Chinese & Japanese toilet culture 厕所文化
Chinese names
张（zhāng) 王（wáng) 李（lǐ ) 赵（zhào) 刘（Liú) 安（ān) 马（mǎ) 林（lín） 胡（hú) 周（zhōu) 罗（luó) 艾（ài）
姓（xì ng）（Family name) 黄（huáng) yellow 白（bái) white 蓝（lán) 陆（lù) 杨（yáng) 陈（chãn) 孔（kŏng) Confucius 孔子 龙（long ) dragon 高（gāo） tall 金（jīn） gold
名（given name) 女 生
莎（shā) 星（xīng) 红（hóng) 玉（yù) 玲（líng) 静（jìng)
丽莎（Lisa) star red jade (pure,beauty) sound of jade peacefull
安 罗 罗 罗 马 马 伊 冯 陆 周
浩 （ān hào ) 安 杰 (ān jiã） 奇 （luó qí) 罗 洋 （luó yáng) 力 （luó lì) 罗 贝 （luó bâi) 杰 （luó jiã) 俊 （mǎ jùn) 马小龙（mǎ xiǎo lóng) 华（mǎ huá) 胡 安（hú ān) 文 （yī wãn) 林 文（lín wãn ) 一（fãng yī ) 高 力（gāo lì) 帅（lù shuài ) 陆 奇（lù qí) 杰（zhōu jiã) 周 乐（zhōu lâ)
琪 妮
(ān q í) （ān ní )
范冰冰 Fà n Bīngbing
章子怡 Zhāng Zǐ yí
周杰伦Jay zhōu
王力宏 Leehom Wáng
名（given name) 男 生
杰 （jié ) outstanding 周 杰 伦 龙（lóng) dragon 成 龙（stage name) 勇（yŏng) brave 帅（shuài) handsome 磊（lěi) of heap of stone 鑫（xīn) prosper 华（huá) magnificent 志（zhì) ambition 颖（yǐng) intelligent 林志颖 浩（hào) grande; vast
Chinese culture(中国文化)-文档资料
4
Chopsticks
5
The Chinese people have a meal of the time, usually with what tools?
the world.
3
Peony
The peony is a kind of special China rare flowers. It's big and has colourful flower. It represent the riches and honour. It has "GuoSeTianXiang", "the king of flowers" laudatory name. For a long time ,it is the symbol of prosperity.
The Great Wall, china, Kung fu, Peony, and Chopsticks.
1
The great wall
The Great Wall is China ancient times to resist the enemy attack and built buildings.
ancestors of production.
After continuous development, it has become one of China's famous symbol.
Now, the Chinese kung fu is
widely spread opsticks!
chinese
chinese silk and silk roadSilk is one of China’s major contributions to the world civilization. It was discovered in ancient China and is one of the best materials for clothing - it has a look and feeling of richness that no other materials can match. However, very few people know how, when, and where it was discovered. Actually, it dates back to the 30th Century BC, when Huang Di known as Yellow Emperor came into power.The Silk Road got its name from the ancient Chinese silk trade, and it was built under the Han Dynasty during the 2nd century BC. It was an important path for cultural, commercial and technological exchanges between Europe, Mediterranean countries, ancient India, and China.There are many legends about the discovery of silk; some of them are both romantic and mysterious.This is one of the romantic legends: Once there lived a father with his daughter, who had a magic horse, which could not only fly in the sky but also understand human language. One day, the father went out on business and did not come back for quite some time. The daughter made him a promise: If the horse could find her father, she would marry him. Finally her father came back with the horse, but he was shocked at his daughter's promise.Unwilling to let his daughter marry a horse, he killed the innocent animal. And then miracle happened! The horse's skin carried the girl flying away. They flew and flew, then, they stopped on a tree, and the moment the girl touched the tree, she turned into a silkworm. Every day, she spit long and thin silks.As the traditional legend ( or historical records) says Xi-lung-Shi（西陵⽒嫘祖）, the 14-year old bride of the Chinese Yellow emperor, had Mulberry trees in her garden which were getting damaged. She decided to investigate the cause of why the bushes were getting damaged. When she had a close look at the trees, she discovered that some worms were eating up the leaves, and by chance a cocoon fell into her cup of hot tea. When she was removing the cocoon, she noticed thin strands of fiber coming out from the cocoon, which is now known as silk. Because of this new discovery, the skills of raising silkworm and the technology of making silk were developed gradually. In honor of her discovery, the ancient Chinese gave her the title, “Silk Goddess.”The process of raising silkworms and unwinding their cocoons are called silk culture or sericulture. Silkworms need to be fed regularly and be maintained in a controlled environment. It takes an average of 25-28 days for a silkworm to grow old enough to spin cocoon. Then the farmers will pick them up one by one to piles of straws. Then the silkworm will attach itself to the straw and begin to spin. The next step is unwinding the cocoons; first put them in a basin filled with hot water, find the loose end of the cocoon, and then twist them and carry them to a small wheel.When the silk was first discovered in China by Xi-lung-Shi, it was reserved exclusively for the use of the ruler. After a very long period of time, the different classes of society and even the common people were able to wear garments of silk. Eventually, silk came into more general use. For instance, it was used for musical instruments, fishing-lines, and even rag papers. In addition, merchants used silk as a currency in trade with foreign countries, and farmers even paid their taxes in silk. Aside from being used for clothing and currency, silk was quite quickly put to industrial use by the Chinese. Silk, indeed, rapidly became one of the principal elements of the Chinese economy.During the 2nd century BC, Emperor Wu Di of Western Han Dynasty decided to develop trade with other countries. Zhang Qian, the first known Chinese traveler to make contact with the Central Asian tribes, later came up with the idea of expanding the silk trade. Because of this idea, the Silk Road was born, and to build a road became a priority to trade silk. For nearly 60 years of war, the world famous ancient Silk Road was built at the cost of many lives and treasures. It started from Chang'an (now Xi'an), across Middle Asia, South Asia, and Western Asia.Because of the Silk Road, many countries in Asia and Europe were connected. From then on, Chinese silk, along with many other Chinese inventions, were passed on to Europeans. Romans, especially the nobles, were also very fond of Chinese silk. Before that, Romans used to make clothes with animals’ skins, wool fabric, and some other materials. Now they all turned to silk. It is said that during the 1st century AD, a Roman emperor went to a theater wearing silk, which made a great stir in the audience.The trading relationship between the Chinese and the Indians also grew stronger with the increased Han expansion into Central Asia. The Chinese would trade their silk with the Indians for precious stones and metals, such as jade, gold, and silver, and the Indians would trade the silk with the Roman Empire.While the Chinese silk trade played a major role in the Chinese economy, it increased the number of foreign merchants in China under the Han Dynasty. In trading with Rome, the Chinese, for the first time in their history, encountered a civilization they consider as rich as their own.According to the historical records, Buddhism and Islam were the most significant religions that spread into China alongthe Silk Road. Other religions such as Christianity did not have the influences as Buddhism and Islam. Partly, due to the lack of artifacts of Christianity, it is difficult to trace related works of Christianity along the Silk Road.For centuries, silk has beautified people’s lives and promoted friendly exchanges between China and other countries. Nowadays, some countries are trying some new ways to make silk without silkworms. Hopefully, they can be successful. But whatever the result is, nobody should forget that silk was, still is, and will always be a priceless treasure.。
初中英语作文：中国的文化 Chinese Culture
【篇一】中国的文化 Chinese Culture Chinese is the necessary subject for students to learn. Even though some students learn Chinese all the time, they know little about Chinese culture. Today, the world is crazy about learning mandarin. A lot of foreigners are interested in Chinese culture, and they learn the traditional thoughts from Chinese great minds, such as Confucious. They also learn Tai Chi and they love it. On the contrary, many Chinese students are not interested in our culture, and they feel bored to learn. We should learn and get to know our culture well. It is our duty, or someday we will be kicked out and lag behind others. In the future, China will take the lead on economy.汉语对学生来说是必学的科目。
不过即使有些学生一直在学习汉语，但是他们对中国文化知之甚少。
如今，全世界都在疯狂地学习普通话，很多外国人都对中国文化感兴趣，他们从伟大的思想家那里学习中国的传统思想，比如孔子。
他们也喜欢学习太极。
相反，许多中国学生对我们的文化却不感兴趣，他们觉得学习中文是很无趣的。
Chinese_Culture--中国文化介绍 终成版(1)
the "Great Wall" reputation. The Great Wall in China's vast land of the north east and west lie the rolling one, imposing, as long as more than ten thousand li long wall. This is considered the world's architectural history of the Great Wall a great miracle. Great Wall is China's ancient defense project is a great crystallization of ancient Chinese people's strong determination and a high degree of wisdom in ancient China embodies the remarkable achievements of engineering technology, but also shows the Chinese nation's long history.
长城位于中国的北部，它东起河北省渤海湾的山海关，西至 内陆地区甘肃省的嘉峪关。横贯河北、北京、内蒙古、山西、陕 西、宁夏、甘肃等七个省、市、自治区，全长约6700公里，约 13300里，在世上有“万里长城”之誉。 万里长城在我国北方辽 阔的土地上，东西横亘着一道绵延起伏、气势雄伟、长达一万多 里的长墙。这就是被视为世界建筑史上一大奇迹的万里长城。万 里长城是我国古代一项伟大的防御工程它凝聚着我国古代人民的 坚强毅力和高度智慧，体现了我国古代工程技术的非凡成就，也 显示了中华民族的悠久历史。
中国英语怎么写
中国英语怎么写中国(China)，位于东亚，是一个以华夏文明为主体、中华文化为基础，以汉族为主要民族的统一多民族国家，通用汉语。
中国疆域内的各个民族统称为中华民族，龙是中华民族的象征。
那么，你知道中国的英语怎么写吗?中国的英文释义：ChinaChineseCathayCNthe People's Republic of China中国的英文例句：那个亚洲人拦住我，问我是不是中国人。
That Asian stopped me and asked if I was Chinese.中国人用筷子吃饭。
The Chinese eat with chopsticks.一位德国科学家打断了我，并问我是否来自中国。
A German scientist interrupted me and asked if I came from China.中国和许多国家进行多方面贸易。
China does a lot of trade with many countries.中国是一个有着悠久历史的东方国家。
China is an oriental country with a long history.北京是中国的首都。
Beijing is the capital of China.主张对中国汇率政策采取强硬态度的人承认，全球经济衰退在中国贸易顺差的大幅下降中发挥了一定的作用。
Yuan hawks acknowledge that the global downturn played a role in that slump.中国领导人说过中国永远不做超级大国。
Chinese leaders have already said china will never be a super power.中国曾经声称东海气田完全在中国的专属经济区内。
China has said that the fields lie entirely within its zone of economic control.这辆汽车是中国制造的。
中国服装英语介绍
中国服装英语介绍篇1China has a rich and diverse range of clothing styles, each with its own unique charm and cultural significance. Take Hanfu, for instance. Hanfu is characterized by its elegant design and exquisite craftsmanship. The flowing sleeves and complex patterns symbolize grace and refinement. It not only showcases the beauty of traditional Chinese aesthetics but also carries profound cultural connotations.In modern society, Hanfu has witnessed a remarkable resurgence. More and more people are drawn to its charm and start wearing it on various occasions. This revival is not just about fashion but also a way to preserve and promote our cultural heritage.Another notable style is Tangzhuang. With its bright colors and distinctive patterns, Tangzhuang reflects the prosperity and openness of the Tang Dynasty.In conclusion, Chinese clothing is a precious gem in our cultural treasure chest. Shouldn't we cherish and pass it on?篇2Oh my goodness! Chinese clothing is truly a wonder of craftsmanship and artistry. The making of Chinese clothing involves such exquisite techniques as embroidery and silk weaving. Take a beautifullyembroidered dress for example. First, the designer sketches the delicate patterns that are to be embroidered. Then, highly skilled artisans select the finest silk threads in a rainbow of colors. With deft hands and a steady eye, they meticulously stitch each thread into place, creating a work of art that seems to tell a story. The embroidery might feature elegant flowers, mythical creatures, or scenes from ancient tales. Isn't it amazing how such tiny stitches can come together to form a masterpiece? The silk fabric used is soft and smooth, flowing like a gentle breeze. The weaving process is equally complex, requiring precision and patience. It's no wonder that Chinese clothing is admired and sought after around the world. How could one not be in awe of such craftsmanship and beauty?篇3China has a long and splendid history of clothing, and its styles have undergone significant changes throughout different dynasties. Take the period from the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, for example. In the Song Dynasty, clothing was characterized by simplicity and elegance. Women often wore long gowns with narrow sleeves, which gave them a graceful and refined look. But in the Qing Dynasty, things were quite different! The clothing became more elaborate and colorful. Manchu-style jackets and long robes with complex patterns were common. For men, the hats and boots were also distinctive features. How amazing the transformation is! Isn't it a reflection of the changing social and culturalbackground? It shows how fashion is closely linked to the times. The evolution of Chinese clothing not only represents the changes in aesthetics but also reflects the development and progress of society. What an intriguing aspect of our history!篇4China's clothing has made an extraordinary impact on the international stage! How could one ignore the presence of Chinese elements in the world of fashion? Time and again, we witness these elements stealing the spotlight at international fashion shows. Take, for instance, the renowned brand Gucci. Their collection once incorporated traditional Chinese patterns and colors, creating a sensation. The use of delicate embroidery and the bold combination of red and gold truly caught the eyes of fashion lovers worldwide. Isn't it amazing how Chinese clothing elements can blend so seamlessly with modern designs? This not only showcases the charm of Chinese culture but also proves that China's clothing has the power to influence and inspire the global fashion industry. It's no wonder that more and more designers are looking to China for inspiration. So, will the influence of Chinese clothing continue to grow and evolve? I believe the answer is a definite yes!篇5China has a long and glorious history of clothing! The fusion oftraditional Chinese clothing and modern fashion is truly remarkable. Traditional patterns, such as the phoenix, dragon, and peony, are now ingeniously incorporated into modern designs. Take, for instance, the modern qipao that combines the elegance of its traditional silhouette with contemporary fabric and color choices. The use of traditional embroidery on modern jackets gives them a unique charm and character. Isn't it fascinating how these ancient elements can breathe new life into modern fashion? And the modern cheongsam that features modern cuts while retaining the essence of traditional patterns like the auspicious cloud? This seamless blend not only showcases the beauty of Chinese culture but also meets the aesthetic demands of the modern era. How wonderful it is to see such a harmonious combination!。
[转载]Chinese
![[转载]Chinese](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/d5c66de6f71fb7360b4c2e3f5727a5e9856a2745.png)
[转载]Chinese Culture -- 诗经英译 57305（国风卫风原⽂地址：Chinese Culture -- 诗经英译 57/305（国风卫风硕⼈）作者：TranslatorsDigest硕⼈其颀，⾐锦褧⾐。
齐侯之⼦，卫侯之妻。
东宫之妹，邢侯之姨，谭公维私。
注释：1、硕：⼤。
硕⼈：指卫庄公夫⼈庄姜。
颀（祈qí）：长貌。
其颀：《⽟篇》引作“颀颀”。
古代男⼥以硕⼤颀长为美。
2、褧（炯jiǒng）⾐：⼥⼦嫁时在途中所穿的外⾐，⽤枲（洗xǐ）⿇之类的材料制成。
这句是说在锦⾐上加褧⾐。
第⼀个“⾐”字是动词。
3、齐侯：指齐庄公。
⼦：⼥⼉。
4、卫侯：指卫庄公。
5、东宫：指齐国太⼦（名得⾂）。
东宫是太⼦所住的宫。
这句是说庄姜和得⾂同母，表明她是嫡出。
6、邢：国名，在今河北省邢台县。
姨：妻的姊妹。
7、谭：国名，在今⼭东省历城县东南。
维：犹“其”。
⼥⼦称谓姊妹的丈夫为“私”。
⼿如柔荑，肤如凝脂，领如蝤蛴，齿如瓠犀，螓⾸蛾眉，巧笑倩兮，美⽬盼兮。
8、柔荑（yí）：荑是初⽣的茅，已见《静⼥》篇注。
嫩茅去⽪后洁⽩细软，所以⽤来⽐⼥⼦的⼿。
9、凝脂：凝冻着的脂油，既⽩且滑。
10、领：颈。
蝤蛴（囚齐qiú qí）：天⽜之幼⾍，其⾊⽩⾝长。
11、瓠（壶hù）：葫芦类。
犀（xī）：瓠中的⼦叫做“犀”，因其洁⽩整齐，所以⽤来形容齿的美。
12、螓（秦qín）：⾍名，似蝉⽽⼩，额宽⼴⽽⽅正。
蛾眉：蚕蛾的眉（即触⾓），细长⽽曲。
⼈的眉⽑以长为美，所以⽤蛾眉作⽐。
13、倩：酒靥之美。
⼝颊含笑的样⼦。
14、盼：⿊⽩分明。
硕⼈敖敖，说于农郊。
四牡有骄，朱幩镳镳。
翟茀以朝。
⼤夫夙退，⽆使君劳。
15、敖敖：⾼貌。
16、说（税shuì）：停息。
农郊：近郊。
17、四牡：驾车的四匹牡马。
骄：壮貌。
18、朱幩（坟fén）：马⼝铁上⽤红绸缠缚做装饰。
镳镳（标biāo）：盛多貌。
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China
-Remind user have to pay -Warn user not to stain place
- Precautions -Warm tips
-Warm tips
视频: 史上最牛厕所收费
/v_show/id_XMjI0Mjg2MzEy.html
Japanese not think toilets are unlucky place, so they are willing to Japanese think that the cleanliness relevance to richness.
---
Chinese think toilets are places of unlucky and sickness.
1. 2. 3.
According to ‘’燕京雜記’’, which written after Jiaqing years , pay toilets was appeared in Qianlong year. 《中國收費公廁最早見於清代光緒年間的澳門》，羊城晚報 /Edm/epaper_JP/epaper100202.html
金文學:《中國人 日本人 韓國人》第一章
Summary
Japan
-Emphasizes Cleanliness Habit of toileting - Everything seriously Good facilities -Audio-visual inversion sense of shame -Treat toilet as a serious place
China
- Not emphasizes Cleanliness
- Lesser improvement of minor things -visual- audio sense of shame -Treat toilet as unwilling place
Japan - Normally ¥100~200
China -Casually charged ¥1~10 -not include tissue
Pay for what?
In the past:
In the past:
Now: Now:
For carrying child
Notice
Japan
China & Japan Washroom Culture
-Pay toilet
- Habits
Pay toilets
Earliest pay toilet
Japan
China
Edo Period (1603-1867)3 In Qing Dynasty, - Pay for the service and a cup - Qianlong(乾隆) Beijing of tea One penny(一文錢) once1 - Guangxu (光緒) Macau2
Direction of squat toilet
Why Chinese not back to the door?
Japan -The direction of outfalls is front
China -The direction of outfalls is back
-Confucian decency and propriety 儒家禮教
their urinating, while Chinese not. When going to the toilet:
Japanese women
- Flushing twice - play music
Chinese women
- No action
Sound of urinating
【Japan】 Invention to hide the sound
齊藤政喜: 《東京見便錄》P.9
•Hale Waihona Puke China Towards the door Parallels to the door
Why not back to the door? -Confucian decency and propriety 儒家禮教 金文學:《中國人 日本人 韓國人》第一章
Payment methods
Japan
Vending machine People’s consciousness
Payment methods
China
A man to collect the fee
People’s consciousness (rare)
Vending machine
Summary
Japan
-Attention to detail
Many facilities
China
- Heavy acquisitiveness - Lower conscious - Less humanistic concern
- Highly conscious - Heavy humanistic concern
Sit toilets V.S. squat toilets
Toilet seat -Dirty -Unhygienic Solution I: Step on it Solution II: squat toilet
Toilet seat -clean -hygienic
Toilet seat cover
Disinfectant
Prevent skin touch toilet
Habit of toileting
Japan of toilet: About cleanliness China
emphasizes
For Japanese:
Not focus on
Toilet slippers Good water-soluble paper Have to flush for the next Cleaning function of toilets
Sound of urinating
The sense of shame:
Japanese women
Chinese women
Audio-visual inversion Japanese women feel insultVisual-audio if other here the sound of
Habits
Sit toilets V.S. squat toilets
View of toilet:
Japan Clean & relax Dirty
China
Performance of civilization
the conditions and facilities of toilets. With improve relish, serious humble
Otohime 音姬 to play sound of flushing/ music 2. Toilet music box to play music
1.
Direction of squat toilet
Japan Back to the door Parallel to the door