高考英语-名词与冠词-专题练习(一)(含答案与解析)

高考英语专题练习（一）名词与冠词1．But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ （attract）.2．The nursery team switches him every few ________ （day）with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed.3．Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ （achieve）.4．Recent ________ （study）show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. 5．Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the ________ （develop）of chopsticks.6．Any smell might attract natural ________ （enemy）that would try to eat the little panda.7．It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late ________ （pay ）may affect your credit.8．We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our _______ （different）unite, rather than divide us.9．The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, ________ other is with mum — she never suspects.10．Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.11．We most prefer to say yes to the ________ of someone we know and like.（attempts, requests, doubts, promises）12．I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilsons' because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village. 13．His English is ________ second to none. And he is going to learn ________ second language in ________ second grade.A．/; a; the B．the; the; a C．/; the; a D．a; the; the14．The smallest good habits can make a big ________.15．—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?—Well, you know, English is my ________. So it is my best choice.（strength, talent, ability, skill）16．In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed ______ very large stone.17．Like many popular restaurants in Paris, ________ （reserve）are hard to get at Dave, so I wasn't surprised to find a complete sign hanging over the red door.18．He pushed and pulled with all his ________ （strong）to move it.19．He asked ________ （permit）to introduce his friend, whose name was Mr. Wickham, and who had apparently arrived recently from London.20．Experts hope the whole society pay more attention to the mental health of ________ （adolescent）. 21．Girls are luckier than boys; they have more flexible ________ （choose）than boys.22．I have a strong ________ （believe）that one day Chinese students can buy these tickets, too.23．So I asked her why she sat there in ________ （silent）.24．About 20 percent of ________ （baby）feel nervous when they see strangers.25．There was never a time when I had not called him and he did not call me right back within a couple of _______（hour）.名词与冠词答案1．attraction2．days3．achievement4．studies5．developments6．enemies7．payments8．differences9．the10．a11．requests12．the a13．A14．different15．strength16．a17．reservations18．strength19．permission20．adolescents21．choices22．belief23．silence24．babies25．hours名词与冠词解析1．attraction句意:但是对于像我一样的游客来说, 大熊猫是最大的吸引. 形容词top“头等的;最重要的”后面跟名词形式. 2．days3．achievement句意:然后, 首先处理最重要的任务, 那么你会感到真正意义上的成就. 介词of后应用名词作宾语. 4．studies句意:最近的研究显示如果我们有规律地进行短暂的休息的话, 我们工作的效率会更高. study“研究”为可数名词, 本句的谓语动词为show, 说明主语应用名词复数studies.5．development句意:一些人认为大约生活于公元前551年到479年间的中国伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展. 根据空格前面的the可知, 所填词应用名词形式.6．enemies句意:任何气味都有可能吸引自然界中那些想要吃掉熊猫宝宝的敌人. 根据常识可知, 此处表示“吸引了自然界中的敌人”, 故填可数名词enemy的复数形式.7．payments句意:准时付电费很重要, 因为支付晚了会影响你的信用. 前面有形容词late修饰, 此处应用名词形式, payment可用作可数名词, 所以用复数形式.8．differences句意:当我们学会“求同存异”, 而不是“分崩离析”的时候, 我们就能获得很多. 物主代词our后面接名词, 这里是指“我们的差异”, 所以用复数形式.9．the10．a句意:你可以先出去一会儿, 通过锻炼或做些你喜欢的事情来让你的身体和大脑得到休息. for a while意为“一会儿”.易错起源1望词生义11．答案:requests解析:本题结合名词词义辨析考查语境选词. 句意:我们大都更愿意答应我们所了解和喜欢人的________. attempt尝试;request要求, 请求;doubt怀疑;promise保证, 允诺. 由语境可知, 只能是对别人的请求（requests）说yes, 即:答应对方的请求.同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合, 要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力. 平时要努力扩大词汇量, 做题时要深入理解语境, 整体把握, 结合句意作出最佳选择.名词词义辨析是高考的热点, 主要考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力, 因而在记忆单词时, 一定要结合语境体会其意义. 如近几年高考中常出现的:（1）expectation（期望）;reputation（声誉）;contribution（贡献）;civilization（文明）（2）accommodation（住宿）;occupation（职业）;adaptation（适应, 改编）;appreciation（欣赏）易错起源2误用冠词12．1．用于表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等之前.Knowledge begins with practice.知识从实践开始.Teachers should be respected.教师应该受到尊重.2．东、西方都有的节日名称前不用冠词, 如:New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等;但中国的节日一般用定冠词, 如:the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival等.3．月份、日期前一般不用冠词, 如:in October, on March 8等.4．三餐名词前不用冠词, 如:have breakfast/lunch/dinner等.但有定语修饰时需加不定冠词, 如:have a big breakfast, have a wonderful lunch等.5．表示体育运动的名词前不用冠词, 如:play football/cards/chess等;但乐器名词前需加定冠词, 如:play the violin/the piano等.6．用于作表语、补足语、同位语的唯一职位名词前.John is captain of the team.约翰是这个队的队长.They elected him president of the society.他们选他为协会会长.7．用于表示“变成”的turn后、作表语的单数名词前.He was a teacher before he turned writer.他成为作家之前是教师.8．用于让步状语从句倒装的单数可数名词前.Child as he is （＝Although he is a child）, he knows a lot.他虽然是个孩子, 但懂得很多.9．用于某些用介词by构成的表方式的短语中.by bus 乘公共汽车by plane/by air 乘飞机by land 走陆路by sea 走海路by phone 用电话by letter 用信件by post 用邮寄by hand 用手工10．用于某些独立主格结构中.The teacher came in, book in hand （＝with a book in his hand）.老师走了进来, 手里拿着书.冠词运用一定要注意语境.易错起源3序数词、比较级、最高级前误用定冠词13．A1．泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个.A teacher shouldn't talk like that.教师不应当那样讲话.2．用于序数词前表示“又一”“再一”. 用于形容词最高级前意为“很, 非常”.We'll have to do it a second time.我们得再做一次.He is a most wise man.他是一个十分明智的人.3．用于具体化了的抽象名词前.He was a success in business.他是事业成功人士.4．在专有名词前表示“某一个”“类似的一个”.A Mr. Smith wants to see you.一位史密斯先生想见你.5．用于of短语中表示“同一”（＝the same）.Tom and Kate are of an age.汤姆与凯特同岁.易错起源4名词固定搭配14．高考考查名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类:“动词＋名词”和“介词＋名词”. 如:have a good reputation, takeadvantage of和in great demand, in quantity.在处理此类题目时, 一要读懂句子的题干意义, 二要注意短语的构成和意义以及不同语境下的应用.易错起源5名词的一词多义与熟词新义15．答案:strength解析:考查名词词义辨析. 句意:“你为什么选择在国际旅行社工作?”“噢, 你知道, 英语是我的强项, 因此这是我的最佳选择. ”strength“强项;长处”;talent“天资;才能”;ability“能力;力量”;skill“技能;擅长”. 题中strength的常见词义为“力气”, 但此处表示“长处, 优势”.名词的一词多义与熟词新义是考查的重点和难点, 因此在复习过程中, 要注意学会在语境中掌握同义词的细微差别, 全面掌握词汇的多层含义. 如interest既要知道它有“兴趣, 趣味”的意思, 又要知道它的另一层意思:“利益;好处”.16．a句意:他在进城的主干道中间放了一块很大的石头. 在此stone作可数名词, 意为“一块石头”, 前面需要用不定冠词a.17．reservations句意:就像巴黎许多受欢迎的餐馆一样, 在Dave也很难预订, 因此当我看见红色的门上挂着客人已满的招牌时并不惊讶. 根据括号中的提示词及后面的谓语动词are可知, 主语为名词复数形式, 故填reservations. 18．strength19．permission句意:他请求允许介绍他的朋友, 他的朋友威克姆先生, 显然是最近从伦敦来的. 根据句子结构可知, 此处动词ask后面须用名词, 故填permission.20．adolescents句意:专家们希望全社会都来关心青少年的心理健康. 根据句意可知, 此处泛指“青少年”, 用复数表示泛指, 故填adolescents.21．choices句意:女孩比男孩要幸运些, 她们比男孩有更灵活的选择. 前面flexible是形容词, 后面须接名词;choice此处应为可数名词, 意味着多种选择, 故填choices.22．belief句意:我坚信有朝一日中国学生也会购买这些票. 空白处前面有a strong修饰, 说明空白处须填可数名词单数. 23．silence24．babies句意:约百分之二十的婴儿见到陌生人会感到紧张. baby是可数名词, 前面有百分数修饰, 故用复数形式. 25．hours句意:当我给他打电话, 如果他没接的话, 他都会在几小时内回电话. 可数名词hour前有a couple of修饰, 故用复数形式.。