英语倒装句的用法

英语倒装句的用法英语句子按主谓排列顺序来分有正常语序和倒装语序。

正常语序的结构是“主语+谓语”，倒装语序为“谓语（或谓语的一部分）+主语”。

1）部分倒装---- 助动词\情态动词+主语+谓语的实义动词型2）全倒装---- 谓语+主语型在以下结构中用全倒装此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。

常见的结构有：1.在there be或者There live(stand,appear.seem,remain,exist….) 句型中；如There are thousands of peopl e on the square. Thousands of peopl e are there on the square.There lived an ol d fisherman in the village. 原语序：An ol d fisherman lived there in the village.There stands a littl e girl. 正常语序：A littl e girl stands there.2.在“here, there, now, thus, th en+动词+主语”的句子中,(谓语动词为be, go,come, lie, run等转移动词一起连用，主语为名词);如: Now comes my turn. There goes the bell. Then came the ord er to l eave.Here comes a bus= A bus comes here.A）此类倒装不用进行时态。

Here comes a taxi! There goes the last train! 有辆出租车来了!最后一班火车开走了! (注意这里不可用进行时)B）上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。

Here it comes！There it goes！3.在“out\ in, up\ down, off\away，in the distance,on the hill,round the corner”等表示方向性的副词或表示地点的介词词组位于句首，且主语又是名词，谓语是表示运动的动词。

Away went the crowed one by one. In came a stranger in black.Out rushed the chil dren.. Down fell the l eaves. On the fl oor were pil es of ol d books.☆注意：主语必须是名词eg: Out she went.There they are. Here he comes. 而Out went the girl. Here comes the boy.地点状语后面如有表示位置的动词(如lie, live, sit, stand) 或转移的动词(如come, go, rise)，用作主语的名词可以放在动词之后。

这种情形主要出现在描写文中。

如：At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel. 那座小教堂矗立在山顶上。

In the fields of poppies lay the dying soldiers. 罂粟地里躺着奄奄一息的士兵们。

别的动词如属被动语态也可以倒装。

In the distance could be seen the purple mountains. 远处可以见到紫色的山。

主语如是代词则不能倒装：At the top of the hill it stood out against the sky. 它背衬青天矗立在山顶上。

?有时为了强调或者为了使句子平衡或者为了使上下文连接得更加紧密，就将表语和地点状语(多为介词短语)置于句首，谓语动词也常置于主语前，构成完全倒装。

如：By the door stood an armed guard. 门口站着一名手持武器的士兵。

At the next table was a pretty girl waiting for someone. 隔壁桌上坐着一个等人的漂亮姑娘。

Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。

By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。

At the front of the book is a table of contents, giving details of what is in the book. 书的前部有目录，详列了书中的内容。

*4.有时为了强调表语，构成“表语+连系动词+主语”结构；eg: Lucky is she who was chosen to be a l eader.=She who was chosen to be a l ead er is lucky.Gone are the days when women were l ooked down upon!The days when women were l ooked down upon are gone!表语置于句首，且主语较长或结构较复杂的句子要用全部倒装。

如：Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat．直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时,如果主语是名词, 有时也用倒装。

“Let’s go,” said the man*5、在某些表示愿望的感叹句，全倒装。

Long live the Peopl e's Republic of China! May you be happy.在以下结构中用部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。

如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词d o, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

1. 用于疑问句中。

如：1) How are you doing﹖2) Did you see the film yesterday﹖2.含有否定或半否定意义的词语（如：not,never,sel dom,hardly,little,scarcely,barely,few…）；或者含有否定意义的连词（not only…but also.., neither..nor.., no sooner had…than...（一。

就。

），scarely..than.., Hardly had when.., not until...;nowher等）；或否定意义的介词词组（by no means(决不),in no case\way（任何情况下都不）,with no method, at no time（决不）, on no account（决不）,under no circumstances\condition...（任何情况下都不））位于句首eg:I have never seen him before.=Never have I seen him before.Not a word did he say when he l eft. Sel d om/Scarecely d oes he go to that park. Hardly(几乎不。

) do I speak to him. Littl e English can he speak.Littl e does he realize the importance of the meeting. Few peopl e did I see in the street.含有否定意义的连词：eg：1)Not only can he play basketball, but also I can. 2）No sooner had we arrived home than it began to rain. 3）Hardly had we met our friends when the train l eft.4）Not until the baby fell asl eep did the mother leave the room.(主句倒装，从句不倒装)=The mother didn’t l eave the room until the baby fell asl eep.注意：1)Not only...but also...必须连接两个分句时，才使用部分倒装。

而且只倒装not only后的分句。

如果连接的是两个并列词语，不用倒装结构。

如：Not only his father but also I like readi ng. not only…but also…前后连接两个句子时，not only后的句子要用部分倒装，但but also后的分句不用倒装。

如：Not only did he come, but he saw her. 他不仅来了，而且还见到了她。

Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。

Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。

Not only did they present a musical performance, but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western brass instruments. 他们不但做了音乐表演，而且简短地介绍了西方铜管乐器的历史。

2)Hardly...when..., Scarcely...than..., No sooner...than...意义基本相同，它们连接的句子，都只倒装前一个分句，及“前倒后不倒（装）”。

3)当not until（直到。

才）引导主从复合句时，主句倒装，从句不用倒装，或者可以理解为“后倒前不倒（装）”。

1. Not only ___, but he himself was badly beaten up.A. was he robbed everything he hadB. everything he had was robbed ofC. had everything he had been robbed ofD. was he robbed of everything he had2. I finally was admitted to Beijing University. Never in all my life ___ so happy.A. I feltB. did I feelC. I had feltD. had I felt3. No sooner ___ to sl eep than the tel ephone rang once more.A. she wentB. she had goneC. did she goD. had she gone4. Hardly ___ to write the composition when the bell ___.A. had I begun; rangB. I was beginning; rangC. had I begun; was ringingD. I will begin; rings5. Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.A. man did knowB. man knowC. didn't man knowD. did man know含有否定意义的介词词组：如：By no means shoul d we tell lies. On no account shoul d we l et him l eave.At no time决不will I get married to you. In [Und er] no circumstances will I l end money to him.注意：in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：In no time he worked out the probl em. 他马上就算出了那道题。