开放与对外交流做出了突出贡献。
同时,优秀的校友也促进了学院的发展。
英语学院与10多所英语国家知名大学相关院系确立了全方位的合作关系;建立了本科生、研究生短期留学和夏令营机制;并推出了本、硕、博三层次的对外合作办学。
英语学院设立了计算机辅助翻译教室和同声传译教室。
同时配备了先进的计算机辅助翻译软件。
具有多间多媒体教室,每个教室都配备了投影仪。
毗邻图书馆,馆藏资源丰富,有很多的英文原版书籍。
附近交通发达,与民族大学、国家图书馆距离很近。
学院环境优美。
外研社、中国日报、英语世界、传神公司、同文世纪翻译、思必锐翻译公司作为学生的实习基地,为学生与社会之间的联系搭建良好的平台。
学生就业率及就业质量较高。
毕业生在外交、外事、国际经贸、对外文化交流、国际传播、英语教育等领域具有竞争优势和可持续发展的潜力;也可以顺利进入英语专业乃至所有相关人文社科领域进一步深造。
北京外国语大学基础英语题型对比与分析

北鼎教育,专注北外考研及全国外语专业考研辅导!北京外国语大学“基础英语”题型对比与分析北京外国语大学的英语学术硕士涵盖在高级翻译学院(中英同声传译专业)、英语学院(英语语言文学及翻译学专业)、外国文学所以及中国外语研究中心。
这几种学术硕士都要考基础英语,不过它们的基础英语不尽相同。
英语学院、高翻院和外文所的基础英语都是代号为611的英语基础测试(技能);外研中心考的科目是代号为614的英语基础(外研中心)。
611英语基础测试(技能)适用院所:外国文学所、高级翻译学院、英语学院题型:三道大题:改错、阅读和翻译分值:150分基础英语虽然固定三道大题,不过在2017年12月的考研中题型的分数出现了些变化。
改错一直都是30分,阅读最开始是80分,共20道小题,但是18年研究生入学考试的基础英语阅读部分降低到60分,而翻译部分从40分增加到60分。
基础英语的各类篇章文学性非常强,阅读的部分文章选自外刊,具有一定难度。
因为基英每道小题的分数非常高,3分一个的小题决定同学的分数档次。
北外进入复试不仅要过国家线,还划分专业课分数线。
多扣一个三分很有可能就没过专业课的线。
大家一定要非常重视客观题。
614英语基础(外研中心)适用院所:外研中心题型:很多,不过一般以段落或者句子填空、任务型阅读以及写作为主分值:150分外研中心的基础英语相比611基础英语难度大得多。
首先,外研中心的基础英语选择的文章基本和语言学紧密相关,专业性极强,如对内容不熟悉,做题相当困难。
第二,外研中心基础英语的句子填空题不给提示的线索,阅读还出现了非常专业的名词翻译或解释。
最能拉开差距的是篇章七选六或六选五题目,因为这种题一般同学要是错的话至少错2个。
而且,每个题的分值非常高,高达4分!写作题也体现了极强的学科特点。
所以,复习外研中心的基础英语,同学们不仅要打牢英语基础,而且还要好好阅读语言学的经典著作。
北京外国语大学考博英语阅读真题精解

北京外国语大学考博英语阅读真题精解In the early days of sea travel,seamen on long voyages livedexclusively on salted meat and biscuits.Many of them died of scurvy,a disease of the blood which causes swollen gums,livid white spotson the flesh and general exhaustion.On one occasion,in1535,anEnglish ship arrived in Newfound-land with its crew desperately ill.The men’s lives were saved by Iroquois Indians who gave them Gengduo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lianxi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi vegetable leavesto eat.Gradually it came to be realized that scurvy was caused bysome lack in the sailors’diet and Captain Cook,on his long voyagesof discovery to Australia and New Zealand,established the fact thatscurvy could be warded off by the provision of fresh fruit for thesailors.Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothingharmful may yet result in serious disease if certain importantelements are missing.These elements are called“vitamins”.Quitea number of such substances are known and they are given letters toidentify them,A,B,C,D,and so on.Different diseases are associatedwith deficiencies of particular vitamins.Even a slight lack ofVitamin C,for example,the vitamin most plentiful in fresh fruit andvegetable,is thought to increase significantly our susceptibilityto colds and influenza.The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet,including a variety of fruit and green vegetables. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet,say during extended periods of religious fasting,or when trying to lose weight, that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.Another example of the dangers of a restricted diet may suffer from‘beriberi’,which used to afflict large numbers of Eastern peoples who lived mainly on rice.In the early years of this century, a Dutch scientist called Eijkman was trying to discover the cause of beriberi.At first he thought it was transmitted by a germ.He was working in a Japanese hospital,where the patients were fed on rice which had had the outer husk removed from the grain.It was thought this would be easier for weak,sick people to digest.Eijkman thought his germ theory was confirmed when he noticed the chickens in the hospital yard,which were fed on scraps from the patients’plates,were also showing signs of the disease.He then tried to isolate the germ he thought was causing the disease,but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official,who decreed that the huskless polished rice,even though left over by the patients, was too good for chickens.It should be recooked and the chickens fed on cheap,coarse rice with the outer covering still on the grain.Eijkman noticed that the chickens began to recover on the new diet. He began to consider the possibility that a lack of some ingredientin the husk might be the cause of the disease.Indeed this was the case.The element needed to prevent beriberi was shortly afterwards isolated from rice husks and is now known as vitamin B.The milled rice,though more expansive,was in fact perpetuating the disease the hospital was trying to cure.Nowadays,this terrible disease is much less common thanks to our knowledge of vitamins.(553words)36.From the passage,what can we learn about Captain Cook?A.He provided clothes for his sailors to avoid scurvy.B.He provided money for his sailors to avoid scurvy.C.He provided fresh fruit for his sailors to avoid scurvy.D.He provided blood for his sailors to avoid scurvy.37.The word‘beriberi’(in paragraph3)probably means_______.A.a germB.a natural phenomenonC.an epidemicD.a disease38.In the last paragraph,what does sentence“Indeed this was the case”mean?A.ReallyB.TrueC.FalseD.Eijkman’s considering was proved correct.39.Vitamin B can be got in—-A.riceB.rice husksC.noodleD.grain40.From the context,what do you think“perpetuating”means?A.deadB.happyC.keep freshD.keep aliveText836.C.Captain Cook在长途航行中由于为水手们提供了新鲜的水果以防止坏血病(scurvy)。
2010年北京外国语考博英语阅读理解真题完全解析

2010年北京外国语考博英语阅读理解真题完全解析The bride and groom, a guitar-wielding rock vixen and a muscle-rippling dragon-slayer, make an odd couple—so it is hardly surprising that nobody expected their marriage. But on December 2nd the video-game companies behind “Guitar Hero” and “World of Warcraft”, Activision and Vivendi Games respectively, announced plans for an elaborate merger. Vivendi, a French media group, will pool its games unit, plus $1.7 billion in cash, with Activision; the combined entity will then offer to buy back shares from Activision shareholders, raising Vivendi's stake in the resulting firm to as much as 68%.(PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ: s i jiu san san qi yi liu er liu )Activision's boss, Bobby Kotick, will remain at the helm of the new company, to be known as Activision Blizzard in recognition of Vivendi's main gaming asset: its subsidiary Blizzard Entertainment, the firm behind “World of Warcraft”, an online swords-and-sorcery game with 9.3m subscribers. The deal was unexpected, but makes excellent strategic sense, says Piers Harding-Rolls of Screen Digest, a consultancy. Activision has long coveted “World of Warcraft”, and Vivendi gets a bigger games division and Activision's talented management team to run it. As well as making sense for both parties, the $18.9 billion deal—the biggest ever in the video-games industry—says a lot about the trends now shaping the business.The first is a push into new markets, especially online multiplayer games, which are particularly popular in Asia, and “casual” games that appeal to people who do not regard themselves as gamers. “World of Warcraft”is the world's most popular online subscription-based game and is hugely lucrative. Blizzard will have revenues of $1.1 billion this year and operating profits of $520m. “World of Warcraft” is really “a social network with many entertainment components,” says Mr Kotick.Similarly, he argues, “Guitar Hero” and other games that use new kinds of controller, rather than the usual buttons and joysticks, are broadening the appeal of gaming by emphasising its social aspects, since they are easy to pick up and can be played with friends. Social gaming, says Mr Kotick, is “the most powerful trend” building new audiences for the industry. He is clearly excited at the prospect of using Blizzard's expertise to launch an online version of “Guitar Hero” for Asian markets. Online music games such as “Audition Online”, which started in South Korea, are “massive in Asia,” says Mr Harding-Rolls.A second trend is media groups' increasing interest in gaming. Vivendi owns UniversalMusic, one of the “big four” record labels. As the record industry's sales decline, it makes sense to move into gaming, a younger, faster-growing medium with plenty of cross-marketing opportunities. (Activision might raid Universal's back catalogue for material for its music games, for example, which might in turn boost music sales.) Other media groups are going the same way. Last year Viacom, an American media giant, acquired Harmonix, the company that originally created “Guitar Hero”. It has been promoting its new game, “Rock Band”, using its MTV music channel. Viacom has also created online virtual worlds that tie in with several of its television programmes, such as “Laguna Beach” and “Pimp My Ride”. Disney bought Club Penguin, a virtual world for children, in August. And Time Warner is involved in gaming via its Warner Bros Home Entertainment division, which publishes its own titles and last month bought TT Games, the British firm behind the “Lego Star Wars” games.1. The merger of these two companies are out of expection because_____[A] they aim to design marriage games which sound really weird.[B] it is difficult for big companies of two different nations to end up in successful cooperation.[C] their games are by no means similar to each other in terms of their styles.[D] it would be illegal for them to buy back the shares.2. Why Piers Harding-Rolls thinks this marriage has strategic sense?[A] Activision has been longing to cooperate with “World of Warcraft”.[B] Vivendi could get bigger portion and better management resources from Activision.[C] This deal is beneficial to both sides for they can combine their talents to make various games.[D] This deal make them become decisive factor of this industry’s trend in the future.3. The word “lucrative” (Line 3, Paragraph 3) most probably means_____[A] profitable.[B] luxurious.[C] entertaining.[D] populous.4. The first trend shaping the industry is _____[A] pushing people online to develop their own games.[B] building new audiences for the new network of games.[C] promoting games with new kinds of controller.[D] expanding the reign of traditional games and creating new market.5.From the two trends we can infer that_____[A] this merger is a great success because it goes along with both trends.[B] this deal can strengthen both parties to surpass the other media giants.[C] this allied group is powerful enough to shape the industry’s trends.[D] it is indeed of strategic sense to have initiate and carry out the merger.篇章剖析:本篇文章讲述了两个游戏公司Activision和Vivendi的“联姻”。
北京大学考博英语试题结构分析及考核要点

北京大学考博英语试题结构分析及考核要点北京大学考博英语的测试时间为3个小时,试卷分为听力(outline和spot dictation)、词汇、阅读、完型(有时无选项)、改错(无选项)、作文六个部分。
华慧老师根据近几年来的真题进行了分析,并列表如下:考核要求:除医学考博英语外,其他专业的考博英语由全国各大院校自主命题,而且各院校的考核要求水平也有差异,其中北京大学的考博英语对考生的具体要求如下:词汇方面,需要考生掌握8000~10000单词,900常用动词短语。
当然,一般掌握了六级及硕士研究生入学考试的词汇,通过考博英语也没有多大问题,只是词汇题可能失去少数分数。
长期关注和研究考博英语试题,反对有些所谓考博英语词汇书所讲的考博需要掌握1万甚至1万以上词汇的观点。
事实上,背诵那么多词汇是没有多大意义的,考博英语考查的重点不是考生掌握了多少词汇,而是阅读、翻译、写作能力。
所以,词汇够用即可,建议复习自己当年很熟悉的考研词汇、六级词汇,然后略加拓展,如可看看公共英语等级考试五级词汇、新托福词汇、部分GRE词汇。
有些院校公布了词汇表或参考词汇表,但实际出题人并不怎么按大纲出题。
英语说到底还是个水平问题。
语法方面,北京大学考博英语试题都不直接考查语法,但语法有必要全面复习一下。
这也不怎么花费时间。
阅读方面,能读懂一般英美报刊杂志上的社论,比如经济人网;能分析上蔟体裁文章的思想观点。
能在6分钟内速度600字左右的文章,并掌握文章的主旨和大意,理解事实和细节。
写作方面,一般都是命题作文,即给定题目写一篇300词左右的议论文。
但北京大学也出现过主观提纲作文,这类命题形式可能还会采用。
作文应当认真准备。
这是容易得分也容易失分的项目。
要求考生写作速度为50分钟300个单词,思路清晰、内容充实、语言通顺。
北京大学考博辅导班简介:北大考博英语在所有考博院校试题中最难,如何一次顺利通过考试呢?☆北大考博英语难度六级以上,没有固定的大纲,如何进行突破呢?☆北大考博英语词汇量八千到一万,甚至更多,怎样在短时间内完全掌握?☆北大考博英语阅读量大,长难句较多,做题错误较多,如何才能提高阅读速度、提高正确率?☆工作较忙,每天只能抽2-3个小时的学习时间,怎样才能提高学习效率?☆英语基础不好,四级过了很多年,工作学习中接触英语的机会又不多?大部分都忘了?☆复习了一段时间,把握不了重难点。
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2015北京外国语大学考博英语历年真题一、招考介绍从整体上看,由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大,对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高,特别是听、说能力。
攻读博士学位的学生,一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力,另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。
二、北京外国语大学考博英语题型Part1:词汇15分。
30小题。
Part2:阅读理解40分。
共20小题,4篇短文。
Part3:完形填空10分。
共20小题。
Part4:翻译15分。
英译汉,一篇短文中指定的5句话。
Part5:写作20分。
200字左右。
三、考博英语必备参考书育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。
在当当网,亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售,也可以联系我们直接购买。
四、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后,就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系,询问是否有招生名额,能否报考,这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。
大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。
因为太早,学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定,报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额;太晚的话,怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。
一般情况下,导师对一个学生很中意的话,后来联系的学生,导师一般也不会答应其报考了。
在此说点题外话,联系导师的过程中,如果读研期间的导师有关系,可以尽量利用。
如果没有,也没关系,凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的,这就要看自己了。
通常跟导师初次联系,都是发邮件。
导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种:(1)、欢迎报考。
这种答复最笼统,说明不了问题。
我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通,看看具体的进展,避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。
(2)、名额有限,可以报考,但有竞争。
很多人说这样的回复不满意,认为希望很小一般会被刷。
其实这样还是比较好的一种回答,最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己,考的好就可以上。
(3)、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关,欢迎报考什么的话。
不可否认,这是最好的情况,你可以放心的去考,一般不会出问题的。
但不排除偶然,像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题,可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。
总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事,关系只是占一部分,自己努力了就行,不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。
初次联系好导师后,一定要注意跟导师保持联系。
每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况,交流一下科研方向,这很有必要。
一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造,另一方面显得你虔诚好学。
五、听力答题技巧1、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍,包括题干和答案。
这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容,大概是怎么回事。
联系我们扣扣:四一六九二五五五九。
电话:四零零六六八六九七八。
扣扣群:一零五六一九八二零。
2、没听懂的题目,就放弃它,千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。
这样会引起头脑的混乱。
3、相信第一感觉,听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。
人的大脑有时候会混淆的。
因此很多情况下不是你选错了,而是改错了。
因此轻易别选,但是选了之后轻易别改。
(1)提炼选项中的重要信息考生务必先看选项。
当录音人开始宣读Directions时,考生应充分利用这段时间速读选项,预测考点,从而做到心中有数。
通过先看选项,可以明确题目多方面的信息。
(2)掌握节奏合理安排时间可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。
“录音不等人”,所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。
其实,听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制:约每分钟140词,每个问题后有约15秒停顿。
拍子已经固定,我们要做的是跟上节奏,过分的紧张只会造成混乱,直接影响发挥。
答题时,考生切勿在某一题上花费过多的时间(一般少于10秒/题),剩余的时间用于阅读下一题的选项和大胆猜测考点。
一旦没有听懂就根据已经掌握的信息迅速猜一个答案,马上进入下一题的节奏。
千万不可拖泥带水,否则破坏了节奏,可能造成随后的简单题目失分。
答案选定后可放松一口气,然后尽可能多看下一题乃至两题的选项。
(3)听力是一种Paraphrase考试Paraphrase就是运用同类词语的替换或句型的变换解释句或段的意义。
听力考试多数时候是一种paraphrase考试,它往往考的不是考生是否听见,而是考考生是否听懂。
把命题中的对话和段落原封不动地照搬到答案里,等着考生把它挑出来,在考博听力考试中这种题型几乎找不到。
绝大多数题目,要求考生把听到的原文进行变换和归纳,对应到选项中。
如此一来,我们不光得竖起耳朵听,还得开动脑筋想。
这就造成有的考生听懂了原文的每个字,却选不出答案。
要避免这种情况,请注意正确答案的固定特征:(4)听懂语调和重音英语和汉语一样,说话人通过各种各样的语调和重音的变化表达不同的意思。
考博听力中,专业的录音人更是力求表演得真实,他们绝不会用平淡的语调表示自己的惊讶,也绝不会把重音放在无关紧要的词上。
重读的每一处都具有提示作用。
因而,从录音人的表现中就能推测出人物的心理活动、观点和态度。
重音和语调是最为重要的线索。
辨认录音人语调中的信息在听力考试中比听懂单个词更重要。
(5)针对题型逐个演练不管是对话还是文段,听力考试的提问可分主题题型、细节题型、推断题型和语言点题型四大类。
我们可以在平时的练习中有意识的总结做题的方法和技巧。
六、阅读理解的解题技巧其实考博阅读的技巧是有针对性的,看整篇文章就是为了弄清文章的框架,具体的问题我们可以不管,但文章的层次必须弄清楚。
只有弄清了文章的层次,具体的问题才好归类,结合课后问题才能快速定位问题答案。
另外我发现考博的题目基本都围绕在文章的各层次主干上,细枝末节上基本没有涉题,于是就会发现,原文几百字的文章,真正需要了解的只有主干的几十字而已,其余的东西都可省。
当我们划去冗余,就会发现几十字的文章骨架基本覆盖所有的问题。
可见,对于考博阅读,若要高效正确的征服,必须学会快速分析文章的主干。
这就是基于逻辑的阅读,上升到理论层面的阅读模式。
下面进行具体分析:(1)主旨在英语阅读中要弄清楚层次,个人以为要弄清文章主旨,段落中心以及段落内部的次中心,这些在一些文章主旨题和一些细节题上很受用。
常规的文章主旨都会有其固定的出现地点:首段末尾处、第二段的开头和最后一段。
当然也有非常规的情况,这就需要靠自己的能力去寻找。
找主旨需要慢慢训练,常规的、非常规的文章都能通过真题并结合后面的专家解析,这样能力就能够很快地提升。
(2)常规文章行文逻辑本文中一直的强调要重视文章逻辑,那么,一般的都有哪些逻辑呢?通过一般归纳总结,大致可以得到四个逻辑框架。
这些框架特别有助于理解文章的总体内容,阅读过程按框架有重点地跳读,辨明逻辑主线,在把握文章重点、段落中心和段内次中心基础上,会有很好的效果。
也许,在做考博阅读之初,很多平日里有扎实功底的同学也会出现全军覆没的局面,出现这种情况,并不一定是英语词汇有巨大的缺知,而可能是逻辑上出现混乱。
现在将框架简单介绍如下:框架1:提出问题——分析问题——解决问题框架2:叙述现象——分析现象——结论框架3:提出观点——支持or反驳该观点——重申观点框架4:两种东西对比——分项对比——总体对照在阅读中要有意识的将文章归类分析,弄清逻辑,以上列出的是主干,还需进一步分析到枝叶,这样才能达到层次清晰的程度。
到段落级别,文章中心也容易辨出,多数文章中心在首末,少数会出现在段中。
于是在理解阅读文章的时候,在定位完毕后尽量将重点阅读范围扩大多句,观察所在句子在段落中的地位和在全文的地位。
一般情况,较接近的段中心和段落次中心往往就是正确答案,当然在最终填写答案的时候还是细细分析更为可靠。
(3)暗含答案的重点位置所谓文章重点就是阅读文章时得特别关注的地方,也是我们在浏览文章时眼界的着力点。
在考博阅读中,出题点一般都是文章中较为重要的地方,常见的有段落的中心和次中心;对于非中心,考博文章一般不会考察。
这是博士研究生入学考试的选拔性和阅读科技论文实用性所决定的。
上述的逻辑对于宏观题基本可以一网打尽,但对于微观题,我们必须通过重点位置的提示来解决。
下面通过一些分析和重点位置的介绍来理解把握文章的细节:1)所有文章的中心与段落中心和次中心。
2)转折和因果。
在阅读中,最好把含有转折和因果的词句标出来,因为转折和因果都意味着作者的观点和态度,相对一般句子更有强调性。
例如:because,for,but,however……3)表示观点的句子、观点的词可能多处出现,当然并不是所有观点的句子和词汇都是重点,但值得一读。
阅读文章中对这些词语的敏感是件令人兴奋的事情,所以平时应做好积累。
例如:agree,acknowledge,assert,see,insist,according to,find,think,believe,show,point out,content,acclaim,say等4)特殊标点符号,有的表示具体说明、有表解释、有表反义等等,均有或强或弱的强调意味,主要的特殊标点符号有:——、()、“”等。
5)情态动词。
should,must都能表达作者感情的因素,能从侧面反映作者对于某事物的观点,理应重点阅读。
6)特殊句型。
例如副词提前加逗号这种形式Variety,……,Significantly,……副词在句中起着很大作用,能反映态度,能表程度,这种特殊句型更有强调的成分,值得多阅读分析。
7)有指代的比较级、最高级和such/so等。
上面列举的一些重点特征很多,无异就是一些相对突出强调的词语。
阅读文章的时候,仅靠这些重点基本上可以做出大部分的阅读题。
阅读时快速画出重点,仅阅读含有重点特征的句子,对文章进行“减肥”,以提高阅读效率。
(4)选项特点1)正确答案的特点a、与原文句子同义词替换。
b、相对原文语法变化,如原文中的被动变为主动。
C、正面反面,即原文句子的否定形式,答案变成肯定的正面叙述;原文是肯定形式,从正面叙述,答案变成否定形式从反面叙述。
d、AB角度,原文从A角度叙述某事,而答案从B角度叙述同一件事情,本质不变。
e、具体抽象,即原文具体事例,答案变为抽象概括,或反之。
2)干扰选项的特点a、照抄原文,个别词语不同。
b、一半信息符合原文,一半信息不符。
c、将原文某些信息张冠李戴。
d、与原文叙述的内容相反。
e、与原文中没有出现观点新信息。
f、含有绝对化的词语,如only,always,never,all,everything,anything,everywhere,everybody,nobody。
g、逻辑错误,因果颠倒等。
最后,育明考博提醒:要做好考博英语阅读必须在扎实的英语词汇和语法的基础上,从不同角度对文章进行分解和思考。