2020江苏专版高考英语二轮复习讲义：专题4 任务型阅读 第一节
1.考纲要求任务型阅读是江苏自2008年开始将阅读理解与语言表达有机地结合在一起的新题型。
要求考生首先阅读一篇300～600词左右的文章，然后根据文章提供的信息，用恰当的词语完成与文章相关的图表，并限填一个最恰当的词。
考查的形式有两种：表格式和树状式。
2.命题规律任务型阅读就是对文中的有效信息进行筛选、整合和综合概括，然后准确、有序地完成表格的空缺(根据说明，一空只填一词)。
主要要求考生对原文充分理解和归纳，对原文进行不同层次的信息转换和提炼。
今后任务型阅读还会继续考查考生单词拼写的能力、解剖文章的脉络和理解文章结构或框架的能力、科学表达信息的能力、灵活运用语言的能力及归纳总结的能力。
3.解题步骤(1)考生应快速浏览全文，尤其是每段的第一句话，即Topic sentence 和首尾段落，理清文章的写作思路和基本结构，以便加深对文章内容的了解。
(2)扫读表格，分析表格结构，理清其显示的层次关系，准确定位其考查要求。
要特别注意表格前的小标题，它通常就是段落和表格的主题句。
(3)深入理解文章内容，精读与空格中要填的信息相关的文段，寻找确定答案的关键词语，或者从文章中进行概括，同时仔细斟酌用词，确保填的是最恰当的词的恰当形式。
4.解题技巧(1)文章中标题和小标题的作用：标题的作用是突出文章的主题或主线；小标题提示了段落主题，是文章的行文脉络。
读懂各种标题有助于把握文章大意和表格结构。
(2)图文结合的作用：在前面已经提到了图表结构和文章脉络的关系，在做题时可以通过图表中给出的文章结构，定位各题在文中出现的大概段落，再根据所在句子中的关键词定位答案所在位置，这样可以保证做题的速度和准确度。
(3)联系所要求的答案与文中词汇的关系：最后所填的正确答案必须符合表格中所在句子的语法需要，一般在文章中知道答案或答案提示后，要核实表格中所填入单词的具体语法需要，如人称、主谓一致、时态与语态、词性、非谓语动词、固定搭配等，同时还可以对比表格中上下结构的对应关系、所给句子中的平行关系来确定最终的答案形式。
(4)掌握一些常见的概括性词汇的正确拼写，考试说明中词汇的词性变化和一些常见词组或者句型转换形式。
(5)多训练，平时训练要由浅入深，提高训练的针对性。
因为高考的任务型阅读有较大的难度，所以平时要多做各市模拟题。
做过之后，要多总结反思。
同时，多做一些句意转换方面的题，提高自己的信息转换能力。
温馨提示在解答转换词汇题和概括词汇题时要注意以下几点：1.字母大小写。
2.名词的数和所有格。
3.动词的形式。
4.形容词、副词的比较级、最高级。
5.动词或名词与介词的习惯搭配。
6.时态、语态、主谓一致、第三人称等。
7.格式一致。
表格内容的同一级要用相同的形式。
第一节原文词汇类(2019·江苏)The Cost of ThinkingDespite their many differences，all human beings share several defining characteristics，such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.The first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals.It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains.Mammals(哺乳动物) weighing sixty kilograms have an average brain size of 200 cm3. Modern man has a brain averaging 1200－1400 cm3.We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power，more must be better.Unfortunately，that is not the case.The fact is that a huge brain is a huge drain—consumption of energy—on the body.It’s not easy to carry around，especially when boxed inside a massive skull(颅骨).It’s even harder to provide energy.In modern man，the brain accounts for about 2－3% of total body weight，but it consumes 25% of the body’s energy when the body is at rest.By comparison，the brains of apes(类人猿) require only 8% of rest-time energy.Early humans paid for their large brains in two ways.Firstly，they spent more time in search of food.Secondly，their muscles grew smaller and weaker.It’s hardly an obvious conclusion that this is a good way to survive.A chimpanzee(黑猩猩) can’t win an argument with a modern man，but it can tear the man apart like a rag doll.Another unique human characteristic is that they walk upright.Standing up，it’s easier to find food or enemies.In addition，their arms that are unnecessary for moving around are freed for other purposes，like throwing stones or signaling.As a result，humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands.Yet walking upright has its disadvantage.The bone structure of their ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and had a relatively small head.Adjusting to an upright position was quite a challenge，especially when the bones had to support an extra-large skull.Humankind paid for its broad vision and skillful hands with backaches and painful necks.We assume that a large brain makes huge advantages.It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful animal on earth.But humans enjoyed all of these advantages for a full 2 million years during which they remained weak and marginal creatures.Thus humans who lived a million years ago，despite their big brains and sharp stone tools，lived in constant fear of meat-eating animals.The Cost of Thinking考场思维模式第一步：读表格，填出较简单的概括词汇题文章标题是“The Cost of Thinking”，主要叙述人用大脑思考的代价。
人类与动物相比有两大特点：超大的脑容量和直立行走。
超大的脑容量使人类拥有更高的智商，但却要消耗巨大的能量。
直立行走让人类更容易寻找食物和发现敌人，解放了的双手被用来做更复杂的事，但它却让人类遭受腰疼和颈部疼痛等。
人类成为地球上最强大的动物，享受无与伦比的优势，却对食肉动物怀有恐惧。
试着先填概括性试题：72 disadvantages和74 impact(s)，从而为填好所有空打下基础。
第二步：定位、定词、定性、定形任务型阅读表格高度概括了原文信息，为了节约时间并且提高解题的针对性，先读表格内容，然后在原文中进行定位。
定位后进行定词，定词后要定性(如名词、动词、形容词、副词等)，最后定形(如单复数、非谓语形式、大小写等)。
1.原文词汇类71.答案characteristics解析根据第一段中的“all human beings share several defining characteristics，such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs”可知，本题答案为characteristics。
73.答案energy解析根据第三段中的“the brain accounts for...the brains of apes(类人猿) require only 8% of rest-time energy”可知，和人类相比，类人猿的大脑休息时需要较少的能量，故本题答案为energy。
76.答案other解析根据第四段中的“are freed for other purposes，like throwing stones or signaling”可知，解放的双手可以有一些其他的用途。
2020 江苏高考英语 任务型阅读 全文翻译赏析
2020 江苏高考英语任务型阅读重难点赏析HumorIf you see humor as an optional form of entertainment, you’re missing some of its biggest benefits: Humor makes average-looking people look cute and uninteresting people seem entertaining. Studies show that a good sense of humor even makes you seem smarter.Best of all, humor raises your energy, and that can have an effect on everything you do at school, at work, or in your personal life. The increase of energy will even make you more willing to exercise, and that will raise your overall energy even more.Humor also transports your mind away from your daily troubles. Humor lets you better understand life and sometimes helps you laugh at even the worst of your problems.In my experience, most people think they have a sense of humor, and to some degree that’s true. But not all senses of humor are created equa l. So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.You don’t have to be the joke teller in the group in order to show your sense of humor. You can be the one who directs the conversation to fun topics that are ripe for others to add humor. Every party needs a straight person. You’ll appear fun and funny by association.When it comes to in-person humor, effort counts a lot. When people see you trying to be funny, it frees them to try it themselves. So even if your own efforts at humor fall short, you might be freeing the long kept humor in others. People need permission to be funny in social settings because there’s always a risk that comes with humor. For in-person humor, quality isn’t as important as you might think. Your attitude and effort count a lot.Some people--and I was one of them--believe that humorous complaints about the little problems of life make humor, and sometimes that is the case. The problem comes when you start doing too much complaint-based humor. One funny observation about problem in your life can be funny, but five is just complaining, no matter how smart you think you are. Funny complaints can wear people out.Self-deprecating(自嘲式) humor is usually the safest type, but here again you don’t want to overshoot the target. One self-deprecating comment is a generous and even confident form of humor. You have to be at least a bit self-assured to laugh at yourself in front of others. But if you do it toooften, you can transform in the eyes of others from a confident joker to a Chihuahua dog.HumorIf you see humor as an optional form of entertainment, you’re missing some of its biggest benefits:如果你将幽默视为娱乐的一种备选项，你就错过了幽默的一些最大好处。
2020高考英语新素养大二轮专题突破江苏版 讲义 专题一 第四节
解析 根据后文的it depends可知，我并不确定要不要出国深造，所以这里表 示的是一种可能，委婉的语气。should应该；must必须，语气强烈；shall应 该，均不符合题意；might有可能，表示不确定，符合题意。句意为：——你 决定毕业后从事教学工作吗？——相反，我有可能出国深造，但看情况吧。
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4.There is a good social life in the village，and I wish I
become more involved.(2018·江苏，27)
√A.had
B.will have
C.would have had
D.have had
a second chance to
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诊断报告
考向 情态动词 虚拟语气
对应题号 3，5，7 1，2，4，6，8
我的薄弱环节
解题方法 方法1 意义判断法 所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每 个情态动词的意义和用法是做题的前提。 方法2 句型判断法 有些情态动词需要用在特定的句型中，如may表示推测时，往往用在肯定或 否定句中；must表示推测时只能用于肯定句中。运用此法就是通过分析所给 句子的句型特点，选用具有特定句型特点的情态动词。
2.The traffic light is red，so I stop my car.
A.must
√B.have to
C.can
D.mustn’t
解析 must表示说话人的主观愿望，而have to多表示客观需要。句意为：红 灯亮了，所以我不得不把车停下来。从下面的对话中更能体现这一区别：— You must call them every week.—Yes，I have to.
2020高考英语 考前30天之备战 专题四 任务型阅读 第一
专题四任务型阅读
第一节任务型阅读解题方法突破
【应试指导】
【考情分析】江苏省英语高考试题自2008年启用任务型阅读题型。
本题型在测试考生阅读理解能力的基础上，侧重考查考生的单词拼写、词性转换、句式转换、段落归纳等综合能力。
在2020年高考说明示例二后特别增加了“补全填空应符合语法和搭配要求”。
这一变化突出了对考生掌握文章大意和分析文章结构框架的能力要求。
高考任务型阅读近三年文章体裁以议论文和说明文为主。
词数在400~550之间。
近3年内江苏高考任务型阅读材料类型一览表
任务型阅读首先是一篇阅读理解。
为了确保对文章准确深刻理解，同时提高解题速度，最终能顺利完成该项任务，考生必须做到：
1. 注重平时词汇记忆，熟练掌握考纲词汇中常用词汇的词性转化。
2. 了解文章的结构，把握全篇的文，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。
3. 加强限时阅读训练，尤其是词数在400~550之间的较长篇幅的阅读训练。
4. 系统训练，循序渐进，最终达到相应的解题能力要求。
2020江苏专版高考英语二轮复习讲义：专题3 阅读理解 第一节 二
二、间接信息题(2019·江苏，A)，you can choose，the high wire forest adventure courseBuxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and youopera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man Gallery.There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become involvedChildren love the small train and playgrounds in the Pavilion Gardens and theremore to explore at the Buxton Museum.There’s a new indoor play centreand others during school holiday periods.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。
文章介绍了英国巴克斯顿(Buxton)具有特色的旅游资源。
56.If you want to take an underground journey，which place is the best choice?A.Poole’s Cavern.B.Pavilion Gardens.C.Buxton Museum.D.Green Man Gallery.答案 A解析细节理解题。
根据High energy部分中的“journey beneath the earth at Poole’s Cavern”可知选A。
57.Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers .A.rides in small trainsB.courses in modern artsC.artistic and cultural activitiesD.basic courses in horse riding答案 C解析细节理解题。
江苏省淮安中学II部2020高三英语第二轮专题复习--任务型阅读
淮安中学II部高三英语第二轮专题复习第一课时任务型阅读指导一、题型考查特点任务型阅读考查的是学生用英语做事、解决实际问题的能力，是典型的语言应用测试。
它要比一般阅读题难度要大些，要求考生在阅读完一段材料后，能比较清楚地把握整篇文章的结构，较好地分析作者的观点和意图，并进行准确的表达。
考生要能够获得直接信息，分析、总结信息，并转换信息，这有利于考查学生把握文章的篇章结构、综合处理信息的能力。
二、高考与考试说明1、2020年是江苏第一次考查任务型阅读，文章较明显体现了一些牛津英语教材中的一些单词。
因为是新题型，出题形式已为广大老师所预估到，有七个单词在原文中可以直接找到，两个稍微变换一下词性，只有第78题case是归纳出来的，所以整体难度不大，考生大多能得8分左右。
2、2020年任务型阅读题的难度有所增加。
文章的主题是交际原则，要点包括：交际始于自我，交际无所不在，交际一旦发生则不可逆转。
该文理论性较强，涉及“交际”和“自我”等抽象概念的理解，文章与题目总词数为711个单词，所设置的10空中有6空可从原文找到或由原文单词进行词形转换即可。
而有4空需从文章整体考虑作出推断和概括才能填空。
试题主要考查关键名词和动词及其词形变化。
3、我们研读《2020年考试说明》中关于“任务型阅读”的要求后，发现题型比去年更明确，题目要求有所提高。
把2020年“根据文中提供的信息用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表”改为“根据所读，用恰当的词语补全全文提纲，概括关键内容或作要词词语转换”。
任务型阅读提供了两种示例——表格式和树状式。
题例中要求考生根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意每空一词。
其中在第二示例中特别强调“补全填空应符合语法和搭配要求”。
这些变化要求考生能够顺利读懂文章，并能够掌握文章大意和分析文章结构框架。
同时也要求考生拥有扎实的语法和词汇知识，做到自如应用。
三、解题方法和步骤考生在完成任务型阅读时，要遵循以下步骤。
2020牛津译林版(江苏专版)高考英语二轮复习：3阅读理解第一节细节理解题二间接信息题课件
Tenochtitlan Tenochtitlan was the capital city of the Aztec Empire.It was built on an island surrounded by Lake Texcoco deep inside the jungles of Central America. By the time the Spanish conquerors were aware of its existence ， the population was around 200,000.This was a city very different from what the Europeans were used to.Founded in 1325 AD，the Aztec’s capital was joined to the mainland by three causeways(堤道).It was laid out in straight street grids and had enormous pyramids at its center，which were surrounded by the skulls of the dead and ceremonial sculptures. 语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了历史上，曾经统治着它们周围 世界的一些城市。
语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了英国巴克斯顿(Buxton)具有特色的 旅游资源。
56.If you want to take an underground journey，which place is the besrn.
B.Pavilion Gardens. C.Buxton Museum. D.Green Man Gallery.
江苏专用高考英语二轮培优复习专题四任务型阅读第一讲信息查找题课件
[ 典例 ]
(2016· 江苏高考 )Other people can help us compensate for our mental and
emotional deficiencies( 欠缺 ) ， much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical
wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency.
分析 第一步：根据题干中的 “can help make up for our mental and emotional
deficiencies”可以确定命题区间为第一段。
第二步：根据第一段的内容，特别是“Such systems do not need to operate face-toface，and it’s clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.”可以确定“互联网正在扩大我自己的社会修复系统的范围 ”， 就像假肢能弥补身体的缺陷一样。 第三步：确定答案为Internet。
deficiency.To be exact，other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions.When another person helps us in such ways，he or she is participating in what I’ve called a “social prosthetic (义肢的) system.” Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face，and it’s clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own
江苏专版高考英语二轮复习与策略第1部分专题4任务型阅读三类考查形式的解题技巧讲练
专题四任务型阅读三类考查形式的解题技巧考查形式1 原文词汇1.命题特点：此类题考查学生捕捉文中信息的能力。
常占总题量的50%- 60%难度不大，关键是信息的定位与筛选。
2•解题技巧（1）有些原文词汇难度不大，学生只需要结合题目所在句子在原文中找到句意相同的句子即可。
此时题目所在的句子和原文句子同样比较简短。
[典例1] （2016 -江苏高考）lt provides a dozen definitions of a key term for usto find the 75. ___________ of the matter.【解析】本题对应第三段中的which helps me dig into the core and un dersta ndits meaning ，指找出问题的"核心/关键”，故填heart/core 。
[典例2] （2015 •江苏高考）Serious readers will both get excited over whathappe ns in some n ews stories and 79. ______ themselves to the reality.【解析】本题对应倒数第二段中的he pulls himself in to the world of surrou ndingreality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work ，且空前的and 连接两个并列成分，前后形式应一致，因此这里用动词原形adapt o（2）有少数原文词汇题比较复杂，常表现在题目所在句简短而原文所在句很长，或原文和题目所在句均很长。
在这两种情况下，由于题目所在句是对原文所在句进行了句型转换，意思一样，但原文词汇显得更加隐蔽，基础差的同学往往发现不了。
此时，学生要认真比对信息，通过筛选和甄别，最终锁定原文词汇。
江苏省高三英语高考考前辅导：第四部分任务型阅读word版
第四部分任务型阅读任务型阅读要求考生根据阅读文章提供的信息用恰当的词语完成与短文相关的图表。
主要考察考生捕捉获取信息的能力（信息查找题）、组织信息的能力（信息转换题）和综合概括信息的能力（信息归纳题）。
这就要求考生不仅要熟记考纲中常用词汇更要懂得词性之间的转换。
注意：1.书写清晰，卷面整洁；2. 注意大小写，尤其首字母是c, k, o, w, p, s时，大写字母要比小写字母大一倍；3. 拼写与词形检查：如字母r写得像v, a不闭口写得像u；4. 语法检查，尤其是动词的形式：-ing，-ed，原形，单复数，双写等；5. 看清题号，不可错位。
一、解题步骤：1. 先表后文，预测文意略读--快速浏览抓住文章中心大意以及文章的结构(借助所给图表结构）。
2. 寻找出处，对号入座3. 整合信息，分析归纳4. 判断用词，准确表达细读--带着问题，找到文章对应点，确认题型，分析整理归纳信息并且准确表达信息。
5. 通观全文，复读检查复读—复读文章，反复揣摩所填之词是否符合文章内容，其拼写、形式是否正确。
* 鼓励学生在文章的内容中划出该题在文章中的信息来源，为学生最后的检查提供线索。
同时提醒学生在填写单词的过程中一定要细心，并且一定要分析找到的单词在题目中所充当的成分从而进行准确的形式变化。
二、解题技巧：1.信息查找题解题关键是根据问题查找定位信息。
常用方法是带着问题有意识地在关键处做标记。
如：○15W and 1H: who, what, when, where, why, how○2时间先后: first, then, after that, next, finally…○3因果: because, in that, thus, therefore, lead to, cause, as a result…○4比较: similarly, differently, in contrast, compared with…○5转折: but, while, despite, however, instead, rather, though, on the contrary2.信息转换题解题关键:是根据问题查找定位信息，分析整合并转换成另一种表达方式。
2020版江苏省高考英语大二轮复习语法基础专题四专题强化训练
任务型阅读(一)[学生用书P151(单独成册)](建议用时：25分钟)A(2019·江苏四星级学校联考)When you listen to artists like Jay-Z, or Common, just the thought of freestyle rap might be frightening enough to make your shy away. Scientific research shows that rap might offer you an opportunity for self-exploration and expression. Besides, freestyle rap might improve your brain’s creative power, too, and when it does, it can free you from boredom and relax you from everyday tasks. Here’s how.In a study, brain researcher Siyuan Liu and his colleagues compared freestyle rap and rehearsed rap of native English speakers to see how their brains operated under both conditions. When you perform a rehearsed act, the lateral prefrontal cortex(PFC)(额叶前皮层), which is instrumental in thought control and recall, is activated. But they found that for more spontaneous(自发的) singing, the lateral PFC is not activated because you rely more on strong emotions to find the right language without the distraction of prepared melodies. When trying to complete a task, your focused brain is essential. But for creativity, your brain must go into regrouping mode to avoid habits and form new ideas. Freestyle rap will train you to access this capacity in your brain.During this rap study, left-sided brain regions which are responsible for language and movement were also activated. These regions are usually activated by the act of speaking, so there was no surprise that rapping had the same effect. However, freestyle rap causes these regions to be activated above normal, which indicates that something special occurs. Freestyle rap requires youto find novel words and phrases that rhyme. This search for unique language patterns is a way to train your brain to become more creative. However, words are not all the same. By making freestyle rap part of your everyday routine, you will add emotional weight to your words, allowingyou to communicate in a more effective and accurate way.The rehearsed and freestyle rappers in the study had no difference in movement. They produced the same number of syllables, and the primary movement areas in the brain were similarin both groups. However, there was greater involvement of secondary movement areas in freestylerap. When secondary movement areas engage, the movement is more enriched. This is similar to the way an inspired figure skater moves as opposed to that of a well-rehearsed skater who goes on technically but without the same beautiful sense of timing. Secondary movement in rap reflects the demand for rap speed, the rushed need to find the best words, and the way such words fit witha rhythm. Consequently, when you want to express yourself at greater speed to catch someone’s attention or create a bigger impact in a meeting or something like that, your essay in freestyle rap can be of great help to you.To understand the connections between the different brain regions, the researchers of the study expanded to further analyses. The results indicated that freestyle rap requires the brain to access special regions involved with emotion and motivation. This makes sense when you think about the emotional intensity(强度) behind Jay-Z’s rap tracks that require him to process information and storylines. In this way, freestyle rap reminds you to invest in what you truly care about. Rather than functioning like a robot in your day-to-day life, you can put your unique spin on things.Benefits of freestyle rap ★It might enable you to explore and express yourself.★It may empower your brain with creativity.★It can help you 1.________ yourself of boredom and daily tasks.Four waysfreestyle rap 2．______ a betteryou You learn tolet go★Unlike rehearsed rap, performing freestyle rap 3.________ toactivate the lateral PFC.★When completing freestyle rap, you turn to your emotionsand your brain becomes more focused.★Freestyle rap trains your brain to be creative—no longerunder the 4.________ of your habits and forming new ideas. You gain5．_____to powerfulwords★Freestyle rap can also activate your brain regions 6.________for language and movement.★With freestyle rap, you need to search for novel words andphrases in rhyme.★Freestyle rap helps give emotional weight to your words,allowing you to communicate effectively and accurately.续表\You become afascinatingspeaker★Besides the primary movement areas’7.________ in both rapper groups,secondary movement areas are more activated in freestyle rap.★Secondary movement in rap signals the need for speed, word selectionand ways to make words arranged in rhyme.★Your attempt at freestyle rap can 8.________ you in attracting others onoccasions like a meeting.You findemotionalrichness andmotivation★Freestyle rap requires the brain to access special regions concerningemotion and motivation.★Freestyle rap makes 9.________ on rappers to process information andstorylines.★Freestyle rap reminds you to devote yourself to what really 10.________you.答案：1.rid 2.unlocks/makes 3.fails 4.control5．access 6.responsible7.involvement8.benefit9．demands10.interestsB(2019·江苏四校高三下学期调研)Generally speaking, people often quickly return to a setlevel of happiness despite life’s ups and downs. For instance, people who win the lottery(彩票抽奖) tend to return to roughly their original level of happiness after the novelty of the win has worn off. The same is true for those who are in major accidents and lose the use of their legs. The change in the ability can be damaging at first, but people generally return to their pre-accident levels of happiness after the habituation period. This phenomenon is called hedonic adaptation(享乐适应)．There are activities that are more or less affected by hedonic adaptation. Some of these activities are known as pleasures. They can lift your mood and leave you feeling great, but their effects can be relatively temporary. What’s more, we get used to them relatively quickly. If youhave the same meal every day for a week, for example, you may find it to be less pleasurable bythe end of the week. Satisfactions are also such activities affected by hedonic adaptation. They can get us into a feeling of “flow”where we don’t notice the passage of time and are thoroughly devoted to what we’re doing. Satisfactions are activities that require more effort and thought, but the payoff is higher as well. The more we devote, the more we enjoy!Knowing that pleasures are temporary in their effects may make them seem less worth the effort than satisfactions. There are reasons why they can be perfect for certain situations, however. First, they bring a quick lift in the mood without a great deal of effort. This is actually quite valuable because there is significant research that shows that a lift in the mood can lead to a chain reaction of positive feelings. Second, satisfactions do take more effort, so when you only have afew minutes or a very limited amount of energy, pleasures are often the simpler and more accessible option.Thankfully, we can do something to move away from the limiting effects of hedonic adaptation and participate in activities that can create a greater level of happiness in life. For example, be sure to make time for hobbies! It doesn’t really matter what the hobby is; as long as it’s one you enjoy, you’ll benefit from it, and these benefits will extend into the rest of your life. It’s also a good idea to help other people as this can make your life more meaningful, and thus create greater happiness. Enjoying your positive experiences is also a great way to maximize the positive in your life. So at the end of the day, a few days a week, write about three things you enjoyed that day. Then you’ll be reliving these positive experiences as you write about them, and can relive them again when you read.Hedonic AdaptationThe 1.______ of hedonicadaptation Hedonic adaptation is a phenomenon where people 2.________ to quickly return to a relatively stable level of happiness in spite of major positive or negative events or life changes.Activities influenced by hedonic adaptation ★Pleasures·They are helpful in keeping our spirits up and making us feel cheerful, but such positive effects go 3.________．·The longer they stay, the less happy people may feel. That is,people’s 4.________ to them occurs after a very short period of time.★Satisfactions·Compared with pleasures, they take us more effort but can bring more lasting results. In other words, they are less affected by hedonic adaptation.·The enjoyment people get from satisfactions is in direct5.________ to the effort and thought they devote.6.________ of pleasuresoversatisfactions ★Pleasures can lighten our mood quickly and are 7.________ to achieve.★Pleasures are a better choice when our time or energy is limited.8.________ on reducing theeffects of hedonicadaptation ★Take up hobbies, whatever they are, which 9.________ to you, and enjoy the benefits from them.★Help others and it can make you live in a happier and more 10.________ way.★Enjoy your positive experiences by regularly recording them and relive them in the course of your writing and reading.答案：1.definition 2.tend 3.quickly 4.adaptation5．proportion/relation 6.Advantages7.easy8．Tips/Suggestions/Advice9.appeal10．meaningful任务型阅读(二)[学生用书P153(单独成册)](建议用时：30分钟)A(2019·江苏七市调研)As the concept of emotional intelligence(EI) has gone global, we’ve watched professionals fail as they try to improve their emotional intelligence because they either don’t know where to focus their efforts or they haven’t understood how to improve these skills on a practical level. In our work consulting with companies and coaching leaders, we have found thatif you’re looking to develop particular EI strengths, it helps to consider areas for improvementothers have identified along with the goals you want to achieve—and then to actively build habits in those areas rather than simply relying on understanding them conceptually.The first step is to get a sense of how your self-perception (how you see yourself) differs from your reputation (how others see you)．This is especially true for the development of emotional intelligence because we can be blindto how we express and read the emotional components of our interactions. For example, most ofus think that we’re good listeners, but very often that’s really not the case. Without this external reality check, it will be difficult for you to identify the ways that your actions affect your performance. Getting feedback from others can also provide proof of the necessity of shifting our behavior and motivation to do so.To give you the best sense of where the differences lie between your self-perception and reputation, you should use a 360-degree feedback assessment that takes the multiple facets of EI into account. The key is to find one that guarantees confidentiality to those giving you feedbackand that is focused on development and not on performance assessment.Secondly, when you get your feedback from an assessment, let that inform what you want to improve. But also consider what your goals are. When it comes to cultivating strengths in emotional intelligence, you’re at a huge disadvantage if you’re only interested because others said you should be. Your emotional intelligence is so tied up in your sense of self that being intrinsically(内在地) motivated to make the effort matters more when changing longstanding habits than it does when simply learning a skill.That means the areas that you choose to actively work on should lie at the intersection of the feedback you’ve gotten and the areas that are most important to your own aspirations(渴望). Understanding the impacts of your current EI habits relative to your goals will keep you going over the long haul as you do the work of strengthening your emotional intelligence.Once you’ve determined which EI skills you want to focus on, identify specific actions that you’ll take. If you’re working on becoming a better listener, for example, you might decide that when you’re conversing with someone you’ll take the time to pause, listen to what they have to say, and check that you understand before you reply. Keep it specific. You should also take every naturally occurring opportunity to practice the skill you’re developing, no matter how small.By starting to change your routine reactions, you’ll be well on your way to figuring out theold habits that aren’ｔserving you well and transforming them into new, improved ones that do. Passage outline Supporting detailsIntroductionThough globally acknowledged, EI still 1.________ professionals, for theyaren’t aware how to improve it.Approaches to strengthening EISpot the2.________between self-perception andreputation·With the external reality check, we are 3.________ ofunderstanding ourinteractions accurately.·We are 4.________ to change our behavior by gettingoutside feedback.·We are expected to 5.________ how self-perceptiondiffers from reputation in all aspects.Find out what6.________ to us·We should clearly 7.________ our goals and focus oureffort on improving ourselves instead of just learning askill.·8.________ the outside feedback with our goals cangive us support on the way to strengthening our EI. Identify whatchanges we willmakeBe 9.________ about the actions and take advantage ofevery possible opportunity to practice EI skills.续表Passage outline Supporting detailsSummary10.________ useless old habits and develop newones in areas for improvement.答案：1.confuses/puzzles 2.differences 3.capable4．motivated 5.assess 6.matters/counts7.recognize/know/bining 9.specific/clear/explicit10.Remove/Abandon/QuitB(2019·苏州高三调研)Are We More Narcissistic Than Ever Before?Like the flower, narcissism(自恋) has continued to flourish in modern civilization, which has become such a part of culture.But narcissism in psychology is more than a single question can capture, which really has three types of narcissism.Problems arise when people discuss narcissism without identifying the form.Grandiose(浮夸) narcissism is the outgoing, extraverted(外向) form.The narcissistic individual believes he or she is smarter, better-looking and more important than others.And, of course, he or she gets special treatment for this fact.In fact, some of them can be very charming, likable and enjoy people.On the opposite side, narcissistic relationships are often not very emotionally warm or caring.Vulnerable(脆弱) narcissism is the second flavor of narcissism.It is harder to see than grandiose narcissism.Vulnerable narcissists think they have the right to get special treatment and greatness but actually have low self-confidence and are not typically extraverted.Imagine someone living in his mum’s small room.He spends his evenings watching The X Factor believing he should be the next famous star singing act.Unfortunately, he hasn’t the confidence to do it and instead becomes a netizen, who posts offensive, controversial, or divisive materials on an Internet community.The third form of narcissism occurs when narcissism is extreme and causes clinically seriouslife—marriages fall apart, friends are lost, a career is over.When this occurs problems in a person’ｓnarcissism can be identified as a personality disorder—narcissistic personality disorder (also known as NPD), containing a mix of both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism.Can you change narcissism or NPD? There is no simple answer to this.For grandiose narcissism, what I often do is suggest practicing caring and compassion, doing what you are passionate about rather than what gets your attention and being responsible for your mistakes as well as successes.For vulnerable narcissism I would add to this list with practices that reduce depression and anxiety.Develop a sense of belonging or a friendship network; participate in physical exercise; or practice a form of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings.For NPD,there is no single, scientifically affirmed treatment of choice.But pay attention to the following.First, people with NPD are often reluctant to enter treatment because in their mind theydo not have a problem—everyone else does.Second, it is challenging for doctors to keep individuals with NPD in treatment.Narcissism is increasing and while social media hasn’t been proven to actually create narcissists, it does give them a new platform to gain attention and admiration.Still, I remain optimistic that people can change if they are motivated, have the right tools, and know what typeof narcissism they are dealing with.Are We More Narcissistic Than Ever Before？Current situations aboutnarcissism ·Narcissism has developed to become a part of culture. ·Narcissism is more 1.________ than expected in psychology.2.____________ of narcissismin divided types ·A narcissist is outgoing and socially confident, sometimes showing loveliness.·A narcissist considers himself to be such an unusual person as to be treated 3.____________．·A narcissist is often cold and likely to 4.____________ care in emotion towards others.·Vulnerable narcissism is more 5.____________ than grandiose narcissism.·A narcissist isn’t actually confident though in his opinion he 6.____________ special things.·Narcissism is quite extreme to cause serious problems in the clinic, affecting the personal life.The approaches to treating narcissism or NPD ·Be more considerate, do favorite things and take7.____________ for whatever they do.·Try to 8.____________ by making more friends, doing exercise and so on.·Help people with NPD to realize they have problems and not to 9.____________ treatment.The future trend·Narcissism is increasing perhaps because of social media.·Narcissism can be 10.____________ if handled actively inproper ways.答案：plicated/complex 2.Features/Characteristics3．specially ck 5.hidden/concealed 6.deserves7．responsibility8.relax9.refuse10.changed/changeable任务型阅读(三)[学生用书P155(单独成册)](建议用时：30分钟)A(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)Technologies are often viewed as transformative. For William Kochevar, the term is justified. Mr Kochevar is paralysed(使瘫痪) below the shoulders after a cycling accident, yet has managed to feed himself by his own hand. This remarkable action is partly thanks to poles implanted in his right arm. But the real magic lies higher up. Mr Kochevarcan control his arm using the power of thought. His intention to move is reflected in neural activity in his motor cortex(皮层); these signals are detected by implants in his brain and processed into commands to activate the electrodes in his arm.An ability to decode thought in this way may sound like science fiction. But brain-computer interfaces(接口), BCIs, like the BrainGate system used by Mr Kochevar provide evidence that mind control can work. Researchers are able to tell what words and images people have heard and seen from neural activity alone. Information can also be encoded and used to activate the brain.The pace of research into the BCI and the scale of its ambition are increasing, but skeptics dismiss it. Taking medical BCIs out of the lab into clinical practice has proved very difficult. The BrainGate system used by Mr Kochevar was developed more than ten years ago, but only a handful of people have tried it out. Turning implants into consumer products is even harder to imagine. The path to the mainstream is blocked by three major barriers—technological, scientific and commercial.Start with technology. Non-invasive(无创的) techniques struggle to pick up high-resolution brain signals through intervening layers of skin, bone and membrane. For the time being at least,the most ambitious applications require implants that can interact directly with nerve cells. And existing devices have lots of drawbacks. They involve wires that pass through the skull; they cause immune responses; they communicate with only a few hundred of the 85bn nerve cells in thehuman brain.Clear the technological barrier, and another one appears. The brain is still a foreign country. Scientists know little about how exactly it works, especially when it comes to complex functionslike memory formation. Research is more advanced in animals, but experiments on humans are hard.The third obstacle is the practical barriers to commercialization. It takes time, money and expert knowledge or skill to get medical devices approved officially. And consumer applicationswill take off only if they perform a function people find useful. Some of the applications of brain-computer interfaces are unnecessary—a good voice assistant is a simpler way to type without fingers than a brain implant, for example.All of these suggest that a route to the future imagined by the neurotechnology pioneers is tough, but within a few years, improved technologies may be opening up new channels of communication with the brain. Many of the first applications hold out the unambiguous promiseof movement and senses restored. But a host of concerns will arise. Privacy is an obvious one: the hiding place of an inner voice may disappear. Security is another: if a brain can be reached on the Internet, it can also be hacked. Inequality is a third one: access to superhuman abilities could be beyond all except a privileged few.The 1.________ of mindcontrol ·William Kochevar is physicallychallenged, but with the help of technology, he manages to control his arm movement by mind.·Researchers can decode information from neural activity, and in turn, the information 2.________ from neural activity can be encoded and used to stimulate the brain.The 3.________ for doubtsabout BCIs ·It is no easy job to put BCIs into clinical practice.·It is even harder to put implants on the 4.________.The barriers to BCIs’becoming the mainstream ·Technological barrier：The existing devices which are supposed to have direct interaction with neurons are far from 5.________．·Scientific barrier：There is a lack of 6.________ of the brain; experiments onhumans are harder and less advanced than those on animals.·Commercial barriers：?It takes a lot of effort to get the authorities to 7.________ agreeto the medical devices.?Being useful to people is a must for consumer applicationsbeing widely accepted.?Some applications are unnecessary, thus 8.________ BCIsfrom becoming commercially successful.续表The concerns about BCIs ·Privacy: With nowhere to hide your inner voice, you may 9.________ your privacy.·Security: With anyone able to reach your brain on the Internet, you may have your brain broken into.·Inequality: The technology may only be 10.________ to the advantaged.答案：1.possibility 2.received 3.reasons 4.market5．perfect 6.understanding/knowledge7.officially8．preventing/stopping/keeping9.lose10．available/accessibleBIf you followed the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, you may have noticed that several athletes, including U．S. swimmer Michael Phelps, had circular bruises(瘀伤) on their bodies. These bruises were the results of “cupping therapy(拔火罐疗法)”， a traditional Chinese medicinal practice that has been around for more than 2，000 years.Cupping therapy involves attaching circular cups to the skin using suction(吸力). The suction is created either by heating the cup inside or by using a hand－held pump. This suction pulls the skin upward into the cup. Sometimes it can leave dark red bruises, other times there is nomark at all.Many athletes say that they have benefited from the therapy. Phelps used the therapy in thefall of 2014 and has used it about twice a week since, reported ABC News. Another U．S. swimmer, Dana Vollmer, also believes that “It really helps with blood flow, and helps pull swelling(肿胀) out of different areas.”However, some have said that the supposed health effects result from people feeling that the treatment works, rather than any physical effect of the treatment.To figure out whether cupping therapy has any physical effects, last year researchers from Germany carried out a test in which a sham(假的) treatment was provided.In the study, the same type of cups was used in the real treatment and the sham treatment. Butcreate the proper in the sham treatment, the cups had a hole at the top so that they couldn’ｔsuction.The tested patients, who suffered from a disorder that causes a lot of pain, were told that they would receive either traditional cupping or “soft cupping”. But they were not informed that the sowas a sham treatment.－called “soft cupping”It turned out that most patients correctly guessed which kind of cupping they had received. In both groups, patients also experienced about the same reductions in pain. The results suggest the effects of cupping therapy might come from factors that are not necessarily part of the treatment itself, the researchers told the Live Science website.The question of whether cupping therapy works still needs to be answered. But because the treatment is relatively safe and it could be helpful for some people, “the therapy can be used as a part of a comprehensive treatment program involving other exercises, nutritional choices and lifestyle interventions(干预)”，Dr Brent Bauer, director of a U．S.’ medicine program, told Live Science.Title：Is Cupping Therapy Really Useful？Cupping therapy was 1.________ to Chinese medicinal Introductionpractice dating back to more than 2，000 years ago.The working principle of it People usually use suction—created either by heating the cupinside or by using a 2.________—to pull people’s skin upward into the cup which can be 3.________ to the skin.People’s4．________ attitudes to it ·Many athletes think it is 5.________，which not only can help with blood flow but also can relieve swelling.·Some think it’ｓpeople’ｓ6.________ effects that result in its health effects actually.A test conducted to proveits effects ·Researchers provided a 7.________ treatment (traditional cupping) and a sham treatment (soft cupping) for patients. ·Most patients could give the 8.________ guess of which kind of treatment they had received.·The result is that both treatments were 9.________，which proves that the benefit of cupping therapy might not totally depend on the treatment itself.ConclusionIt can be accepted as a part of comprehensive treatmentprograms due to its 10.________ and efficiency.答案：1.applied 2.pump 3.attached 4.different5．beneficial 6.mental/psychological7.real8.correct9.effective10.safety。