翻译理论与实践作业
《英汉翻译理论与实践》课程练习及答案
一．英汉翻译理论与实践课程之教案目录第1讲“翻译”溯源第2讲翻译的本质第3讲翻译的标准第4讲翻译面面观第5讲翻译必有“失”/ 失于此而得于彼（两讲合并）第6讲翻译与联想第7讲翻译与语法第8讲翻译与语体第9讲翻译与语篇第10讲英汉十大差异第11讲形合与意合第12讲代词的困惑第13讲Connotation的翻译第14讲翻译与词典第15讲以“模糊”求精确第16讲落笔知轻重译文讲分寸第17讲翻译最难是口吻第18讲翻译与形象思维第19讲翻译与灵感思维第20讲英语修辞的翻译（包括连接三讲）第21讲翻译中的文化冲击第22讲思维是语言的脊梁（两讲合并）第23讲翻译美学之思考（两讲合并）二．汉英翻译理论与实践课程之教案目录第1讲汉译英呼唤文字功力第2讲语篇与翻译第3讲：英汉语美感比读（两讲合并）第4讲：理性概译：翻译之坦途第5讲：英语句式的亮点：非人称主语句（两讲合并）第6讲：汉译英有用的句型（两讲合并）第7讲：类析汉译英常见拙译（三讲合并）第8讲：从“湖光山色”的英译说开去（两讲合并）第9讲：Denotation和Connotation（两讲合并）第10讲：翻译，你的本质是什么？第11讲：归化与异化----汉语习语的英译一．英汉翻译理论与实践课程之练习第1讲“翻译”溯源试将下列文字译成汉语：1/ Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Eugene A. Nida & Charles R. Taber: The Theory and Practice of Translation, 1969)2/ Translation may be defined as follows:The replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL)3/ A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. A translation should have all the ease of the original composition. (A. F. Tytler: Essay on the Principles of Translation. 1791)参考译文1/ 所谓翻译，是在译语中用最切近的自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先是意义，其次是文体。
矿大研究生英语翻译理论与实践课外作业(3)
I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese and pay attention to the translation of the blackened parts (if any).1.He made sincere apologies to each of the teachers.译文：他向每个老师致以诚挚的歉意。
2.“Impossible” is a word to be found only in the dictionary of fools.译文：只有在傻子的字典里才有“不可能”这个词。
3.We have no more right to consume happiness without producing it than to consume wealth without producingit.译文：我们不创造幸福就无权享受幸福，就像不创造财富就无权享用财富一样。
4.Children begin by loving their parents. After a time they judge them. Rarely, if ever, do they forgive them.译文：孩子们都是开始时爱父母，后来开始评价父母，但几乎不会原谅父母。
ter, Churchill told me that such hesitations were really rare.译文：后来，丘吉尔告诉我，这种犹豫确实是很少见的。
6.Then I thanked my host and walked down the broad lawn, back to the meadow and the sparkling brook,where I lay on the grass and fell into a sweet sleep.译文：接着我向主人道了谢径直走向宽阔的草坪，回到了水波闪闪的小溪边，我躺在溪边的草地上进入了甜美的梦乡。
翻译理论与实践智慧树答案
翻译理论与实践智慧树答案科目: 翻译理论与实践题型: 选择题1. 下列哪项不是译者在翻译时需要考虑的文化因素？A. 信仰B. 礼仪C. 种族D. 特长答案: D2. 下列哪个不是文化障碍的类型？A. 言语障碍B. 交际障碍C. 行为障碍D. 逻辑障碍答案: D3. 翻译中最基本的也是最重要的原则是什么？A. 信达雅B. 传神C. 意译D. 直译答案: A4. 常用的翻译技巧有哪些？A. 微调B. 加译C. 删译D. 全部都对答案: D5. 翻译的风格特点主要有几种？A. 浅显易懂型B. 优美文章型C. 客观精确型D. 全部都对答案: D题型: 填空题1. __________ 翻译是指在目标语种中加入某些适当的元素以进行更全面、更精确的信息传达。
答案: 加译2. 在进行情景翻译时，需要将原文中的语境、背景、文化因素等因素与译文的语境、背景、文化因素等进行 __________。
答案: 对等化3. 翻译的信息点是指 __________ 中传达的关键性信息。
答案: 原文4. 交替翻译是指将 __________ 切分成若干小部分，分别进行翻译且所有小部分的翻译结果相连接的翻译方式。
答案: 大段文字5. 翻译中的流畅度主要包括句子的 __________ 和句子之间的衔接。
答案: 语法结构题型: 判断题1. 语言障碍是指由于不同文化语境背景而导致的沟通障碍。
答案: 错误2. 对外汉语翻译中，直译和意译之间没有定性上的区别。
答案: 错误3. 翻译是一项高度受限制的专业，翻译员需对译文的语言、风格、结构、信息点等进行全面的分析和思考。
答案: 正确4. 翻译的最基本原则是信达雅，即要忠实地传达原文的意思，同时保持译文的风格、语言的流畅性。
答案: 正确5. 联想翻译是指根据原文中的某个词或短语的联想意义来对其进行翻译。
答案: 正确题型: 简答题1. 解释直译和意译的区别。
答案: 直译是指把以一种语言写出的原文一字不漏地翻译成目标语言，尽可能贴近译文语言的结构和表达方式。
理论与实践 英语作文
理论与实践英语作文Theory and Practice。
Theory and practice are two important aspects of any field of study or profession. Theory refers to the principles, concepts, and ideas that are used to explain a particular phenomenon or set of phenomena. Practice, on the other hand, refers to the application of these principles, concepts, and ideas in real-world situations. Both theory and practice are essential for a complete understanding of any subject, and they are often interdependent.In many fields, theory and practice are seen as separate entities that are not always connected. For example, in the field of education, there is often a divide between theoretical knowledge and practical experience. Teachers may learn about teaching methods and educational theory in their college courses, but they may not have the opportunity to apply these concepts in real classroomsuntil they begin their teaching careers. This can lead to agap between what teachers know and what they are able to do in practice.However, in other fields, theory and practice are closely intertwined. For example, in the field of science, theories are developed based on observations and experiments. These theories are then tested and refined through further experimentation and observation. In this way, theory and practice are constantly informing each other, and the two are inseparable.In order to be successful in any field, it is important to have a strong understanding of both theory and practice. Theoretical knowledge provides a foundation for practical application, while practical experience helps to refine and improve theoretical concepts. For example, a doctor who has a deep understanding of medical theory will be better equipped to diagnose and treat patients, but it is only through practical experience that the doctor will be able to develop the skills and judgment necessary to make accurate diagnoses and provide effective treatment.In conclusion, theory and practice are both essentialfor a complete understanding of any subject or profession. While they are often seen as separate entities, they are actually interdependent and should be seen as complementary. By combining theoretical knowledge with practical experience, individuals can develop a deep understanding of their field and become more effective practitioners.。
翻译症作业
翻译理论与实践2第五次作业：翻译症针对性翻译练习学号：姓名：班级：成绩：1.The report noted proposals that eating less fat and more food with whole grains and otherfibers can protect against cancer.这份报告特别提到了“少食脂肪,多吃含全粮食物和其他纤维素的食物能预防癌症的那些建议。
不难看出,原译完全按原文定语从句的结构去译,语序不变,显得定语太长,不符合汉语的表达习惯,使读者读起来非常困难。
这个报告特别提到,有人建议少吃脂肪,多吃全粮食品和其它含纤维素的食物能预防癌症。
2.It noted that being overweight has been linked to sickness and death from such diseases ashigh blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease and gallbladder disease.报告指出，肥胖会导致高血压、糖尿病、心脏病和胆囊等方面的疾病，甚至造成死亡。
3.The fierce light of the burning house lighted Kino’s face strongly.燃烧中的房子的熊熊火光强烈地照亮了他的脸。
4.Twenty thousand plants are listed by the World Health Organization as being used fortherapeutic purposes.原译：20000种植物被世界卫生组织列为可以被用作治疗目的。
改译：世界卫生组织列出了20000种药用植物。
三：克服翻译腔的方法正确使用工具书。
只满足于英汉词典的汉语释义5.When I told him what I had just done and why, his weathered face slowly changed..我把刚才做的事告诉他并解释原因,他那饱经风霜的脸上,脸色慢慢变了。
(完整版)大学英语翻译全教程(完美版)练习与作业
To make a long story short. It is another story now. He storied about his academic career and his professional career. I don ’ t buyuyrostory. Once the story got abroad, I would never hear the last of it. Of Studies 选段： Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and
Once in a blue moon
as cool as a cucumber
Black sheep
as timid as a rabbit
4.音译法
1
karaoke Guitar Model Coffee Sofa 气功 太极 功夫 狗不理 好利来 5.音译意译结合法 KFC
三、词法翻译
1.对等译法 直接找到同原文对等的表达。
2
retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.
作业二：句子的翻译
一、普通句子的翻译
1.换序译法 更换原文的词序，使得译文通顺。 even the wild animals of his homeland, it seemed to Kunta, had more dignity than these creatures. 2.断句译法 长而复杂的句子，适当断开翻译。 the shark swung over and the old man saw his eye was not alive and then he swung over once again, wrapping himself in two loops of the rope. 3.转句译法 原文词语具有丰富含义，需要译文转译成一个句子。 a crashing thunderstorm, with thick rain hissing down from skies black as night, stopped Victor Henry from leaving the White House. 4.合句译法 英语句子一般较长，汉语句子较短，所以汉译英时常把几个句子合起来译成一个英语句子。 贾琏见他去了，只得回来瞧凤姐。／谁知凤姐已醒了，听他和鸳鸯借当。 5.缩句译法 将原文的一个句子转换为译文句子的一个部分。 her father became the mayor of the city. He was a murderer in the Second World War. 6.转态译法 原译文的主被动语态进行转换。 she hadn’t been told Bette’s other name, or sh’ed forgotten it. 7.正反译法 原文中的否定词译文翻译为肯定词， 肯定词翻译为否定词， 相反也可以这样。 we must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. He seemed to be at a loss for the precise words to elaborate his opinion.
翻译理论与实践课讲义及作业
Homework:将下列句子或段落译成汉语，注意斜体部分单词或短语。
1.The dollar fell to new lows on Friday on rumours that China might shift some ofits currency reserves away from the greenback, highlighting the dollarrelated jitters in financial markets.2.The fragility in currency and bond markets has centered on fears that Asian centralbanks might dump US assets to avoid large losses as the dollar’s value falls. The markets’nerves were highlighted by Friday’s investor reaction to a report, later retracted, that China’s central bank was offloading US Treasury bonds.3.On the other hand, if a child is made to believe that he couldn’t survive withouthis dad or mon bailing him out or somehow protecting him, it has the opposite result. Carducci says it sends a clear message to kids that they are incapable of success or decision-making without their parents. Furthermore, many professionals contend overparented kids are at a higher risk for anxiety disorders and depression. They also tend to have trouble charting their course later in life.4.“There is evidence all around us that people are pushing back their bed times,”said Vicky Santos, exective director of AC Nielsen’s Singapore office, citing distractions ranging from late night entertainment to all-night shopping and the Internet.5.Portugal boasts more night owls than any other country with three-quarters ofthose polled still up after midnight, the poll, conducted over the Internet in October, showed. In contrast, Australians nodded off the earliest and got the longest hours of beauty sleep.6.Growing up in North Carolina, Charles Smith was the all-American guy. Beingbuilt, good-looking, and a good athlete, eh caught the eye of many women in town.本周讲义：Unit 6 语义阐释Semantic ExplicationEg5 Chicago is alos a mecca of jazz and blues, major league sports, theaters and museums, and places to snack or dine in style.Eg6 The night seemed endless and the road interminable, and the sounds and murmurs of the countryside filled me with apprehension, though I pretended to myself I did not care.Eg7 Suddenly there was a tramping in the hall and into the gallery came Lord Robartes, his boots splashed with mud, the rain running from his coat. His staff officers stood beside him, and one and all wore faces grim and purposeful.Eg8 The new brand notebooks offers brain, beauty and brawn in one slick package. Eg9 No maid could have more tender or more intunitiv e a lover.Eg10 “My father,”he said briefly, “had certain—how shall I put it?—shipping transactions, which necessitated privacy. The tunnel was therefore useful in many ways.”Eg11 When the two rooms were in order, and the servants had helped Matty to repair the door, thus giving me my privacy form Joan, I sent them from me to give assistance to Joan in making place for Gartred in the southern front.Eg12 He was almost sinfully handome.Eg13 She saw a devastatingly handsome man who greatly disturbed her.Eg14 Opening his hands, he added, “You’re the last person I ever want to lie to, Kulani.”WOUld she believe him? He was the tears glittering dangerously in her black eyes, saw the incredible pain in her gaze.。
翻译实践报告9篇
翻译实践报告9篇翻译实践报告1大二的下学，我的职责是俄语翻译，翻译一些资料。
实习的目的是增加社会实践经验，迅速将翻译理论知识应用到实践当中，并加强使用计算机和翻译工具的能力。
翻译实践的过程中，我总结了4种必备的翻译工具：一是灵格斯翻译工具，里面可安装简明俄汉词典、新俄汉词典、大俄汉词典、俄汉实用工业技术词典；二是百度搜索工具；三是google搜索工具；四是яндех搜索工具——专业的俄文搜索工具。
翻译的具体步骤可如下：首先可以现在灵格斯里查询不懂的单词或词组，寻找最符合原文的解释。
当然这只是最基本的做法，但是由于缺少专业的科技词典，在灵格斯往往是查询不出所需的单词或语义。
于是，求助于google和яндех则是很有必要的。
按照我自己的经验来说，我采取同时在google和яндех搜索的做法，并对同种搜索工具搜索结果进行比较。
它们有着各自的优缺点。
google的优点是打开俄文页面的同时可以同时打开另外一个翻译页面，即google可以自动把页面从________语俄语翻译成汉语，而缺点是经常发生翻译错误，翻译的可信度是50%。
яндех的优点是用俄语词组和句子解释俄语词汇，意义更准确，更贴近原文，而缺点就是有时用于释义的词汇过于深奥，过于专业，相当于用更专业的词汇解释专业词汇，即难上加难。
所以我认为最后就需要用到百度工具了。
结合google和яндех的参考翻译，用百度搜索翻译过的专业词汇，查看是否有相同或相近的专业用语，之后才确定出最准确的译法。
自己校对，虚心地向本专业的老师和材料学院的老师请教。
首先进行的自己去校对。
原以为会限于“当局者迷”之说而不懂查看、修改自己的译文。
但认真看完一遍译文之后才知道自己的眼睛还算是锐利的，检查出不少错误。
比如最明显的一处是有一个句子翻译得不通顺，如果是一个没看过原文的人肯定是看不懂得。
还有专业术语的译错。
但错的最离谱的是编辑排版上的错误。
于是我反复对照原文和译文之后，及时把发现的错误都改了过来。
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班级：2011英研姓名：赵金美学号：20111100335英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。
常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、倒置法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。
一、增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。
这种方式多半用在汉译英里。
汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。
英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。
英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。
因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。
英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。
因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。
英语句子离不开介词和冠词。
另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。
总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。
如：1）You could be mad as a mad dog at the way things went.你可以像疯狗那样对周围的一切愤愤不平．（出处：电影《返老还童》2） A she sailed into it.在他航行中找到的。
（出处：电影《加勒比海盗4》）3）Spanzurati it! Place the neck and lathe!吊死她！用绳子勒死她！（出处：电影《加勒比海盗4》）4）I was told you came to London Thi to find a crew.我听说你到伦敦找一个船员。
（出处：电影《加勒比海盗4》）5）You know how to get along?-Absolutely! Stop looking at me?知道如何去不老泉吗？-当然了！别再盯我看了！（出处：电影《加勒比海盗4》）6）Someday, he will return and all of China will bow at his feet.他朝他必定会回来到时候天下所有人都要臣服于他脚下。
（出处：电影《功夫熊猫2》）7）He stretched his legs which were scattered with scars.他伸出双腿，露出腿上的道道伤痕。
（出处：电影《功夫熊猫2》）8）And all you get is 3 square meals a day of...Shame.你们一日三餐虽然丰盛但却充满…耻辱。
出处：电影《功夫熊猫2》）9）Many years had they longed for a child.很多年来他们一直渴望有一个孩子。
(出处：电影《睡美人》)10）I really felt quite distressed of not receiving an invitation.没有受到邀请真的让我感到非常不沮丧。
(出处：电影《睡美人》)11)Avoid using this computer in extreme cold, heat, dust or humidity.不要在过冷、过热、灰尘过重、湿度过大的情况下使用此电脑。
(出处：/)12）只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。
While the magistrates were free to burn down house， the common people were forbidden to light lamps. （出处：/）13）三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.（出处：/）14)哥抽的不是烟，是寂寞！What brother is smoking is not a cigarette, but loneliness! （出处：/）15)偷菜 steal crops from neighbors（出处：2009年网络流行语）16)One should love animals. They are so tasty.每个人都应该热爱动物，因为它们很好吃。
(出处：雷人流行美语20句）二：省译法省译法：这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。
增译法的例句反之即可。
如：1) 铰接式公共汽车 articulated bus （出处：/）2) 北大“会商制度”consultation program （出处: 2010网络流行语）3)我们要培养分析问题、解决问题的能力。
We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems.（出处：/）4) Maleficent walks toward the dungeon. Her raven and the fairies follow her. Maleficent talks to Phillip, who sits chained to the wall,head dow.莫丽费森朝着地牢走去。
她的乌鸦和仙女们跟在她后面。
莫丽费森对着被束缚在墙上，坐着，低着头的菲利普说。
（出处：《睡美人》）5）I know. “And if I see any strangers, don’t talk to them.”我知道，“如果我看到陌生人，别和他们说话( 出处：《狮子王2》）6)You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。
（出处：/）7）Nothing there but a bunch of backstabbing, murderous outsiders.那里只有一群会暗箭伤人又可怕的荒原人。
( 出处：《狮子王2》）8）As the desert is like a sea, so is the camel like a ship.沙漠似海，骆驼似舟。
(出处：2009网络流行语）9）Because everyone uses language to talk, everyone thinks he can talk about language.人人都用语言交谈，人人也就自认为能够谈论语言。
(出处：/）10）Zazu’s right. You cant’s turn your back on them.沙祖说得对你绝对不能背对着他们。
11）Every man should marry. After all, happiness is not the onlything in life.再快乐的单身汉迟早也会结婚，幸福不是永久的嘛。
(出处：雷人流行美语20句）12）Flora turns the rocks into soap-bubbles. A wall of arrows is shot but quickly turned into flying flowers. Merryweather frees Samson. Phillip rides off on Samson towards the gate, where hot oil is thrown. Flora turns it into a rainbow. The raven flies towards Maleficent's tower, trying to wake her. He is followed by Merryweather, who first fails to hit him with her magic. At last, she turns him into a stone raven just outside Maleficent's door. Maleficent appears in the door.费洛拉把岩石变成了肥皂泡。
一堵墙似的剑被射出但很快变成飞着的花朵。
玛丽怀特释放了参森。
菲利普骑上参森朝着大门（跑去），在那里热油被抛下来，费洛拉把它变成彩虹。
乌鸦朝着莫丽费森的塔飞去，想要唤醒她。
(乌鸦)被跟在后面的玛丽怀特先用她的魔棒打它没击中。
最后她把它变成了石头乌鸦正好在莫丽费森的门外。
莫丽费森出现在门口。
（出处：电影《睡美人》）三：转换法转换法：指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句型和语态等进行转换。
具体的说，就是在词性方面，把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词；把动词转换成名词、形容词、副词、介词；把形容词转换成副词和短语。
在句子成分方面，把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语；把谓语变成主语、定语、表语；把定语变成状语、主语；把宾语变成主语。
在句型方面，把并列句变成复合句，把复合句变成并列句，把状语从句变成定语从句。
在语态方面，可以把主动语态变为被动语态。
如：1）事实胜于雄辩。
Facts speak louder than words.（出处：/）2）新官上任三把火。
A new broom sweeps clean.（出处：/）3）青出于蓝而胜于蓝。
The pupil outdoes the master.（出处：/）4）They worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.他们长时间工作，吃的是粗茶淡饭，住的是冰冷的窑洞，点的是暗淡的油灯。
5) Money is not everything. There's MasterCard & Visa.钞票不是万能的，有时还需要信用卡。
(出处：雷人流行美语20句）6) The wise never marry, And when they marry they become otherwise.聪明人都是未婚的，结婚的人很难再聪明起来。
(出处：雷人流行美语20句）7) Kill the goose that lays the golden eggs. 杀鸡取卵。