考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第1篇_毙考题
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第1篇-毙考题
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第1篇-毙考题2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第1篇In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,”George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme.Only if the jobless arrive at the job-center with a CV, register for online job search,and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit —and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly.What could be more reasonable? More apparent reasonableness followed.There will now be a seven-day wait for the job-seeker’s allowance.“Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on,” he claimed.“We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster.”Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better,complete with “reforms” to an obviouslyindulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness.What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the job centre with a song in your heart,delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state.It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get.You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life.Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared.Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborne land, your first instinct is to fall into dependency--permanent dependency if you can get itsupported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood.It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened.The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens.Even the very phrase “job-seeker’s allowance” is about redefining the unemployed as a “job-seeker” who had no fundamental right to a benefit,he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions.Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job;no entitlement and no insurance, at 71.70 pounds a week, one of the least generous in the EU.为了”让生活变得更好”，减少”依赖”，财政大臣乔治·奥斯本引进了”前期工作搜索”方案。
考研英语一真题及答案完整解析(1)
2012 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court ’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court ’s decisio_n4s_ w a s illim b e partial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they areso closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court ’s legitimacy by making them_1s9e_lvt e o sthe code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincingas law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a resultCome on –Everybody ’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and hal f forcing, is what most of us thinkof when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new bookJoin the Club , Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure,in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives andpossibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, astate-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa,an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising ，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness ofmany pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology . ” Dare to be different, please donpleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desirenothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take apage from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filledwith too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that makepeer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it ’s presen work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There ’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of researchshows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication.This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer theiractivities in virtuous directions. It e the teache’r w s ho lik breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing themwith better- behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that ’s the problem with a social cure eng from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[A] a supplement to the social cure[B] a stimulus to group dynamics[C] an obstacle to school progress[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should[A] recruit professional advertisers[B] learn from advertisers ’ experience[C] stay away from commercial advertisers[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author ’s view, Rosenberg ’s book fails to[A] adequately probe social and biological factors[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[C] illustrate the functions of state funding[D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[A] is harmful to our networks of friends[B] will mislead behavioral studies[C] occurs without our realizing it[D] can produce negative health habits25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is[A] harmful[B] desirable[C] profound[D] questionableA deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. T he company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality ofVermont ’ru s les in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. It ’s a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont ’s only nuclear aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permissionfrom state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of theplant ’s license be subject to Vermont legislature ’s approval. Then, too, the company went along.Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn ’t foresee wha next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of an undergroundpipe system leakage, raised serious quest ions about both Vermont Yankee ’ssafety and Entergy ’msanagement –especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy ’s Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and thatonly the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereasthe Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say thatVermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concernsabout the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, thatdebate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that ithas noting left to lose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission torun a nuclear plant is a poblic trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including PilgrimNuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federalpermission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)reviews the company ’s application, it should keep it mind what promises from Entergy are worth.26. The phrase “reneging on ”(Line 3.para.1) is closest inomeaning t[A] condemning.[B] reaffirming.[C] dishonoring.[D] securing.27. By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended to[A] obtain protection from Vermont regulators.[B] seek favor from the federal legislature.[C] acquire an extension of its business license .[D] get permission to purchase a power plant.28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its[A] managerial practices. [B] technical innovativeness.[C] financial goals. [D] business vision29. In the auth or ’s view, the Vermont case will test[A]Entergy ’s capacity to fulfill all its promises.[B]the mature of states ’ patchwork regulations.[C]the federal authority over nuclear issues .[D]the limits of states ’ power over nuclear issues.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]Entergy ’s business elsewhere might be affected.[B]the authority of the NRC will be defied.[C]Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.[D]Vermont ’s reputation might be damaged.In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected b yobjective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science,discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape thecontext of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think ourexperiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deceptionabound.Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, theyare full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. Thisis the credibility process, through which the individual researcher ’me s, here, now becomes the community ’as n yone, anywhere, anytime . Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims,the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; otherscientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives thenew discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual ’s discovery claim into the community ’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus onsome aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little rewardaccompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. N ot surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear tobe important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation byfuture researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologistAlbert Azent- Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking nobody has thought. ” But thinking what nobody else has tho au n g d h tt elling others what they havemissed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end, credibility “happens ”to a discova e rp yrc o l c a e im ss that corres–ponds to what philosopher AnnetteBaier has described as the commons of the mind . “Wereason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other ’s reasoning and each other ’s conceptions of reason. ”31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its[A] uncertainty and complexity.[B] misconception and deceptiveness.[C] logicality and objectivity.[D] systematicness and regularity.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires[A] strict inspection. [B]shared efforts.[C] individual wisdom. [D]persistent innovation.33.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it[A] has attracted the attention of the general public.[B]has been examined by the scientific community.[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.[D]has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.34. Albert Szent-Gy? rgyi would most likely agree t hat[A] scientific claims will survive challenges.[B]discoveries today inspire future research.[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified.[D]scientific work calls for a critical mind.35. W hich of the following would be the best title of the test?[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.[B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. WhenHoffa ’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only o ne in ten American government workers belongedto a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America ’s public sector pas fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public- sector unions ’ thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. Aquarter of A merica ’s pub-s l ie c ctor workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominateleft-of- centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain ’s Labor Party, a long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votesfrom public-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public PolicyInstitute of California points out that much of the state ’s budget is patrolled by unions. unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But thereal gains come in benefits and work prac tices. Politicians have repeatedly “bac-s ke lo c a to dr ed ” p pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that arealready generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that thequality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers ’ unions have fought bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor.But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvard ’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of theUnited States. Bankers ’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but -a se p c u tb ol r ic system thatdoes not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership.[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is[A] illegally secured. [B] indirectly augmented.[C] excessively increased. [D]fairly adjusted.39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions[A]often run against the current political system.[B]can change people ’s political attitudes.[C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.[D]are dominant in the government.40. John Donahue tt’i tud s e atowards the public-sector system is one of[A]disapproval.[B]appreciation.[C]tolerance.[D]indifference.Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higherthan a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand.Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour t ocreate a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush andgallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production,means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culturemachine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. (42)I call it a secretwar for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them inpassive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even awareof the significance of what they are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, t heanimal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools butthen turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - andsuperfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after theadvent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material,a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to justconsume. (44)Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn thepower off after he has turned it on.(45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations andexperiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it isto be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyonddownloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media increative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed toembed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - betweenpassive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin toimagine.[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by anotherin the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the w orld'smedia culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.[G] The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtfuldownloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.Part CSince the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise.In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton ’s laws of motion and Darwini evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46) In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything —a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47) Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48) T o filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language —acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49) The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.( 50) Chomsky ’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lireage-specific and not governed by universalsSection III WritingSome internationals students are coming to your university. Write them an email in the name of the Students ’Union to1) extend your welcome and2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming ”instead.Do not write the address(10 points)Part B52. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. （20 points ）1. 【答案】B【解析】从空后信息可以看出，这句表达的是“_ _法官表现得像政治家”的情况下，法庭就不能保持其作为法律法规的合法卫士的形象，所以应该选C,maintain “维持，保持”，其他显然语义不通。
考研英语一真题及答案(原题+答案+详解)
考研英语一真题及答案(原题+答案+详解)考研英语一真题及答案(原题+答案+详解)2019年的考研英语一真题是许多考生备考的焦点之一。
在这篇文章中，我们将为大家提供2019年考研英语一真题及答案的完整内容，并附上详细的解析。
篇章一：阅读理解阅读理解是英语一部分的重要组成部分。
它要求考生阅读并理解一篇文章，然后回答相应的问题。
下面是2019年考研英语一的一道阅读理解原题：Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The era of artificial intelligence(AI) is upon us. It refers to the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. There is a strong belief among experts that AI will play a crucial role in shaping our future. However, opinions on the potential impact of AI differ greatly.Some people argue that AI will lead to the loss of jobs, especially those that involve repetitive tasks. They claim that machines will replace human workers in industries like manufacturing and transportation, resulting in high unemployment rates. In contrast, others believe that AI will create more job opportunities. They argue that the development of AI will lead to theemergence of new industries and the need for skilled workers to design and maintain AI systems.In addition to concerns about employment, there are ethical issues surrounding AI. Questions have been raised about the potential misuse of AI-powered technologies. For example, facial recognition technology could be used by governments and corporations for surveillance purposes, raising concerns about privacy invasion.Despite the debates and concerns, AI is already making significant impact on various industries. For instance, in the field of healthcare, AI technologies are being used to analyze medical data and assist in diagnosis. In the education sector, AI-powered systems are helping teachers personalize learning materials for students. These examples demonstrate the potential of AI to improve our lives and transform industries.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?2. Why do some people believe that AI will lead to unemployment?3. What ethical issues are mentioned in the passage?4. How is AI currently used in healthcare?5. What does the author say about AI's potential?解析：1. What does the passage mainly discuss?本题要求考生确定文章主要讨论了什么。
考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版
考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版Part AText 1As a Canadian, I am ashamed of Canada’s commercial seal slaughter. Humane Society International’s campaign to end the commercial seal slaughter seeks to increase worldwide understanding of Canada’s annual seal hunt and create pressure that will result in government action to end the slaughter. The Canadian Government needs to end the seal hunt now.More than one million seals have been killed in the past five years alone, and according to Canada’s Department of Fisheries and Oceans, the demand for seal products is diminishing greatly, with 35 countries banning seal product imports. The commercial seal hunt is a dying industry in Canada that relies heavily on government subsidies. Taxpayers’ money should be directed to industries that are sustainable and do not rely on the cruel slaughter of animals.The argument that seals have to be killed to protect fish populations is unfounded. Studies have shown that the larger marine predators that feed on seals have a stronger impact on fish populations than seals themselves. In addition, Canada’s own Department of Fisheries and Oceans has said that there is no evidence to suggest seals are the cause of fish stock decline.There are better alternatives to the commercial seal slaughter. The Canadian Government should invest in the development of a sealing industry that focuses on non-lethal alternatives such as ecotourism, which would benefit local communities and bring in much-needed revenue withoutthe cruelty associated with the seal hunt. This would also help to restore Canada’s reputation as a compassionate and environmentally conscious nation.In conclusion, the commercial seal slaughter in Canada is a cruel and unnecessary practice that should be ended immediately. With the diminishing demand for seal products and the availability of alternative industries, it is time for the Canadian Government to take action and put an end to this inhumane hunt.翻译版：作为一个加拿大人，我为加拿大的商业捕猎海豹的行为感到羞耻。
2021 考研英语阅读真题Text 1(英语一)
2021 Text 1（英语⼀）How can Britain's train operators possibly justify yet another increase to rail passenger fares?英国的⽕⽕运营商怎么会有理由再⽕次提⽕铁路票价？It has become a grimly reliable annual ritual: every January the cost of traveling by train rises, imposing a significant extra burden on those who have no option but to use the rail network to get to work or otherwise.这已经成为⽕个严峻、铁打不动的年度惯例：每年1⽕，乘坐⽕⽕的费⽕都会增加，给那些别⽕选择只能使⽕铁路⽕络上班或其他的⽕带来巨⽕的额外负担。
This year's rise, an average of 2.7 percent, may be a fraction lower than last year's,but it is still well above the official Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure of inflation.今年的平均涨幅为2.7%，可能⽕去年略低，但仍远⽕于衡量通胀的官⽕消费者价格指数(CPI)。
Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer.历届政府都允许这种增⽕，理由是投资和运营铁路⽕络的成本应该由使⽕铁路的⽕承担，⽕不是由⽕般纳税⽕承担。
2020考研英语一阅读text1
文本内容：As we all know, COVID-19, a novel coronavirus, has spread globally since its outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The impact of the virus has been widespread, leading to social, economic, and health-related disruptions across the world. In the midst of this global crisis, it is crucial for individuals to stay informed and take the necessary precautions to protect themselves and others from the virus.1. The Origins and Spread of COVID-19The COVID-19 virus, officially named SARS-CoV-2, is believed to have originated in bats and may have been transmitted to humans through another animal host at a seafood market in Wuhan. Since then, the virus has rapidly spread to other countries, leading to widespread outbreaks and a pandemic declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020.2. The Impact on Public HealthThe rapid spread of COVID-19 has placed immense str本人n on healthcare systems worldwide. Hospitals and medical facilities have faced challenges in providing adequate care for thoseinfected with the virus, leading to shortages of medical supplies, intensive care unit beds, and healthcare workers. Additionally, the virus has disproportionately affected vulnerable populations, including the elderly and individuals with underlying health conditions.3. Economic DisruptionsThe global economy has suffered significant disruptions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Lockdowns, travel restrictions, and social distancing measures have led to the closure of businesses, a rise in unemployment, and a decline in consumer spending. Governments have implemented various economic relief measures to support businesses and individuals impacted by the pandemic.4. Social and Behavioral ChangesThe pandemic has also brought about significant changes in societal behavior and norms. Practices such as wearing masks,m本人nt本人ning physical distance, and frequent handwashing have bemonplace to mitigate the spread of the virus. Additionally, many individuals have adapted to remote work and virtual forms of social interaction toply with public health guidelines.5. The Role of Science and ResearchEfforts tobat COVID-19 have been driven by scientific research and collaboration. The development of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and diagnostic tests has been a priority for the global scientificmunity. Furthermore, researchers have worked to understand the transmission dynamics of the virus and its impact on human health, contributing to the development of public health strategies.6. The Importance of Education and AwarenessAmid the pandemic, educating the public about the virus and its prevention measures has been paramount. Public health authorities and organizations have disseminated information about COVID-19 through various channels, including websites, social media, and public service announcements. It is crucial for individuals to stay informed and adhere to public health guidelines to protect themselves and others.7. Looking Towards the FutureAs the world continues to grapple with the ongoing challenges posed by COVID-19, it is essential to rem本人n vigilant and united in our efforts to ovee the pandemic. Vaccination camp本人gns, continued research, and international collaboration will be crucial in mitigating the impact of the virus and preventing future outbreaks. It is important for individuals to rem本人n informed, adaptable, and resilient in the face of this global crisis.结语In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching consequences on public health, the economy, and societal behavior. It is imperative for individuals to stay informed, follow public health guidelines, and support efforts tobat the virus. By working together and rem本人ning resilient, we can ovee the challenges posed by COVID-19 and pave the way for a healthier and more secure future.。
考研英语一真题及答案解析-完整版
考研英语一真题及答案解析-完整版【考研英语一真题及答案解析-完整版】考研英语一真题及答案解析已成为考研复习的重要内容之一。
对于考生来说，了解历年真题以及解析对于备考至关重要。
本文将为大家提供考研英语一真题及答案解析的完整版，旨在帮助考生更好地复习备考。
一、阅读理解以下是一道考研英语一真题的阅读理解部分，附有答案解析：Passage 1In the late 19th century, the advent of the telephone and transportation of ever-larger quantities of goods led to the elaboration of methods of mass production, with the telephone expanding the market for products of all kinds. But it was also clear at once that the telephone brought with it the disadvantage of the growing number of interruptions in the intimacy (亲密)of family life.As long as only telegrams could be received over the telephone, this disadvantage only concerned business and politicians who could be interrupted at home. But as soon as relatives and friends began to telephone one another, people had to start struggling with new difficulties and new obligations (义务). As many other important inventions in the course of history, the telephone became a burden (负担)for persons of culture who would not easily yield their privacy (隐私权).With the invention of the telephone, ways had to be found to establish rules as to when and by whom telephone calls could be made without interrupting. The telephone, in order to be acceptable, had to bear certain qualities which were also valid for other cultural goods – mainly the quality to bring people toward one another and to integrate (整合)them into the common world.These results could, however, be achieved only by the contribution of a large number of people who followed certain rules of behavior with regard to the telephone. But such rules had to be collectively established, they had to be known and accepted by everyone; it would not have been sufficient if only a few informed persons, acting in a purely academic capacity =by themselves, had found them out and had spread (传播)them – that is, if people had known the rules only in the abstract.As soon as propriety (礼节)became a matter of public interest, the invention of the telephone brought about the establishment of a teachers of telephone behavior – professors who explained the norms (规范)of telephone behavior, who taught people how to accept messages, how to make a call politely and yet firmly (委婉), how to end calls courteously (谦虚地), and how to use a telephone correctly. These professors were also at the service of companies and private persons for individual consultation on the same topics. Thanks to these people the invasion of privacy by telephone could be tempered (缓和), the annoyance (麻烦) of being interrupted by telephone calls could be reduced.11. According to the passage, the advent of the telephone led to ______.A) an almost immediate invasion of privacyB) the formation of new obligationsC) the integration of business and politicsD) the expansion of the market for various products答案解析：D) the expansion of the market for various products.解析：根据文章的第一句“In the late 19th century, the advent of the telephone and transportation of ever-larger quantities of goods led to the elaboration of methods of mass production.”可知，电话的出现推动了商品市场的扩大。
考研英语1试卷真题
考研英语1试卷真题一、阅读理解（共20题，每题2分，满分40分）阅读材料1In the modern era, the rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes to our daily lives. The Internet, smartphones, and social media have become integral parts of modern society. However, the question arises: Are we becoming too dependent on technology?1. What is the main topic discussed in the passage?A) The history of technologyB) The impact of technology on societyC) The future of technologyD) The benefits of technology答案：B阅读材料2The concept of sustainable development has been a hot topicin recent years. It emphasizes the need for economic growth that is ecologically sustainable, socially inclusive, and economically viable. This means that development must meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.2. What does the term "sustainable development" refer to?A) Economic growth that is only environmentally friendlyB) A development model that considers the long-term needs of societyC) A focus on social issues without considering economic growthD) A temporary solution to economic problems答案：B二、完形填空（共10题，每题1分，满分10分）In recent years, the trend of urbanization has been accelerating. More and more people are moving to cities in search of better job opportunities and a higher standard of living. However, this trend has also led to a series of problems, such as traffic congestion and environmental pollution.3. The word "accelerating" in the passage is closest in meaning to:A) Slowing downB) Staying the sameC) Speeding upD) Changing direction答案：C四、翻译（英译汉，满分15分）Translate the following sentence into Chinese:4. The government has implemented a series of measures to curb the spread of the virus.翻译：政府实施了一系列措施来遏制病毒的传播。
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2016考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第1篇
France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman.
Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.
The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.
Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.
They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health.
That’s a start.
And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death – as some have done.
It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape – measure they must use to determine their individual worth.
The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men)that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty.
And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.
The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing.
Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.
The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.
In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.
In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models.
The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.
The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week(CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.
But in general it relies on a name-and–shame method of compliance.
Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.
Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.
法国一向以作为全球时尚革新者为傲，如今它已决定其时尚产业已经失去了定义女性体型美的绝对权力。
上周，法国的立法者初步通过了一部法律，该法律将使用超瘦模特上T型台。