博士英语综合教程unit5翻译
全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程5-Unit 5课后答案及课文翻译
UNIT5Language Sense Enhancement1:(1) Answer: densely populated(2) Answer: uninhabitable(3) Answer: thrown into(4) Answer: migrate(5) Answer: contaminate(6) Answer: respiratory(7) Answer: widen the range(8) Answer: incidence(9) Answer: adjusting(10) Answer: wildlifeV ocabulary2:1) Its profits shrank from $5 million to $1.25 million in the last global financial crisis.2) They will have to adhere to the cultural norms of the organization in order to be successful with their database project.3) My hometown is/lies halfway in between Salk Lake City and Denver.4) I saw waves battering (against) the rocks at the bottom of the cliff.5) Flood waters washed away the only bridge connecting the village to the outside world.3:1) Your report on the new car park is fine, but why don't you beef it up with some figures?2) There is a wide variation among Internet providers in cost, features, software, reliability and customer service.3) Poverty is one of the reasons for the high incidence of crime in this neighborhood.4) I suggested we sing and dance for the elderly people in the nursing home, and all my roommates were in favor of my idea.5) Doctors who are compelled to work 36 hours at a stretch cannot possibly be fully efficient.Cloze1:(1) Answer: beef up(2) Answer: coastal(3) Answer: in favour of(4) Answer: residents(5) Answer: theoretical(6) Answer: disastrous(7) Answer: battered(8) Answer: shrinking(9) Answer: migrate(10) Answer: washed away(11) Answer: Scary(12) Answer: humanity2:(1) Answer: predicting(2) Answer: accuracy(3) Answer: basis(4) Answer: collide(5) Answer: atmosphere(6) Answer: melts(7) Answer: affected(8) Answer: actions(9) Answer: striving(10) Answer: technologiesTranslationMost scientists no longer doubt that the world is warming up and that humanity has altered climate. They agree that the long-term effects of global warming will be disastrous for the planet and its inhabitants. What is more, climate change won't be a smooth transition to a warmer world. Some regions will be greatly affected by abrupt climate changes. Enormous areas of densely populated land like coastal Florida would become uninhabitable. Hundreds of millions of residents would have to migrate to safer regions. Therefore, it is no surprise that global warming has made its way onto the agenda of world leaders.译文：我们献上一篇《时代》杂志编辑们撰写的文章，以此开始审视全球气候变暖问题。
研究生英语综合教程下册1-5课文及翻译
研究生英语综合教程下册1-5课文及翻译Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness3 This and other promising findings about the life-changing effects of crises are the province of the new science of post-traumatic growth. This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide: What doesn't kill you can actually make you stronger. Post-traumatic stress is far from the only possible outcome. In the wake of even the most terrifying experiences, only a small proportion of adults become chronically troubled. More commonly, people rebound-or even eventually thrive.诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。
这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理:大难不死，意志弥坚。
创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。
在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。
更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来—甚至最终会成功发达。
Unit2 Commercialization and Changes in Sportsmercialization has not had a dramatic effect on the format and goals of most sports. In spite of the influence of spectators, what has occurred historically is that sports have maintained their basic format. Innovations have been made within this framework, rather than completely dismantling the design of a game. For example, the commercialization of the Olympic Games has led to minor rule changes in certain events, but the basic structure of each Olympic sport has remained much the same as it was before the days of corporate endorsements and the sale of television rights. 商业化对于大多数体育运动的结构和目标没有太大的影响。
综合教程 1 Unit5the call of the wild 翻译
utes there was a hole big enough for Buck to get out ． ‘ Now ， come here ， r ed eyes ，’ said the fat man ， dropping his axe and taking the club in his right hand． 当那个胖子用斧头劈开木箱时巴克在边缘处跳着，咆哮着、撕咬着，用牙齿扯着 碎木片。一会儿，就有一个洞，大到足可以让巴克钻出来。“现在，过来，你这急红 了眼的。”那胖子说着扔下斧头，右手抄起木棍。 Buck jumped at the man ， sixty kilos of anger ， his mouth wide open ready t o bite the man’s neck ． Just before his teeth touched the skin ， the man hit him with the club ． Buck fell to the ground ． It was the first time anyone had hit him with a club and he did not understand ． He stood up ， and jumped again ． Agai n the club hit him and he crashed to the ground ．Ten times he jumped at the ma n， and ten times the club hit him ． Slowly he got to his feet ， now only just abl e to stand ．There was blood on his nose and mouth and ears ． Then the fat ma n walked up and hit him again ， very hard ， on the nose ．The pain was terrible ． Again ， Buck jumped at the man and again he was hit to the ground ．A last t ime he jumped ， and this time ， when the man knocked him down ， Buck did n ot move ． 巴克60公斤的愤怒之躯扑向那人，他大张着嘴准备一口咬住那人的脖子。就在他 的牙齿刚刚碰到皮肤的时候，那人用棍子给了他一下，巴克摔倒在地。这还是头一次 有人用棍子打他，他不知所措。他站起来，再次猛扑过去，木棍再次击中了他使他瘫 倒在地。他扑了10次，木棍就打他10次。他慢慢地站起来，现在他仅能勉强站住。 鲜血从他的口鼻和耳朵中涌出来。然后那人走上前又打了他，狠狠地击中了他的鼻子 。剧痛袭来，巴克再一次扑向那人，但他又被打倒在地。最后一次他扑上去，而这一 次，当那人把他打倒时，巴克再也没有动弹一下。 ‘He knows how to teach a dog a lesson ，’ said one of the men on the wall ． Then the four men jumped down and went back to the station ． “他可知道如何把狗制得服服帖帖的，”墙上的一个人说。然后这4个人跳下来 ，回车站去了。 ‘His name is Buck ，’said the fat man to himself ， reading the letter that ha d come with the box ．‘Well， Buck ， my by ，’he said in a friendly voice ，‘ we’ve argued a little ， and I think the best thing to do now is to stop ． Be a goo d dog and we’ll be friends ． But if you’re a bad dog ， I’ll have to use my club ag ain．Understand？’ “他的名字叫巴克。”那胖子自言自语道，读着写在木箱上的字母。“咳，巴克 ，我的孩子，”他用友好的语气说道。“我们有个小小的争斗，现在我想我们最好停 战。做一只好狗，我们会成为朋友的。但是你若使坏，我就不得不用棍子对付你了， 明白吗？” As he spoke ， he touched Buck ’ s head ， and although Buck was angry ins ide， he did not move ． When the man brought him water and meat ， Buck dra nk and then ate the meat ， piece by piece ， from the man’s hand ． 他一边说，一边抚摸着巴克的头。虽然巴克愤恨难平，他却没有再反抗。当那人 给他拿来水和肉时，巴克喝了水，又从那人的手上一片又一片地吃着肉。 Buck was beaten （he knew that ） but he was not broken ． He had learnt tha t a man with a club was stronger than him ．Every day he saw more dogs arrive ， and each dog was beaten by the fat man ． Buck understood that a man with a club must be obeyed ， although he did not have to be a friend ． 巴克挨了打（他现在知道怎么回事了），但他并未就此垮掉。他知道那个拿棍子
研究生英语综合教程上 unit5原文翻译剖析
Unit FiveThe term yoga comes from a Sanskrit word which means yoke or union. Traditionally, yoga is a method joiningthe individual self with the Divine, Universal Spirit, orCosmicConsciousness. Physical and mental exercises are designed to help achieve this goal, also calledself-transcendence or enlightenment. On the physical level yogapostures, called asanas, are designed to tone, strengthen,and align me body. These postures are performed to make the spine supple and healthy and to promote blood flow to all the organs, glands, and tissues, keeping all thebodily systems healthy. On the mental level, yoga uses breathing techniques (pranayama) and meditation (dydna)to quiet, clarify, and discipline the mind. However, experts are quick to point out that yoga is not a religion, but away of living with health and peace of mind as its aim”““瑜伽”这个词源于梵语，意思是结合”或联合“s.万物之灵或无穷的意传统上瑜伽是一种把个人和神，识联合在一起的方法。
Unit5FourteenSteps课文翻译综合教程二
Unit 5 Fourteen StepsHal Manwaring1They say a cat has nine lives,1 and I am inclined to think that possible since I am now living my third life and I’m not even a cat. My first life began on a clear, cold day in November 1934, when I arrived as the sixth of eight children of a farming family.My father died when I was 15, and we had a hard struggle to make a living. As thechildren grew up, they married, leaving only one sister and myself to support and care for Mother, who became paralyzed in her last years and died while still in her60s. My sister married soon after, and I followed her example within the year.2This was when I began to enjoy my first life. I was very happy, in excellent health, and quite a good athlete. My wife and I became the parents of two lovely girls.I had a good job in San Jose and a beautiful home up the peninsula in San Carlos.Life was a pleasant dream. Then the dream ended. I became afflicted with a slowlyprogressive disease of the motor nerves, affecting first my right arm and leg, and then my other side. Thus began my second life …3In spite of my disease I still drove to and from work each day, with the aid of special equipment installed in my car. And I managed to keep my health and optimism, to a degree, because of 14 steps.4Crazy? Not at all. Our home was a split-level affair with 14 steps leading up from the garage to the kitchen door. Those steps were a gauge of life. They were my yardstick, my challenge to continue living. I felt that if the day arrived when I wasunable to lift one foot up one step and then drag the other painfully after it —repeating the process 14 times until, utterly spent, I would be through — I could thenadmit defeat and lie down and die.2So I kept on working, kept on climbing those steps. And time passed. The girls went to college and were happily married, and mywife and I were alone in our beautiful home with the 14 steps.5You might think that here walked a man of courage and strength. Not so. Here hobbled a bitterly disillusioned cripple, a man who held on to his sanity and his wifeand his home and his job because of 14 miserable steps leading up to the back doorfrom his garage.3 As I became older, I became more disillusioned and frustrated.6Then on a dark night in August, 1971, I began my third life. It was raining when I started home that night; gusty winds and slashing rain beat down on the car as I drove slowly down one of the less-traveled roads.4Suddenly the steering wheel jerked in my hands and the car swerved violently to the right. In the same instant Iheard the dreaded bang of a blowout. I fought the car to stop on the rain-slickshoulder of the road and sat there as the enormity of the situation swept over me.5 Itwas impossible for me to change that tire! Utterly impossible! A thought that apassing motorist might stop was dismissed at once. Why should anyone? I knew Iwouldn’t! Then I remembered that a short distance up a little side road was a house.I started the engine and thumped slowly along, keeping well over on the shoulderuntil I came to the dirt road, where I turned in —thankfully. Lighted windowswelcomed me to the house and I pulled into the driveway and honked the horn.7The door opened and a little girl stood there, peering at me. I rolled down thewindow and called out that I had a flat tire and needed someone to change it for mebecause I had a crutch and couldn’t do it myself. She went into the house and amoment later came out bundled in raincoat and hat, followed by a man who called acheerful greeting. I sat there comfortable and dry, and felt a bit sorry for the manand the little girl working so hard in the storm. Well, I would pay them for it. Therain seemed to be slackening a bit now, and I rolled down the window all the way towatch. It seemed to me that they were awfully slow and I was beginning to becomeimpatient. I heard the clank of metal from the back of the car and the little girl’s-handle, Grandpa.” She was answered by voice came clearly to me. “Here’s the jackthe murmur o f the man’s lower voice and the slow tilting of the car as it was jackedup.6There followed a long interval of noises, jolts and low conversation from theback of the car, but finally it was done. I felt the car bump as the jack was removed,and I heard the slam of the truck lid, and then they were standing at my car window.8He was an old man, stooped and frail-looking under his slicker. The little girl was about eight or ten, I judged, with a merry face and a wide smile as she looked upat me. He said, “This is a bad night for car trouble, but you’re all set now.”“ThanI said. “How much do I owe you?” He shook his head. “Nothing. Cynthia told me youwere a cripple —on crutches. Glad to be of help. I know you’d do the same for me.-dollar bill. “No! I like to pay my way.” He There’s no charge, friend.” I held out a fivemade no effort to take it and the little girl stepped closer to the window and saidquietly, “Grandpa can’t see it.”9In the next few frozen seconds the shame and horror of that moment penetratedand I was sick with an intensity I had never felt before.7 A blind man and a child!Fumbling, feeling with cold, wet fingers for bolts and tools in the dark — a darknessow long I sat that for him would probably never end until death. I don’t remember hthere after they said good night and left me, but it was long enough for me to searchdeep within myself and find some disturbing traits. I realized that I was filled tooverflowing with self-pity, selfishness, indifference to the needs of others andthoughtlessness.8 I sat there and said a prayer.10“Therefore all things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do ye even9To me now, months later, this so to them: for this is the law and the prophets.”Scriptural admonition is more than just a passage in the Bible. It is a way of life, onethat I am trying to follow. It isn’t always easy. Sometimes it is frustrating, sometimes expensive in both time and money, but the value is there. I am trying now not only toclimb 14 steps each day, but in my small way to help others. Someday, perhaps, I willchange a tire for a blind man in a car — someone as blind as I had been.14级台阶人们说猫有9条命, 我倾向于认为这是可能的, 因为我现在活的是第三次生命, 而我不是猫。
unit5_硕士英语综合教程_课文翻译
Unit 5(Para. 1) It was a year ago that the term H1N1 entered the American consciousness. In April 2009, researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) discovered that two children in California had been infected with a new strain of influenza virus —originally dubbed “swine flu” but eventually and more accurately known as H1N1—even as Mexican health officials grappled with major outbreaks of a new flulike illness. By the end of the month, with new cases popping up in New York City, Canada and Europe, officials had come to realize they had a global emergency on their hands.正是一年前，美国人才意识到甲流这个词的内涵。
2009年4月，美国疾病控制与预防中心的研究人员发现，两名加利福尼亚儿童感染了一种新型流感病毒，起初人们称它为“猪流感”，正当墨西哥卫生官员称其为一场新型流感病毒的大爆发时，研究人员最终将其确认为甲流病毒。
截止到当月底，伴随着新增感染病例在纽约、加拿大和欧洲各国的不断涌现，政府才意识到他们所面临情况的刻不容缓。
(Para. 2) Within weeks, the H1N1 virus was spreading around the world, and by June the World Health Organization (WHO) had raised the alert level again, officially declaring an influenza pandemic.数周内，甲流病毒的阴影波及全球，到六月底，世界卫生组织已经再次提高其警戒指数，正式宣布为严重流行性感冒。
英专综合教程6册课文翻译及课后答案Answer to unit 5
IV. Chinese Translation of Paragraphs引言中文译文本文“为迷信辩解一二”最初发表在1978年11月20日的《新闻周刊》上。
为了分析迷信这个复杂的话题，戴维斯将其作了分类，然后详细探讨了为何有人会相信法术和机缘。
尽管人们对他划分的四类迷信现象并不陌生，但是很少有人花费心思进行界定。
戴维斯理性地分析了许多人认为是个非理性的话题，对人性提出了一些非常有趣的看法。
1. 在我们当代有关“非理性复兴”的严肃讨论中，迷信并未对理性和科学形成严重挑战。
超心理学、不明飞行物、神奇治疗、超脱禅定法以及所有瞬间彻悟方式都遭人谴责，但是人们对迷信却只有一声哀叹。
难道这是因为我们当中许多人依然受制于它吗？虽然我们不公开承认。
2. 很少有人承认自己迷信，因为那意味着幼稚或愚昧。
但我生活在一个很大的大学里，发现在那些无疑是头脑理性、满腹经纶的学者中间，迷信仍以四种方式大行其道，香火旺盛。
3. 你不知道迷信有四种存在的方式吗？神学家使我们确信它们确实存在。
他们称第一种方式为镇邪压魔，如切忌在梯子下面行走等。
我看到一位知识渊博的人类学教授不小心弄撒了盐后，撮了点盐撒向自己的左肩膀后方。
当我问起他缘故时，他眼睛一眨，回答说那是“用来击中恶魔的眼睛。
”我没有继续问他有关恶魔的迷信，但我留意到在我问他之前，他脸上没有笑容。
4. 第二种是占卜，即求神问卦。
我认识的另一位渊博的教授对抛硬币解决问题（这是对命运之神谦卑的请求方式）嗤之以鼻，但有一回他却认真地告诉我，他通过拜读《易经》解决了一件本校的事务。
为什么不呢？这块大陆上有成千上万的人求助于《易经》，而他们普遍的知识水平很高，似乎不至于盲从迷信。
几乎如此，但并非完全如此。
令理性主义者难堪的,《易经》往往会给出绝佳的忠告。
5. 第三种是盲目崇拜，大学里面这种情况司空见惯，举不胜举。
你如果在大教室里当过监考，就会知道在课桌上放护符、幸运币等其他祈运物件的考生有多少。
新编大学英语综合教程Unit 5-课文翻译
新编大学英语综合教程Unit 5 课文翻译Passage ABefore You ReadWhat do you know about the cultural conflict between China and the West？conflict：[ˈkɒnflɪkt , kənˈflɪkt] n.冲突;争执;争论;矛盾;不一致。
v.(两种思想、信仰等)冲突，抵触。
Cultural:[ˈkʌltʃərəl]adj. 与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的。
你对中西文化冲突了解多少Differences between American and Chinese Classes美国和中国的课堂差异We hear about the informality in American classes from time to time. For instance, American professors/teachers do not dress up very formally and they generally call students by their first names. Students can speak out in class, where they do not even need to raise their hands. In addition, in many schools, students can eat or drink during class. American students sometimes argue with their teachers in class, give teachers suggestions on things that need changing, or even criticize their ideas.hear about 得知; 听到关于from time to time 不时地;间或;偶尔For instance 例如;譬如。
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Unit 5 The man who could beat AIDSD avid Ho has already helped the world control HIV with powerful new drugs. For his next trick,he'd like to eradicate itDavid Ho已经帮助世界通过强大的新药控制HIV。
对于他的下一个技巧，他想根除它。
1，何博士在2007年的艾滋病会议期间坐在观众面前，演示者在屏幕上闪现了一个卡通片。
与他的同事一起，何先生笑着一个蒙着眼睛的棒球运动员的形象，在一个传来的音调强劲地摇摆。
但是，像科学家们所喜欢的，他们也是如此; 他们知道卡通中的玩家是他们。
一个秋千和一个小姐，形象是说，许多人在长期抗击艾滋病战斗之一。
2，Ho得到了信息。
在将近四分之一个世纪，他和其他艾滋病科学家一直不断地。
咽，没有接触，因为艾滋病毒一次又一次地阻碍了他们。
强大的药物，以减少艾滋病毒可以做到这么多。
为了流行这种流行病并真正预防艾滋病毒，只有疫苗会做。
问题是，没有疫苗战略曾经成功地阻止病毒感染新的主机，这在不久的将来不太可能改变。
“棒棒球的形象”Ho说。
“我认为它准确地描绘了我们成功的机会，我们都感到沮丧。
3，自那次会议以来，情况发生了很大变化，但是发展有效艾滋病疫苗的根本问题仍然存在。
积极的一面是，2009年，科学家宣布，他们已经开发了第一个疫苗，以显示对艾滋病毒感染的任何影响- 尽管所有措施，这种影响是适度的。
该疫苗降低新发艾滋病毒感染风险的能力31％远远低于公共卫生专家通常认为的传染病疫苗最低阈值的70％至90％。
甚至更进一步落后的发展，但仍有希望，是由一组研究人员在一些实验室工作的两个新的抗体，至少在一个菜，似乎中和病毒，阻止感染健康细胞的企图。
4，然而，对这些进步的兴奋已被2007年的一个谦逊的撤退的仍然未加工的回忆，在一个预期的射击被认为失败后，被缓和。
虽然没有人预料到壮观的结果，也没有人期望这样一个惊人的失败，科学界仍然努力从中恢复。
哈佛医学院艾滋病专家布鲁斯·沃克博士说：“我们还有很长的路要走，有效的艾滋病毒疫苗，医生可以进入内阁，拉出一个小瓶，并注射到一个人。
5，这可能是真的，但是，他一直在努力开发自己的艾滋病毒疫苗，现在认为传统的枪杀，一个依靠病毒的片段，唤醒和刺激免疫系统以产生抗体，可能不是防治艾滋病毒的最好办法。
而不是期待身体做所有的工作，首先认识到，然后加强对病毒的攻击，为什么不提出身体与一个现成的抗体，可以回家艾滋病毒的武器库？这是免疫学上等同的冷冻晚餐; 已经煮熟的抗体消除了准备和启动免疫系统做战斗的所有艰苦的工作。
6，这是一个大胆的战略，并在艾滋病领域从未尝试过，但Ho愿意利用他的声誉和他近20年的设施，亚伦钻石艾滋病研究中心（ADARC）在纽约，在他的预感。
比尔和梅林达·盖茨基金会也是如此，他控制了将近700万美元他追求这个理论的方式。
Ho已经将他的实验室的一半以上重定向到该项目，到目前为止的结果重新激发了他对发现的热情; 他现在回到实验室长凳监督实验。
7，只要他讨论这个新项目，他就不能勉强咧嘴笑了，笑得太迟了。
在20世纪90年代，他和ADARC通过早期使用减少艾滋病死亡率的抗逆转录病毒（ARV）鸡尾酒（1996年Ho被命名为“年度最佳人物”）成为艾滋病领域的领导者。
但是，近年来，中心遭受了一系列挫折，包括需要部分撤回的科学论文，以及关键科学家的离开。
这些挑战有一些在现场想知道ADARC和它的黄金男孩主任是否在艾滋病的下一个大突破的边缘或在漫长和疯狂的抗击疾病的另一个曲折。
8，第一反应者？无论何事，他在他面前都没有成功，他早就在艾滋病领域获得了自己的证书。
作为加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校的医生，在20世纪80年代初，他开始记录患者的日记，这些患者被送往急诊室，伴有一种神秘的汞合金症状，例如肺炎，癌症，最重要的是一个毁灭性的下降免疫功能。
几个月后，他注意到一种模式：大多数患者是同性恋者。
有趣的是，他变得几乎痴迷于记录日益增多的病例。
在两年内，何世和世界其他地方将知道他们正在看到第一例艾滋病。
9，Ho对HIV的专注只是随着病毒继续阻碍科学家而增长。
期望意想不到的是抗击艾滋病毒的最好办法，他很快就学会了，他很快就在这一领域积累了一系列令人印象深刻的科学成就。
作为ADARC公司的董事，该公司成立于1991年，是第一个专门研究艾滋病的研究中心之一，他带领一个团队开创了“早期打击”和“强硬”的药物治疗方法，现在ARVcocktail 治疗的核心是保持数百万艾滋病毒阳性患者活着。
他的实验室显示艾滋病毒治疗在HIV感染新宿主后的几天和几周内如何最有效。
这种理解来自于他们的突破性发现，而不是像感染后的许多专家所认为的那样，在感染后的几年内潜伏着，HIV在第一天就积极地挑战免疫系统。
不久之后，ADARC科学家首次通过确定病毒用于侵袭细胞的第二个关键受体，首先添加了关于HIV如何工作的现有数据。
10，Vain疫苗？但是，虽然艾滋病科学家开始在开发药物治疗方面取得进展，但设计疫苗几乎是不可能的。
尽管他们已经了解了艾滋病毒，专家仍然缺少一个基本成分：到今天，他们不知道什么细胞或免疫反应可以保护身体免受艾滋病毒感染。
能否结合并中和病毒的抗体能做到吗？是T细胞，特别配制以识别HIV表面蛋白的部分，解决方案？或者，正如许多专家现在怀疑的，这些因素的一些难以捉摸的组合是艾滋病病毒感染的关键吗？11，没有答案，开发疫苗是一个非常停止的过程。
美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）疫苗研究中心主任Gary Nabel博士说：“病毒是一个移动的目标。
“它通过突变不断改变其基因组成，它也是一个移动的目标，因为病毒表面的蛋白质实际上是移动自己- 它们是构象灵活的。
最终的结果是免疫系统从来没有真正好看“。
12，这些毫无用处的努力开始在该领域的研究人员身上花费很长时间，尤其是在ADARC 的所有人员，Ho的团体正在试图开发自己的疫苗，但没有成功。
根据在21世纪初离开的那些人，该中心- 其获得了其ARV的胜利的这种荣誉- 开始遭受科学的萧条和缺乏方向。
有些人指责何氏的管理风格，他们说，在媒体关注的后果，随着他的承认，作为年度人物的变化。
他们描述了一个高度竞争的气氛，成员纷纷声称关键项目，并保持一定的研究，包括恐惧，同事会偷走他们的想法。
沮丧，几个高层的教师，没有一个同意被名字引用，愚蠢。
13，“ADARC是一个伟大的经验，”一个，现在领导一所大学的免疫学实验室。
“那些是真正的伟大的时代，你不经历他们经常在学术生涯中，在最初几年的结构是到位的是壮丽和非常共同的，但不幸的是，幸福的结局没有出来。
14，实验室的弊病，Ho归因于教师之间的人格冲突，开始感染科学的质量。
2002年，当他发现由免疫细胞产生的X因子保护一些人免于发展艾滋病时，他产生了头条新闻。
但事实证明，他的结论还为时过早。
其他细胞污染了他的结果，他被迫对描述研究的文件发出“撤回解释”。
“这对我们来说是一个令人尴尬的时刻，但我们自己固定，”何先生说。
“这当然是我们这里历史上的一个低点。
15，ADARC有很多公司。
在艾滋病社区其他地方进行疫苗努力，但不均衡。
由默克制定的一个候选人的测试从2004年开始，三年后结束，令人失望的结果：不仅疫苗没有提供保护免受艾滋病毒感染，但实际上似乎增加了一些人的风险。
由于默克的结果，在工作中有类似疫苗的NIH推迟了自己的研究计划。
16，“在公布这些结果的两年后，艾滋病疫苗科学家的情况最为黯淡，”Nabel说。
“我们质疑我们所做的一切。
17，云部分？但到2007年初，何先生已经看到了答案的可能性。
在休斯敦，生物技术公司Tanox开发了一种它认为可能会感兴趣的化合物。
Ho知道Tanox好。
他是公司联合创始人之一的朋友，也是其科学咨询委员会的成员，所以如果科学家认为他们有东西，他怀疑这是值得一看。
18，他飞往休斯顿，在那里他被告知一个新的代理名为ibalizumab，一种抗体，似乎能够阻止艾滋病毒进入健康的细胞。
在早期试验中测试的200名左右的HIV阳性患者中，该化合物是有效的，但Tanox担心抗性。
无论多么有前途的抗逆转录病毒药物，艾滋病毒不可避免地找到了逃避它们的方法。
因此，尽管该药物似乎在全身艾滋病患者中减少了血液中病毒的负担高达90％，但没有人知道病毒间隔将持续多长时间。
公司的领导人希望何先生对代理是否值得进一步发展的意见。
19，看到数字，Ho看到不仅是ARV鸡尾酒不断增长的武器库的另一个成员。
每个抗逆转录病毒药物都专注于阻止艾滋病毒感染过程中的几个不同步骤之一。
Ibalizumab在关键时刻工作，其中病毒遇到健康的CD4细胞- 免疫系统的关键组分- 基本上插入两者之间并预防感染。
如果ibalizumab如此善于在已经感染的艾滋病患者中减少艾滋病毒，那么也许可以调整它来预防艾滋病。
换句话说，也许它可能成为一种疫苗- 只是一种完全不同的疫苗，绕过传统的，令人沮丧的过程，知道免疫系统需要什么样的艾滋病毒。
20，Ho甚至没有等待离开会议，然后打电话给他的实验室，指导调查ibalizumab的文献。
“他很兴奋，”黄耀兴接到电话说，现在是两个研究员之一Ho已转向调查该化合物。
仅仅三年后，最初的热情只有增长，蔓延在整个实验室，占据ADARC的下东区设施两层。
21，ADARC科学家们正在努力实现的是彻底了解ibalizumab如何运作以及如何控制这些机制。
CD4细胞有点像免疫哨点，具有识别各种病原体的片段，从常见流感到HIV的能力，并标记它们被其他细胞破坏的能力。
一旦连接到CD4，HIV开始一系列复杂的步骤，以进入细胞。
伊巴利珠单抗能够通过结合CD4并作为免疫圈套来破坏这种复杂的分子编排。
由于抗体粘附于CD4受体，病毒在物理上不能完成其必须执行的滑动进入细胞并接管其遗传机构以泵出更多病毒的必要的扭曲。
22，这是一个优美的场景，吸引了Ho的抗体，但问题是，这种方式绑在CD4可能不是一个好主意。
使这么多的身体的基本防御细胞脱离委托意味着患者可能容易受到任何数量的其他感染因素- 正是艾滋病患者试图避免的免疫损害的位置。
这是当他的实验室成员表达的恐惧，当他提出了这个想法。
23，“我最初的反应是，你疯了吗？回忆起ADARC研究员Sandy Vasan，他和Ho和Huang 一起，正在进行伊巴利珠单抗研究。
一位看到患者的临床医生，Vasan说，“想要在CD4上加抗体真的很可怕，你需要CD4。
24，但霍认为ibalizumab比那更敏捷。
CD4，事实证明，就像一个码头有几个码头; 艾滋病病毒床位在一个，伊巴利珠单抗在另一个，留下的细胞自由对抗其他病原体。