英语口语课Causes of Crimes

Causes of Crimes2.1 Causes Occurred in Society2.1.1 Negative Influences by Market EconomyEver since the introduction of market economy in 1980s, it has been playing a positive role in promoting China’s economy. However, its negative influences show up in some fields.The cultural and ideological conflict brought by market economy to som e extent gives rise to confusion in people’s minds, leaving people divert from the right outlooks on life and the right values. They are pursuing enjoyment and eluding hardship. In the case that they are not able to meet their goals through legal channels, some of them would probably meet their personal demands via breaking the law and committing crimes. In the meantime, a majority of people concentrate on material life in reality and many of them measure personal benefits and losses with the standard of material benefits. These factors trigger some crimes committed, including robbery, burglary, and fraud. In addition, market economy also results in unfairness in distributing social wealth and corruption, which influences people’s values in a deep way. Poverty is the greatest mass-based cause of crime. Seeing the increasing income gap between the poor and the rich, some of them don’t hold the conviction of everyone being equal any more. They are apt to be money-centered or benefit-oriented. What’s more, There are manyproblems,such as Lack of social security, work pressure, difficult employment, difficult living conditions, poor health insurance issues and so on, which may cause that people will not withstand these pressures and thus will fall into the abyss of some criminal activities.2.1.2 Temptation from Unhealthy Media CultureMedia are characteristic of offering the public the latest but perhaps not the best information. Therefore, on the one hand, they make it much more convenient for us to have access to sea of information and to widen our views; while on the other hand, they facilitate us to confront with more temptations. Violent elements and porn contents are found in some books, audio and video products. These illegal publications and video products flood into Internet, making a group of weak-minded people fall victims to these temptations and intoxicated with those unhealthy cultures. They cannot find the way out and would probably end up committing crimes. Some media only give priority to benefits instead of popularizing healthy culture. A variety of singing contests and TV shows mushrooms is up almost over one night. These shows lead young people to pursue reputation and benefit and dream of succeeding through shortcuts. To some extent, some med ia don’t properly guide the public opinions.2.2 Causes Occurred on Campus2.2.1 Defects of Educational SystemUnder the current educational system, schools at all levels relatively focus on professional education but ignore ideological and moral cultivation. Courses on professional knowledge are relatively boring and dull, while courses on moral education are just done for show. In some ways, they are not in conformity to reality and facts. Although many institutions of higher learning have embarked on quality education and have accordingly exercised a wide range of reforms in curriculum setup, they have not paid enough attention to the close link between education and the phenomenon of college students committing crimes. Relevant courses on rule of law are just conducted for show. Some students’ purpose of studying is just to pass all the exams, get enough credits and graduate in time. Some professors give lessons only for finishing jobs. Therefore, the entire atmosphere on campus is not study-oriented any more and everyone just keeps an eye on final results. How on earth should the education effect be measured? There is no scientific method to judge it. As a result, whether students’ psychological problems and ideological problems can be fixed and to what extent they can be fixed is no one’s concern. Under this educational mode, some students have poor sense of law, don’t shape right outlook on life and values and enjoy a wrong comprehension of society and life. Consequently, they lose themselves in the respect of morality. And that is how crimes committed by college students occur.2.2.2 Poor Management on CampusFirst of all, management resources on campus are relatively short due to enlargement of enrollment in institutions of higher learning. In the year of 2005, around 5.04 million students are enrolled into regular institutions of higher learning, which is 4.7 times of that in the year of 1998, making university enrollments reach 23 million, top one all over the world. As institutions of higher learning enlarge their enrollments at a rapid speed, there come the following problems: the shortage of educational resources, poor management, inability of logistic support and so on. These problems are having negative influence on institutions of higher learning, restraining development of school and damaging education quality. These defects are imposing bad influence on college students themselves. Secondly, management on mental health has not been put into place.The environment of promoting mental health education in most institutions of higher learning is underdeveloped. Relevant administrative organs in school neglect the importance of mental health since mental health is an invisible facet of human health. They hold the belief that keeping students in a sound physical form is performing their duty. However, it is far from enough. The indifference in mindset directly results in the sluggishness of psychological research work in school. As a result, psychological demands from some poor students or studentsgrowing up in a special family environment might be overlooked, which objectively causes confusion of college students’ values that are characterized by diversified and strong emotions. Non-cognitive harmony might show up in their minds. What is worse, some students might even go to extremes and close themselves, deny themselves and even doubt about life. These factors bring on the fact that management of mental health in universities is relatively poor. Under this kind of environmen t, some students’ mental situation develops in an unhealthy way. In the wake of a long term of mental oppression, some students with psychological problems would erupt like a volcano, ending up with some criminal behaviors. Even some trivial thing would be the combustible fuse that triggers some extreme actions, even crimes. The case of Ma Jiajue is a typical one that elaborates on the whole process of hatching crimes due to mental oppression on campus. benefit-oriented on campus.2.3 Causes Occurred in FamilyFamily is the cradle in which college students grow up not only physically but also mentally. Families are to society what cells are to human bodies. They complete a society. From birth to adolescence, people spend most of their childhood with parents in family. And this phase is the key moment when they are moving toward socialization. Parents definitely play indispensable roles in helping kids become mature. Therefore,relationships within families are greatly and profoundly influential to crimes committed by college students. It has been shown by a large amount of research materials on juvenile delinquency that crimes committed by college students who commit crimes are most directly linked to their family backgrounds and environments.①2.3.1 Improper Family EducationThe improperness that lies in family education provides college students who commit crimes with prerequisites. Rooted in family education in China, the improperness is fairly critical. There are many different improper education modes. Some spoil children, offering whatever they need. Some treat children in violent ways. And some carry on laissez faire, letting children work on their own business. Among all these modes, the spoiling one is the most popular in college students’ familie s. Due to the family planning policy, most college students nowadays are the only child at home. They have been considered as the apple of eye since they came to the world. All the hopes and love are given to them. In this case, too much hopes and love turn into intangible burdens to parents, as well as to children. So some extreme education modes are not beyond understanding. And it is these kinds of extreme education modes that make it difficult for children to become socialized in a normal way. They may form some bad habits and personalities that are supposed to be the internal causes of committing crimes. They areprinces or princesses at home and can do whatever they want at will. But when they set feet in universities or society, that kind of privilege is gone all of a sudden. The huge difference they are confronted with may probably put them at a loss and lead them to mental collapse and even some extreme actions. In the meantime, the improperness lying in family education is embodied by the contents of education. Under the pressure of National College Entrance Exams, parents are inclined to focus on their children’s marks rather than whether they are forming good habits, whether they are completing their personalities or whether they are growing up mentally. When parents center on results rather than processes, children have no option but to follow the path that parents have set for them.2.3.2 Incompleteness of Family StructureThe divorce rate is constantly mounting up year by year. As a result, an increasing number of students are brought up by single parent. According to statistics, the crime rate of students growing up in single-parent families is much higher than those who grow up with a complete family environment. The incompleteness of family structure weakens the educational function of family, even takes away that function. The single parents may probably, to one extreme, overindulge their children in the view of compensating them for the incomplete family, or, to the other extreme, come up with indifference andestrangement with children due to working and living pressures. Growing up in this kind of environment, children are prone to feel lonely psychologically and become dissocial and eccentric. Once beaten by some setbacks, they might feel totally frustrated. They cannot have access to some appropriate vent to let pressures and emotions out. In the end, they would possibly choose the extreme ways. Since they are in single-parent family and they lack love from mother or father, these children would be biased or isolated by their peers at school and people in their neighborhoods. Therefore, they would possibly form personalities that are characteristic of strong self-esteem, weak endurance, intensive emulation, jealous, and narrow mind. ①At the bottom of their hearts, they are eager to savor parents’ love and enjoy family life as children in normal families, but they pretend to be unavailable and indifferent. They are over mature and they scare being made joke of by classmates. They are ready to revenge whenever their benefit is damaged.2.4.Personal德国精神病学家恩斯特·克雷奇默在其《体型与性格》中说:瘦长型体型的人较多实施盗窃和欺诈，健壮型体型的人较多实施侵犯他人人身的犯罪及性犯罪，肥胖型体型的人，容易实施诈骗，发育异常型体型的人，容易实施性罪。