汽车内饰英文翻译

汽车内饰英文翻译

车辆0802 2008010268

With the development of domestic automotive industry, automobile manufacturers pay more and more attention to the development of car models, including the development of automobile interior trim is second only to the body is an important development content, and it is a reflection of the car interior space besides the function, but also to

let passengers feel comfortable, visual and beautiful, of the manipulation of the convenient and so on request. Car interior including instrument panel, the door trim, roof interior, column, side around the interior trim other internal covering, broadly include the steering wheel, car seats, floor mat and so on internal functions pieces. Car interior through the many kinds of materials and various production process and reach different effect, general the multi-purpose ABS

plastic interior materials and modified PP etc, and other such as leather, plant flannel, foam, glass reinforced plastics and so on many kinds of composite materials. The production process is more diversified, in addition to the general injection molding, there such as blister,

blow molding, extrusion, PU foaming, hot pressing, rigging, spraying, electroplating, welding, almost all of the plastic processing technology, and if the dashboard advanced plastic honing technology and so on. Car interior including instrument platform, glue, audio instrument platform, the steering wheel, seats, control buttons, air conditioning export,

dial the block and the interior, head door handle, all the car interior decoration. From the modelling design Angle, in the vehicle design, interior design ratio of about half or more. Because the relative to shape is concerned, interior architecture covers part of various relative. In recent years the trend, interior design of international popular trend is towards more digital and high-tech, modelling respect tend to be concise, neatly, pay more attention to a variety of material and the application of the match. The digital age, high-tech components of the digital products (such as digital communication products, video audio and video product) is widely used, and greatly influenced the car design trend, product design style and influence to guide the automotive design style. Many of the concept car interior design elements, such as button/buttons, display section, backlit design, etc.) are very like some electrical home appliances products, computer products and communication products.

Car interior design evolution，with different brands of car overall quality gap, car interior became the new

competitive battlefield. The war the ultimate goal is to make car interior trim between each part fully fit, reach zero distance. Now, these tiny details of automobile interior quality has become a very important index. Peach wooden interior is still car interior market mainstream tendency In order to meet the high demand for safety, modern walnut interior is no longer use whole pieces of wood is made, but by the thickness of 0.6 mm thin layer of the total of 40 repression and

into, each layer are among the same shape and thickness bonding of aluminium plates, make its have higher intensity, in an accident won't break. Through the process of forming after walnut interior board, but also use first fine sand paper burnish it twice, and then use the finest in accordance with the original method of beeswax manually polish 8 times, until smooth surface as a mirror just calculate smashing of opposition. A set of walnut interior of the whole manufacture process probably will take two weeks to complete.

From then l9 century to the beginning of the twentieth century, with the appearance of the basic continue modelling carriage car appear. In the aristocrats in a chariot of popular walnut trim, also be onto the bus naturally, continues its luxury and noble symbol. One hundred years, walnut because its showily soft, soft change color jade the steel body hard, and has been used in high-grade car instrument panel, steering wheel and the car door trim board configuration of the luxury gear. In Europe and America in the museum's collection car the expensive antique the walnut interior, although through vicissitudes of life, still like old royal bourbon type furniture to sending out the same suave nostalgic and rare breath, make the viewer can not be its special, elegant style struck.

At present peach wood grain interior has become China's market is built on luxury, high-grade the a broad view, the main depot to consumer rendering "walnut ACTS the role of" is synonymous with "luxury"

irrational auto erroneous zone. It is used for car sales promotion brand

in the manual or advertising, intentionally or unintentionally one or CHINA will imitation of the peach wooden interior, peach wood trim, the play of the way to cut from consumers and confusing, government as "peach wood grain interior". Originally only in senior luxury car will not appear on the walnut of interior, in the hundreds of thousands to tens of thousands of economy car of a so-called standard equipped with, poor walnut have the "rule" is the tendency. And the international practice in the compared, in the cheap cars on the walnut interior is absolutely "Chinese character". Because in a foreign country, vehicles and equipment level is the level of vehicles close contact, many senior the peculiar adornment won't appear in the lower the car. Wooden

interior luxury car as the exclusive luxury, must be USES walnut, cherry wood real material carefully crafted; And low-grade car interior without exception, the fabric and engineering plastic, although the quality and feels very good, but nothing beyond the level of vehicles.

But peach wooden interior is still the mainstream market, the past some peach wooden interior modified is

very simple, some just in the original plastic products on paste

ultra-thin wood grain paper, due to the simple

process, and the material of the rough, these peach wooden adornment effect general, for a long time and falls off phenomenon. Introduce according to the businessman, now in the market high-grade wood trim materials delicate, and supporting details thoughtful, a full set of interior central Taiwan, including the block, the steering wheel, even

door shake handshandle, feel and adornment sex and durability and the initial stage of the so-called peach wooden decorations in better shape than many.

In recent years, the car has to fast speed increase, the speed of

the rapid increase of new also. In a large rearview mirror, and can effectively improve the parameters of active safety, can reduce traffic accidents. Who do not like his love an accident, the more don't want to let people in the traffic accident is hurt, so now don't tube novice or old driver already more and more people change into large rearview mirror. In the automobile decoration supermarket each car 4 S inn in almost every business is also is selling a large rearview mirror.

Large rearview mirror can almost out of the running back and

doubling blind Angle, this to the safety factor of

driving improved a lot, to avoid traffic accidents. A large rearview mirror may very cheap, if because blind Angle to create vehicle damage, that than buy a mirror more valuable, and the damage is immeasurable. At present more and more people driving cars, need to rely on driving technology things are gradually being hi-tech technology became very simple.

The car interior and exterior are quite different, external mainly reflects visual effect, is for him (she) person to watch, but the car but the internal environment directly with rides the body and mind of closely related personnel feel; That is because the car is to give others see outside, and people really enjoy is the car interior trim,

interior touch, feel, emphasis on comfort and view and admire a gender, etc. So most cases, interior design should be more embody the people-oriented principle. For a successful car appearance design, we can say "very beautiful," and for a successful car interior design, it is "very comfortable" for evaluation. So, car interior design must be in order to adapt to the needs of people for starting point, to take comfort,

driving safety and convenience purpose, and have to look. Door inside guard board, steering wheel, seat, ceiling, mat, the shade, store content box, the ashtray and so on, there is also some subsidiary equipment such as audio, air conditioning, communications, TV, lighting lamps, etc. All kinds of equipment, function, form and structure are very different, how to put it to the organic combination together, form a unified and harmonious and beautiful design scheme? These are all design personnel to consider.

Dashboards assembly also called dashboard assembly, it is the main inner decoration, it thin wall, big volume, it has very many open hole, round hole and meter hole, and the structure of shape is very complex; Instrument panel is the control and display the concentration of car parts. According to the function of the instrument panel device generally divided into driving control area and take part in the two functional areas. Driving control area or main instrument area, refers to exercise control traffic relevant function area, general concentration in front steering wheel, such as driving instrument, light switch, blow the water to switch, etc.; Take that with functional areas

vice meter area, refers to the air conditioning knobs, audio control, store content box, general concentration in the central part of the dash and right department. In the modern automobile, most of the control switch is the special drivers, so, the design of the instrument panel

first by the driver for instrument visibility and the position of all kinds of control the operation of a convenience for basis; The key point is to design dash driver operation design of area. In the visual effect, the dashboard interior visual focus in the site, its form to ride

workers also have the very strong visual appeal. In a cloth buy instrument, according to relevant standards to choose and determine the instrument, a display and a main control parts, in addition to from the structure space man-computer engineering experiment, including vision sex, hands, feet activities range, elbow space, hand interface, button area cloth bureau, and other aspects. At the same time in the design,

still need to pay attention to the dashboard reflective effects, not

only to increase the visibility of the instrument, and through the table cover of diffuse method to reduce glare, and prevent the dashboard high before the wind in the inner surface of the glass image form reflex, so as not to interfere with the driver's vision. Must dash to extinction on the surface or inferior smooth processing, to get comfortable feeling safe driving. Also on the dash of instrument and various devices

installed mostly come from different manufacturers, when the design to ensure that each of the different manufacturers is a color, simple sense, the unity of the texture, but also pay attention to the instrument

surface, pointer, the display, digital, warning lights, the scale of the plate and form, color and lighting effect is consistent, these in the beginning to deal with design appropriate, for later refining and local design ready. The classification of the instrument panel with manufacturing current use of instrument panel according to the material can be divided into the hard and soft dash ; According to the structure can be divided into integral dashboard and combined meter table board; Combined-type instrument panel can be divided, the block type dashboards, left, right block encircle type dashboards, left, and right block type dashboards, buy type in the dashboard, etc. Hard light, often used in

the dashboard small trucks, buses and trucks use, generally USES the PP, PC, ABS, ABS/PC and so on the disposable injection molding. This instrument panel surface patterns, size is very big, no rigging,

high surface quality requirements for material, resistance, heat resistance requirements of wet, rigid is out of shape not easily. But because of the multi-point injection molding, easy to form flow mark and adhesive marks, and adding masterbatch differentials, easy to produce

off color, so need to the surface coating to use, and had better choose inferior optical coating products. In addition, high-grade dashboards pursue simple sense, such as in the dashboard surface do part of peach wooden ACTS the role of grain is also a kind of development direction, SITAIER quote "king", the "HOWO" is this kind of type. European car dashboards to ABS/PC and enhance PP is given priority to, the American auto multi-purpose styrene/PPD two anhydride SMA, this kind of material

price low, heat resistance, impact resistance, good comprehensive performance; The Japanese car dashboard had used ABS, enhance PP material, it is with glass fiber reinforced SAN is given priority to, also have the better heat resistance of the modified PPE.

The design of the car seat car seat is according to the principle of human body engineering and design, it not only meets rides the use function of personnel, and comfortable with's point. Influence car seat comfort factors are:

(1) The seat chair must make the waist of the song in the normal

curve arc condition, and tries to sitting position according to

different habits the optimal design of the comfortable state.

(2) Must have the correct points back. The so-called right anchor namely: the first point support 5-6 thoracic between, formed by the shoulder; The second support at the waist music site, form the waist cushion. Waist by can reduce neck song change shape, waist cushion can maintain correct lumbar curve.

(3) The correct body pressure distribution. The human body pressure distribution on the cushion of the surface should be adapted to the structure characteristics of human body buttock: stout sciatic can withstand than its muscles around more pressure, thigh muscle in the bottom contain many blood vessels and nerves, and the pressure is small.

(4) Keep the human body and torso thigh comfortable Angle. The classification of the seat with manufacturing seat according to the structure can be divided into the type of gear plate, illustrates the

before and after adjustment type rack or the type, the front up-down adjustment type, according to the seat and back of a chair materials can be divided into PU foaming, hard cotton and natural fibers to wait for a few kinds. The traditional seat general selection illustrates type, but because of their frequent, with the coil spring easy to failure. And gear plate rack type as long as material, heat treatment to meet the design requirements its life and use effect is better still. Before and after adjustment is usually on the seat of the slide to complete, seat up-down adjustment by air, and shock absorber, balloon and shock absorber to improve any comfort to the seats have very good effect.

After the car ceiling, surrounded (mainly used for truck after truck around) is in the inner decoration materials and varieties of a kind of compound most pattern laminated products. Its role in addition to an illuminative function outside, still plays a heat insulation, sound insulation, and other special function. After the design of the roof, surrounded, ceiling, after the main consideration and design around the top of the cabin and the rear of consistent with, and the internal structure of the cab and tonal photograph a cause. To pay attention to the corresponding skylight and rear window and around the anastomosis of abrasive-cloth adhered by, but also have a certain strength, stiffness.

After the ceiling, the classification and manufacturing ceiling, surrounded by its after materials into hard and soft qualitative; According to its processing methods are classified into roof molding ceiling, adhesive ceiling and hoisting ceiling. The general is hard to

suppress glass fiber reinforced plastic spraying a above lacquer, or PVC sheet vacuum forming. This kind of ceiling, after general heat insulation, sound around the isolation effect is poorer, but strength, rigidity is better. Soft qualitative general by base material and skin constitute, base material requirements lightweight, high rigidity, size for stability, easy forming characteristics, therefore generally use thermoplastic polyurethane foam inner material, PP foam inner material, thermoplastic felt kind of material, glass fiber within

Since the 1990 s, the world of the car market increasingly fierce competition, the enterprise to reduce development costs, shorten the production cycle, automotive design and manufacturing fields began the on system integration design and modular is the characteristic of the supply change. Car interior design also has no longer stay in for a single spare parts of the design and development, but from the whole interior system integration point of view, and system integration design ideas throughout the design process. In the interior design of the system integration will help keep the car interior products is more whole and coordination, and it is also a kind of face of the assembly process production design. The whole system design

according to the function are divided into several big independent modules, each on the module integrate several parts or assembly, each module the connection between the simple and reliable design, assembly is convenient, it makes the design of the product development and production costs have been falling, and to improve the quality of the

auto parts and automation level, and improve the car assembly quality and shorten the car design development and production cycle.

In car interior to have based on system integration of the module of the enterprise ability to develop technical strength is demanding, but at the same time its products to the market of monopoly ability is strong. OEM more willing to seek those who have the ability to develop the system the parts of the enterprise as partners involved in its new models of the design and development process, so Delphi, Bosch, Visteon, DIANZHUANG, Johnson, Lear, Valeo and have the ability to develop systems integration and module of the enterprise will become the mainstream of the future market.

At present, the car interior design appear some new trends, of course, improve vehicle fuel economy top. In fuel prices continued to rise, the car interior trim both energy conservation and environmental protection, and to make limited in-car space can be fully used. Such as some of the vehicles increased entertainment, communication facilities, this natural need in the corresponding position setting some jacks and socket. "Automobile manufacturers trying to in a smaller inside the space, do more things." The United States authority car magazine "ward 's auto world" managing editor Jon, Rhett said. The magazine recently held a car interior selection and seminars, and the relevant exhibition held in Detroit.

Mazda American company vehicles appearance, chief designer John terry, spa thinks, to design more ideal car interior, designers

constantly excavate new materials, explore various color and the design scheme of the combination. She thinks, car outside the car was to design better parts assembled, car interior design is to try to let people and cars get well along with each other. Harmonious including aspects, such as comfort, attraction, multi-function, adaptability, etc. Audi tt interior improvement is a typical case. Previously, this car interior design is inflexible, radio, air conditioning, instrument panel, etc in under the broad-brush split open. Now, after improving the driver seat can adjust at will; The car's steering wheel style to look tt dynamic; Senior black leather seats advance the grade. At the same time, the

car's appearance appear more fashionable, downy. Audi TT interior improved appear extraordinary, it intends to imply. Many consumer think, vehicle interior should satisfy personalized needs in direction. They think that the interior design of modern SuoNaTa is for the one of the cases, consider to buy the car's consumer often drive to and from work or family travel, so designers in the radio partition installed near the water can put the tray.

Improve entertainment and communication facilities of the idea also influence the design idea of automobile manufacturers. People want to increase entertainment and communications equipment, automobile, such as the telephone, navigators, mp4, etc. "Consumers want car with the outside world communication platform provided." Suzuki design director Steven ? rai sing the said. Later this year, will be the road to measure to Suzuki way, for the first time to the public with automatic

navigation system show sx4 mixed type car. The navigation system equipped with Microsoft's network software, can for owners to provide real-time traffic information, search the lowest oil prices, recently restaurant, the owner can also not in use navigation function of time, use the system to play video games. If get off the set procedures, take it away with me navigators, it can be when you come back to take you

find your car.

At the same time, the interior design should also and the external design photograph echo, the complete one integrated mass. Inner decoration manufacturing still should consider technology of sex and feasible manufacturing cost. So car inner decoration design and manufacturing is a comprehensive knowledge, involves intellectual more and miscellaneous, have aesthetic, optical, mechanical, of human body engineering, materials science, chemical learn a lot, and so on. Especially now fly fast development of auto industry, new materials, new technology emerge in endlessly; In turn also promotes a modern car interior design progress.

随着我国汽车工业的发展，汽车制造商们越来越重视汽车车型的开发，其中汽车内饰的

开发是仅次于车身的一项重要的开发内容，它除了是反映汽车内部空间的功能之外，还要

让乘客感到舒适，视觉的美观，操纵的方便等等要求。汽车内饰包括仪表

板、车门内饰、车顶内饰、柱内饰、侧围内饰等内部覆盖件，广义的还包括方向盘、汽车座椅、地板垫等内部功能件。汽车内饰通过多种材料和多种生产工艺而

达到不同的效果，一般内饰的材料多用塑料ABS和改性PP等，还有其他的如皮革，植绒布，泡沫、玻璃钢等多种复合材料。生产工艺更是多样化，除了一般的注塑以外，还有如吸塑、吹塑、挤出、PU发泡、热压、蒙皮、喷涂、电镀、焊接等几乎所有的塑料加工工艺，还有如仪表板先进的搪塑工艺等。汽车内饰包括仪表台，地胶，音响仪表台、方向盘、座椅、操纵按键、空调出口、拨挡头、车门内饰、门把手等在内的汽车内部的所有装饰物。从造型设计角度来讲，在整车设计中，内饰设计所占比率约一半以上。因为相对于外形而言，内饰设计所涉及的组成部分相对繁多。从近几年的发展趋势来看，内饰设计国际流行的趋势是越来越趋向于数字化和高科技，造型方面趋于简洁、工整，更加注重多种材质的应用、搭配。数码时代的来临，具有高科

如数字通讯产品、视频音像品)的广泛应用，极大地影响了汽车设计趋技成分的数字产品(

势，产品设计的风格开始引导并影响汽车整车的设计风格。许多概念车的内饰设计元素(如按钮/按键、显示部分、背光设计等)都很像一些家电产品、电脑产品和通讯产品。汽车内饰设计演变随着不同品牌汽车的总体质量差距缩小，汽车内饰成为了竞争的新战场。这场战争最终的目标是让汽车内饰各部分之间充分吻合，达到零距离。如今，这些微小的细节已经成为汽车内饰质量一个非常重要的指标。

桃木内饰仍是汽车内饰市场主流趋势

为了满足对安全性的高要求，现代的胡桃木内饰已经不再采用整块木料制成，而是由厚度为0.6毫米的薄片共计40层压制而成，每层中间都粘合了相同形状和厚度的铝片，使其具有更高的强度，在发生车祸时不会碎裂。经过这道工序后成型的胡桃木内饰板，还要先用细砂纸打磨两遍，然后再用上等蜂蜡按照最原始的方法手工打磨8次，直至表面光滑如镜才算初战告捷。一套胡桃木内饰的整个制作过程大概需要两个星期才能完成。

从l9世纪末到20世纪初，外形基本沿用马车造型的汽车出现。在贵族们的马车上盛行的胡桃木内饰，也自然而然地被移植到了汽车上，继续着其豪华与贵族的象征。百年来，胡桃木因其华贵柔软、色泽温润柔化了钢铁车身的冷峭坚硬，一直被运用于高档汽车仪表面板、车门内饰板和方向盘配置的豪华行头。在欧美的汽车博物馆中珍藏的那些名贵古董车上的胡桃木内饰，虽历经沧桑，仍然犹如古老的皇家波旁式家具一样温婉地散发着那怀旧、名贵的气息，令观者不由地不被其非凡、典雅气派所震撼。

目前桃木纹内饰成了中国车市上营造豪华型、高档化的一个泛泛的说法，各主流车厂都在向消费者渲染“胡桃木饰”就等同于“豪华型”的非理性汽车消费误区。在其用于品牌车促销的说明书或广告中，有意无意地将进口车或是国产车的仿桃木内饰、桃木纹内饰，采用打擦边球的方式来蒙蔽消费者，混淆视听，省略说成是“桃木纹内饰”。原本只有在高级豪华轿车上才会出现的胡桃木内饰，在十几万至几万元的经济型轿车上都成了所谓的标准配备，可怜的胡桃木有了被“恶俗”化的倾向。

与国际上通行的做法相比，在低档轿车上采用胡桃木内饰绝对是“中国特色”。因为在国外，车辆的装备水平是与车型的级别密切联系，许多高级车上特有的装饰绝对不会出现在低级别的车上。木质内饰作为高档车的专属奢侈品，必定要采用胡桃木、樱桃木等真材实料精工细作;而低档车的内饰无一例外地采用织物和工程塑料，虽然质量和手感很好，但绝对不会超越车辆的级别。

不过桃木内饰目前依然是市场的主流，过去一些桃木内饰的改装很简单，有的只是在原有的塑料制品上粘贴超薄的木纹纸，由于工艺简单，材质粗糙，这些桃木装饰效果一般，时间稍长还有脱落的现象。根据商家介绍，现在市场上高档桃木饰件材料精致，而且配套细节上考虑周全，全套的内饰包括中控台、挡把、方向盘、甚至门拉手，手感和装饰性以

及耐用性与初期所谓的桃木饰件相比都要好很多。

最近几年,汽车的保有量以飞快的速度增加着,新手的速度也快速增加。换一块大视野的后视镜,能有效提高行车的主动安全,能降低交通事故率。

谁都不喜欢自己的爱车出事,更不想让人在交通事故中受到伤害,所以现在甭管新手还是老司机已经有越来越多的人换上大视野后视镜了。在汽车装饰超市各个汽车4S店中几乎也是每位商家都在卖大视野后视镜。

大视野后视镜几乎能消灭掉倒车和行驶中并线的死角,这给行车的安全系数提高了很多,避免了交通事故。一个大视野后视镜可能很便宜,如果因为死角造成车辆的损坏,那比买一个镜子可贵多了,而且人的伤害更是不可估量。目前汽车驾驶人越来越多，需要依靠驾驶技术的东西总是慢慢被高科技技术变得非常简单。

的不同，外部主要体现视觉效果，是供他(她)人观赏的，汽车的内饰与外部有很大

而汽车的内部环境却直接与驾乘人员的身心感受密切相关;即因为汽车的外部是给别人看的，而人们真正享受的是汽车的内饰，内饰强调触觉、手感、舒适性和观赏性等等。所以多数情况下，内饰的设计应更多的体现以人为本的原则。对于一个成功的汽车外形设计，我们可以说“很漂亮”，而对于一个成功的汽车内饰设计来说，则评价为“很舒适”。所以，汽车内饰设计必须以适应人的多种需要为出发点，达到乘坐舒适、驾驶安全和便利目的，并且具有可观赏性。车门内护板、转向盘、座椅、顶棚、地垫、遮阳板、储物盒、烟灰缸等，另外还有一些附属设备如音响、空调、通信、电视、照明灯具等。各种各样的设备，功能、形态与结构相差很大，怎样把它们有机地组合在一起，形成一个统一协调美观的设计方案呢,这些都是设计人员要考虑的。

仪表板仪表板总成也叫仪表盘总成，它是汽车上主要内饰件，它壁薄，体积大，上面开有很多方孔、圆孔等仪表孔，且结构形状十分复杂;仪表板是全车操控

与显示的集中部位。仪表板的器件按其功能一般划分为驾驶操控区和乘用功能区两部分。驾驶操控区即主仪表区，指操控车辆行驶的有关功能区，一般集中在转向盘前面，如行车仪表、灯光开关、刮水器开关等;乘用功能区即副仪表区，指空调旋钮、音响控制、储物盒等，一般集中在仪表板的中部及右部。在现代汽车中，绝大多数的操控开关都是驾驶员专用的，所以，仪表板的设计首先以驾驶员位置对仪表的可视性和对各种操控件的操作方便性为依据;仪表板的设计重点是对驾驶员操作区域的设计。在视觉效果上，仪表板位于室内视觉集中的部位，其形体对驾乘人员也有很强的视觉吸引力。在布置仪表时，要根据相关标准来选用和确定所用仪表、显示器和主要操纵控制件的位置，此外还要从结构空间进行人机工程实验，其中包括视野性、手、脚活动范围、肘部空间、手伸界面、按钮区布局等诸多方面。同时在设计时，还需注意仪表板面的反光效果，既要提高仪表的可见度，又要通过表罩的漫反射方法减少眩光，还要防止仪表板上的高点在前风窗玻璃的内表面形成反射影像，以免干扰驾驶员的视觉。必须对仪表板表面进行消光或亚光处理，以获得舒适安全的驾驶感觉。再者仪表板上安装的仪表和各种器件大都来自不同的生产厂家，设计时要保证各不同生产厂家的器件的颜色、质感、纹理的统一，还要注意仪表表面、指针、屏显、数字、警示灯、刻度盘等的形体、颜色及灯光效果一致，这些在方案设计初期都要处理妥当，为后期的细化和局部设计作好准备。仪表板的分类与制造目前使用的仪表板按其材料可分为硬仪表板和软仪表板;按其结构可分为整体式仪表板和组合式仪表板;组合式仪表板又可分为上、下分块式仪表板，左、右分块环抱式仪表板，左、中、右分块式仪表板，中置式仪表板等。硬仪表板常用于轻、小型货车和大货车、客车上使用，一般采用 PP、PC、ABS、ABS/PC 等一次性注射成型。这种仪表板表面有花纹，尺寸很大，无蒙皮，表面质量要求很高，对材料，要求耐湿、耐热，刚性好不易变形。但由于对

采用多点注射成型，易形成流痕和粘接痕，同时添加色母不均，容易产生色差，因此表面需经涂装才能使用，且最好选用亚光漆

涂装。另外，高档仪表板追求质感，如在仪表板表面做一部分桃木饰纹也是一种发展方向，中国重汽的斯太尔“王”、“HOWO”就是此种类型。欧洲汽车的仪表板以 ABS/PC 及增强 PP 为主，美国汽车多用苯乙烯/顺丁烯二酸酐 SMA，这种材料价格低，耐热、耐冲击，具有良好的综合性能;日本汽车的仪表板曾采用过ABS、增强 PP 材料，目前以玻璃纤维增强的 SAN 为主，也有采用耐热性更好的改性 PPE。

汽车座椅的设计汽车座椅是根据人体工程学原理而设计的，它不仅要满足驾乘人员的使用功能，而且具有舒适的特点。影响汽车座椅舒适性的因素主要有:

(1)座椅的靠背必须使腰曲的弧线处于正常的曲线状态，并且力图按不同习惯坐姿设计最佳舒适状态。

(2)靠背必须具有正确的支撑点。所谓正确的支撑点即:第一点支撑第 5-6 胸椎之间，

靠;第二点支撑腰曲部位，形成腰垫。腰靠可减少颈曲变形，腰垫可以维持正确的形成肩

腰部曲线。

(3)正确分布体压。人体在坐垫表面的压力分布应适应人体臀部结构特点:粗壮的坐

的压力，大腿底面的肌肉内包含很多血管和神经系统，所承受骨可承受比其周围肌肉更大

的压力较小。

(4)保持人体躯干与大腿的舒适夹角。座椅的分类与制造座椅按其结构可分为调角器式的、齿板齿条式的或前后调节式的、前后上下调节式的，按其坐垫及靠背材料可分为 PU 发泡的、硬质棉的和天然纤维的等几种。

传统的座椅一般选用调角器式的，但由于频繁的使用，其卷簧容易失效。而齿板齿条式的只要材料、热处理达到设计要求其寿命和使用效果还是比较好的。座椅前后调节一般是靠滑道来完成的，座椅上下调节则靠气囊和减振器，气囊和减振器对提高座椅的舒适性有很好的作用。

车内顶棚、后围(后围主要用于载重货车)是内饰件中材料和品种花样最多的一种复合层压制品。它的作用除了起装饰功能外，还起着隔热、隔音等特殊功能。顶棚、后围的设计、顶棚、后围的设计主要考虑与驾驶室的顶部和后部相符合，且与整个驾驶室的内部结构和色调相一致。要注意天窗和后窗的对应及四周搭接处的吻合，而且还要有一定的强度，刚度。

顶棚、后围的分类与制造顶棚、后围按其材料分为硬质的和软质的;顶棚按其加工方法分为成型顶棚、粘接顶棚和吊装顶棚。硬质的一般是玻璃钢压制再喷涂上面漆而成，或 PVC 板材吸塑成型。这类顶棚、后围一般隔热、隔音效果较差，但强度、刚性较好。软质的一般由基材和表皮构成，基材要求轻量、高刚性、尺寸稳定，易成形等特点，为此一般使用热塑性聚氨酯发泡内材、PP 发泡内材、热塑性毡类内材、玻璃纤

20世纪90年代以来，世界汽车市场的竞争日益激烈，整车企业为降低开发成本、缩短生产周期，汽车业的设计和生产制造领域开始了以系统集成设计及模块化供货为特征的

变革。汽车内饰设计也已不再停留于对单一零部件的设计开发，而是从整个内饰系统整合的角度考虑，并将系统集成设计的思想贯穿于整个设计过程。