跨文化交际阅读教程1unit8A WORLD OF PLANTS
跨文化交际阅读教程1
跨文化交际阅读教程1引言在当今全球化的世界中，跨文化交际能力变得越来越重要。
随着国际交流的不断增加，人们经常需要与来自不同文化背景的人进行交流与合作。
跨文化交际阅读能力是跨文化交际的基础，对于了解对方文化、提高交际效果至关重要。
本文档将指导读者如何提升跨文化交际阅读能力。
1. 了解文化差异第一步是了解不同文化之间的差异。
不同文化有不同的价值观、社会习俗和沟通方式。
了解这些差异，能够帮助读者更好地理解对方的行为和观点，避免误解和冲突。
•研究目标文化：阅读与目标文化相关的书籍、报纸、杂志和网站，了解其历史、传统、价值观和社会习俗。
•与本地人交流：尝试与目标文化的本地人交流，了解他们的想法和观点。
可以通过参加交流活动、加入跨文化交流社群或在社交媒体上寻找交流机会。
2. 培养批判性思维在跨文化交际阅读中，批判性思维是至关重要的。
读者需要能够客观地分析和评估所阅读的文本，并思考其背后的文化观点和假设。
•提出问题：在阅读过程中，问自己一些关键问题，例如作者的意图、观点和价值观。
比较不同文化视角下的观点，思考它们的异同。
•查找证据：寻找文本中的证据和例子，支持或反驳作者的观点。
确保评估过程基于客观的事实和证据，而非主观的偏见。
3. 学习语言和词汇语言是文化的重要组成部分，了解目标文化的语言和词汇将有助于读者更好地理解文本和沟通。
•学习基础语言知识：学习目标文化的基础语法、词汇和常用表达。
可以通过参加语言课程、使用语言学习应用程序等方式。
•关注特定领域的词汇：针对自己感兴趣的领域，学习相关的词汇和表达。
例如，如果对目标文化的音乐感兴趣，可以学习与音乐相关的词汇。
4. 阅读跨文化材料阅读跨文化材料是提升跨文化交际阅读能力的有效途径。
通过阅读不同文化背景的材料，读者将接触到多样化的观点和文化差异。
•选择合适的材料：选择与目标文化相关的材料，例如文学作品、新闻报道、历史书籍等。
确保材料的便利性和适宜水平。
•挑战自己：选择一些较难的材料，挑战自己的阅读能力。
大学跨文化英语 综合教程I Unit 8 A Taste of Cultural Differences课文翻译
A Taste of Cultural DifferencesHarry Triandis1 Many individuals are likely to have been exposed to only one culture. Even after exposure to many cultures, we are most likely to use the framework of our own culture (for example, the West or the East)to interpret events. To broaden one’s perspective, let me describe some surprising cultural differences.2 If you read stories about Asian and African cultures, you will get an idea of life that is very different from the one you get from thinking about Europeans or North Americans. For example, in a village in Thailand,friendliness, gentleness, and good humor are typical attributes of the people in the village. Face-to-face conflict is usually avoided by not saying something unpleasant. For example, you would not say: “Your house is burning.” Instead you would say: “Why don’t you go and see your house?”In the village, women whose husbands had taken additional wives,although they were greatly disturbed, said nothing to their husbands. They did not want to put anyone on the spot!3 In this culture, conflict is usually followed by one of the people leaving the scene without explanation, confrontation, or argument. As a result, many families dissolved with little ceremony. Te polite way to say“no” to a requ est is to giggle; that communicates the person’s intentions perfectly.4 Throughout the world, religion governs the lives of many people.However, the extent to which this is true varies enormously from culture to culture. In Japan, for instance, only about a fifth of the population takes religion seriously. In fact, some raise their children the Shinto way(according to traditional Japanese religion), marry the Christian way,and have Buddhist funerals. Religion is a matter of taste, similar to eating Chinese food or pizza. By contrast, in America and India, the majority of people take religion very seriously.5 Beliefs in main religions are often mixed with traditional beliefs,and frequently scientific beliefs are mixed in as well. For example, people will recognize that lightning is caused by electricity but will explain that phenomenon by saying that god has discharged it. Common traditional beliefs are sometimes spiritual: Te event is explained by a spirit that was mad, happy, angry, disturbed, or satisfied. Illness is not considered a major problem; instead it is viewed as a spiritual event. For example, enemies have put a spell on the sick person.6 Traditional healing is widely used in Africa than is modern medicine and the o bvious question is “why?”. While there are only about 100psychiatrists for 342 million people in Africa, there is little Western medicine (75 percent of the population do not know how to read or write)so it is not surprising that the vast majority of the population depends on traditional healing methods.7 These methods are derived from spiritual beliefs that all things have a soul in them. Stones, leaves, trees, rivers and even the earth itself are thought to be inhabited by spirits. People believe that illness occurs when a spirit is upset or when some of the natural relationships among the spirits have been disturbed. It thus is up to a traditional healer, who has the ability to “control” the spirits.8 Do not look down on these healers; they are by no means ineffective.They havestudied their powers for as long as nine years. In some cases they have their own “association” that awards certif icates and makes them promise that they will not harm their future patients. During their studies,traditional healers generally learn to be good observers and to become familiar with the benefits of using plants for health purposes. They learn how to see what is wrong with their patients, and they take extensive medical history courses. They also know how to identify and use plant substances. These scientists have classified about 350,000 known plants,but the systematic study of the effects of such plants has only just begun.9 African healers learn about plant attributes and uses from their teachers, who in turn learned from traditions developed over 1,000 years of trial and error. They are quite skilled in their use of plants for healing,though they do make occasional mistakes with dosage.10 In observing other cultures, it is useful to keep in mind that we see the world less “as it is” and more “as we are.” Depending on the experiences we have had and the habits that we have acquired, we see events quite differently.参考译文感受文化差异哈里·特里安迪斯许多人可能只接触过一种文化，即使接触了许多不同的文化，我们大多还是会用自己的文化框架(例如西方文化或东方文化)去解释事情。
跨文化英语阅读教程Unit 1课后翻译
Unit 1 The Texts: Piracy in the Twenty-First Century参考译文：二十一世纪的盗版现象课文一现代社会依赖于技术创新，而技术创新须依靠知识产权来保障。
越来越多的国家遵守国际条约，实行知识产权保护。
但这方面做得还远远不够。
我们来回顾一下过去，看看缺乏知识产权保护会导致什么样的后果，从而吸取教训。
Reading BAs many Western companies once discovered to their cost, investing in Southeast Asia before the advent of secure intellectual property rights was an expensive proposition. To enter these markets, Western companies had to disclose to authorities details not only of their products, but also of the processes whereby their products were created. The result, all too often, was rapid and blatant copying of goods which were not protected against copyright abuse of this kind.参考译文：许多西方公司付出了惨痛的代价才发现，知识产权保障机制还未健全时，在东南亚投资无异于将钱付诸东流。
要进入这些市场，西方公司不仅必须向相关当局说明他们的产品，而且还要说明他们产品的制作过程。
而结果经常是本该受到知识产权保护的产品很快被无耻地抄袭。
Reading CThere are numerous examples of such copyright piracy from the past. The American chemical giant Du Pont, for example, introduced into one Asian country its famous Londax herbicide, which kills weeds in rice fields. The company had invested millions of dollars in the research and development of this product, and plough ed another US$25 million into opening a local production plant. Less than one year afterwards, however, very cheap bottles of a fake Londax were openly on sale. The only difference between the fake and real items — other than the price — was that the fake was called Rondex and came in a blue rather than green bottle. However, as it was so much cheaper than the original, it effectively destroyed Du Pont’s investment. It also made the company much less willing to invest in R&D (research and development) of new chemicals. The “recipe” for Londax should have been treated as the intellectual property of Du Pont. For another company to make unauthorized use of it was stealing, just as surely as if they had stolen Du Pont’s machines or any other physical property.参考译文：盗用知识产权的例子不胜枚举。
跨文化交际英语阅读教程课文翻译
跨文化交际英语－阅读教程课文翻译———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 作者作者: : ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 日期日期: :第一单元现代社会依赖于技术创新现代社会依赖于技术创新,,而技术创新须依靠知识产权来保障。
越来越多的国家遵守国际条约，越来越多的国家遵守国际条约，实行知识产权保护。
实行知识产权保护。
但这方面做得还远远不够。
我们来回顾一下过去，看看缺乏知识产权保护会导致什么样的后果样的后果,,从而吸取教训。
许多西方公司付出了惨痛的代价才发现，知识产权保障机制还未健全时健全时,,在东南亚投资无异于将钱付诸东流。
要进入这些市场，西方公司不仅必须向相关当局说明他们的产品公司不仅必须向相关当局说明他们的产品,,而且还要说明他们产品的制作过程。
而结果经常是本该受到知识产权保护的产品很快被无耻地抄袭。
盗用知识产权的例子不胜枚举。
盗用知识产权的例子不胜枚举。
例如，例如，美国化学制品巨头杜邦向一亚洲国家引进了一种名叫 Londax 的著名除草剂的著名除草剂,,用来除掉稻田里的杂草。
该公司在该产品的研发上投资了数百万美元，该公司在该产品的研发上投资了数百万美元，而且又投入了而且又投入了２５００万美元在当地开设了一家生产厂家。
然而，不到一年以后，一瓶瓶非常廉价的冒牌 Ｌｏnd ａｘ公然上市了。
冒牌产品和正宗产品除了价格外的唯一区别是冒牌产品的名称是Ron ｄex ,用的是蓝色瓶而不是正宗产品用的绿色瓶。
瓶而不是正宗产品用的绿色瓶。
但是，但是，由于冒牌产品的价格比正宗产品的价格低廉许多，它成功毁掉了杜邦公司的投资。
它成功毁掉了杜邦公司的投资。
同时它也使得该同时它也使得该公司不再愿意投资于新化学制品的研发。
生产Lon ｄax 的配方本应该被当作是杜邦公司的知识产权。
英语跨文化交际实用教程Unit_1
2) Why do you think the Japanese woman wrote, “My husband is not very handsome ”? a) The Japanese woman was trying to tell her American friend that she did not like her husband very much. b) It is uncommon in Japan to compliment one’s husband. c) The Japanese woman didn’t think her husband was handsome, but she liked his personality.
Stereotype Differences between Chinese and Western Cultures
Attitudes towards the Chinese People
Saving Face
Hardworking
Attitudes towards the Chinese People
What Is Culture?
Three Ingredients of Culture
artifacts concepts (beliefs, values, world views…)
behavior
e.g. Whereas money is considered an artifact, then value placed on it is a concept, the actual spending and saving of money is behavior.
Education
大学英语跨文化交际教程课后答案(全)
Unit1 Sportsmanship:It is the ability to practise a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat.2. Traditionally, an Englishman is thought to be reserved, unemotional, courteous, shy of strangers, suspicious of change, and slow to accept new ideas.3.It is the ability to practise a sport according to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s oppo nent and good temper in defeat. Moreover, sportsmanship as an idea is applied to life in general.The pioneering spirit:Except for the brought from Africa, immigrants came to America voluntarily, early in search of greater prosperity and freedom.Rags-to-riches:It is story about a poor boy who, because he was hardworking, honest, and lucky, grew up to become rich and respected.American dream: The belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve weather and fame through diligence and virtue.1.Traditionally, individualism, independence and collaboration, practice, tolerance, melting pot and racial discrimination are the character of Americans.3.The American Dream is the belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue.Unit 2 Key concepts Five relationships Five relationships: ruler-minister, father-son, husband-wife, elder-younger brother and friend-friend.Humanism Humanism means that man not only had the right to enjoy the beauty of their life, but also had the ability to perfect themselves and perform wonders. Individualism An individualism culture is one in which people tend to view themselves ad individuals and to emphasize the needs of individuals.Collectivism A collectivism culture is one in which people tend to view themselves as members of groups (families, work units, tribes, nations), and usually consider the needs of the group to be more important than the needs of individuals. Comprehension questions1.According to Confucianism, what are the five cardinal relationships in Chinese society and what should these relationships be?That is the well-known five relationships: ruler-minister, father-son, husband-wife, elder-younger brother and friend-friend. This was explained as" There should be affection between man and wife, stratification between old and young, and good faith between friends."2.What is the difference between collectivism and individualism?Firstly, westerns tend to believe that people should rely on themselves as much as possible- and they usually expect other people to do the same. So they don't think they have the obligation to help family members and friends during emergency situations. In contrast, people in collectivist cultures generally feel that they have a right to help other members of their groups.Secondly, westerns generally feel that the rights of individuals should not be subordinated to the needs of a larger group, or at least that individuals should have the right to decide for themselves whether to sacrifice their personal benefit for the sake of the group. In contrast, people in collectivist cultures are generally more willing to accept the idea that individuals should sacrifice for the benefit of the group.Thirdly, westerners tend to believe that individuals should make decisions for themselves, and that individuals should take credit and responsibility for what they have personally done. In contrast, people in collectivist cultures tend to feel more that they are representatives of their group, and to accept more responsibility for the other members of their groups too.A final difference lies in the way people in different cultures view the idea of "individualism". Westerners tend to view individualism as a good thing. In contrast, the Chinese term for "individualism", often has a somewhat negative connotation, and is sometimes used as a synonym for "selfishness."Unit3 Nuclear family: include a husband, a wife and their childrenExtended family: adult couples are expected to form their own household with either of their biological families.2. Because they desire a close and intense bond with their partners，they expect so much from marriage that so many get divorcedImpermanence: the property of not existing for indefinitely long durations. Stable: resistant to change of position or conditionConnection vs. contract: relationship4. ①Chinese are likely to react more to the other person as a whole and will avoid forming friendships with those values and behaviors are in some way deemed undesirable. ②In China a friend is accepted completely or not at all ③Chinese friends give each other much more concrete help and assistance than Western friends do.①American have casual, friendly relationships with many people, but deeper, closer friendships with only a few. ②American friendships tend to be very compartmentalized. ③American friendships is mostly a matter of providing emotional support and spending time together.Unit5 Nutrition and balance: a look at the nutritional information, like the number of calories preserving, grams of fat, sodium, cholesterol, fiber and sugar content will make you more knowledgeable in selecting foods to reduce your nutritional health risk.Pragmatism:in the westerns’ eyes, food or eating is just a way to keep healthy, having little to do with artistry. Nor will they be particular about the taste of food too much.Unit6 Creativity: the ability to createSelf-reliance: is a principal value of child rearing in middle-class American. Originality：1.How do the Chinese teach their children？A: Chinese teach their children by holding their handsHow do Americans do？A: On their own and even to discover new problem for which creative solutions are wanted.Can you find the theories supporting the two different teaching method？A: Evolutionary and revolutionary2. Can you tell any other differences between the two educational systems?A: The contrast between the two cultures can also be seen in the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity.American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later.Unit7 Key concepts Monochronic time Monochronic time is an approach that favors linear structure and focus on one event or interaction at a time.Polychronic time A polychronic time system is a system where several things can be done at once, and a more fluid approach is taken to scheduling time. Unlike Americans and most northern and western European cultures, Latin American and Arabic cultures use the polychromic of time.Linear structure In monochromic time, linear structure means people focus on one event or interaction at a time.Schedule oriented People in polychronic time cultures treat time as a less tangible medium so that they can interact with more than one person or do more than one thing at a time.People oriented Polychronic individuals are oriented toward people, human relationships, and the family, which is the core of their existence. Family takes precedence over everything else, close friends come next..Comprehension questionsWhat is monochronic culture? What is polychronic culture?Monochronic cultures typically emphasize doing one thing at a time during a specified time-period, working on a single task until it is finished.Polychronic cultures are involved with many things at once, usually with varying levels of attention paid to each.What are the different attitudes monchronic people and polychronic people hold toward time?Monochronic people see time as being divided into fixed elements (seconds, minutes, hours, etc.)Sequential blocks that can be organized, quantified, and scheduled.What are the strengths and weaknesses of M-time system and P-time system?Once the time is set, it is rarely changed, and people take it seriously. M-time cultures is one who violates the rule of punctuality shall be punished seriously. Matters in a polychronic plans for the future: even important plans maybe changed right up the minute of execution.Unit 9Key concepts High-context culture High context cultures rely on the context, either the actual physical environment of communication or an internalized social context or both, or convey a large part or even all of a message’s meaning.Low-context culture Low context culture, in which context is not assumed to be understood, messages are explicit, direct, and completely encoded in words, and meaning is entrusted almost entirely to words.ImplicitnessThe message which someone expressed is elliptical, indirect, and allusive. Explicitness The message which someone expressed is direct, and completely encoded in words, and meaning is entrusted almost entirely to words..Verbalizing Verbalizing- that is, to put things in words, whether written or oral. Comprehensive questionsWhat is High-context culture? What is Low-context culture?High context cultures rely on the context, either the actual physical environment of communication or an internalized social context or both, or convey a large part or even all of a message’s meaning.Low context culture, in which context is not assumed to be understood, messages are explicit, direct, and completely encoded in words, and meaning is entrusted almost entirely to words.ImplicitnessWhat does silence mean in high-context cultures? What is the function of silence in high-context cultures?It means entirely accepted.In the individual level, silence can be viewed as a state of being allowing you to experience the highest truth and bliss; on the interpersonal level, silence can be used to promote harmony, cooperation, and other collectivistic values; on the level of social movements, silence can be protest.Why does silence mean differently in different cultures?Different in the uses of silence can be best examined in high-context and low-context cultures. High-context cultures are relational, collectivist, intuitive, and contemplative. Low-context cultures are logical, linear, individualistic, and action-oriented.Key conceptsCulture shock Culture shock happens to people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. It is, first and foremost an emotional phenomenon; then comes cognitive disorientation and identity dissonance.Comprehension questionsWhat are the five stages of the cultural adjustment process? Does everyone have the same experience?The five stages of the cultural adjustment process:Honeymoon period: Initially many people are fascinated and excited by everything of the new culture.Culture shock: The individuals are immersed in news problems: housing, transportation, employment, shopping, and language.Initial adjustment: Everyone activities such as housing and shopping are no longer major problems. The visitors may not yet be fluent in the spoken language, but they can express their basic ideas and feelings.Mental isolations: Individuals away from their family and good friends for a long time may feel lonely.Acceptance and integration: A routine ( eg; work, business, or school) has been established. The newcomer has become accustomed to the habits, customs, foods, and characteristics of the people in the new culture.Individuals experience the stages of adjustment in different ways. Some people never experience a “honeymoon” period because the circumstances of their coming to a new country may have been too painful. In addition, certain stages last longer for some than for others, dep ending on such factors as the newcomer’s personality, age, language and cultural competence, support from family and friends, financial situation, job status, and motivations for being in the new country.。
跨文化交际(UNIT8)
“No problem,” said the captain, “I told him he was 6 insured!”
➢ Of course, what the story tells us about people of those different nations can only be partially true at best and we must be aware of such overgeneralization and oversimplification in our perception of people of other cultures.
Homework: Finish the Fill-in Task exercise (p268). What do they mean in the sentence?
Fill-in Task (p268)
1. Excuse my French, but he’s a bloody nuisance! 2. The headmaster always talks to the pupils like a
cultures. ➢ Other cultures are smart to look up to my cultuame as my people. ➢ Our way of doing things is the only right way.
➢ Many idioms concerning other nations suggest that the British’s used to hold others in derision and contempt. But all those related to the British themselves indicate that the British used to view themselves in positive ways.
(完整版)新编跨文化交际英语教程_参考答案Unit1
Unit 1Communication Across CulturesReading IIntercultural Communication：An IntroductionComprehension questions1. Is it still often the case that “everyone’s quick to blame the alien” in the contemporary world?This is still powerful in today’s social and political rhetoric. For instance, it is not uncommon in today‘s society to hear people say that most, if not all, of the social and economic problems are caused by minorities and immigrants.2. What’s the difference between today’s intercultural co ntact and that of any time in the past?Today‘s intercultural encounters are far more numerous and of greater importance than in any time in history.3. What have made intercultural contact a very common phenomenon in our life today?New technology, in the form of transportation and communication systems, has accelerated intercultural contact; innovative communication systems have encouraged and facilitated cultural interaction; globalization of the economy has brought people together; changes in immigration patterns have also contributed to intercultural encounter.4. How do you understand the sentence “culture is everything and everywhere”? Culture supplies us with the answers to questions about what the world looks like and how we live and communicate within that world. Culture teaches us how to behave in our life from the instant of birth. It is omnipresent.5. What are the major elements that directly influence our perception and communication?The three major socio-cultural elements that directly influence perception and communication are cultural values, worldview (religion), and social organizations (family and state).6. What does one’s family teach him or her while he or she grows up in it?The family teaches the child what the world looks like and his or her place in that world.7. Why is it impossible to separate our use of language from our culture?Because language is not only a form of preserving culture but also a means of sharing culture. Language is an organized, generally agreed-upon, learned symbol system that is used to represent the experiences within a cultural community.8. What are the nonverbal behaviors that people can attach meaning to?People can attach meaning to nonverbal behaviors such as gestures, postures, facial expressions, eye contact and gaze, touch, etc.9. How can a free, culturally diverse society exist?A free, culturally diverse society can exist only if diversity is permitted to flourish without prejudice and discrimination, both of which harm all members of the society. Reading IIThe Challenge of GlobalizationComprehension questions1. Why does the author say that our understanding of the world has changed?Many things, such as political changes and technological advances, have changed the world very rapidly. In the past most human beings were born, lived, and died within a limited geographical area, never encountering people of other cultural backgrounds. Such an existence, however, no longer prevails in the world. Thus, all people are faced with the challenge of understanding this changed and still fast changing world in which we live.2. What a “global village” is like?As our world shrinks and its inhabitants become interdependent, people from remote cultures increasingly come into contact on a daily basis. In a “global village”, members of once isolated groups of people have to communicate with members of other cultural groups. Those people may live thousands of miles away or right next door to each other.3. What is considered as the major driving force of the post-1945 globalization? Technology, particularly telecommunications and computers are considered to be the major driving force.4. What does the author mean by saying that “the ‘global’ may be more local than the ‘local’”?The increasing global mobility of people and the impact of new electronic media on human communications make the world seem smaller. We may communicate more with people of other countries than with our neighbors, and we may be more informed of the international events than of the local events. In this sense, “the ‘global’ may be more local than the ‘local’”.5. Why is it important for businesspeople to know diverse cultures in the world? Effective communication may be the most important competitive advantage that firms have to meet diverse customer needs on a global basis. Succeeding in the global market today requires the ability to communicate sensitively with people from other cultures, a sensitivity that is based on an understanding of cross-cultural differences.6. What are the serious problems that countries throughout the world are confronted with?Countries throughout the world are confronted with serious problems such as volatile international economy, shrinking resources, mounting environmental contamination, and epidemics that know no boundaries.7. What implications can we draw from the case of Michael Fay?This case shows that in a world of international interdependence, the ability tounderstand and communicate effectively with people from other cultures takes on extreme urgency. If we are unaware of the significant role culture plays in communication, we may place the blame for communication failure on people of other cultures.8. What attitudes are favored by the author towards globalization? Globalization, for better or for worse, has changed the world greatly. Whether we like it or not, globalization is all but unstoppable. It is already here to stay. It is both a fact and an opportunity. The challenges are not insurmountable. Solutions exist, and are waiting to be identified and implemented. From a globalistic point of view, there is hope and faith in humanity.Case StudyCase 1In this case, there seemed to be problems in communicating with people of different cultures in spite of the efforts made to achieve understanding.We should know that in Egypt as in many cultures, the human relationship is valued so highly that it is not expressed in an objective and impersonal way. While Americans certainly value human relationships, they are more likely to speak of them in less personal, more objective terms. In this case, Richard‘s mistake might be that he chose to praise the food itself rather than the total evening, for which the food was simply the setting or excuse. For his host and hostess it was as if he had attended an art exhibit and complimented the artist by saying, “What beautiful frames your pictures are in.”In Japan the situation may be more complicated. Japanese people value order and harmony among persons in a group, and that the organization itself－be it a family or a vast corporation－is more valued than the characteristics of any particular member. In contrast, Americans stress individuality as a value and are apt to assert individual differences when they seem justifiably in conflict with the goals or values of the group. In this case: Richard‘s mistake was in making great efforts to defend himself. Let the others assume that the errors were not intentional, but it is not right to defend yourself, even when your unstated intent is to assist the group by warning others of similar mistakes. A simple apology and acceptance of the blame would have been appropriate. But for poor Richard to have merely apologized would have seemed to him to be subservient, unmanly.When it comes to England, we expect fewer problems between Americans and Englishmen than between Americans and almost any other group. In this case we might look beyond the gesture of taking sugar or cream to the values expressed in this gesture: for Americans, ―”Help yourself”; for the Engl ish counterpart, ―”Be my guest”. American and English people equally enjoy entertaining and being entertained but they differ somewhat in the value of the distinction. Typically, the ideal guest at an American party is one who ―makes himself at home, even to the point of answering the door or fixing his own drink. For persons in many other societies, including at least this hypothetical English host, such guest behavior is presumptuous or rude.Case 2A common cultural misunderstanding in classes involves conflicts between what is said to be direct communication style and indirect communication style. InAmerican culture, people tend to say what is on their minds and to mean what they say. Therefore, students in class are expected to ask questions when they need clarification. Mexican culture shares this preference of style with American culture in some situations, and that‘s why the students from Mexico readily adopted the techniques of asking questions in class. However, Korean people generally prefer indirect communication style, and therefore they tend to not say what is on their minds and to rely more on implications and inference, so as to be polite and respectful and avoid losing face through any improper verbal behavior. As is mentioned in the case, to many Koreans, numerous questions would show a disrespect for the teacher, and would also reflect that the student has not studied hard enough.Case 3The conflict here is a difference in cultural values and beliefs. In the beginning, Mary didn’t realize that her Dominican sister saw her as a member of the family, literally. In the Dominican view, family possessions are shared by everyone of the family. Luz was acting as most Dominican sisters would do in borrowing without asking every time. Once Mary understood that there was a different way of looking at this, she would become more accepting. However, she might still experience the same frustration when this happened again. She had to find ways to cope with her own emotional cultural reaction as well as her practical problem (the batteries running out).Case 4It might be simply a question of different rhythms. Americans have one rhythm in their personal and family relations, in their friendliness and their charities. People from other cultures have different rhythms. The American rhythm is fast. It is characterized by a rapid acceptance of others.However, it is seldom that Americans engage themselves entirely in a friendship. Their friendships are warm, but casual, and specialized. For example, you have a neighbor who drops by in the morning for coffee. You see her frequently, but you never invite her for dinner --- not because you don‘t think she could handle a fork and a knife, but because you have seen her that morning.Therefore, you reserve your more formal invitation to dinner for someone who lives in a more distant part of the city and whom you would not see unless you extended an invitation for a special occasion. Now, if the first friend moves away and the second one moves nearby, you are likely to reverse this --- see the second friend in the mornings for informal coffee meetings, and the first one you will invite more formally to dinner.Americans are, in other words, guided very often by their own convenience. They tend to make friends eas ily, and they don‘t feel it necessary to go to a great amount of trouble to see friends often when it becomes inconvenient to do so, and usually no one is hurt. But in similar circumstances people from many other cultures would be hurt very deeply.。
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citrus fruits（柑橘类水果）
olive groves（橄榄林）
grapes
Function
ordinary plants facilitate peopie bring food
become tools for people to use
The exhibition
the traditional culture of Mediterranean
the richness of life in the Californian desert
South Africa'gardens
SO we should protect these plants and our earth.I hope that we can learn from places like Eden so that every generation all has opportunity to enjoy such splendid(壮观的，极好的） nature.NEXT let my another partner tell you the second greenhouse.
1
in the mild(温暖的，温柔的) climate of Cornwall(英国英格兰西南端的郡）.
But other plants demand different
2
climatic conditionts and that us why
two gigantic greenhouses.
Mediterranean
California
South Africa
Mediterranean
South Africa
California
Because the climate of these places is dry,the plants from this climate need to live in very dry conditions and on this soils.
hectare n. 公顷 （等于1万 平方米）
/'hekteə; -ɑː/
The Eden Project
巨大的陨石坑
In this giant crater,once a china clay mine in Cornwall,science and art meet in a living theatre of plants and people.
Moist（潮湿的）
Heavy rich smell
Plants
Coffee
Bananas
Cocoa
Hardwood Trees
Mahogany （红木） Teak (柚木）
Rubber
Animals
Honey bear(蜜熊）
Butterfly
Lizard
We need to treat plants properly and work with them to safeguard the future for us all on earth.
陶土，瓷土
1000000 plants
Eden
Humid Tropics Biome
5000 species
Warm Temperature Biome
Cornwall
greenhouses
Why we need two gigantic greenhouses
Many of these plants couid grow outside
PART 1 PART 3 Plants
Global distribution
PART 2
PART 4
Environment
Animals
Global distribution
Malaysia West Africa Oceanic islands
Amazon jungle
Sticky(闷热的）
A World Of Plants
Katie's Dairy
01
WHEN
yesterday
02
Wt
03
WHO
Mum Dad Ken and Kaity
04
HOW
By car
The Eden Project
Opened in 2001 and covers an area of 14 hectares