计算机英语考试题库

计算机英语考试题库1. 选择题(1) Which of the following is NOT an example of a programming language?a) Pythonb) Javac) HTMLd) CSS(2) What does CPU stand for?a) Central Processing Unitb) Control Processing Unitc) Computer Programming Unitd) Central Programming Unit(3) Which of the following is NOT a type of malware?a) Virusb) Trojanc) Routerd) Worm(4) What does HTML stand for?a) Hyperlink Text Markup Languageb) Hyper Text Markup Languagec) High Text Markup Languaged) Hyperlink Text Manipulation Language(5) What is the purpose of a firewall?a) To block access to websitesb) To protect against malware attacksc) To increase internet speedd) To encrypt confidential data2. 填空题(1) The process of converting source code into machine code is called ___________.(2) TCP stands for ___________.(3) ___________ is a programming language commonly used for web development.(4) RAM stands for ___________.(5) A ___________ is a unique identifier for a network adapter.3. 简答题(1) What is the difference between hardware and software in a computer system?Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, such as the monitor, keyboard, and motherboard. Software, on the other hand, refers to the programs and data that are stored on the computer and control its operations. Hardware is tangible and can be seen and touched, while software is intangible and cannot be physically interacted with.(2) What is the purpose of an operating system?An operating system (OS) is a software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. Its purpose is to facilitate the execution of user programs and make it easier for users to interact with the computer. The OS handles tasks such as process management, memory management, file management, and device management.(3) Explain the concept of object-oriented programming.Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that organizes data and behaviors into objects, which are instances of classes. A class defines the structure and behavior of objects, and objects can interact with each other through methods and attributes. OOP promotes modular and reusable code, as well as encapsulation and abstraction of data. This approach allows for more efficient and easier development, maintenance, and modification of software systems.4. 问答题(1) What are the main programming paradigms?The main programming paradigms include:- Procedural programming: Focuses on procedures or routines that manipulate data.- Object-oriented programming: Focuses on organizing data and behaviors into objects.- Functional programming: Focuses on using mathematical functions and avoids changing state and mutable data.- Logical programming: Focuses on using logical rules and constraints to solve problems.- Imperative programming: Focuses on expressing computation steps explicitly and changing program state.- Event-driven programming: Focuses on handling events and responding to user actions or system events.- Parallel programming: Focuses on executing tasks concurrently to improve performance.(2) What are the differences between HTTP and HTTPS?HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) are both protocols used for communication over the internet. The main differences are:- Security: HTTP is not secure and data is transmitted as plain text, making it vulnerable to interception and manipulation. HTTPS encrypts data using SSL/TLS protocols, providing confidentiality and integrity.- Port: HTTP uses port 80 by default, while HTTPS uses port 443.- Certificate: HTTPS requires a digital certificate from a trusted Certificate Authority (CA) to establish a secure connection. HTTP does not require a certificate.- Speed: HTTPS may be slightly slower than HTTP due to the encryption and decryption processes.5. 名词解释(1) Firewall: A firewall is a network security device that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. It acts as a barrier between a trusted internal network and an untrusted external network, preventing unauthorized access and protecting against malware and other cyber threats.(2) Cache: In computing, a cache is a high-speed data storage layer that stores frequently accessed or recently used data. It serves as a temporary storage to improve data retrieval speed and reduce latency. Caches can be found at different levels in a computer system, such as CPU cache, web browser cache, and DNS cache.(3) Algorithm: An algorithm is a set of step-by-step instructions or rules used to solve a problem or perform a task. It provides a clear and unambiguous method for solving a problem, and it is an essential concept in computer science and programming. Algorithms can be represented using pseudocode, flowcharts, or programming languages.(4) Encryption: Encryption is the process of converting plain text or data into a coded form, known as ciphertext, using an encryption algorithm and a secret key. It ensures the confidentiality and integrity of data by making itunreadable to unauthorized users. Encryption is widely used in data transmission, online banking, and secure communication.(5) Database: A database is an organized collection of structured data stored and accessed electronically. It is designed to efficiently store, retrieve, and manage large volumes of data. Databases are used in various applications, such as e-commerce, customer relationship management (CRM), inventory management, and more.。