基础语法-词法、句法及巩固性练习 (1)

基础语法-词法、句法及巩固性练习

二．五种简单句结构

（1）主语—系动词—表语（SVP）如：

Yangzhou is a beautiful city. (名词词组充当表语)

This idea sounds good. （形容词充当表语）

The book is on English grammar. (介词词组充当表语)

（2）主语—谓语(SV) 如：

Leaves fall in autumn.

This horse runs very fast.

（3）主语—谓语—宾语（SVO）如：

John likes music. (名词充当宾语)

They offered to help us. (动词不定式充当宾语)

（4）主语—谓语—宾语—补语（SVOC）如：

Mary found this story interesting. (形容词充当宾补)

Mother asks me to study hard. (动词不定式充当宾补)

（5）主语—谓语—宾语（间接）—宾语（直接）

The teacher gave Peter some books. (Peter 为间接宾语；some books 为间接宾语)

三. 3种句子结构

根据结构，英语的句子分为三种：简单句（也称独立句），并列句和主从句。换句话说，就句子结构而言，英语中的所有句子无非是上述三种句子中的一种。

（1）简单句：是指只有一个完整的主谓结构的句子。如：

The man arrived at the house. (一个主语+一个谓语)

The man arrived at the house and knocked at the door. （一个主语+两个谓语）

The man and the woman arrived at the house. (两个主语+一个谓语)

The man and the woman arrived at the house and knocked at the door.

(两个主语+两个谓语)

（2）并列句：是指具有两个完整的主谓结构的句子；两个主谓之间通常由并列连词或分号连接。（注意：在英语中，通常不用逗号连接两个并列句）如：

The man knocked at the door but no one answered. (并列连词连接)

The man knocked at the door; no one answered. （分号连接）

（3）主从复合句：是指含有一个主句以及一个或几个从句的句子。从句通常由连接词引导。如：

When the man arrived at the house, he knocked at the door. (状语从句+主句)

I think that you are right. (主句+宾语从句)

四、巩固性练习

II、说出下列句子中划线单词的意思、词性和句子成分：

1).a) The library closes at 5:00 p.m.

b) Tom and Peter are my close friends.

c) My hometown is located close to a big river.

d) We stayed until the close of the party.

2). a) I hope that you will back my plan at the meeting.

b) Don’t sit in the back of classroom. .

c) He grows many beautiful flowers in the back garden.

d) He asked me to walk back three steps.

3). a) I like bacon and eggs for breakfast.

b) Don’t speak to me like that.

c) Like his brother John, Peter is interested in fine arts.

d) Tom said that he would not do the like again.

4). a) Keep still when the doctor is giving you a check-up.

b) I believe you can do still better next time.

c) The meat will still have to be cooked for five minutes.

d) It was a very unpleasant affair. Still, we can’t change it.

5). a) This medicine has some side effects.

b) Susan sided with me in the discussion.

c) Come and sit by my side.

d) We should study a question on all sides.

III．分析下列句子的成分并说出谓语动词的结构：

1) The news made all us very happy.

2) The young couple named their baby son Peter.

3) The boss refused to give me a leave.

4) The manager looked very serious and left the office.

5) The hunter looked in all directions but found no target.

IV. 分析下列句子结构，说出句子的种类（即：是简单句、并列句，还是主从句）并确定构成各句的成分1) I haven’t got the dictionary at hand but I will show it to you later.

2) They said nothing about him because of his wife being there.

3) In most people, the left side of the brain deals with such things as logic, language, reasoning, number, and analysis, the so-called “academic” activities.

4) Sad stories are not very nice to read about, but if we think and talk about them, we may be able to prevent more accidents.

5) Most employers believe that those who look as if they care about themselves are more likely to care about their jobs.

V．分析下列句子