重庆大学考博英语题型分析

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考博英语单选及完型分析、词汇语法

考博英语单选及完型分析、词汇语法

★★
18-郑州大学 2011
[1]定语从句关系代词
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19-中国科学院 2013

20-中南大学 2013
[1]陈述句式;[2]名词性从句;[3]陈述句式;[4]倒装句式; [5]形容词/名词搭配
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核心语法统计
[1]动词相关:21 处;[2]从句相关:6 处;[3]代词相关:6 处; [4]句式/句序相关:15 处;[5]其他相关:9 处
13-武汉大学 2013 14-西安交通大学 2013 15-西北大学 2011
16-厦门大学 2013
语法点
语法核心度
[1、2]定语从句关系代词

[1]不可数名词修饰;[2]定冠词/不定冠词




[1]强调句;[2]动词不定式;[3]定语从句;[4]虚拟语气 If 倒 装;[5]非谓语动词/形容词;[6]倍数修饰表达;[7]陈述句式; [8、9]不定代词;[10]连词;[11]情态动词;[12]不定代词;[13] 定语从句关系代词
第一部分 全国考博英语真题题型数据统计分析
育明教育通过对全国 100 多所考博院校真题分析,选取了北京大学等共 20 所高校近三 年来的试卷,具有广泛的代表性,列表如下:
年份
2013 2012 2011
院校 北京大学、北京航空航天大学、华东师范大学、南京大学、山东大学、上海交通大学、 四川大学、武汉大学、西安交通大学、厦门大学、浙江大学、中国科学院、中南大学 北京师范大学、复旦大学、华中科技大学、吉林大学 重庆大学、西北大学、郑州大学
数量低于 5(次)的部分。
从上表可得出如下结论: (1)词义考察占据绝对比重,比重均值达 76.3%。育明教育认为,掌握词义,特别是 名词、动词、形容词等主要实词类别的词义,是实现单选、完型高正确率的重要保障。 (2)短语考察以“动.词.+.介.词.”“介.词.+.名.词.+.介.词.”形式为主。说明掌握介词短语,特 别是介词与动词、名词搭配的短语是提高单选、完型正确率的保障。 (3)词汇考察绝.大.部.分.以识.别.词.义.为主,极少涉及词形辨析、近义辨析等专业英语测 试中经常出现的题型。说明扩大词汇量,特别是熟练掌握积极词汇的常见义非常重要。 (4)绝大部分院校对语法、搭配考察较少,如有 10 个院校考察语法题量少于 5 题/卷, 8 个院校考察搭配题量少于 5 题/卷。从另一个侧面说明目前考察词义仍是重点,其要义是“看 得懂就能做得出”。

考博英语阅读理解试题分类解析-考试要求、命题形式与解题技巧【圣才出品】

考博英语阅读理解试题分类解析-考试要求、命题形式与解题技巧【圣才出品】

第一部分考试要求、命题形式与解题技巧一、考试要求阅读理解(Reading Comprehension)是博士生入学英语考试的重要组成部分,该题型一直是各院校考查的重点,为每年必考题型而且比重最大(个别院校除外),分值比重一般为30%或40%(电子科技大学达到50%)。

为了顺利通过博士生入学英语考试,考生必须高度重视阅读理解能力的训练和提高。

(一)测试要求在国家教育部颁布的《非英语专业研究生英语教学大纲》中关于“读”的能力要求为:掌握并能运用各项阅读技能(如概括中心思想,猜词悟意,预见,推理和推论等),具有语法水平上的分析能力。

能较顺利地阅读并正确理解有相当难度的一般性题材文章和其他读物,达到每分钟60-70个词,读后能够理解中心思想及内容。

计时阅读难度略低,生词不超过总词数2%的材料,速度达到每分钟100-120个词,读后能理解中心思想及主要内容。

总阅读量:精读30000个词左右,泛读80000个词左右。

原国家教委发布的《非英语专业硕士研究生英语学位课程考试大纲》(试行稿)明确指出,阅读理解的测试目的主要是考查学生通过阅读材料获取信息的能力,要求考生在快速阅读材料的同时,能够正确地理解材料的意思。

具体而言,阅读理解主要测试考生如下几方面的能力:(1)所掌握词汇量的深度和广度,准确把握某些词和词组在上下文中特定含义的能力;(2)迅速总结所读材料的中心思想和段落大意,并找出一些表露作者观点的关键句子的能力;(3)对所读材料各段落之间的逻辑意义进行判断、推理和引申的能力;(4)注意一些对理解全文或某个关键句子起着重要的作用的细节问题的能力;(5)领会作者的观点和判断作者的态度,或者从阅读材料所隐含的意思中推断出作者的观点和态度的能力。

总之,阅读理解部分不但要求掌握所读材料的主旨大意、中心思想,而且要求考生注意文中细节;不但要求对具体事实情节的理解,而且要求对其抽象含义的理解,既要理解字面意思,又要理解其深层含义,包括作者的态度、观点、意图等;既要求理解文中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系,又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理;既要求考生能够运用材料中的信息去理解、分析问题,又要求考生能运用应有的常识去分析、理解问题。

重庆大学研究生英语口语复试题

重庆大学研究生英语口语复试题

重庆大学研究生英语口语复试题
重庆大学
听力测试实际上就是与老师进行一些英语交流,一般是询问你的家乡,你的志向,考研的原因,对重庆大学的印象和你的本科院校情况等。

在此之前可能需要你先用英语进行自我介绍。

自我介绍的时间控制在3至5分钟左右。

之后老师进行简单的一些提问,约3个左右问题,比如为什么报考重大?你本科学校是哪里?介绍下你的家乡?等等。

1、重大和你的本科学校有什么不同?
2、你最喜欢的本科老师是谁?为什么?
3、你本科学校是哪里?
4、关于你的家乡,能告诉我们什么?
5、你为什么报考重大?。

考博面试英语问题

考博面试英语问题

考博面试英语问题(总6页)--本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--考博面试英语问题这是一篇由网络搜集整理的关于考博面试英语问题的文档,希望对你能有帮助。

第一部分:传统面试问题(Sample Traditional Interview Questions) 第一部分:传统面试问题(Sample Traditional Interview Qu1、What can you tell me about yourself(关于你自己,你能告诉我些什么)这一问题如果面试没有安排自我介绍的时间的话。

这是一个必问的问题。

考官并不希望你大谈你的个人历史,他是在寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索,来判断你是否适合读研或者 MBA。

下面是一个积极正面回答的好例子:“在高中我参加各种竞争性体育活动,并一直努力提高各项运动的成绩。

大学期间,我曾在一家服装店打工,我发现我能轻而易举地将东西推销出去。

销售固然重要,但对我来说,更重要的是要确信顾客能够满意。

不久便有顾客返回那家服装店点名让我为他们服务。

我很有竞争意识,力求完美对我很重要。

”In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I participated in. As a college student, I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that I could sell things easily. The sale was important, but for me, it was even more important to make sure that the customer was satisfied. It was not long before customers came back to the storeand specifically asked for me to help them. I’m very competitive and it means a lot to me to be the best.2、 What would you like to be doing five years after graduation(在毕业以后5年内你想做些什么)你要清楚你实际上能胜任什么。

重庆大学研究生考试真题综合英语

重庆大学研究生考试真题综合英语

重庆大学研究生考试真题综合英语In the realm of postgraduate entrance exams, the Comprehensive English section of Chongqing University's graduate exam stands out as a crucial component that challenges the linguistic proficiency and analytical skills of aspirants. This section demands a thorough understanding of the English language, encompassing various aspects such as vocabulary, grammar, reading comprehension, writing, and translation. Given its significance, it's imperative for candidates to approach this section with the utmost seriousness and preparation.To ace the Comprehensive English section, candidates must first familiarize themselves with the exam format and the types of questions that are commonly asked. Thisinvolves understanding the distribution of marks, the reading comprehension passage styles and lengths, and the expected response formats for writing and translation tasks. By having a clear understanding of the structure,candidates can allocate their study time and efforts more effectively.Vocabulary mastery is another cornerstone of success in this section. Candidates must be able to recognize and correctly use high-level vocabulary that is commonly foundin academic texts. This requires regular practice and revision of vocabulary lists, as well as reading a wide range of materials to familiarize oneself with the natural flow and context of these words.Grammar is also crucial, as it forms the backbone ofthe English language. Candidates must have a solid grasp of the basic rules of grammar, including sentence structure, tenses, voice, and mood. Additionally, they should be ableto identify and correct grammatical errors in written texts, as this is a common requirement in the exam.Reading comprehension is a significant aspect of the Comprehensive English section. Candidates must be able to quickly and accurately understand the main ideas, arguments, and details presented in the passages. This requires notonly a good vocabulary and grammar base but also theability to skim and scan texts efficiently. Regularpractice with reading comprehension exercises can help candidates improve their speed and accuracy.Writing skills are also tested in this section, often through tasks such as essay writing or letter writing. Candidates need to demonstrate their ability to structure a coherent argument, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and maintain a logical flow of ideas. Practicing writing sample essays and letters, as well as receiving feedback on their work, can help candidates improve their writing skills.Translation tasks, which may involve translating English passages into Chinese or vice versa, require a high level of linguistic proficiency. Candidates must be able to capture the essence of the original text while maintaining the correct syntactical structure and vocabulary usage in the target language. This requires a deep understanding of both languages and regular practice with translation exercises.Lastly, candidates should focus on developing theirtest-taking strategies. This includes learning to manage their time effectively during the exam, prioritizing questions based on difficulty and familiarity, and guessing intelligently when faced with unfamiliar questions. Takingmock exams and analyzing their performances can help candidates identify their weaknesses and develop strategies to address them.In conclusion, mastering the Comprehensive English section of Chongqing University's graduate exam requires a comprehensive understanding of the exam format, thorough preparation in all language areas, regular practice, and strategic test-taking abilities. By approaching thissection with these key elements in mind, candidates can increase their chances of achieving a favorable outcome in their postgraduate entrance exams.**重庆大学研究生考试真题综合英语解析与备考策略** 在重庆大学研究生考试中,综合英语部分占据着举足轻重的地位,它不仅是对考生语言能力的检验,更是对他们分析能力的挑战。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:20

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:20

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题American literary historians are perhaps ()to viewing their own national scene too narrowly, mistaking prominence for uniqueness.问题1选项A.proneB.legibleC.incompatibleD.prior【答案】A【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。

prone “有……倾向的”;legible “清晰的”;incompatible “不相容的,不能并存的”;prior “优先的”。

句意:美国文学史家也许倾向于狭隘地看待他们国家的文学,误把卓越当独特。

选项A符合题意。

2.单选题You have made the mistake of thinking that his behavior is (); actually, very few of his group behave that way he does.问题1选项A.genericB.viableC.idiosyncraticD.soporific【答案】A【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。

generic “一般的”;viable “可行的,能养活的”;idiosyncratic “特殊的,特质的”;soporific “催眠的”。

句意:你认为他的行为很普通,实际上,他们小组其他成员都不会像他那样做。

选项A符合题意。

3.翻译题Read the following passage into ChineseIt is simple enough to say that since books have classes fiction, biography, poetry ― we should separate them and lake from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconception when we read, what would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author, try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible finesse, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, and, quaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite.【答案】既然书有小说、传记、诗歌之分,我们就应该把它们分类,从中吸收它们应该给予的知识。

最新重庆大学博士研究生入学考试考博英语试题及参考答案

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08重庆大学博士英语考试试题

08重庆大学博士英语考试试题2008年重庆大学博士入学考试英语试卷(Time Limit: 180 minutes)Part I: Reading Comprehension 40 %Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then selectthe best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneProblems and discouragements will face the leader, but he can overcome them with staying power. It seems as if many of the world’s famous people faced some of the greatest difficulties and discouragements in carrying out their visions.Christopher Columbus, for instance, concluded from the informationhe acquired from his travels and from studying charts and maps, that the earth was round and that he could reach Asia by sailing west. But he needed a patron to finance such an expedition. He first tried John II., King of Portugal, without success, and then, the Count of Medina Celi in Spain. The Count encouraged Columbus for two years, but never actually provided him with the money and supplies he needed. Ferdinand and Isabella, King and Queen of Castile in Spain, were then contacted. A review of Columbus’ plans by a committee appointed by the queenresulted in the conclusion that his ideas were vain and impractical. But they kept talking.After a better part of a decade of trying to find a patron, Columbus was in despair, but he didn’t stop. He had staying power. He believed in his mission, but he held out for high terms from Ferdinand and Isabella. He asked that the rank of admiral be bestowed on him right away and that he be made viceroy of all that he should discover. In addition, he would receive one-tenth of all the precious metals discovered within his admiralty. His conditions were rejected and negotiations were again interrupted. Columbus left for France. However, the queen had a change of mind and sent for him. In April, 1492, Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to subsidize the expedition on Columbus’ terms. It wasn’t until 12, October that they landed on North America.Columbus did not visit the Grand Khan of Cathay as he had hoped. But he did discover two new continents. He was successful because he had staying power.1. What was the attitude of the king and queen of Castile toward Columbus’ plan of expedition?A. ConcernedB. IndifferentC. OptimisticD. Disapproval2. Who finally patronized Columbus?A. Count of Median CeliB. John II, King of PortugalC. King and queen of SpainD. King and queen of Castile3. Which of the following statements was not mentioned in the passage?A. Columbus wanted to share what he should discover.B. Columbus firmly demanded that he be the commander of the voyage fleet.C. The king and queen of Castile didn’t accept Columbus terms at the very beginning.D. Columbus got financial help from the queen because he gave up his high terms.14. The author takes the story of Columbus as an example to show that __________.A. Leaders need staying power.B. Columbus had enough staying power.C. One can’t do without saying power.D. Staying power cannot ensure success.5. What does the word “vision” in the first paragraph most probably mean?A. sightB. televisionC. future planD. imaginationPassage TwoThe growth strategy is a corporate-level strategy that seeks toincr ease the level of the organization’s operations. This includes increasing such popular quantitative measures as sales revenues, number of employees, and market share. Growth can be achieved through direct expansion, vertical integration, horizontal integration, or diversification.Growth through direct expansion is achieved by internally increasing a firm’s sales,production capacity, or workforce. No other firms are acquired or merged with; instead, the company chooses to grow by itself through its own b usiness operations. For instance, McDonald’shas pursued a growth strategy by way of direct expansion. The company has grown by awarding franchises(经营许可) to people who are willing to be trained in the McDonald’s way and byopening company-owned outlets.A company might also choose to grow by vertical integration, whichis an attempt to gain control of input (backward vertical integration), output (forward vertical integration), or both. In backward vertical integration, the organization attempts to gain control of its inputs by becoming its own supplier. For instance, United Airlines has created its own in-flight food service business. In forward vertical integration, the organization gains control of its outputs (products or services) bybecoming its own distributor. For example, Gateway Computer’s retail stores are an example ofan organization controlling its distribution.In horizontal integration, a company grows by combining with other organizations in the same industry ― that is, combining operati ons with competitors. For instance, H,J, Heinz, Inc., the food-processing company, combined operations with an organic baby food company, Earth’s Best, to help its own Heinz baby foods division become more competitive. Because combining with competitors might decrease the amount of competition in an industry, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission assesses the impact of such proposed growth action and must approve any proposed horizontal integration strategy. Other countries have similar restrictions.Finally, an organization can grow through diversification, either related or unrelated. Related diversification is when a company grows by merging with or acquiring firms in different but related industries. For example, American Standard Cos. is in a variety of businesses including bathroom fixtures, air-conditioning and heating units, plumbing parts, and brakes for trucks. Unrelated diversification is when a company grows by merging with or acquiring firms in different and unrelated industries. For example, Lancaster Colony Corporation makes salad dressing, car mats and candles. These industries are different and unrelated. 6. What isthis passage mainly about?A. How McDonald’s has become successful.2B. How companies have become successful.C. How companies can develop their businesses.D. How companies compete with each other.7. What is “direct expansion”?A. A company develops its own business into a bigger scale.B. A company acquires another company.C. A company merges with another company.D. A company grows without increasing its workforce.8. Which of the following is not true of “vertical integration”?A. A company attempts to supply its own inputs.B. A company attempts to sell its own products.C. A company attempts to provide service.D. A company attempts to enter another industry.9. If a company adopts the method of “horizontal integration”, it attempts to __________ .A. acquire a very different companyB. acquire a similar companyC. acquire a sales companyD. acquire a distribution company10. Which of the following phrases is closest in meaning to the word “diversification”?A. merging with or acquiring firmsB. either related or unrelatedC. a variety of businessesD. a company growsPassage ThreeIn a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. However, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools,surprisingly little emphasis is put on academicinstruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents (答问卷者) listed "to give children a good start academically" as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a societyto have preschools. Sixty-two percent of the more individually oriented (强调个性发展的) Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An emphasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.3Like in American, there is diversity in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary school.Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children's chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.11. We learn from the first paragraph that many American believe__________ .A. Japanese parents are more involved in preschool education than American parents.B. Japan’s economic success is a result of its scientific achievements.C. Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic instruction.D. Japan’s higher education is superior to theirs.12. Most Americans surveyed believe that preschools should also attach importance to _____ .A. problem solvingB. group experienceC. parental guidanceD. individually-oriented development13. In Japan’s preschool education, the focus is on __________ .A. preparing children academicallyB. developing children’s artistic interestsC. tapping children’s potentialD. shaping children’s character14. Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to __________ .A. broaden children’s horizonB. cultivate children's creativityC. lighten children's study loadD. enrich children's knowledge15. Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university-based kindergartens?A. They can do better in their future studies.B. They can accumulate more group experience there.C. They can be individually oriented when they grow up.D. They can have better chances of getting a first-rate education.Passage FourNow custom has not been commonly regarded as a subject of any great importance. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief and the very great varieties it may manifest.No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his philosophical probings he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his4particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior ofthe individual as over against any way in which he can affecttraditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family. When one seriously studiesaxial orders that have had the opportunity to develop independently,that becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation. Thelife history of the individual is first and foremost an adjustment to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities.16. The author thinks the reason why custom has been ignored in the academic world isthat__________.A. custom reveals only the superficial nature of human behaviorB. the study of social orders can replace the study of customC. people are still not aware of the important role that customplays in forming our worldoutlookD. custom has little to do with our ways of thinking17. Which of the following is true according to John Dewey?A. An individual can exercise very little influence on the cultural tradition into which he isborn.B. Custom is the direct result of the philosophical probings of a group of people.C. An individual is strongly influenced by the cultural tradition even before he is born.D. Custom represents the collective wisdom which benefits the individual. 18. The world "custom" in this passage most probably means__________.A. the concept of the true and the false of a societyB. the independently developed social ordersC. the adjustment of the individual to the new social environmentD. the patterns and standards of behavior of a community19. According to the passage a person's life, from his birth to his death,________.A. is constantly shaping the cultural traditions of his peopleB. is predominated by traditional customC. is continually influenced by the habits of other communitiesD. is chiefly influenced by the people around him20. The author' s purpose in writing this passage is ________.A. to urge individuals to follow traditional customsB. to stress the strong influence of customs on an individualC. to examine the interaction of man and axial customsD. to show man' s adjustment to traditional customsPart II. Translation from English to Chinese 20%Directions: Put the following passages into Chinese. Write your answer on yourAnswer Sheet.5It is impossible to over-emphasize the importance of commercial activity to a country and its people. In almost all developing countries, economic development depends upon growth in export trade, which in turn creates jobs and raises living standards. The increasing import requirements which flow from economic development must somehow be financed, from foreign exchange receipts derived from export earningsand capital investment. Without dynamic expansion in exports the growth of your country’s economy will almost certainly slacken. Your objective as acommercial representative is obviously to do the best possible jobof improving your country’s export earnings, in the broadest meaning of that term.The time has long since arrived to recognize commercialrepresentation as a profession per se, the successful exercise of which is positively correlated with careful initial selection of commercial representatives, the level and content of their formal education and specialized training, the length and variety of their pertinent experience, and the quality of support they receive from the trade promotion organization (TPO) or ministry at home.Part III. Translation from Chinese to English 20%Directions: Put the following passage into English. Write youranswer on yourAnswer Sheet.感恩是一项重要的处事哲学,是生活的大智慧。

重庆大学2015考博英语复习:历年真题高频词汇总结

重庆大学2015考博英语复习:历年真题高频词汇总结author65n.①作者;②创始人science56n.①科学;②学科school40n.①学校;②(大学里的)学院,系;③学派,流派information39n.①通知,报告;②情报,信息social38a.①社会的;②交际的;n.社交活动result35n.结果,成果,成绩;v.①(in)导致,结果是;②(from)起因于,因…而造成cost33n.成本,费用,代价;v.价值为,花费business32n.①商业,生意;②事务,业务,职责;③企业;④贸易量;⑤行业,业务。

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电话:四零零六六八六九七八rate30n.①比率,率;②等级;③价格,费用;v.①估价;②评级,评价technology30n.工艺,技术consume29v.消费,消费,耗尽economy29n.①节约;②经济process29n.①过程,进程;②工序,制作法;③工艺;v.加工,处理system28n.①系统,体系;②制度,体制view28n.①景象,风景;②观点,见解;③观察,观看;④眼界;v.看待,观察,考虑reason26n.①理由,原因;②理性,理智;v.①推论,推理;②说服,评理;③讨论,辩论tend24v.①趋向,往往是;②照料,看护moral23a.道德(上)的,道义的;n.①寓意,教育意义;②道德behavio(u)r21n.①行为,举止;②(机器的)特性economic21a.经济(上)的,经济学的growth21n.生长,增长,发展(2)出现次数:14—20次,本部分共38个单词concern20v.①涉及,关系到;②(常与with,about,in连用)关心,挂念;③担心,担忧;n.①(利害)关系;②关心,挂念;③担心,担忧lead20v.①领导,引导;②领先,占首位;③(to)通向,导致,引起;④经验,过(生活);n.带领,引导;n.铅theory20n.①理论,原理;②学说,见解,看法;③看法,观点create19v.①创造,创作;②引起,造成,建立culture19n.①修养,教养;②文化,文明individual19a.①个人的,单独的;②独特的;n.个人,个体role19n.①角色;②作用,任务achieve18v.①完成,实现;②达到,达成,获得argue18v.①争论,辩论;②认为,主张,论证;③说服decade18n.十年experience18n.经验,经历;v.体验,经历infer18v.推论,推断account17n.①账(目,户);②叙述,说明;③价值,地位;v.(for)①说明,解释;②占;③(take into)考虑;顾及available17a.①可用的,可得到的;②可以见到的,随时可来的community17n.①同一地区的全体居民,社会,社区;②共同体,团体involve17v.①卷入,陷入,连累;②包含,含有,涉及average16n.平均(数);a.①平均的;②普通的,一般的;v.平均,均分benefit16n.利益,好处,恩惠;v.①有益于;②(from,by)受益dam16n.水坝,水闸influence16n.①(on)影响,感化;②势力,权势;v.影响,感化intellectual16n.知识分子本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

重庆大学考博英语必备固定词组

重庆大学考博英语必备固定词组词组是英语知识运用测试的重点之一,大约占题目的20%--30%。

尽管其考察频率不高,其特点在于技巧性不高,突破的关键在于考生平时的总结和积累。

下面,将历年来英语知识运用真题中出现过的高频词组列出,供广大考生学习。

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考博英语复习指导:固定词组as for至于、就…方面说look forward to盼望、期待as if好像、仿佛look into调查、观察as though好像、仿佛look on旁观、观看as to至于、关于look out留神、注意、警惕as well也、一样look over检查、察看、调查aside from除…以外look through仔细察看、浏览、温习ask for请求、要求look up to尊敬、敬仰pay attention to注意at a loss困惑、不知所措on the average平均、一般说来a lot of大量的、很多的right away立即、马上lots of大量、很多back and forth来回、往返、来来fall in love with相爱、爱上往往的back off放、让步、退却be made up of由…构成、由…组成back up支持、援助、make for走向、驶向、有利于on the basis of根据、在…的基础make up构成、组成上because of由于、因为make up for补偿、弥补on behalf of代表、为了a great/good many许多、大量at the best充其量、至多many a许多的do/try one’s best尽力、努力a matter of关于…的问题get the best of胜过no matter how/what/when…etc无论怎样make the best of充分利用、妥善处理by all means无论如何、必定for the better好转、改善by means of借助于、get the better of打败、智胜by no means决不had better最好还是、应该in memory of纪念on board在船/车/飞机上at the mercy of在…支配下be bound to必定、一定keep in mind记住break away脱离、逃跑have in mind记住、考虑到break down损坏、分解、瓦解make up one’s mind下决心break in强行进入、闯入、打断、never mind不要紧、没关系break into闯入by mistake错误的break off断绝、结束mix up混合、混淆本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

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2015重庆大学考博英语历年真题一、招考介绍从整体上看,由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大,对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高,特别是听、说能力。

攻读博士学位的学生,一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力,另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。

二、重庆大学考博英语题型Part1:阅读理解(40分)共十题Part2:完形填空(20分)共20题Part3:误差校正(10分)Part4:翻译(15分)Part5:写作(15分)三、考博英语必备参考书育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。

在当当网,亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售,也可以联系我们直接购买。

四、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后,就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系,询问是否有招生名额,能否报考,这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。

大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。

因为太早,学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定,报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额;太晚的话,怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。

一般情况下,导师对一个学生很中意的话,后来联系的学生,导师一般也不会答应其报考了。

在此说点题外话,联系导师的过程中,如果读研期间的导师有关系,可以尽量利用。

如果没有,也没关系,凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的,这就要看自己了。

通常跟导师初次联系,都是发邮件。

导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种:(1)、欢迎报考。

这种答复最笼统,说明不了问题。

我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通,看看具体的进展,避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。

(2)、名额有限,可以报考,但有竞争。

很多人说这样的回复不满意,认为希望很小一般会被刷。

其实这样还是比较好的一种回答,最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己,考的好就可以上。

(3)、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关,欢迎报考什么的话。

不可否认,这是最好的情况,你可以放心的去考,一般不会出问题的。

但不排除偶然,像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题,可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。

总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事,关系只是占一部分,自己努力了就行,不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。

初次联系好导师后,一定要注意跟导师保持联系。

每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况,交流一下科研方向,这很有必要。

一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造,另一方面显得你虔诚好学。

五、听力答题技巧1、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍,包括题干和答案。

这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容,大概是怎么回事。

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2、没听懂的题目,就放弃它,千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。

这样会引起头脑的混乱。

3、相信第一感觉,听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。

人的大脑有时候会混淆的。

因此很多情况下不是你选错了,而是改错了。

因此轻易别选,但是选了之后轻易别改。

(1)提炼选项中的重要信息考生务必先看选项。

当录音人开始宣读Directions时,考生应充分利用这段时间速读选项,预测考点,从而做到心中有数。

通过先看选项,可以明确题目多方面的信息。

(2)掌握节奏合理安排时间可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。

“录音不等人”,所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。

其实,听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制:约每分钟140词,每个问题后有约15秒停顿。

拍子已经固定,我们要做的是跟上节奏,过分的紧张只会造成混乱,直接影响发挥。

答题时,考生切勿在某一题上花费过多的时间(一般少于10秒/题),剩余的时间用于阅读下一题的选项和大胆猜测考点。

一旦没有听懂就根据已经掌握的信息迅速猜一个答案,马上进入下一题的节奏。

千万不可拖泥带水,否则破坏了节奏,可能造成随后的简单题目失分。

答案选定后可放松一口气,然后尽可能多看下一题乃至两题的选项。

(3)听力是一种Paraphrase考试Paraphrase就是运用同类词语的替换或句型的变换解释句或段的意义。

听力考试多数时候是一种paraphrase考试,它往往考的不是考生是否听见,而是考考生是否听懂。

把命题中的对话和段落原封不动地照搬到答案里,等着考生把它挑出来,在考博听力考试中这种题型几乎找不到。

绝大多数题目,要求考生把听到的原文进行变换和归纳,对应到选项中。

如此一来,我们不光得竖起耳朵听,还得开动脑筋想。

这就造成有的考生听懂了原文的每个字,却选不出答案。

要避免这种情况,请注意正确答案的固定特征:(4)听懂语调和重音英语和汉语一样,说话人通过各种各样的语调和重音的变化表达不同的意思。

考博听力中,专业的录音人更是力求表演得真实,他们绝不会用平淡的语调表示自己的惊讶,也绝不会把重音放在无关紧要的词上。

重读的每一处都具有提示作用。

因而,从录音人的表现中就能推测出人物的心理活动、观点和态度。

重音和语调是最为重要的线索。

辨认录音人语调中的信息在听力考试中比听懂单个词更重要。

(5)针对题型逐个演练不管是对话还是文段,听力考试的提问可分主题题型、细节题型、推断题型和语言点题型四大类。

我们可以在平时的练习中有意识的总结做题的方法和技巧。

六、阅读理解的解题技巧其实考博阅读的技巧是有针对性的,看整篇文章就是为了弄清文章的框架,具体的问题我们可以不管,但文章的层次必须弄清楚。

只有弄清了文章的层次,具体的问题才好归类,结合课后问题才能快速定位问题答案。

另外我发现考博的题目基本都围绕在文章的各层次主干上,细枝末节上基本没有涉题,于是就会发现,原文几百字的文章,真正需要了解的只有主干的几十字而已,其余的东西都可省。

当我们划去冗余,就会发现几十字的文章骨架基本覆盖所有的问题。

可见,对于考博阅读,若要高效正确的征服,必须学会快速分析文章的主干。

这就是基于逻辑的阅读,上升到理论层面的阅读模式。

下面进行具体分析:(1)主旨在英语阅读中要弄清楚层次,个人以为要弄清文章主旨,段落中心以及段落内部的次中心,这些在一些文章主旨题和一些细节题上很受用。

常规的文章主旨都会有其固定的出现地点:首段末尾处、第二段的开头和最后一段。

当然也有非常规的情况,这就需要靠自己的能力去寻找。

找主旨需要慢慢训练,常规的、非常规的文章都能通过真题并结合后面的专家解析,这样能力就能够很快地提升。

(2)常规文章行文逻辑本文中一直的强调要重视文章逻辑,那么,一般的都有哪些逻辑呢?通过一般归纳总结,大致可以得到四个逻辑框架。

这些框架特别有助于理解文章的总体内容,阅读过程按框架有重点地跳读,辨明逻辑主线,在把握文章重点、段落中心和段内次中心基础上,会有很好的效果。

也许,在做考博阅读之初,很多平日里有扎实功底的同学也会出现全军覆没的局面,出现这种情况,并不一定是英语词汇有巨大的缺知,而可能是逻辑上出现混乱。

现在将框架简单介绍如下:框架1:提出问题——分析问题——解决问题框架2:叙述现象——分析现象——结论框架3:提出观点——支持or反驳该观点——重申观点框架4:两种东西对比——分项对比——总体对照在阅读中要有意识的将文章归类分析,弄清逻辑,以上列出的是主干,还需进一步分析到枝叶,这样才能达到层次清晰的程度。

到段落级别,文章中心也容易辨出,多数文章中心在首末,少数会出现在段中。

于是在理解阅读文章的时候,在定位完毕后尽量将重点阅读范围扩大多句,观察所在句子在段落中的地位和在全文的地位。

一般情况,较接近的段中心和段落次中心往往就是正确答案,当然在最终填写答案的时候还是细细分析更为可靠。

(3)暗含答案的重点位置所谓文章重点就是阅读文章时得特别关注的地方,也是我们在浏览文章时眼界的着力点。

在考博阅读中,出题点一般都是文章中较为重要的地方,常见的有段落的中心和次中心;对于非中心,考博文章一般不会考察。

这是博士研究生入学考试的选拔性和阅读科技论文实用性所决定的。

上述的逻辑对于宏观题基本可以一网打尽,但对于微观题,我们必须通过重点位置的提示来解决。

下面通过一些分析和重点位置的介绍来理解把握文章的细节:1)所有文章的中心与段落中心和次中心。

2)转折和因果。

在阅读中,最好把含有转折和因果的词句标出来,因为转折和因果都意味着作者的观点和态度,相对一般句子更有强调性。

例如:because,for,but,however……3)表示观点的句子、观点的词可能多处出现,当然并不是所有观点的句子和词汇都是重点,但值得一读。

阅读文章中对这些词语的敏感是件令人兴奋的事情,所以平时应做好积累。

例如:agree,acknowledge,assert,see,insist,according to,find,think,believe,show,point out,content,acclaim,say等4)特殊标点符号,有的表示具体说明、有表解释、有表反义等等,均有或强或弱的强调意味,主要的特殊标点符号有:——、()、“”等。

5)情态动词。

should,must都能表达作者感情的因素,能从侧面反映作者对于某事物的观点,理应重点阅读。

6)特殊句型。

例如副词提前加逗号这种形式Variety,……,Significantly,……副词在句中起着很大作用,能反映态度,能表程度,这种特殊句型更有强调的成分,值得多阅读分析。

7)有指代的比较级、最高级和such/so等。

上面列举的一些重点特征很多,无异就是一些相对突出强调的词语。

阅读文章的时候,仅靠这些重点基本上可以做出大部分的阅读题。

阅读时快速画出重点,仅阅读含有重点特征的句子,对文章进行“减肥”,以提高阅读效率。

(4)选项特点1)正确答案的特点a、与原文句子同义词替换。

b、相对原文语法变化,如原文中的被动变为主动。

C、正面反面,即原文句子的否定形式,答案变成肯定的正面叙述;原文是肯定形式,从正面叙述,答案变成否定形式从反面叙述。

d、AB角度,原文从A角度叙述某事,而答案从B角度叙述同一件事情,本质不变。

e、具体抽象,即原文具体事例,答案变为抽象概括,或反之。

2)干扰选项的特点a、照抄原文,个别词语不同。

b、一半信息符合原文,一半信息不符。

c、将原文某些信息张冠李戴。

d、与原文叙述的内容相反。

e、与原文中没有出现观点新信息。

f、含有绝对化的词语,如only,always,never,all,everything,anything,everywhere,everybody,nobody。

g、逻辑错误,因果颠倒等。

最后,育明考博提醒:要做好考博英语阅读必须在扎实的英语词汇和语法的基础上,从不同角度对文章进行分解和思考。

平时做题把自己的对错记录在答案上,试题上最好不要标注答案,以后再练习时就能通过与以往的对比感受自己的进步,看到自己的不足。

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