工程管理专业英语全文翻译
工程管理专业英语全文翻译
Unit 1 the owner’s perspective 第1单元业主的观点1.2 Major Types of Construction 1.2大建筑类型Since most owners are generally interested in acquiring only a specific type of constructed facility, they should be aware of the common industrial practices for the type of construction pertinent to them [1]. Likewise, the construction industry is a conglomeration of quite diverse segments and products. Some owners may procure a constructed facility only once in a long while and tend to look for short term advantages. However ,many owners require periodic acquisition of new facilities and/or rehabilitation of existing facilities. It is to their advantage to keep the construction industry healthy and productive. Collectively, the owners have more power to influence the construction industry than they realize because, by their individual actions, they can provide incentives for innovation, efficiency and quality in construction [2]. It is to the interest of all parties that the owners take an active interest in the construction and exercise beneficial influence on the performance of the industry.由于大多数业主通常只对获得特定类型的建筑设施感兴趣，所以他们应该了解与他们有关的建筑类型的常见工业实践[1]。
工程管理专业外语英汉翻译
AA bill of quantities allows each contractor tendering for a project to price the work using the same information.一个账单量允许每个承包商为项目投标价格A bill of quantities is a list of item are entered in the next column followed by the rate ($/meter,$/meter2,$meter3,etc).比尔的数量是一个列表项进入下一列由率（美元/米，美元/平方米，美元/ 立方米，等）A construction manager can provide such coordination and the leadership necessary to produce the work. 一个项目经理提供必要的生产等工作的协调和领导。
A contract can be a ‘simple contract’: specialty contracts are also commonly referred to as ‘contracts under seal’.合同可以是一个简单的合同”：专业合同通常也被称为“盖印契约A contract is agreement between two or more than two parties(individuals or organizations) to perform or not to perform certain acts.合同协议的两个或更多的比之间的两方（个人或组织）执行或不执行某些行为。
A contract may be written or oral, but is only formed when there has an offer to do or provide something that is accepted by another party and is supported by consideration.合同可以是书面的或口头的，但只有当有一个形成作出或提供的东西是由另一方的接受和支持的思考。
工程管理专业英语翻译
1. A decision whether to pump or to transport concrete in buckets will directly affect the cost and duration of tasks involved in building construction.用泵送混凝土还是用吊斗浇筑混凝土的决定将直接影响建筑物施工中各项任务的成本和时间2. In selecting among alternative methods and technologies, it may be necessary to formulate a number of construction plans based on alternative methods or assumptions. 在选择施工方法和技术时，有必要根据各种备选的施工方法和假设制订若干套施工计划。
3.This examination of several alternatives is often made explicit in bidding competitions in which several alternative designs may be proposed or value engineering for alternative construction methods may be permitted这种对几个备选方案之间的评比在公开招标中表现的十分明显：在设计招标中会要求提交数个设计方案；在施工招标中会用到价值工程的方法4. In this case, potential constructors may wish to prepare plans for each alternative design using the suggested construction method as well as to prepare plans for alternative construction methods which would be proposed as part of the value engineering process.在这个案例中，潜在的承包商需要针对每个备选设计方案根据被建议的施工方法来制定具体的计划；也需要针对每个备选施工方法制定具体计划，而这些施工方法选择会被推荐应用价值工程方法5. In forming a construction plan, a useful approach is to simulate the construction process either in the imagination of the planner or with a formal computer based simulation technique.根据施工计划人员的想象或者利用以计算机为工具的仿真技术队施工过程进行模拟。
工程管理中英文翻译
The stage of the project cost managementFrom The Engineering IndexAbstract:Project cost management is the basic contents to determine reasonable and effective control of the project cost. Described the current stage of the project cost management situation on the strengthening of the various stages of construction cost management of the importance of and raised a number of key initiatives. Keywords：Cost of the construction project, Cost management status investment decision, Phase of the design, phase of the implementation, phase of the cost management in a market economyEven under the WTO and China's accession to the world community,China's construction industry how to effectively control construction cost of the construction and management of an important component part. However, the current budget for the construction projects –estimate budget,Super budget accounts for the "super three" is still widespread and that eventually led to a serious loss of control of project investment. Project cost management is the basic contents to determine reasonable and effective control of the project cost.As the project cost to the project runs through the entire process,stage by stage can be divided into Investment Decision stage,the design and implementation phases. The so-called Project Cost effective control is the optimization of the construction plans and design programs on the basis of in the building process at all stages, use of certain methods and measures to reduce the cost of the projects have a reasonable control on the scope and cost of the approved limits.Engineering and cost management work of the current status of project cost management system was formed in the 1950s,1980s perfect together. Performance of the country and directly involved in the management of economic activities. Provisions in the design stage to different estimates or budget preparation as well as government; Nothing relevant departments to formulate a budget,content, methodsIand approval, the budget will provide the fixed cost of equipment and materials and fixed price of the budget preparation, approval, management authority, and so on. With the historical process,after recovery,reform and development, formed a relatively complete budget estimate of quota management system. However, as the socialist market economic development,the system's many problems have also exposed. Generally speaking,the budget estimate is based on direct participation in the management of national economic activity as a precondition. Enterprise is not the actual economic entities. Due to the characteristics of the planned economy, and, at the time under the conditions of productivity,will inevitably become a shortage in the economy.In severe shortage of commodities under the conditions,as long as a certain level of investment, will be certain outputs. In this environment, the project planning and technical argumentation there can be no economic analysis. State control of the project cost constitute key factors equipment and materials prices,wages and taxes of artificial distribution. In this relatively stable economic environment,the budget estimate for the system approved project cost,help the government to carry out investment plans to play a major role.As the socialist market economic system established, requires us to predict project investment and control. In recent years,international investment project developed to the requirements of prior pre-control and in the middle of control. China,the traditional practice in an objective light on the cause decision-making, implementation heavy,light the economy and technology,First,the consequences of victimization,Due to the technical personnel of the project technical and economic concepts and a weak awareness of cost control, cost management makes the quality difficult to raise. Project Cost control is difficult to achieve long-term goals.Second,the various stages of the project management view of the above circumstances,My first academia in the 1980s made the whole process of cost management and control concept,building departments will study the feasibility ofIIprojects and the budgets and final accounts to two extended at the request of the corresponding regulations put our cost management concepts and methods referred to a new height.Our task now is to be modern and cost management in line with China's national conditions of the market economy system goal,learn from the advanced experience of the developed countries,and establish sound market economic laws of project cost management system,efforts to increase the project cost levels. An investment decision-making phase of the project cost management construction project investment decision-making stage is proposed project proposals; conduct a feasibility study to determine investment estimation and the final preparation of design task. At this stage,the project's technical and economic decision-making, of the construction project cost of the project after the completion of the economic benefits have a decisive influence,The construction cost is an important stage control.China's current stage of the project cost for the project management for the purpose of clearing price,and focusing only on the construction process of cost control, neglected before the start of the project investment decision-making stage of cost control. Investment decision-making phase of investment projects is estimated an important basis for decision-making. It has a direct impact on national economic and financial analysis of the results of the reliability and accuracy. Because of this phase is the preliminary work of projects,the information cannot be fully,comparable works more or less that information accumulated relatively small, estimated inadequate and unscientific. Makes project cost management and cost workers is difficult at this stage do something.The various stages of the project cost control in the decision-making phase project cost control. Right project planning phase of the cost,many owners have the wrong understanding that the lower the cost the better. Cost control is not a unilateral issue, and should be a number of factors,a combination of practical,comprehensive consideration. The construction project investment decision-making stage,the project's technical and economic decision-making,Cost of the project after theIIIcompletion of the project and the economic benefits,with a decisive role in project cost control is an important stage,rationally define and control the direction of the project cost of accurate positioning and building Optimization guiding role.In the decision-making phase of the most important is to do a good job feasibility study, the work is done well, returns on investment and can form a good proportion. Otherwise,invest more,less effective,resulting in loss of control and waste of investment.At present,some of the projects planned the owners of departure from the subjective desires of a feasibility study on the lack of scientific proof. Feasibility Study untrue,false or engineering functions obtaining the approval of their superiors, actually put into the feasibility study will be awarded in the study for the project after the smooth functioning buried a lot of hidden problems,lead to insufficient follow-up funds for the project and had to extend the time limit so that the project could not have planned the use of cost-effective,even become hopeless completion of the beard works.Therefore, in order to phase in the investment decision-making effectively control construction costs,we must do the following aspects:ⅰImplementation of the construction project and corporate accountability, Construction of the project from planning to implementation of the entire process and the use of the funds to repay responsibilities to the people. in addition to establishing a legal system and the project supervision matching mechanism by the departments in charge of the industry and supervision departments for setting up a monitoring group to oversee the use of funds.ⅱA realistic approach to market analysis,to avoid the blindness of the project decision-making, reduces and reduces investment risk. Fully consider building projects in the future market competitiveness,design task more scientific and reliability.ⅲCapital financing must have a formal commitment document, the parties must do investment funds in place,and funds must have documents to ensure that theIVproject can be approved after the scheduled implementation. To the various loan conditions should be carefully analyzed to minimize the burden of interest and repayment pressure.ⅳTo strengthen the engineering geology, hydrology, geology and land, water, electricity, transport, environmental projects such as external conditions for the work of depth to make the investment estimate there are sufficient grounds.Taking extensive investigation and research, comparison of similar projects, seriously functional analysis, multi-program comparison and choice. After full technical appraisal and economic evaluation, and the final technologically advanced, functional and reliable. Reasonable economic projects, thus calculate a more accurate and realistic estimation of the amount of investment, so that the project cost from the start positioning in a more reasonable level.The design phase of the project cost control for a long time, China's building control very effective, - investment projects is not uncommon, this will affect owners of investment returns, it adds to the owners and within budget, as well as difficulties in fund owners, the impact on the future management or the owners make payments in arrears, and so on. Hence, the control of the project cost is of great significance, however the project cost is the primary means of control design,Currently most of the property owners in the design stage seldom works on cost control, and they found that the cost of the design will not have a great impact, it is wrong, on the contrary, Design phase of the project cost control is the most important step. Because it determines engineering design, construction methods, materials and equipment types, models of the project cost is of critical significance, design optimization phase of the program or minor changes, project cost will have a significant impact, Design phase of the project cost control of the total project cost of 70%. Following is how to control the project from design to create the Law:ⅰAs the owners must design, the design selected on the quality level is a direct impact on the quality of product design level, and the design quality products in the level of direct influence on the pricing of the works. Different design units on theVsame project design are different. the same item of different design institute works between certain aspects of the project cost on the existence of differences between, We assume that with a design from two different design institute to design, Construction plans after the completion of a requested advisory unit cost to do the budget, certainly different design institute the total cost of the project is absolutely not the same, and most of the difference between the two over 10% even more than 30%, and not necessarily high cost than the design of low cost, and good design is often low cost, We all know that different people have different design styles and different levels, the design works naturally, therefore chosen to design units is the control on the first step. Through tender to select the design of the units is a good method, the tender documents to elaborate on this particular aspect of the requirements, cost control targets, and so on.Otherwise, in the subsequent design process design units will put an increase in the cost of the design requirements; through tendering the project design into the market, compared to select the best design units.ⅱPromoting the design bidding and design optimization campaign mode design units assessed by experts using scientific group France, in accordance with applicable, economic, aesthetic principles and advanced technology, reasonable structure to meet building energy efficiency and environmental requirements, comprehensive assessment of the merits of the program design, selection of the best determination of the successful program.Successful investment program estimated to be close to the general construction project scope of investment. This means two design contracts will help design the program of choice and competition to ensure that the selected design advanced technology, unique novelty, adaptability, as well as to control the cost of the project. Design units should strive to improve their quality of the project design clever idea, contemporary reducing the project cost on to rack their brains to improve design quality, strive to put the design phase of the project cost control approval of the investment ceiling.VIⅲStrengthening the design stage of the design phase to strengthen supervision of the Commissioner to determine a reasonable design, mature technology, reduction in the construction phase major design changes and changes in the program, in the effective control of the project cost will play a role. 1 to the design of the project if the project supervision to get involved, excluding unfavorable factors may generally is excluded from the 80% errors. In the entire process of building cost control, construction began at best to save and invest 20%, the key lies in the construction phase of the identification and control costs. Supervision of the design phase include : Design Institute under the design drawings and notes help owners deal with different design options for the economy, capital expenditure to develop the preliminary estimates, to ensure that the investment can be most effectively utilized. With the owners of the Commissioner include:According to the Design Institute to provide design drawings and notes to help owners deal with different design options for the economy, capital expenditures to develop the preliminary plan to ensure that investment can be most effectively used; with the owners of different design options, the need to calculate their own materials and equipment to conduct a cost analysis and study, to the design staff costs, to assist them in the investment limit within limits designed to save and invest. To seek a one-time small investment and economic good design program made the most rational economic indicators.ⅳDesign actively promote the so-called cap limit design, even with the approval of the design task and investment estimates, guarantee the functional requirements of the premise. The preliminary design and control budget, according to the preliminary approval of the total budget for the design and construction design control. Limits, and every one professional, each of whom have a design threshold of a target. In the design process, designers should progress to more programs, design optimization, ensuring that the design is technically advanced and reasonable, innovative, stylish, and do not break the limit investment objectives, thus eliminating the engineering design raise the factor of safety and design standards, or only consider the technicalVIIfeasibility of the program, rather than economic rationality phenomenon, the project cost to ensure effective control.Also known as the value of value engineering analysis, is a modern scientific management technique, is a new techno-economic analysis, is the product of functional analysis to conserve resources and reduce the cost of the purpose of an effective method. It made up for the traditional cost management simply focus on cost reduction and quality management only emphasizes improving the quality deficiencies, construction is conducive to resolving the long-standing long period, a lot of wastage, poor quality, high-cost problems. Value Engineering laws generally divided into three steps: assessment of the design of object technology and economic Score; Calculation of the target group of technical and economic indicators; calculate the geometric design of the object, on average; From comparison choose the best design.Construction phase of the project implementation unit construction cost management to control the cost of the project is reasonable in the project to meet quality standards premise, in the investment decision-making stage, the design phase and construction phase of the project put the project approval occurred in the control limits, strive in various construction projects rational use of human, material and financial resources to achieve good investment returns and social benefits.The project cost control and management is a dynamic process. The dynamic market economy, to make the investment in the identification and control become more complex, this will require the construction units to the management of project cost to the project runs through the entire process, it is necessary to have a comprehensive focus. The implementation phase of the projects. The implementation phase of the project cost management is the implementation of the entire process of project management. Project implementation phase of the project cost management can be divided into three parts: the tender management, construction management and settlement management.VIIIBidding for the construction phase of the construction units Bidding system control engineering cost effective means, bid organization can improve the cost-effectiveness of construction projects and ensure the quality of construction projects, shortening the construction cycle return on the investment, construction units can take full advantage of bidding for the effective means of cost control.Construction No. 10 on the 7th ministerial decree issued a "contract with the Construction Contract Pricing Management." clearly pointed out in bidding for projects using inventories. This requires the building of units conducting the tender exercise, in the tender document to include not only the usual content, like tender notes before schedule, tender notes, the conditions of the contract, the contract terms of the agreement, contract format, technical specifications, drawings, tender documents and other reference format, it is also necessary to provide the engineering inventory, Bidding as a reference document of the important components. Construction units in the tender document for the project inventory, in accordance with state or local rules promulgated by the calculation that the reunification of the divided projects, unified measurement units and the reunification of the engineering calculation rules, according to design drawings to be calculated and statistical arranged, obtain the list. Quantities to be followed in the preparation of an objective, impartial, scientific, and rational principle. Compilers must have strong manly budget, and should have certain knowledge of the engineering design and construction experience, and the material and mechanical construction technology for comprehensive scientific knowledge, in order to calculate the volume of the works without heavy missed. The basis of which must be in accordance with state regulations engineering calculation rules, and the sub-projects division engineering units, and in accordance with design drawings, design essential Love tender documentation requirements are calculated.Quantities of the project should have a testing general, the entries must be simple, while not appear Lousing wrong items Pricing should guarantee the correctness of the project. Should the requirements of the different grades separate engineering division,IXthe situation was different; We may have different prices for the items separately. This requires the preparation of the list compilers, seriously study design drawings, Analysis of the tender documents include the elements of the work and the different technical requirements, all familiar with the process, and to the scene of serious investigation, is forecast to make possible the construction of the case, right will have an impact on the Price of projects to be broken down. In addition, because the project inventories to calculate the amount of the project is not complete engineering and consider the interests of the construction units, clearly paying the price for the same overall price, the quantity list by the number of actual construction is a practical terms.In the evaluation and review of the tender offer should do the units total individual Price quotations and the comprehensive assessment. Price does not meet the requirements of individual shows Price meets the requirements, and the lowest total Price could not explain the single lowest bidder. Bidders often know the total cost to maintain the same circumstances; the project is likely to change smaller projects to lower the price.Changes may be larger projects price increases to achieve the completion of clearing works will be added for the purpose. We would also do price and the corresponding quantity of comprehensive engineering assessment of the large volume of projects to focus on the price analysis. Price will do with the contents of the work, construction program, a comprehensive technical evaluation process, thereby preferred choice of a construction unit. Construction of the construction phase of the contract cost control basis. Signed tight construction contract, while strengthening the construction contract management can guarantee that the contract price is reasonable, legitimacy and reduce the performance of the contract A, B in disputes and safeguard the interests of both the contract, effective control of the works investment costs. After the signing of the contract, to do the management contract documentation, contract and the supplementary contract agreement until the regular meeting site in minutes. Work contacts such as a single content of a contract extension and explainedXthat the integrity must be preserved, in addition to establishing a technical files, Implementation of the contract for dynamic analysis, results of the analysis to take proactive measures.Construction phase in the construction phase construction plan is based on the budget or Ken works contract price of the target, Ken control the cost of the project. At this stage of conservation has room for a small, but the possibility of waste is great. Thereby to control the cost of the project to give sufficient attention.ⅰConstruction program to strengthen the comparative technical and economic construction program is construction design of a re - to the contents of the work, a reasonable construction plan, shorten the construction period and ensure the quality of the project, improving economic efficiency, Construction of the program right from the technical and economic evaluation were compared, through qualitative and quantitative analysis, the quality, time, Cost three technical and economic indicators, be rational, and effective use of manpower, material and financial resources, achieve better economic efficiency, good construction management relations, a comprehensive cost management is an important way.ⅱStrictly related changes to the project budget control in the proposed budget. Construction of the changes caused by many reasons, including works poorly designed, so that the engineering contract with the drawings provided inconsistent; The current market supply of materials does not meet the standard specifications of the design requirements. These issues have to leave breadwinner project cost factors. Therefore, in the construction process, we must tighten customs change, through no design changes to expand the scale and improve the design standards; increase the construction and contents, the best implementation of the "grade control, visa quota" system. Right to change the design, particularly as it relates to the cost of the design changes must be approved by the design units, construction units scene representatives, supervision engineers common signature, and should be ahead of this type of change, reduce losses, because it has been completed or partially completed project will entail the demolition of the contents, it is bound to cause major changesXIto the loss. Therefore, the construction units should be assigned to the project cost management professionals Permanent construction site, to grasp at any time. Control project cost of the changes.ⅲWorks on the scene visa formalities through strict control of the construction project supervision system, the establishment of specialized departments, Professional use of the professional management of projects and to avoid project management personnel just visas, not economic account of the phenomenon. Investment out of control caused serious consequences. To serious change visa procedures to be taken to the building, Supervisor, the construction site together representatives signed the way to ensure that change, visa authenticity, legitimacy, economic and avoid fraud and the resulting phenomena arising from the dispute.In the course of construction, the construction units to enhance on-site construction management, supervision and construction side according to the drawings, and strictly control the change of the negotiations, materials substitution, the scene visas, and various additional extra budgetary labor costs for the necessary changes should be done first afterwards, after money, Change event on the timely change in the calculation of the workload and the cost of change occurred to grasp at any time cost of the project level, things to avoid a backlog of work that the true cost of the project. Construction unit representatives to the scene to supervise doing a good job record, particularly concealed records and visas, reduce clearing the passing phenomenon. Many works visa scene is not as serious, works to bring a very large settlement of the trouble, lead to considerable economic losses, the scene strict visa management of the construction phase of the project cost control key.ⅳOf project list rigorous review of the project on the review of inventories, Engineers’ monitor list of measures to control the project. BOQ to provide the list of measures is to complete construction projects, occurred in the pre-construction engineering and construction process technology, life and safety aspects of non-engineering projects entities. At this stage because many projects are in construction plans and the construction site of the imperfections on the tender waitXIIuntil the construction tender of the project design and actual scene have better access. Management Engineer addresses the gathering first-hand information on the original, itemized checking identification, inconsistent make revisions.ⅴControl material consumption, rationally define material prices. Cost of the project control materials price control is the main, the cost of materials in engineering often holds substantial proportion, usually accounts for the estimated costs of 70%, representing the direct costs of 80%. It is necessary in the construction phase in strict accordance with the contract amount of material control; material set reasonable prices, so as to effectively control the cost of the project. Market economy material supply a variety of channels, variety and price range materials, construction unit budget management and field personnel should pay close attention to market rates, with the progress of the scene, the market, hand in the construction of the information and materials for the completion of the accounts provide a strong basis.ⅵTechnology and economic integration, strengthening investment control. Effective control of the investment, from organizational, technical, economic, contracts, and other measures. Therefore, the construction units must strengthen management, engineering and technical personnel of the "economy" concept, the quality of education, Training pragmatic working style, the construction side to help improve construction design, reasonable security, financial, and material resources. Accelerate the pace of work to improve the quality of the projects. Construction should encounter problems in a timely manner with the designer linked to choose both economic and scientific potential solutions, overcome the waste caused by command, to give due attention to the importance of investment in conservation, is responsible for the engineering technician with the combination of economic officers from the tender, contract negotiations, costing the budget, signed paid to the progress of the completion of the accounts, a cost analysis, the whole process management and strictly control the cost of the project.Do a good job clearing price completion of the assessment project is the completion of settlement construction enterprises in accordance with the provisions ofXIII。
实用英语工程管理类翻译
Unit 1general contractor 总承包商material dealer 材料经销商equipment distributor 设备经销商geographical scope 地理范围technological dimension 技术尺度；技术因素site condition （建筑）工地条件in harmony 和谐peak period 高峰阶段working efficiency 工作效率residential construction 住宅建设concrete mixer 水泥搅拌车，混凝土搅拌车urban design 市区规划construction supervision 工程监理site investigation 现场调查foundation design 基础设计development permit 开发许可申请financial evaluation 财务评估Unit 2project delivery systems 项目建设模式contract package 合同包design-bid-build 设计-招标-建造模式design-build 设计-建造总承包模式construction management 建筑工程管理模式design-manage 设计-管理模式lowest bidder 最低投标construction drawing 建筑图纸federal procurement statute 联邦采购法规budget constraint 预算限制unit cost 单位成本delivery speed 运输速度Unit 3 project planning 项目计划project scope 项目范围activity network diagram 工序网络图critical path 关键路径Gantt chart 甘特图work breakdown structure 任务分解结构triple constraint 三角形约束resource utilization 资源利用back-loaded work plan 后置工作计划Unit 4 construction management 建筑管理civil engineering 土木工程civil engineers 土木工程师senior manager 高层管理人员middle manager 中层管理人员financial issue 融资问题geographic area 地域范围human resources management 人力资源管理project scheduling 工程的进度计划in-house training 机构内部培训staff size 人员规模on-the-job training 在职培训accounting 会计学bargaining and negotiation 议价和谈判engineering law 工程法规Unit 5 international competitive bidding 国际竞争性招标reverse auction 逆向竞拍official regulation 官方监管proposed contract 合同草案approval process 审批手续；批准流程equipment installation 设备安装invitation to bid 投标邀请书Unit 6progress management 进度管理project life cycle 项目生命周期feasibility study 可行性研究stand-alone project 独立的项目prior to 在···前schedule compression 进度表压缩intermediate phase 中间阶层；中间阶段application area 应用领域conceptual development 理念上的进展project manager 项目经理a single design phase 单一设计阶段cost and staffing levels 成本和员工水平stakeholder 股东；利益相关者Unit 7cost management 成本管理search out 寻找到；查出cash flow 现金流量；现金流Integrated Change Control 综合变量控制vigorous competition 激烈的竞争financial transaction 财务事项fixed price 标价；不二价list price 价格表；价目表bid price 出价；递价blanket price 一揽子价格nominal price 名义价格floor price 最低价格import price 进口价export price 出口价current price 时价；现行价contract price 合同价competitive price 竞争价格official price 公定价格；官方定价Unit 8 quality management 质量管理quality control 质量控制quality assurance 质量保证shrinkage characteristics 收缩特性freeze and thaw property 冻融性能concrete structure 混凝土结构final product 建成物well-dimensioned 尺寸完备的working drawing 施工图optimal design procedure 最佳设计程序at the outset 在开始water/cement ration 水灰比cement content 水泥用量reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土materials selection 选材；材料选择Total Quality Control 全面质量控制Unit 9 safety management 安全管理walk through 步行穿过hard hat 安全帽safety goggle 防护眼镜safety boot 防护靴work glove 工作手套ear plug 耳塞face mask 面罩Unit 10 project risk management 项目风险管理issue management 问题管理white paper 白皮书risk identification 风险识别risk quantification 风险量化risk response 风险对策；风险应对risk monitoring and control风险监控avoid the risk 规避风险transfer the risk 转移风险mitigate the risk 减轻风险accept the risk 接受风险risk response plan 风险应对计划Unit 3 工程项目计划Text A参考译文：Para.3甘特图是一个说明项目进度计划的条形图。
工程管理专业英语翻译
1. A decision whether to pump or to transport concrete in buckets will directly affect the cost and duration of tasks involved in building construction.用泵送混凝土还是用吊斗浇筑混凝土的决定将直接影响建筑物施工中各项任务的成本和时间2.In selecting among alternative methods and technologies, it may be necessary to formulate a number of construction plans based on alternative methods or assumptions. 在选择施工方法和技术时，有必要根据各种备选的施工方法和假设制订若干套施工计划。
3.This examination of several alternatives is often made explicit in bidding competitions in which several alternative designs may be proposed or value engineering for alternative construction methods may be permitted这种对几个备选方案之间的评比在公开招标中表现的十分明显：在设计招标中会要求提交数个设计方案；在施工招标中会用到价值工程的方法4. In this case, potential constructors may wish to prepare plans for each alternative design using the suggested construction method as well as to prepare plans for alternative construction methods which would be proposed as part of the value engineering process.在这个案例中，潜在的承包商需要针对每个备选设计方案根据被建议的施工方法来制定具体的计划；也需要针对每个备选施工方法制定具体计划，而这些施工方法选择会被推荐应用价值工程方法5.In forming a construction plan, a useful approach is to simulate the construction process either in the imagination of the planner or with a formal computer based simulation technique.根据施工计划人员的想象或者利用以计算机为工具的仿真技术队施工过程进行模拟。
工程管理专业英语翻译Chapter 1-5
Chapter 11.1 introduction"To form by assembling parts" is the dictionary definition for construct, but the phrase also is a metaphor for the construction itself. 由各组成部分所构成是对建筑在字典中的定义，它也是对建筑本身的比喻。
Just as divergent materials come together to form a structure, so, too, does a diverse group of people come together to make the project possible.正如将各种不同材料组成构筑物，将不同人群聚集到一起也一样，使实现一个项目成为可能。
To bring together numerous independent businesses and corporate personalities into one goal-oriented process is the particular challenge of the construction industry. 把多个互不相关的行业和独立人群聚集到一起来实现一个共同目标对建筑业而言是独特的挑战。
The organizational cultures of architects, engineers, owners, builders, manufacturers, and suppliers may seem to work against the real need to forge a partnership that will ensure the success of a project. 建筑师，工程师，业主，建造者，制造商和供应商的组织文化看似违背了一个真实需求，这个需求是形成一个合作体（关系）以确保项目成功。
工程管理专业英语(1)
工程管理专业英语一、Please write the English or Chinese expressions illustrative of the following drawings of typical tender workflow and typical contract workflow.（请写出下图所绘的典型的招标工作流程和典型的合同流程的英文或者中文）二、Translate the following Chinese/English into English/Chine.（把下面的中文/英文翻译成英文/中文）（一）设计/施工过程design/construct process（二）房地产开发商the real estate developer（三）投机性住宅市场the speculative housing market（四）项目管理project management（五）项目全寿命期project life cycle（六）项目范围project scope（七）专业化服务professional service（八）重大基础项目建设infrastructure and heavy construction （九）住宅类房屋建设resident housing construction（十）办公和商业用房建设institutional and commercial building construction（十一）专业化工业项目建设specialized industrial construction （十二）专业咨询师professional counselor（十三）总承包商general contractor（十四）价值工程value engineering（十五）竞争性招标competitive bidding（十六）建筑和工程设计公司architectural and engineering（A/E）firm（十七）运营与维护管理operation and maintenance management （十八）设计/施工公司design/construct firm（十九）分包商subcontractor（二十）设施管理facility managemen（二十一）预算安排budget arrangement（二十二）进度安排scheduling arrangement（二十三）工程变更changes（二十四）施工索赔claims（二十五）运筹学opsearch（二十六）非生产性non-productive（二十七）临时性工作暂停temporary work stoppage（二十八）土木工程civil engineering（二十九）通用采购公告general procurement noticet（三十）现场踏勘site visits（三十一）技术规范与图纸specification and drawings（三十二）建筑公司construction company（三十三）建筑与工程设计公司architectural and engineering（A/E）firm（三十四）现场质量监督on site quality inspection（三十五）施工图shop drawings（三十六）施工合同construction contract（三十七）设计/施工公司design/construct firm（三十八）设施维护facility maintenance（三十九）工程量清单bill of quantities（四十）竣工图纸as-built drawings（四十一）关键线路法critical path method（CPM）（四十二）质量保证quality assurance（四十三）全面质量控制total quality control三、Short Answer Questions.（简要的回答问题）（一）What does specialized industrial construction include? Can you give some examples?Answer：P8 第二段1-3行（Specialized industrial construction usually ……or nuclear power plants.）（二）What does infrastructure and heavy construction include? Can you give some examples?Answer：P9 第二段1-4行（Infrastructure and heavy construction includes ……sewage treatment plants.）（三）What is project management?Answer：P20 第三段全部（Project management is the art of directing ……and participation satisfaction.）（四）Which areas should be mastered for a project manager?Answer：P21-22 第三段全部加粗黑体字（1-9点）（五）What is competitive bidding ?Answer：P66 第一段1-6行（competitive bidding is ……and by preventing favoritism.）（六）Whether to bid on a project ?Answer：P67 第二、三段自行归纳（七）What do bidding documents generally include ?Answer：P60 第四段4-8行（they generally include ……and necessary appendices.）（八）What factors should be taken into account in prequalification of bidders ?Answer：P60 第二段倒数1-3行三点（九）What shall the Borrower firstly examine in evaluation of bids?Answer：P62-63 第五段1-3行（The Borrower shall examine the bids ……Otherwise generally in order.）（十）Which situations can the Borrower reject all bids ?Answer：P63 第一段2-5行（If a bid is not ……it shall not be considered further.）（十一）What does The Direct costs estimate include ?Answer：P67 第四段4-5行（The direct costs estimate includes the costs of ……Involved in the construction.）（十二）What does The Mark-up include ?Answer：P67 第四段8-9行（The mark-up includes the allowances ……profit and risk.）（十三）What factors affect bidding success ?Answer：P68 第二段五点（十四）How can a construction company increase competitive advantage?Answer：P69 第一段四点（十五）Why do quality control and safety represent increasingly important concerns for project managers?Answer：P148 第一段2-6行（Defects or failures in constructed facilities can ……these increased direct costs.）（十六）Why should quality requirements should be clear and verifiable?Answer：P149 第二段3-5行（Quality requirements should be clear and ……the requirements for conformance.）（十七）By what safety during the construction project is influenced in large part?Answer：P149 第三段1-2行（Safety during the construction project ……and design process.）（十八）For the purpose of insuring compliance ,what steps and methods are commonly used as the basis for accepting or rejecting work completed and batches of materials?Answer：P152 第一段4-6行（For the purpose of ……and batches of materials.）（十九）For smaller projects, who might assume the responsibility for quality and safety assurance?Answer：P149 第四段6-7行（For smaller projects ……and other responsibilities.）（二十）Can you give us a brief introduction about ISO9000?Answer：P153 第二段倒数1-4行（The best known formal certification for ……Implementation and review.）（二十一）Why is total quality control is difficult to apply ,particular in construction?Answer：P154 第一段1-4行（The unique nature of each ……in construction difficult.）（二十二）What are the major differences between the sampling by attribute and the sampling by variables?Answer：P157 第一段3-8行两点（二十三）Why is construction a relatively hazardous undertaking?Answer：无四、Relate and analyze the following question.（叙述和分析以下问题）（一）Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the cost-plus-fee agreements.Answer：P75-76自行归纳（二）Can you describe how does the project life cycle of a constructed facility work ?Answer：P1-4自行归纳五、Translation.（翻译）（一）Job-site productivity is influenced by many factors. Which can be characterized either as labor characteristics, project work conditions or as non-productive activities.工作现场生产率受多种因素的影响。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
工程管理专业英语全文翻译Unit 1 the owner’s perspective 第1单元业主的观点1.2 Major Types of Construction 1.2大建筑类型Since most owners are generally interested in acquiring only aspecific type of constructed facility, they should be aware of the common industrial practices for the type of construction pertinent to them [1]. Likewise, the construction industry is a conglomeration of quite diverse segments and products. Some owners may procure a constructed facility only once in a long while and tend to look forshort term advantages. However ,many owners require periodic acquisition of new facilities and/or rehabilitation of existing facilities. It is to their advantage to keep the construction industry healthy and productive. Collectively, the owners have more power to influence the construction industry than they realize because, by their individual actions, they can provide incentives for innovation, efficiency and quality in construction [2]. It is to the interest of all parties that the owners take an active interest in the construction and exercise beneficial influence on the performance of the industry.由于大多数业主通常只对获得特定类型的建筑设施感兴趣，所以他们应该了解与他们有关的建筑类型的常见工业实践[1]。
同样，建筑行业是一个相当多样化的部门和产品的集团。
一些业主可能会长时间采购建筑设施一次，并倾向于寻找短期优势。
然而，许多业主需要定期收购新设施和/或修复现有设施。
保持建筑业的健康和生产力是有利的。
总的来说，业主对施工行业的影响力比他们意识到的要大，因为他们可以通过个人行动来提供创新，效率和施工质量的激励[2]。
所有各方的利益，业主积极兴趣，对行业表现有利影响。
In planning for various types of construction, the methods of procuring professional services, awarding construction contracts, and financing the constructed facility can be quite different. For the purpose of discussion, the broad spectrum of constructed facilities may be classified into four major categories, each with its own characteristics.在规划各类施工时，采购专业服务，授予施工合同，建设设施融资方式可能有很大的不同。
为了讨论的目的，广泛的建筑设施可以分为四个主要类别，每个类别都有自己的特点。
Residential Housing Construction住宅建设Residential housing construction includes single-family houses,multi-family dwellings, and high-rise apartments [3]. During the development and construction of such projects, the developers or sponsors who are familiar with the construction industry usually serve as surrogate owners and take charge, making necessary contractual agreements for design and construction, and arranging the financing and sale of the completed structures [4]. Residential housing designs are usually performed by architects and engineers, and the construction executed by builders who hire subcontractors for the structural, mechanical, electrical and other specialty work. An exception to this pattern is for single-family houses as is shown in Figure 1-2, which may be designed by the builders as well. The residential housing market is heavily affected by general economic conditions, tax laws, and the monetary and fiscal policies of the government. Often, a slight increasein total demand will cause a substantial investment in construction, since many housing projects can be started at different locations by different individuals and developers at the same time [5]. Because of the relative ease of entry, at least at the lower end os the market, many new builders are attracted to the residential housing construction. Hence, this market is highly competitive, with potentially high risks as well as high rewards.住宅建设包括单户住房，多户住宅和高层公寓[3]。
在开发和建设这些项目时，熟悉建筑行业的开发商或赞助商通常作为代理业主，负责设计和建造的必要合同协议，并安排完成的建筑物的融资和销售[4 ]。
住宅设计通常由建筑师和工程师进行，建筑师由结构，机械，电气和其他专业工作的分包商执行施工。
这种模式的一个例外是单户住宅，如图1-2所示，也可以由建设者设计。
住房市场受到一般经济状况，税法以及政府货币和财政政策的严重影响。
通常，总需求略有增加将对建设进行大量投资，因为许多住房项目可以在不同的地点由不同的个人和开发商同时启动[5]。
由于入口相对容易，至少在市场上较低端，许多新建筑商被吸引到住宅房屋建设中。
因此，这个市场竞争激烈，风险高，回报率高。
Institutional and commercial building construction encomprasses a great variety of project types and sizes, such as schools and universities, medical clinics and hospitals, recreational facilities and sports stadiums, retail chain stores and large shopping centers, warehouse and light manufacturing plants, and skyscrapers for offices and hotels, as is shown in Figure1-3 [6]. The owners of such buildings may or may not be familiar with construction industry practices, but they usually are able to select competent professional consultants andarrange the financing of the constructed facilities themselves. Specialty architects and engineers are often engaged for designing a specific type of building, while the builders or general contractors undertaking such projects may also be specialized in only that type of building.机构和商业建筑施工包括各种各样的项目类型和规模，如学校和大学，医疗诊所和医院，娱乐设施和体育场馆，零售连锁店和大型购物中心，仓库和轻工厂，以及办公室的摩天大楼和酒店，如图1-3所示[6]。