CNC_Technology

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数控技术专业英文介绍范文

数控技术专业英文介绍范文

数控技术专业英文介绍范文Title: Introduction to CNC Technology Major.CNC (Computer Numerical Control) technology is a cutting-edge field that combines engineering, computer science, and manufacturing to revolutionize the way products are designed and produced. Students in the CNC Technology major learn how to program, operate, and maintain computer-controlled machines to create precision components and parts for various industries.Courses in the CNC Technology major cover topics such as CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing), CNC machining, tooling, and quality control. Students gain hands-on experience with CNC machines and software, enabling them to translate digital designs into physical products with high accuracy and efficiency.Graduates of the CNC Technology major are in high demand in industries such as aerospace, automotive, electronics, and medical device manufacturing. They have the skills and knowledge to work as CNC programmers, machinists, quality control specialists, and manufacturing engineers, contributing to the advancementof technology and innovation in manufacturing processes.By studying CNC Technology, students not only acquire technical skills but also develop problem-solving abilities, critical thinking, and attention to detail. This major prepares individuals for exciting and rewarding careers in the fast-paced world of advanced manufacturing.标题:数控技术专业介绍。

数控技术专业英文介绍范文

数控技术专业英文介绍范文

数控技术专业英文介绍范文English: The CNC technology major is designed to train students in the principles and practical skills of computer numerical control (CNC) machining. Students will learn how to use computer programs to control and operate machines such as lathes, milling machines, and grinders to produce precision parts and components. They will also study topics such as machining strategies, tooling selection, blueprint reading, and quality control. In addition to hands-on experience in CNC programming and machine operation, students will also receive training in CAD/CAM software, CNC equipment maintenance, and troubleshooting techniques. Graduates of this program will be well-equipped to pursue careers in industries such as aerospace, automotive, medical device manufacturing, and more, where precision machining is essential for producing high-quality products.中文翻译: 数控技术专业旨在培养学生掌握计算机数控(CNC)加工的原理和实践技能。

数控技术专业英语(数控)Unit1

数控技术专业英语(数控)Unit1

3.For machine tool control: (1) point-to-point tool movements, (2) continuous-path (or contouring) tool movements.
4.For tool positioning modes/programming: (1) incremental positioning mode, (2) absolute positioning mode, (3) diameter programming, (4) radius programming. 5.For servo control systems: (1) open-loop control system, (2) closed-loop control system.
They can be played back,edited,and processed by the controller.All programs resided in RAM,however, are lost when the CNC machine is turned off.These programs can be saved on auxiliary storage devices such as punched tape,magnetic tape,or magnetic disk. The MCU units have graphics screens that can display not only the CNC program but also the cutter paths generated and any errors in the program.
NC technology has found many applications, including lathes, and turning centers, milling machines and machining centers, punches, electrical discharge machines (EDM), flame cutters, grinders, and testing and inspection equipments. The most complex CNC machine tools are the turning center with a ten-station turret that accepts quick-change tools, the vertical machining center that the tool magazine is on the left of the machine and horizontal machining center equipped with an automatic tool changer, shown in Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2 respectively. Generally speaking, tool magazines can store 200 cutting tools.

论述数控机床的未来发展趋势论文五千字

论述数控机床的未来发展趋势论文五千字

论述数控机床的未来发展趋势论文五千字篇一:数控机床技术现状与发展趋势论文数控机床技术的现况与发展趋势[摘要] 数控技术和数控武器系统是各个国家工业现代化的重要基础。

我国很高数控技术与世界先进国家相比还有一定的歧异,情况因此了解数控技术国内外的发展状况对我国数控领域的发展有非常重要的意义。

[关键词] 数控技术软件伺服发展方向数控技术(简称nc即numerical contro1)应用于生产中已有二十多年工业生产的建筑史了,它使传统使得的制造业发生了科泽藓的变化,尤其是近年来.微电子技术和电子技术的发展给nc技术带来了新的活力。

数控机床是现代制造业的主流设备,是体现现代机械技术水平、现代机械制造业文学语言工艺水平的重要徽标,是关系国计民生、国防尖端建设的战略物资。

因此世界上各工业发达国家均采取重大措施来发展自己的数控技术及其产业。

一、数控技术和数控设备国内外发展现状1.开放结构的发展数控技术从发明到现在,已有近60年的历史。

按照经济发展电子器件的发展可分为五个发展阶段:电子管数控,晶体管数控,中小规模pc数控,小型计算机数控,微处理器pc数控;从体系结构的发展,可分为以硬件及连线组成的硬数控系统、计算机硬件及软件组成的cnc 数控系统,后者也称为软数控系统:从伺服及控制的方式可分为步进电机驱动的开环系统和伺服电机驱动的闭环系统。

数控系统装备的机床大大提高了加工精度、速度和效率。

篇二:《毕业论文》数控机床的产业发展与趋势届本科毕业设计设计题目:数控机床的发展与趋势学生姓名:所在院系:所学专业:导师姓名:完成时间:摘要数控技术是用数字信息对机械运动和工作过程进行控制的技术。

本设计简要简要分析了数控机床高速化、高精度化、复合化、智能化、开放化、网络化、多轴化、绿色化等行业发展趋势,讨论谈论了国内外数控装备技术发展和产业化的现状,并分析了其存在的环境问题,提出了工业部门数控机床发展拟出的对策。

关键词:数控机床;现状;趋势;对策1NC technology development trendsAbstractCNC technology is the use of digital information on the mechanical movement and the working process control technology. A brief summary of the design analysis of high-speed CNC machine tools, precision, complex and intelligent, open, network-based, multi-axis, and green, and so on development trends, both at home and abroad to discuss the development of numerical control equipment and technology andindustrialization the status quo, and to analyze its problems. put forward the development of CNC machine tool solutions.Key words:NC machina;current situation;pevetopment trend;countemeasure目录1 引言 22 数控系统发展简史及趋势 22.1 数控(NC)阶段(1952~1970年) (2)2.2 计算机数控(CNC)阶段(1970年~现在) 32.3 数控技术及装备的发展趋势 .. 33数控系统体系结构向基于PC的全数字化开放体系结构方向发展战略 43.1 高速化 63.2 高精度化 83.3 功能复合化 83.4 控制智能化 93.5 体系开放化 103.6 驱动并联化 103.7 极端化(大型化和微型化) (10)3.8 信息交互网络化 . 103.9 新型功能部件 113.10 高可靠性 123.11 加工过程绿色化 123.12 虚拟现实的应用 124 世界数控机床产业行业及消费需求 134.1 市场需求发展和基本格局变化 (13)4.2 世界机床业的生产消费品和贸易 135 我国数控机床电子技术发展现状及思考 145.1我国数控机床的健康发展现状 (14)5.2对我国数控机床的思考 156结束语 16致谢 17参考文献 181 引言从20世纪中叶工学出现以来,数控机床给机械制造业带来了开创性革命性的变化。

提高《数控技术应用》课程教学质量的途径和方法

提高《数控技术应用》课程教学质量的途径和方法

浅议提高《数控技术应用》课程教学质量的途径和方法摘要:通过对《数控技术应用》课程的特点分析,以及针对我校当前《数控技术及应用》课程教学过程中存在的问题,结合中等职业学校课程体系改革,提出了改进《数控技术应用》课程教学质量的途径和方法。

abstract: by analyzing the characteristics and the existing problems of cnc technology application, this paper puts forward to approaches to improving teaching quality of cnc technology application, combining the course system reform of secondary vocational school.关键词:数控技术应用;课程特点;教学质量key words: cnc technology application;course characteristics;quality of teaching中图分类号:g712 文献标识码:a 文章编号:1006-4311(2013)11-0278-02————————————作者简介:王晓宇(1964-),男,陕西长武人,西北工业学校机械工程系教师,高级职称,从事数控及模具理论与实训教学工作。

1 《数控技术应用》课程特点1.1 涉及基础面宽。

《数控技术应用》这门课程设计制图、工艺、刀具、机床、材料、电子技术、切削原理、数字控制、通信接口与网络、plc、计算机技术、软件技术、检测以及电机等内容,因此这是一门综合性很强的专业技术课,不仅涉及的专业基础知识面广,而且综合性强以及难度大。

1.2 技术更新快。

数控技术随着计算机技术、微电子技术、材料和机械结构以及测试技术等各方面的高速发展已经不仅仅是数字控制而是一门科学技术,并且是一门结合设计、工艺、制造以及自动化控制的多学科交叉型的科学技术。

【机械专业英文文献】数控技术的发展

【机械专业英文文献】数控技术的发展

NC technology development trends1 NC system developments at home and abroadWith the rapid development of computer technology, the traditional beginning of a fundamental change manufacturing, the industrial developed countries spent huge sums of money on the modern manufacturing technology research and development, to create a new model. In modern manufacturing systems, CNC technology is the key to technology, which combines microelectronics, computers, information processing, automatic detection, automatic control, such as the integration of advanced, a high-precision, high-efficiency, flexible automation, and other characteristics, the manufacturing industry Flexible automation, integrated, intelligent play the pivotal role. At present, NC technology is undergoing a fundamental change, from a special closed-loop control mode to general-purpose real-time dynamic open all closed-loop control mode. In the integrated on the basis of the CNC systems ultra-thin, ultra-light; on the basis of the intelligent, integrated computers, multimedia, fuzzy control, neural network and other technical disciplines, NC system to achieve high-speed, high-precision, Efficient control, automatic processing can be amended to regulate compensation and the parameters for an online intelligent fault diagnosis and treatment of the network based on the CAD / CAM and CNC systems integration as one machine network, makes the central government centralized control of the group control processing.For a long time, China''s CNC system for traditional closed architecture, but only as a non-intelligent CNC machine controller. Process variables based on experience in the form of pre-fixed parameters, processing procedures before the actual processing by hand or throughCAD / CAM and automatic programming system prepared. CAD / CAM and CNC have no feedback control link, the entire manufacturing process CNC is a closed ring-opening implementing agencies. In a complex and changing environment under the conditions of processing tool in the process of composition, workpiece material, spindle speed, feed rate, tool path, cutting depth, step, allowance and other processing parameters, not at the scene circumstances under external interference and real-time dynamic random factors, not by random amendment feedback control link CAD / CAM settings volume, in turn, affect the work of CNC machining efficiency and product quality. Clearly, the traditional fixed CNC system that controlled mode and closed architecture, limiting the CNC to the development of more intelligent control variables, can no longer meet the increasingly complex manufacturing process, therefore, the CNC technology in the potential for change inevitable.2 NC technology development trends2.1 Performance development direction(1) high-speed high-precision efficient speed, accuracy and efficiency of machinery manufacturing technology is the key performance indicators. As a result of the high-speedCPU chips, RISC chip, as well as multi-CPU control system with high-resolution detector of the absolute exchange digital servo system, taken at the same time improve the machine dynamic and static characteristics of effective measures, the high-speed high-precision machine has been efficient greatly enhanced.(2) Flexible includes two aspects: CNC system itself flexibility, NC system is modular in design, functional coverage, can be cut and strong, and easy to meet the needs of different users; group control system flexibility, with a control system pursuant to the requirements of different production processes, materials flow and information flow automatically dynamically adjusted to maximize their group control system performance.(3) Process of composite and multi-axis to reduce the process time for the main purpose of supporting the composite processing, and are moving towards multi-axis, multi-function control of the direction of series development. NC Machine Tool Technology composite refers to the workpiece in a single machine on a fixture, through an automatic tool change, rotating spindle head or turntable, and other measures to accomplish multiple processes, multi-surface machining compound. Axis CNC technology, Siemens 880-axis control system for up to 24 axes.(4) Real-time Intelligent early for the real-time system is usually relatively simple ideal environment, and its role is to scheduling tasks, to ensure that the task be completed within a specified time limit. And artificial intelligence is used to model the realization of mankind''s various intelligent behaviors. To the development of science and technology today, real-time systems and artificial intelligence combined with each other towards artificial intelligence is a real-time response, a more realistic field of development, and also in the real-time system with intelligent behavior, the more complex application development, resulting in the Intelligent real-time control of this new area. NC technology in the field, real-time intelligent control of the research and application of development along several main branches: adaptive control, fuzzy control, neural network control, experts control, learning control, feed-forward control.For example, in CNC programming system with expert systems, fault diagnosis expert system parameters automatically set and tool management and automatic compensation, such as adaptive conditioning systems, in high-speed processing of the integrated motion control ahead of the introduction of budget projections and functional, dynamic Feedforward functions in pressure, temperature, position, velocity, control, fuzzy control, the control of the NC system performance greatly improved, so as to achieve optimal control purposes.2.2 functional development direction(1) The user interface is graphical user interface with the CNC system of dialogue between the user interface. Since different users interface requirements are different, thus the development of the workload of great user interface, user interface software developed into the most difficult part of. At present INTERNET, virtual reality, visualization in scientific computing and multimedia technologies, such as the user interface has put a higher demand. Graphical user interface greatly facilitates the use of non-professional users, it can be carried out through the window and menu operation, ease of programming and blueprint for rapid programming, three-dimensional dynamic three-dimensional color graphics, graphics, simulation, graphics, dynamic tracking and simulation, and the different directions view and partial display ratio scaling function can be achieved.(2) visualization in scientific computing visualization in scientific computing can be used for efficient data processing and interpretation of data, so that the exchange of information is no longer limited to using the written word and language, and can direct the use of graphics, image, animation, video and other information. Visualization technology and virtual environmenttechnology, to further broaden the application areas, such as a drawing design, virtual prototyping technology, which shorten product design cycles, improving product quality, reduce production cost is of great significance. NC technology in the areas of visualization technology can be used for CAD / CAM, such as automatic programming design parameters automatically set, tool compensation and tool management of dynamic data processing and display, as well as the processing of visual simulation, and other presentations.(3) interpolation, and a variety of methods of compensation interpolation methods such as multiple linear interpolation, circular interpolation, cylindrical interpolation, space elliptical surface interpolation, thread interpolation, polar coordinates interpolation, 2 D +2 helical interpolation , NANO interpolation, interpolation NURBS (non-uniform rational B-spline interpolation), spline interpolation (A, B, C kind), such as polynomial interpolation. A variety of functions such as compensation gap compensation vertical compensation quadrant error compensation, and measurement systems pitch error compensation, and speed-related feedforward compensation and temperature compensation, with nearly smooth and exit, as well as the opposite point of the cutter radius compensation.(4) high-performance PLC contents contents performance CNC system PLC control module can be directly used ladder diagram or high-level language programming, with intuitive online debugging and online help function. Programming tools include the standard used lathe and milling machine PLC user program an example, users may PLC user program standards on the basis of editorial changes, thus easily build their own applications.(5) application of multimedia technology of multimedia technology-computers, audio-visual andcommunication technology, and it has the computer integrated voice, text, images and video information. In NC technology, multimedia technology can be applied to information processing integrated, intelligent, real-time monitoring system in the field and production equipment fault diagnosis, monitoring of process parameters such as production has a significant value.2.3 Development of the Architecture(1) integration of a highly integrated CPU, programmable RISC chips and large-scale integrated circuits FPGA, EPLD, CPLD and ASIC ASIC chips that can improve the CNC system integration and hardware and software operating speed. Application FPD flat panel display technology can improve display performance. Flat-panel displays with high science and technology content, light weight, small size, low power consumption and portability advantages can be realized Supersized, a counterweight to the emerging and CRT display technology, display technology in the 21st century the mainstream. Application of advanced packaging and interconnect technologies, semiconductors and surface mount technology integration. By increasing the density of integrated circuits, reducing the length and number of interconnection products to reduce prices, improve performance, reduce component size, improve the reliability of the system.(2) easy to implement modular hardware modular NC systems integration and standardization. According to various functional requirements, the basic modules, such as CPU, memory, position servo, PLC, the input and output interfaces, and communications modules, making the standard Series products, through functional building-block approach to cutting the number of steps and modules, a NC system at different grades.(3) machine interconnection network for remote control of unmanned operation. Machine through networking, can be in any one machine on the other machine programming, configuration, operation, operating, different machine can be displayed on the screen each machine on the screen.(4) general-open the closed-loop control mode to adopt a common computer component Bus, modular, open, embedded architecture, ease of cutting, expansion and upgrading, can be composed of different grades, different types, different degree of integration CNC system. Closed-loop control mode is the traditional CNC system only for single closed-open-loop control mode proposed. The manufacturing process is a multi-variable control and the role of integrated processing complex process, including processing, such as size, shape, vibration, noise, temperature and thermal deformation, and other factors, therefore, to achieve the process of multi-objective optimization, Multivariable must adopt the closed-loop control, real-time processing in the dynamic adjustment process variables. Processing the adoption of open universal real-time closed-loop control mode the whole dynamic, easy real-time intelligent computer technology, network technology, multimedia technology, CAD / CAM, servo control, adaptive control, dynamic data management and dynamic tool compensation, dynamic simulation and other high technology into one, a tight closed-loop manufacturing process control system to achieve integrated, intelligent, network-based.3 PCNC new generation of intelligent CNC systemResearch and Development adapted to the current complexity of the manufacturing process, with the structure of the closed-loop control system, a new generation of intelligent PCNCCNC system has become possible. PCNC NC intelligent system will be a new generation of intelligent computer technology, network technology, CAD / CAM, servo control, adaptive control, dynamic data management and dynamic tool compensation, dynamic simulation and other high technology into one, a tight closure of the manufacturing process Central control system.。

数控技术- 英文

数控技术- 英文

Computerized Numerical Control (CNC)Course title: Computerized Numerical Control (CNC)Code:Credit: 2Lecture Hours: 24OverviewThis course is a compulsory course for students majoring in Mechanical Engineering and Automation. It aims to help students apply the basic operating principle and its application to solve the problems of design and application of CNC machine tool in practical manufacturing. This course provides students with an understanding of the characteristics and classification of CNC device, CNC programming for machining, the interpolation principle and mechanical structure and design of CNC machine tool. Meanwhile, it also strengthens their awareness of the structure of CNC system, servo feeding system and surveying device of CNC machine tool as well as its development and other application fields.Aims and ObjectivesThis course mainly explores technical transformation of CNC machine tools and relevant knowledge of mechanism, electronics and computer technology required by the application of CNC machine tools. On successful completion of this course, students should be able to:*have a positive attitude and develop a critical thinking;*enhance their professional ethics and ability;*link theory with practice and their major;*develop their vocational interest, tough character, good communication skill, team spirit and problem-solving ability;*master the characteristics and classification of CNC device, CNC programming for machining, the interpolation principle and mechanical structure and design of CNC machine tool.*keep abreast of current CNC development and other application fields.Syllabus and Schedule of LecturesTheoretical Teaching:Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 An Introduction of CNC Machine Tool and Its Classification1.2 The Origin and Development of CNC Machine Tool1.3 FMC, FMS and CIMSChapter 2 Programming of CNC Machining2.1 Basis of CNC Programming2.2 Manual Programming2.3 An Introduction of Automatic Programming of CNC MachiningChapter 3 CNC Device and Its Interface3.1 The Hardware Structure of CNC Device3.2 The Software Structure of CNC Device3.3 PLC and Interface Circuit of CNC DeviceChapter 4 Interpolation, Cutter Compensation and Speed Control4.1 Interpolation Principle and Programming4.2 Cutter Radius Compensation, Feed Speed and Acceleration and Deceleration ControlChapter 5 Servo-drive System5.1 Surveying Device, Stepper Motor and Its Driving System5.2 Direct Current Servomotor and Its Speed Control5.3 Alternating Current Servomotor and Its Speed Control5.4 Spindle Drive and Position ControlChapter 6 An Introduction to the Cases of CNC System6.1 An Introduction of Economical CNC System6.2 Advanced Economical CNC System6.3 An Introduction of High-class CNC SystemPractical Training (12 Hours)PrerequisitesElectrical Engineering and Electronic Technique, Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), Basis of Control Engineering, The Test Sensor Technology, Principle of Mechanical Manufacturing Engineering, etc.TextbookDong, Yuhong. Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) (2nd ed.). Higher Education Press, 2012.AssessmentsAssignment (including group work, experiment report, homework and attendance)30% Examination 70%。

数控技术 专业 英语

数控技术 专业 英语

数控技术专业英语With the rapid development of manufacturing technology, the demand for CNC (Computer Numerical Control) professionals has been increasing steadily. The application of CNC technology is becoming increasingly widespread, and CNC programming has become an essential part for the manufacturing industry. When it comes to the study of CNC technology, professionals must master the relevant technical vocabulary in English, as it is often used as the adaptation language in the field. Therefore, it is imperative to learn CNC-related terminology in English, especially for those who specialize in this field.The study of CNC technology in English covers a broad range of topics. In this article, we will narrow our focus to the following areas:1. Introduction to CNC TechnologyCNC technology is the process of using computers to automate machine tools. The CNC machine tool cuts or carves away material from raw stocks to create a finished product.It is used in a variety of industries, including aerospace, automotive, precision engineering and medical devices. Before understanding CNC technology and its applications, it is necessary to understand basic CNC terminology such as axis, coordinates, program, tool path, and so on.2. CNC ProgrammingProgramming is an essential part of CNC technology. A fundamental understanding of the syntax, parameters, and syntax used to create CNC programs is vital. CNC programs aregenerally written in G-code, which is a form of machine code that a CNC machine tool can understand. The CNC programs are used to direct the CNC machine tool for cutting or carving actions.3. CNC Machining CentersCNC machining centers are automated machine tools that can perform complex machining operations. Machining operations include drilling, milling, grinding, and turning.A CNC machining center employs a variety of tools such as drills, saws, and lathes to perform various tasks. A skilled CNC operator must have a comprehensive knowledge of the various types of CNC machining centers and an in-depth understanding of the proper application of such centers.4. Industrial Robotics in CNC TechnologyIndustrial robots are revolutionizing CNC technology. They are used in CNC manufacturing to perform repetitive tasks quickly and accurately. Industrial robots are used in various CNC operations such as deburring, welding, drilling, and painting. It is important to understand the programming and functionality of the robots to ensure efficient and safe operations.In conclusion, CNC technology is a vast and exciting field that requires a sound understanding of technical vocabulary. However, mastering the English language is essential for professionals specializing in CNC technology. With this knowledge, professionals will gain a higher level of competency, perform their responsibilities effectively and expand their career opportunities in this fast-growing industry.。

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数控技术数控技术,简称“数控”。

英文:Numerical Control(NC)。

是指用数字、文字和符号组成的数字指令来实现一台或多台机械设备动作控制的技术。

它所控制的通常是位置、角度、速度等机械量和与机械能量流向有关的开关量。

数控的产生依赖于数据载体和二进制形式数据运算的出现。

1908年,穿孔的金属薄片互换式数据载体问世;19世纪末,以纸为数据载体并具有辅助功能的控制系统被发明;1938年,香农在美国麻省理工学院进行了数据快速运算和传输,奠定了现代计算机,包括计算机数字控制系统的基础。

数控技术是与机床控制密切结合发展起来的。

1952年,第一台数控机床问世,成为世界机械工业史上一件划时代的事件,推动了自动化的发展。

现在,数控技术也叫计算机数控技术,目前它是采用计算机实现数字程序控制的技术。

这种技术用计算机按事先存贮的控制程序来执行对设备的控制功能。

由于采用计算机替代原先用硬件逻辑电路组成的数控装置,使输入数据的存贮、处理、运算、逻辑判断等各种控制机能的实现,均可以通过计算机软件来完成。

数控技术的应用不但给传统制造业带来了革命性的变化,使制造业成为工业化的象征,而且随着数控技术的不断发展和应用领域的扩大,他对国计民生的一些重要行业(IT、汽车、轻工、医疗等)的发展起着越来越重要的作用,因为这些行业所需装备的数字化已是现代发展的大趋势。

从目前世界上数控技术及其装备发展的趋势来看,其主要研究热点有以下几个方面。

1.高速、高精加工技术及装备的新趋势效率、质量是先进制造技术的主体。

高速、高精加工技术可极大地提高效率,提高产品的质量和档次,缩短生产周期和提高市场竞争能力。

为此日本先端技术研究会将其列为5大现代制造技术之一,国际生产工程学会(CIRP)将其确定为21世纪的中心研究方向之一。

在轿车工业领域,年产30万辆的生产节拍是40秒/辆,而且多品种加工是轿车装备必须解决的重点问题之一;在航空和宇航工业领域,其加工的零部件多为薄壁和薄筋,刚度很差,材料为铝或铝合金,只有在高切削速度和切削力很小的情况下,才能对这些筋、壁进行加工。

近来采用大型整体铝合金坯料“掏空”的方法来制造机翼、机身等大型零件来替代多个零件通过众多的铆钉、螺钉和其他联结方式拼装,使构件的强度、刚度和可靠性得到提高。

这些都对加工装备提出了高速、高精和高柔性的要求。

从EMO2001展会情况来看,高速加工中心进给速度可达80m/min,甚至更高,空运行速度可达100m/min左右。

目前世界上许多汽车厂,包括我国的上海通用汽车公司,已经采用以高速加工中心组成的生产线部分替代组合机床。

美国CINCINNATI公司的HyperMach机床进给速度最大达60m/min,快速为100m/min,加速度达2g,主轴转速已达60000r/min。

加工一薄壁飞机零件,只用30min,而同样的零件在一般高速铣床加工需3h,在普通铣床加工需8h;德国DMG公司的双主轴车床的主轴速度及加速度分别达12*!000r/mm和1g。

在加工精度方面,近10年来,普通级数控机床的加工精度已由10μm提高到5μm,精密级加工中心则从3~5μm,提高到1~1.5μm,并且超精密加工精度已开始进入纳米级(0.01μm)。

在可靠性方面,国外数控装置的MTBF值已达6 000h以上,伺服系统的MTBF值达到30000h以上,表现出非常高的可靠性。

为了实现高速、高精加工,与之配套的功能部件如电主轴、直线电机得到了快速的发展,应用领域进一步扩大。

2. 5轴联动加工和复合加工机床快速发展采用5轴联动对三维曲面零件的加工,可用刀具最佳几何形状进行切削,不仅光洁度高,而且效率也大幅度提高。

一般认为,1台5轴联动机床的效率可以等于2台3轴联动机床,特别是使用立方氮化硼等超硬材料铣刀进行高速铣削淬硬钢零件时,5轴联动加工可比3轴联动加工发挥更高的效益。

但过去因5轴联动数控系统、主机结构复杂等原因,其价格要比3轴联动数控机床高出数倍,加之编程技术难度较大,制约了5轴联动机床的发展。

当前由于电主轴的出现,使得实现5轴联动加工的复合主轴头结构大为简化,其制造难度和成本大幅度降低,数控系统的价格差距缩小。

因此促进了复合主轴头类型5轴联动机床和复合加工机床(含5面加工机床)的发展。

在EMO2001展会上,新日本工机的5面加工机床采用复合主轴头,可实现4个垂直平面的加工和任意角度的加工,使得5面加工和5轴加工可在同一台机床上实现,还可实现倾斜面和倒锥孔的加工。

德国DMG公司展出DMUVoution系列加工中心,可在一次装夹下5面加工和5轴联动加工,可由CNC系统控制或CAD/CAM直接或间接控制。

3. 智能化、开放式、网络化成为当代数控系统发展的主要趋势21世纪的数控装备将是具有一定智能化的系统,智能化的内容包括在数控系统中的各个方面:为追求加工效率和加工质量方面的智能化,如加工过程的自适应控制,工艺参数自动生成;为提高驱动性能及使用连接方便的智能化,如前馈控制、电机参数的自适应运算、自动识别负载自动选定模型、自整定等;简化编程、简化操作方面的智能化,如智能化的自动编程、智能化的人机界面等;还有智能诊断、智能监控方面的内容、方便系统的诊断及维修等。

为解决传统的数控系统封闭性和数控应用软件的产业化生产存在的问题。

目前许多国家对开放式数控系统进行研究,如美国的NGC(The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control)、欧共体的OSACA(Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems)、日本的OSEC(Open System Environment for Controller),中国的ONC(Open Numerical Control System)等。

数控系统开放化已经成为数控系统的未来之路。

所谓开放式数控系统就是数控系统的开发可以在统一的运行平台上,面向机床厂家和最终用户,通过改变、增加或剪裁结构对象(数控功能),形成系列化,并可方便地将用户的特殊应用和技术诀窍集成到控制系统中,快速实现不同品种、不同档次的开放式数控系统,形成具有鲜明个性的名牌产品。

目前开放式数控系统的体系结构规范、通信规范、配置规范、运行平台、数控系统功能库以及数控系统功能软件开发工具等是当前研究的核心。

网络化数控装备是近两年国际著名机床博览会的一个新亮点。

数控装备的网络化将极大地满足生产线、制造系统、制造企业对信息集成的需求,也是实现新的制造模式如敏捷制造、虚拟企业、全球制造的基础单元。

国内外一些著名数控机床和数控系统制造公司都在近两年推出了相关的新概念和样机,如在EMO2001展中,日本山崎马扎克(Mazak)公司展出的“CyberProductio n Center”(智能生产控制中心,简称CPC);日本大隈(Okuma)机床公司展出“IT plaza”(信息技术广场,简称IT广场);德国西门子(Siemens)公司展出的Open Manufacturing Environment(开放制造环境,简称OME)等,反映了数控机床加工向网络化方向发展的趋势。

4. 重视新技术标准、规范的建立(1)关于数控系统设计开发规范如前所述,开放式数控系统有更好的通用性、柔性、适应性、扩展性,美国、欧共体和日本等国纷纷实施战略发展计划,并进行开放式体系结构数控系统规范(OMAC、OSACA、OSEC)的研究和制定,世界3个最大的经济体在短期内进行了几乎相同的科学计划和规范的制定,预示了数控技术的一个新的变革时期的来临。

我国在2000年也开始进行中国的ONC 数控系统的规范框架的研究和制定。

(2)关于数控标准数控标准是制造业信息化发展的一种趋势。

数控技术诞生后的50年间的信息交换都是基于ISO6983标准,即采用G,M代码描述如何(how)加工,其本质特征是面向加工过程,显然,他已越来越不能满足现代数控技术高速发展的需要。

为此,国际上正在研究和制定一种新的CNC系统标准ISO14649(STEP-NC),其目的是提供一种不依赖于具体系统的中性机制,能够描述产品整个生命周期内的统一数据模型,从而实现整个制造过程,乃至各个工业领域产品信息的标准化。

STEP-NC的出现可能是数控技术领域的一次革命,对于数控技术的发展乃至整个制造业,将产生深远的影响。

首先,STEP-NC提出一种崭新的制造理念,传统的制造理念中,NC加工程序都集中在单个计算机上。

而在新标准下,NC程序可以分散在互联网上,这正是数控技术开放式、网络化发展的方向。

其次,STEP-NC数控系统还可大大减少加工图纸(约75%)、加工程序编制时间(约35%)和加工时间(约50%)。

目前,欧美国家非常重视STEP-NC的研究,欧洲发起了STEP-NC的IMS计划(1999.1.1~2001.12.31)。

参加这项计划的有来自欧洲和日本的20个CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC用户、厂商和学术机构。

美国的STEP Tools公司是全球范围内制造业数据交换软件的开发者,他已经开发了用作数控机床加工信息交换的超级模型(Super Model),其目标是用统一的规范描述所有加工过程。

目前这种新的数据交换格式已经在配备了SIEMENS、FIDIA以及欧洲OSACA-NC数控系统的原型样机上进行了验证。

编辑本段数控机床程序编制一.数控机床编程的方法数控机床程序编制的方法有三种:即手工编程、自动编程CAD/CAM 。

1. 手工编程由人工完成零件图样分析、工艺处理、数值计算、书写程序清单直到程序的输入和检验。

适用于点位加工或几何形状不太复杂的零件,但是,非常费时,且编制复杂零件时,容易出错。

2. 自动编程使用计算机或程编机,完成零件程序的编制的过程,对于复杂的零件很方便。

3. CAD/CAM利用CAD/CAM软件,实现造型及图象自动编程。

最为典型的软件是Master CAM,其可以完成铣削二坐标、三坐标、四坐标和五坐标、车削、线切割的编程,此类软件虽然功能单一,但简单易学,价格较低,仍是目前中小企业的选择。

二.数控机床程序编制的内容和步骤1. 数控机床编程的主要内容分析零件图样、确定加工工艺过程、进行数学处理、编写程序清单、制作控制介质、进行程序检查、输入程序以及工件试切。

2. 数控机床的步骤1) 分析零件图样和工艺处理根据图样对零件的几何形状尺寸,技术要求进行分析,明确加工的内容及要求,决定加工方案、确定加工顺序、设计夹具、选择刀具、确定合理的走刀路线及选择合理的切削用量等。

同时还应发挥数控系统的功能和数控机床本身的能力,正确选择对刀点,切入方式,尽量减少诸如换刀、转位等辅助时间。

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