2019最新7防水工程英语
给水排水专业英语翻译
《给水排水专业英语》Lesson 1specif ic yield[spə'sifik][ji:ld] 单位产水量mass curve累积曲线capita l investment投资recurring natura l event['nætʃərəl] 重现历史事件subter ranea n [sʌbtə'reiniən] 地下的ground water地下水surfac e water地表水tap [tæp]开关、龙头；在…上开空（导出液体）swampl and ['swɔmplænd] n. 沼泽地；沼泽地带capill ary [kə'piləri] n. 毛细管adj. 毛状的,毛细管的hygro- [词头] 湿（气），液体hygros copic [,haigrəu'skɔpik] adj. 易湿的，吸湿的hygros copic moistu re 吸湿水stratu m ['streitəm] n. [地质学]地层，[生物学]（组织的）层aquife r ['ækwəfə] ['ækwifə] n.含水层，地下蓄水层satura tion[,sætʃə'reiʃən] n.饱和(状态)，浸润，浸透，饱和度hydros tatic[,haidrəu'stætik] adj. 静水力学的,流体静力学的hydros tatic pressu re 静水压力watertable 1. 地下水位，地下水面，潜水面2. 【建筑学】泻水台；承雨线脚；飞檐；马路边沟[亦作 water-table]Phreat ic surfac e [fri(:)'ætik]地下水（静止）水位，浅层地下水面Superf icial [sju:pə'fiʃəl] adj. 表面的,表观的，浅薄的Porosi ty [pɔ:'rɔsiti] n. 多孔性,有孔性,孔隙率Unconf ined ['ʌnkən'faind] adj. 无约束的，无限制的Permea bilit y [,pə:miə'biliti] n. 弥漫, 渗透, 渗透性Permea meter [pə:mi'æmitə] n.渗透仪,渗透性试验仪)Clay [klei] n. 粘土，泥土gravel ['ɡrævəl] n.[总称]砾，沙砾，小石；砾石cone of depres sion[kəun] 下降漏斗, [水文学]下降锥体drawdo wn ['drɔ:daun] n. 水位下降(降落,消耗,减少)integrate ['intigr eit] 【数学】作积分运算；求积分observ ation well [,əbzə:'veiʃən] 观测井，观测孔extrac tion [ik'strækʃən] n. 抽出，取出，提取（法），萃取（法）deriva tion [deri'veiʃən] n. 1. 导出，引(伸)出，来历，出处，得出，得到；诱导，推论，推理；溯源【数学】1) (定理的)求导，推导2) 微商，微分，导数【语言】词源，衍生deplet e [di'pli:t] v. 耗尽, 使...衰竭refuse [ri'fju:z] n. 废物,垃圾vt. 拒绝，谢绝dump [dʌmp] n. 垃圾场，垃圾堆，堆存处vt. 倾卸，倾倒(垃圾)unconf ined aquife r 潜水含水层，非承压含水层，无压含水层confin ed aquife r 自流含水层，承压含水层homoge neous [,hɔməu'dʒi:njəs] adj. 同类的,相似的，均匀的，均相的；同种类的，同性质的；相同特征的Aquacl ude 不透水层，难渗透水的地层Offset['ɔ:fset] n.偏移量抵销，弥补，分支，胶印，平版印刷，支管，乙字管Vt. 弥补,抵销,用平版印刷vi. 偏移，形成分支sophis ticat ed [sə'fistik eitid] adj. 复杂的，需要专门技术的；诡辩的,久经世故的equili brium [,i:kwi'libriəm] n. 平衡,均衡WaterSupply（给水工程）A supply of wateris critic al to the surviv al of life, as we know it.（众所周知，水对生命的生存至关重要。
建筑防水方面英语词汇
建筑防水方面英语词汇石油沥青纸胎油毡、油纸Paper base petroleum asphalt felt asphalt paper沥青防水卷材试验方法总则Test methods for asphalt waterproof roll roofing—The general rules沥青防水卷材试验方法浸涂材料含量 Test methods for asphalt waterproof roll roofing—Saturated and coated bitumen amount of asphalt沥青防水卷材试验方法不透水性Test methods for asphalt waterproof roll roofing— Water impermeability of asphalt沥青防水卷材试验方法吸水性Test methods for asphalt waterproof roll roofing — Water absorption of asphalt沥青防水卷材试验方法耐热度Test methods for asphalt waterproof roll roofing—Heat resistance of asphalt沥青防水卷材试验方法拉力Test methods for asphalt waterproof roll roofing—Tensile strength of asphalt沥青防水卷材试验方法柔度Test methods for asphalt waterproof roll roofing—Flexibility of asphalt热电偶高温计 thermocouple pyrometer环形钢筋混凝土电杆 Circular reinforced concrete pole抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥 Sulfate resistance portland cement水泥抗硫酸盐侵蚀试验方法Sulphate resistance test for cement水泥压蒸安定性试验方法 Autoclave method for soundness of portland cement矿渣硅酸盐水泥、火山灰质硅酸盐水泥及粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥Portland blastfurnace-slag cement, portland pozzolana cement and portland fly-ash cement水泥细度检验方法(μm筛筛析法) Test method for fineness of cement--The μm sieve水泥标准稠度用水量、凝结时间、安定性检验方法 Standard test method for water requirement of normal consistency setting time and soundness of the portland cement纤维增强塑料性能试验方法总则 The generals of test methods for properties of fiber-reinforced plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料拉伸性能试验方法Test method for tensile properties of glass fiber-reinforced plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料压缩性能试验方法Test method for compressive properties of glass fiber-reinforced plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料弯曲性能试验方法Test method for flexural properties of glass fiber-reinforced plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料层间剪切强度试验方法Test method for interlaminar shear strength of glass fiber-reinforced plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料冲压式剪切强度试验方法 Test method for the punch-type of strength of glass fiber-reinforced plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料简支梁式冲击韧性试验方法Test method for the charpy impact resistance of glass fiber-reinforced plastics非金属夹层结构平拉强度试验方法Test method for flatwise tension strength of nonmetal sandwich constructions非金属夹层结构或芯子平压性能试验方法Test method for flatwise compression properties of nonmetal sandwich constructions or cores夹层结构侧压性能试验方法Test method for edgewise compressive properties of sandwich constructions夹层结构或芯子剪切性能试验方法T est method for shear properties of sandwich constructions or cores夹层结构弯曲性能试验方法 Test method for flexural properties of sandwich constructions夹层结构滚筒剥离试验方法Test method for climbing drum peel of sandwich constructions纤维缠绕增强塑料环形试样拉伸试验方法Test method fortensile strength of ring of filament- winding reinforced plastics纤维缠绕增强塑料环形试样剪切试验方法Test method for interlaminar shear strength of ring of filament-winding reinforced plastics纤维增强塑料吸水性试验方法Test methods for water absorption of fiber reinforced plastics纤维增强塑料密度和相对密度试验方法Test methods for density and relative density of fiber reinforced plastics非金属夹层结构或芯子密度试验方法 Test method for density of nonmetal sandwich constructions or cores用于水泥和混凝土中的粉煤灰Fly ash used for cement and concrete白色硅酸盐水泥 White portland cement白色硅酸盐水泥白度试验方法Test method for whiteness of white portland cement水泥水化热试验方法(直接法) Test method for heat of hydration of cement--Adiabatic method水泥胶砂流动度测定方法Test method for fluidity of cement mortar水泥抗硫酸盐侵蚀快速试验方法Rapid test for sulphateresistance of cement砌墙砖试验方法 Test methods for wall bricks树脂浇铸体性能试验方法总则 The generals of test methods for properties of resin casting body树脂浇铸体拉伸性能试验方法Test method for tensile properties of resin casting body树脂浇铸体压缩性能试验方法Test method for compressive properties of resin casting body树脂浇铸体弯曲性能试验方法Test method for flexural properties of resin casting body树脂浇铸体冲击试验方法 Test method for impact resistance of resin casting body玻璃钢平均线膨胀系数试验方法 Glass fiber reinforced plastics--Average linear expansion factor of fiber--Method of testing玻璃纤维增强塑料大气暴露试验方法Test method for atmosphere exposure of glass fiber reinforced plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料湿热试验方法 Test method for resistance of glass fiber reinforced plastics to damp heat玻璃纤维增强塑料耐水性试验方法Test method for resistance of glass fiber reinforced plastics to water纤维增强塑料树脂不可溶分含量试验方法Test method for insoluble matter content of resin used in fiber reinforced plastics玻璃纤维增强塑料树脂含量试验方法Test method for resin content of glass fiber reinforced plastics纤维缠绕增强塑料环形试样制作方法Fabrication method of ring test specimen for filament -winding reinforced plastics轻骨料试验方法 Test methods for lightweight aggregates用于水泥中的火山灰质混合材料Pozzolanic materials used for cement production石棉水泥输水管及其接头 Asbestos-cement pressure pipes and joints for water石棉水泥输煤气管Asbestos-cement pressure pipe for gas transmission石棉水泥井管 Asbestos-cement pipe for well casing玻璃钢导热系数试验方法 Test method for thermal conductivity of glassfiber reinforced plastics纤维增强塑料平均比热容试验方法T est method for mean specific heat capacity of fiber reinforced plastics纤维增强塑料纵横剪切试验方法Test method for longitudinal transverse shear(L-T shear) properties of fiber reinforced plastics碳纤维复丝拉伸性能检验方法Test method for tensile properties of carbon fiber strands碳纤维复丝纤维根数检验方法(显微镜法) Test method for number of filaments in carbon fiber strands by microscopy碳纤维直径和当量直径检验方法(显微镜法) Test method for diameter and equivalent diameter of carbon fiber by microscopy碳纤维增强塑料孔隙含量检验方法(显微镜法) Test method for void content of carbon fiber reinforced plastics by microscopy碳纤维增强塑料纤维体积含量试验方法Test method for fiber volume content of carbon fiber reinforced plastics钢丝网水泥板受弯试验方法 Test method of ferrocement panels in flexure钢丝网水泥板轴心受拉试验方法Test method of ferrocement panels in axial tension纤维增强塑料巴氏(巴柯尔) 硬度试验方法Test method forhardness of fiber reinforced plastics by means of a Barcol impressor碳纤维增强塑料树脂含量试验方法Test method for resin content of carbon fiber reinforced plastics单向纤维增强塑料平板压缩性能试验方法Test method for compression properties of unidirectional fiber reinforced plastics玻璃纤维增强热固性塑料耐化学药品性能试验方法Test method for chemical resistance of glass fiber reinforced thermosetting plastics纤维增强塑料术语 T erms for fiber reinforced plastics承插式自应力钢筋混凝土输水管Spigot and socket self-stressed reinforced concrete pipe used for water delivery半硬质聚氯乙烯块状塑料地板 Semirigid PVC plastics floor tiles绝热材料及相关术语Definitions of terms relating to thermal insulating materials试验用单向纤维增强塑料平板的制备Preparation of unidirectional orientated fiber reinforced plastic plates for test purposes钢丝网水泥名词术语及其定义Terms and their definition of ferrocement缠绕式垫片分类Specification and symbol of spiral wound gaskets缠绕式垫片管法兰尺寸系列Dimensional series of spiral wound gaskets for pipe flanges缠绕式垫片技术条件 Specification of spiral wound gaskets环形预应力混凝土电杆 Circular prestressed concrete pole玻璃纤维增强塑料层合板层间拉伸强度试验方法 Test method for interlaminar tensile strength of glass fiber reinforced plastic laminates纤维增强塑料薄层板压缩性能试验方法Test method for compressive properties of fiber reinforced plastic thin laminates纤维增强热固性塑料管轴向拉伸性能试验方法Test method for longitudinal tensile properties of fiber-reinforced thermosetting plastic pipe纤维增强热固性塑料管轴向压缩性能试验方法Test method for longitudinal compressive properties of fiber-reinforced thermosetting plastic pipe纤维增强热固性塑料管短时水压失效压力试验方法Test method for short-time hydraulic failure pressure of fiber-reinforced thermosetting plastic pipe纤维增强热固性塑料管平行板外载性能试验方法 Test method forexternal loading properties of fiber -reinforced thermosetting plastic pipe by parallel- plate loading矿物棉及其制品试验方法总则General principles of test methods for mineral wool and its products矿物棉板垂直度及平整度试验方法Test method for the squareness and flatness of mineral wool board矿物棉及其板、毡、带尺寸和容重试验方法 Test method for the dimension and bulk density of mineral wool and its board,mat and lamella board矿物棉及其制品纤维平均直径试验方法Test method for the average diameter of fibers constituting mineral wool and its products矿物棉及其制品渣球含量试验方法Test method for the shot content of mineral wool and its products矿物棉及其制品酸度系数测定方法Determination method for acidity coefficient of mineral wool and its products矿物棉制品吸湿性试验方法Test method for the moisture absorption of mineral wool products膨胀珍珠岩绝热制品抽样方案和抽样方法Sampling schemes and methods for expanded perlite insulation膨胀珍珠岩绝热制品试验方法外观质量Test methods forexpanded perlite insulation--Outset quality膨胀珍珠岩绝热制品试验方法抗压强度Test methods for expanded perlite insulation--Compressive strength膨胀珍珠岩绝热制品试验方法密度和含水率Test methods for expanded perlite insulation--Density and water content预应力混凝土输水管(震动挤压工艺) Prestressed vibrohydropressed concrete pipe for water预应力混凝土输水管(管芯缠丝工艺) Core type prestressed concrete pipe for water建材用石灰石化学分析方法Methods of chemical analysis of limestone for building material industry建筑材料与非金属矿产品白度测量方法Method for measurement of whiteness of building materials and non-Metal mineral products玻璃纤维短切原丝毡片粘结剂在苯乙烯中溶解时间的测定Textile glass chopped-strand mats--Determination of time of dissolution of the binder in styrene玻璃纤维毡片单位面积质量的测定Textile glass--Glass mats--Determination of mass per unit area纤维增强塑料燃烧性能试验方法炽热棒法Test method for flammability characteristics of fiber-reinforced plastics--Incandescent rod method纤维缠绕压力容器制备和内压试验方法 Method for preparation and internal pressure testing of filament wound pressure vessels用于水泥中的粒化电炉磷渣Granulated electric furnace phosphorous slag used for cement production钢丝网水泥用砂浆力学性能试验方法总则Test method of mechanical properties of mortar for ferrocement--General principle钢丝网水泥用砂浆力学性能试验方法抗折强度试验 Test method of mechanical properties of mortar for ferrocement--Test of bending strength钢丝网水泥用砂浆力学性能试验方法抗压强度试验 Test method of mechanical properties of mortar for ferrocement--Test of compressive strength钢丝网水泥用砂浆力学性能试验方法劈裂抗拉强度试验Test method of mechanical properties of mortar for ferrocement--Test of tensile splitting strength钢丝网水泥用砂浆力学性能试验方法轴心抗压强度试验Test methods of mechanical properties of mortar for ferrocement—Test of axial compressive strength钢丝网水泥用砂浆力学性能试验方法静力受压弹性模量试验Test methods of mechanical properties of mortar for ferrocement—Test for static modulus of elasticity in compression钢丝网水泥用砂浆力学性能试验方法泊松比试验Test methods of mechanical properties of mortar for ferrocement—Test of poisson's ratio钢丝网水泥用砂浆力学性能试验方法粘结力试验Test methods of mechanical properties of mortar for ferrocement—Bond test水泥比表面积测定方法勃氏法Testing method for specific surface of cement--Blaine method混凝土外加剂的分类、命名与定义 Classification, nomenclature and definition of concrete admixtures混凝土外加剂匀质性试验方法Methods for testing uniformity of concrete admixture建筑材料难燃性试验方法 Test method of difficult-flammability for building materials建筑材料可燃性试验方法Test method of flammability for building materials建筑材料燃烧或分解的烟密度试验方法 T est method for density of smoke from the burning or decomposition of building materials玻璃纤维增强塑料燃烧性能试验方法氧指数法Test method for flammability characteristics of glass fiber reinforced plastics using the oxygen index method石棉水泥波瓦及其脊瓦Asbestos-cement corrugated sheet and ridge tile复层建筑涂料 Multi wall architectural coatings建筑涂料涂层耐沾污性试验方法 T est method for dirt resistance of film of architectural coatings and paint天然饰面石材试验方法干燥、水饱和、冻融循环后压缩强度试验方法 Test methods for natural facing stones--Dry, wet and after freezing--test methods for compressive strength天然饰面石材试验方法弯曲强度试验方法Test methods for natural facing stones--Test method for flexural strength天然饰面石材试验方法体积密度、真密度、真气孔率、吸水率试验方法 Test methods for natural facing stones--Test methods for bulk density, true density, true porosity and water absorption天然饰面石材试验方法耐磨性试验方法Test methods for natural facing stones--Test method for abrasion resistance天然饰面石材试验方法镜面光泽度试验方法Test methods for natural facing stones--Test method for specular gloss天然饰面石材试验方法耐酸性试验方法Test methods for natural facing stones--Test method for acid resistance纤维增强塑料高低温力学性能试验准则Guide rule of test for mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced plastics at elevated and reduced temperatures给水用硬聚氯乙烯管件 Unplasticized polyvnyl chloride (PVC-U) fitting for water supply绝热材料稳态热阻及有关特性的测定防护热板法Thermal insulation--Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties--Guarded hot plate apparatus绝热材料稳态热阻及有关特性的测定热流计法Thermal insulation--Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties--Heat flow meter apparatus绝热层稳态热传递特性的测定圆管法Thermal insulation--Determination of steady-state thermal transmission properties--Pipe insulation apparatus保温材料憎水性试验方法 Test method for hydrophobic nature of thermal insulation膨胀珍珠岩绝热制品 Expanded perlite insulation玻璃纤维增强塑料耐水性加速试验方法 T est method accelerated for resistance of glass fiber reinforced plastics to water绝热材料稳态传热性质的测定圆球法Thermal insulation--Determination of steady-state thermal transmission properties—Spherical method混凝土和钢筋混凝土排水管 Concrete and reinforced concrete drainage and sewer pipes混凝土管用混凝土抗压强度试验方法Test methods of the concrete compressive strength of concrete pipes for water蒸压灰砂砖 Autoclaved lime-sand brick聚氯乙烯卷材地板带基材的聚氯乙烯卷材地板PVC floor sheets—PVC floor sheets with backing聚氯乙烯卷材地板第部分：有基材有背涂层聚氯乙烯卷材地板PVC floor sheets--Part : PVC floor sheets having base with back水泥取样方法 Sampling method of cement聚氯乙烯防水卷材Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic sheets for waterproofing氯化聚乙烯防水卷材Chlorinated polyethylene plastic sheets for waterproofing建筑胶粘剂通用试验方法General testing methods forconstruction adhesives用作水泥混合材料的工业废渣活性试验方法Test method for activity of industrial waste slag used as addition to cement复合硅酸盐水泥 Composite portland cement水泥水化热测定方法(溶解热法) T est method for heat of hydration of cement—The heat of solution method水泥组分的定量测定 Method for determining the contents of constituents of cement玻璃纤维增强塑料盒子卫生间制品Heart unit of glass fiber reinforced plastics—Products玻璃纤维增强塑料盒子卫生间类型和尺寸系列Heart unit of glass fiber reinforced plastics—Classification and size series玻璃纤维增强塑料盒子卫生间防水盘Heart unit of glass fiber reinforced plastics—Proofed plate玻璃纤维增强塑料盒子卫生间试验方法 Heart unit of glass fiber reinforced plastics—Test method拉挤玻璃纤维增强塑料杆拉伸性能试验方法Test method for tensile properties of pultruded glass fiber reinforced plastic rods拉挤玻璃纤维增强塑料杆弯曲性能试验方法Test method for flexural properties of pultruded glass fiber reinforced plasticrods拉挤玻璃纤维增强塑料杆面内剪切强度试验方法 Test method for in plane shear strength of pultruded glass fiber reinforced plastic rods拉挤玻璃纤维增强塑料杆表观水平剪切强度短梁剪切试验方法Test method for apparent horizontal shear strength of pultruded glass fiber reinforced plastic rods by the short beam method绝热用玻璃棉及其制品Class wool and their products for thermal insulation建筑构件稳态热传递性质的测定标定和防护热箱法Building element--Determination of steady-state thermal transmission properties—Calibrated and guarded hot box先张法预应力混凝土管桩 Pretensioned spun concrete piles建筑密封材料试验方法 Test method for building sealants矿物棉制品压缩性能试验方法Test method for measuring compressive properties of mineral wool products烧结多孔砖 Fired perforated bricks烧结空心砖和空心砌块 Fired hollow bricks and blocks钢渣矿渣水泥 Steel and iron slag cement道路硅酸盐水泥 Portland cement for road天然饰面石材术语 T erms for natural facing stone建筑饰面材料镜向光泽度测定方法Test methods of specular gloss for decorative building materials缠绕式垫片试验方法 Test methods for spiral wound gaskets玻璃纤维增强聚酯波纹板Glass fiber reinforced polyester corrugated panels夹层结构或芯子吸水性试验方法Test method for water absorption of sandwich constructions or cores纺织玻璃纤维无捻粗纱棒状复合材料弯曲强度的测定Textile glass--Rovings--Determination of flexural strength of rod composites纺织玻璃纤维无捻粗纱棒状复合材料压缩强度的测定Textile glass--Rovings--Determination of compressive strength of rod composites建筑密封材料术语 Building sealing material vocabulary硅酮建筑密封膏 Silicone sealant for building建筑用砂 Sand for building建筑用卵石、碎石 Pebble and crushed stone for building石油沥青玻璃纤维胎油毡Fibreglass reinforced petroleum bitumen membrane预拌混凝土 Ready-mixed concrete住宅混凝土内墙板与隔墙板Internal and partition concrete panel in residence轻集料混凝土小型空心砌块Lightweight aggregate concrete small hollow block农房混凝土配套构件 Complete sets of rural-housing concrete elements玻璃纤维增强水泥性能试验方法体积密度、含水率和玻璃纤维含量Test methods for the properties of glass fibre reinforced cement--The volume density, water content and glass fibre content玻璃纤维增强水泥性能试验方法抗压强度 Test methods for the properties of glass fibre reinforced cement--The compressive strength玻璃纤维增强水泥性能试验方法抗弯性能 Test methods for the properties of glass fibre reinforced cement--The flexural properties玻璃纤维增强水泥性能试验方法抗拉性能 Test methods for the properties of glass fiber reinforced cement--The properties ofdirect tension玻璃纤维增强水泥性能试验方法抗冲击性能Test methods for the properties of glass fibre reinforced cement--The properties of impact resistance预应力混凝土输水管检验方法Inspection methods of prestressed concrete pipes for waterGB .- 饰面型防火涂料防火性能分级及试验方法防火性能分级Classification and test methods for fire retardancy of finishing fire retardant paints-- Classication for fire retardancy饰面型防火涂料防火性能分级及试验方法大板燃烧法Classification and test methods for fire retardancy of finishing fire retardant paints-- Big panel method饰面型防火涂料防火性能分级及试验方法隧道燃烧法Classification and test methods for fire retardancy of finishing fire retardant paints-- Tunnel method饰面型防火涂料防火性能分级及试验方法小室燃烧法Classification and test methods for fire retardancy of finishing fire retardant paints-- Cabinet method通用型片状模塑料(SMC) Sheet moulding compounds(SMC) for general purposes导电和抗静电纤维增强塑料电阻率试验方法Test method of resistivity for fibre reinforced conducting and antistatic plastics蒸压加气混凝土板 Autoclaved aerated concrete slabs不饱和聚酯树酯增强塑料中残留苯乙烯单体含量测定方法Determination method of residual styrene monomer contents in reinforced plastics based on unsaturated polyester彩色建筑材料人工气候加速颜色老化试验方法Test method for color changes in accelerated weathering of colored building materials钢丝网水泥板 Ferrocement ribbed slab纤维增强水泥及其制品术语Terms of fiber reinforced cement and related products绝热用硅酸铝棉及其制品Aluminium silicate wool and their products for thermal insulation矿物棉制品吸水性试验方法 Test method for water absorption of mineral wool products煤矿井下用玻璃钢制品安全性能检验规范Test of glass fiber reinforced plastic product safety property for coal mining混凝土和钢筋混凝土排水管试验方法 Test methods of concrete and reinforced concrete drainage and sewer pipes硅酸盐建筑制品术语 Terms for silicate building products建筑材料燃烧性能分级方法Classification on burning behaviour for building materials混凝土外加剂 Concrete admixtures普通混凝土小型空心砌块 Normal concrete small hollow block混凝土小型空心砌块试验方法Test methods for the small concrete hollow block玻璃纤维增强塑料冷却塔第部分：中小型玻璃纤维增强塑料冷却塔 Glass fiber reinforced plastic cooling tower--Part : Middle and small glass fiber reinforced plastic cooling tower玻璃纤维增强塑料冷却塔第部分：大型玻璃纤维增强塑料冷却塔Glass fiber reinforced plastic cooling tower--Part : Large glass fiber reinforced plastic cooling towers建筑防水涂料试验方法 Test methods for building waterproof coatings纤维增强塑料结构件失效分析一般程序General procedure of failure analysis for fiber reinforced plastic structural products纤维增强塑料层合板拉-拉疲劳性能试验方法Test method for tension--tension fatigue of fiber reinforced plastic laminates建筑用硅铜结构密封胶 Structural silicone sealants for building农房用混凝土圆孔板Concrete hollow floor slab for ruralhouses低热微膨胀水泥 Low heat expansive cement混凝土及其制品耐磨性试验方法(滚珠轴承法) Test method for abrasion resistance of concrete and its products(Ball bearing method)纤维水泥制品试验方法Test methods for fiber cement products砌筑水泥 Masonry cement水泥的命名、定义和术语Nomenclature, definition and terminology of cement硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥Portland cement and ordinary portland cement水泥化学分析方法 Method for chemical analysis of cement水泥胶砂强度检验方法 Test method for strength of hydraulic cement mortar水泥强度试验用标准砂Standard sand for cement strength test快硬硅酸盐水泥 Rapid harding portland cement中热硅酸盐水泥低热矿渣硅酸盐水泥Moderate heat portland cement low heat portland slag cement高铝水泥 High alumina cement用于水泥中的粒化高炉矿渣 Granulated blastfurnace slag used for cement production高铝水泥化学分析方法Test method for analysis of high alumina cement水泥比表面积测定方法Method of determination for specific surface of cement水泥密度测定方法 Standard test method for cement density蒸压加气混凝土砌块 Autoclaved aerated concrete blocks加气混凝土性能试验方法总则General requirements for test methods of aerated concrete加气混凝土体积密度、含水率和吸水率试验方法Test methods for bulk density, moisture and water absorbtion of aerated concrete加气混凝土力学性能试验方法Test method for mechanical property of aerated concrete加气混凝土干燥收缩试验方法 Test methods for dry shrinkageof aerated concrete加气混凝土抗冻性试验方法 Test method for frost-resistance of aerated concrete加气混凝土碳化试验方法Test method for carbonation of aerated concrete加气混凝土干湿循环试验方法 Test method for wet-dry cycle of aerated concrete建筑材料水蒸气透过性能试验方法Test methods for water vapour transmission of building materials建筑绝热材料的应用类型和基本要求Application categories and basic requirements of thermal insulation materials for building含湿建筑材料稳态传热率的测定Determination of stead-state thermal transmissivity of a moist building material硅酸盐复合绝热涂料Silcate compound plaster for thermal insulation非金属固体材料导热系数的测定热线法Test method for thermal conductivity of nonmetal solid materials by hot-wire method覆盖奥氏体不锈钢用绝热材料规范Standard specification of thermal insulation materials for use over austenitic stainless steel绝热用岩棉、矿渣棉及其制品Rock wool,slag wool and their products for thermal insulation硅酸钙绝热制品 Calcium silicate insulation烧结普通砖 Fired common bricks绝热材料最高使用温度的评估方法Estimating the maximum use temperature of thermal insulation轻集料及其试验方法第一部分: 轻集料 Lightweight aggregates and its test methods Part : Lightweight aggregates轻集料及其试验方法第二部分: 轻集料试验方法Lightweight aggregates and its test methods Part : Test methods for lightweight aggregates油井水泥 Oil well cement天然石材统一编号 Unified catologue for natural stone水泥胶砂强度检验方法（ISO法） Method of testing cements--Determination of strength--ISO :定向纤维增强塑料拉伸性能试验方法Test method for tensile properties of oriented fiber reinforced plastics单向纤维增强塑料弯曲性能试验方法Test method for flexural properties of unidirectional fiber reinforced plastics铝塑复合板 Aluminium-plastic composite panel。
防水材料英文
防水材料英文Waterproof Materials。
Waterproof materials are essential for a wide range of applications, from construction to outdoor gear. These materials are designed to repel water and prevent moisture from penetrating surfaces. In this document, we will explore the different types of waterproof materials and their uses.One of the most common types of waterproof materials is polyurethane. Polyurethane is a versatile material that can be used in a variety of applications, including clothing, footwear, and outdoor gear. It is known for its excellent water resistance and durability, making it a popular choice for outdoor enthusiasts and professionals alike.Another popular waterproof material is Gore-Tex. Gore-Tex is a breathable, waterproof fabric that is often used in outdoor clothing and footwear. It is designed to keep water out while allowing moisture to escape, keeping the wearer dry and comfortable in a variety of conditions. Gore-Tex is also known for its durability and longevity, making it a popular choice for outdoor enthusiasts and athletes.In addition to clothing and footwear, waterproof materials are also used in construction. Waterproof membranes, such as asphaltic bitumen and synthetic rubber, are commonly used to protect buildings from water damage. These materials are applied to roofs, walls, and foundations to create a barrier against moisture, preventing leaks and water damage.Waterproof materials are also used in electronics and electrical equipment. Silicone rubber, for example, is often used to create waterproof seals and gaskets for electronic devices. This helps to protect sensitive components from moisture and ensures that the devices continue to function properly, even in wet conditions.In conclusion, waterproof materials play a crucial role in a wide range of applications, from outdoor gear to construction and electronics. By repelling water and preventing moisture from penetrating surfaces, these materials help to keep people and property dryand protected. Whether it's a waterproof jacket for outdoor adventures or a waterproof membrane for a building, the right waterproof materials are essential for a variety of uses.。
水工程施工的英语
水工程施工的英语Importance of Water Engineering ConstructionWater engineering construction is essential for various reasons, including:1. Water Supply: One of the primary objectives of water engineering construction is to provide a reliable and safe water supply to communities. This is achieved through the construction of water treatment plants, pipelines, and reservoirs that ensure the distribution of clean drinking water to households, businesses, and industries.2. Flood Control: Water engineering construction plays a vital role in controlling floods by building dams, levees, and other structures that mitigate the impact of heavy rainfall and prevent river overflows. These structures help protect communities from flood-related damages and loss of life.3. Irrigation: Water engineering construction helps improve agricultural productivity by constructing irrigation systems that deliver water to farmland. Irrigation systems enable farmers to grow crops more efficiently and increase crop yields, thereby contributing to food security and economic development.4. Hydroelectric Power Generation: Water engineering construction is essential for harnessing hydropower through the construction of hydroelectric power plants. These plants use water flow to generate electricity, providing a renewable and sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels.5. Water Quality Management: Water engineering construction contributes to the maintenance of water quality by implementing water treatment processes that remove impurities and contaminants from raw water. This ensures that water supplied to households meets quality standards and is safe for human consumption.Key Components of Water Engineering ConstructionWater engineering construction encompasses various key components, including:1. Dams: Dams are structures built across rivers and streams to impound water, create reservoirs, and regulate water flow. Dams serve multiple purposes, such as flood control, water supply, irrigation, and hydroelectric power generation.2. Reservoirs: Reservoirs are artificial lakes created by damming rivers and storing water for various purposes, including water supply, irrigation, and recreation. Reservoirs also playa role in regulating water flow and controlling floods.3. Water Treatment Plants: Water treatment plants are facilities that treat raw water to make it safe for human consumption. Treatment processes include filtration, disinfection, and chemical treatment to remove impurities and contaminants from water.4. Pipelines: Water pipelines are conduits that transport water from its source to various destinations, such as households, industries, and irrigation systems. Pipelines are essential for the efficient distribution of water over long distances.5. Canals: Canals are artificial waterways constructed for irrigation, navigation, drainage, and flood control. Canals facilitate the movement of water between different locations and contribute to the efficient management of water resources.Construction Methods in Water EngineeringWater engineering construction involves various construction methods tailored to the specific requirements of each project. Some common construction methods used in water engineering include:1. Earthwork: Earthwork involves excavation, embankment, and compaction of soil to build dams, reservoirs, and canals. Earthwork is a fundamental construction method in water engineering that forms the basis for other construction activities.2. Concrete Construction: Concrete is widely used in water engineering construction for building dams, water treatment plants, and other structures. Concrete construction involves mixing, placing, and curing concrete to create durable and stable structures.3. Pile Driving: Pile driving is a construction method used to install piles, which are deep foundation elements driven into the ground to provide support for structures. Pile driving is commonly used in the construction of bridges, dams, and waterfront structures.4. Dredging: Dredging is the process of removing sediments and debris from water bodies to maintain navigable waterways, improve water quality, and create new land. Dredging is essential for maintaining the capacity and efficiency of water infrastructure.Challenges in Water Engineering ConstructionWater engineering construction faces several challenges that can impact project outcomes and sustainability. Some common challenges include:1. Environmental Impact: Water engineering construction can have significant environmental impacts, such as habitat destruction, water pollution, and disruption of natural ecosystems. It is essential to consider and mitigate these impacts through proper environmental planning and management.2. Funding Constraints: Water engineering construction projects often require substantial investment in infrastructure, equipment, and labor. Limited funding can hinder the implementation of projects and affect their quality and completion timeframe.3. Regulatory Compliance: Water engineering construction is subject to regulatory requirements and standards set by government agencies to ensure public safety,environmental protection, and project sustainability. Compliance with regulations can add complexity and costs to construction projects.4. Stakeholder Engagement: Water engineering construction projects involve multiple stakeholders, such as government agencies, communities, and environmental groups. Engaging stakeholders in the planning and decision-making process is crucial for addressing their concerns and gaining support for project implementation.ConclusionWater engineering construction plays a critical role in managing water resources, providing clean drinking water, controlling floods, and generating hydroelectric power. The importance of water engineering construction is underscored by its diverse applications and contributions to sustainable development. Key components of water engineering construction include dams, reservoirs, water treatment plants, pipelines, and canals, which form the backbone of water infrastructure. Construction methods in water engineering encompass earthwork, concrete construction, pile driving, and dredging, among others, tailored to project requirements. Despite facing challenges such as environmental impact, funding constraints, regulatory compliance, and stakeholder engagement, water engineering construction continues to be essential for meeting water-related needs and ensuring the long-term sustainability of water resources.。
给排水专业英语汇总
U N I T1给水工程 water supply engineering 排水工程 sewage engineering市政工程 civil engineering市政工程师 civil engineer环境工程 environmental engineering 水文学 hydrology水力学 hydranlies水环境 natural aquatic environment 流域 watershed水体 waterbody地表水 surface water淡水 freshwater地下水 groundwater含水层 aquifer天然含水层 natural aquifer 地下含水层 underground aquifer水文循环 natural hydrologic cycle渗滤 infiltration降水 precipitation渗入 precolation蒸发 evaporation蒸腾 transpiration城市水文循环 urban hydrologic cycle水源 water source水资源 water resource取水 water withdrawal水处理 water treatment配水 water distribution用水 water use污水 sewage废水 wastewater废水收集 wastewater collection废水处理 wastewater disposal受纳水体 receiving waters污染 pollution pollute污染物 pollutant玷污、污染 contamination致污物 contaminant未污染 uncontaminated水污染 water pollution水污染控制 water pollution control水污染防治 water pollution prevention污水回用 wastewater reuseUNIT 2水短缺 water scarcity地表水资源 surface water resource管网 Pipe Network供水系统 water supply system市政配水系统 municipal distribution system建筑给水系统house water supply system 分区供水系统 dual distribution system 小区 micro district小社区 small community冷水供水系统 cold water supply system 热水供水系统 hot water supply system 消防系统 fire protection system喷淋系统fire protection sprinkler system自动水幕系统 automatic drencher system 半自动水幕系统semi automatic drencher system 消火栓 hydrant 排水系统 drainage system生活排水系统 sanitary system工业排水系统 industrial system雨水排水系统 stormwater system合流制 combined sewers分流制 separate sewers建筑排水系统 building drainage system卫生洁具 plumbing fixtures卫浴设备 bathroom fixtures输水系统 water transmission system漏水率 leakage rate配水系统 water distribution system环状管网 grid (looped)system支状管网 branching(branched) system下水管道 sanitary sewer污水节流管 intercepting(中间截取)sewer污水节流系统intercepting sewersystem污水节流井 sewage intercepting well支管 collection (目的：收集)sewercollector sewer生活污水 sanitary sewagedomestic sewagedomestic wastewater工业污水 industrial wastewater工业污水/液/物 industrial wastes农业用水agriculturalwastewater/wastes雨水 rainwater stormwater水位 waterlevel海拔、标高 elevation坡度 grade倾斜度 slope明渠 Open channel开挖 ex cava tion深度 excavation depth水力分析 hydraulic analysis水头 pressure head总水头 total headUnit 3水头损失 Head loss速度头动压头 Velocity head静压 Static head摩擦水头 Friction head水力坡度线 Hydranlic grade line 重力流 Gravity flow水塔 Water castle 贮水箱 Cistern泵站 Pump station给水泵站 Water pump station污水泵站 Sewage station提升泵站 Lift pumping plant增压泵 Booster pump离心泵 Centrifugal pump潜水泵 Submer sible pump潜水艇 Submerine深井泵 Well pump虹吸虹吸管 Siphon人孔 Manhole法兰 Flange阀门 Valve闸阀 Gate valve泵送系统 Pumping system流量 Flow rate流速 Fluid velocity层流 Laminar flow滞流粘性流 viscous flow过渡流 Transitional flow湍流 Turbulent flow紊流 Turbulence flow涡流 Eddying flow雷诺数 Teynolds number水质 Water guality水源 Water sources供水水源 Water supples原水 Raw water未处理水 Untreated water出水 Finished water原水水质 Raw-water quality水质标准 Water quality standards水质要求 Water quality requirements饮用水 Drink water\potable water自来水 Tap water纯水 Pure water饮用水标准 Drinking water standards饮用水一级标Primary drinking water standards最大允许浓度 Maxmum permissible levelsmaxmum allowable levels最大污染物浓度Maxmum contaminant levels主要污染物 Primary contaminants有机化合物 Organic chemicals合成有机化合物Synthetic organic chemicals 挥发性有机化合物Volatile organicohemicals无机化合物 Inorganic chemical微生物 Micro organisms\microbes微生物污染 Microbial contaminants病原微生物 Pathogenic micro organisms病原体 Pathogenic病毒 Pathogenic bacterin细菌 Bacteria大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria病毒 Viruses藻类 Algae浊度 Turbidity放射性 Radionuclide感官性状 Esthetic qualities审美 Esthetic味 Taste嗅 Odo色 Colour变色 Discolouration变色 Discolor水质物理参数 Physical parameters of waterquality水的物理性质 Physical quality of water浊度值 Turbidity values浊度单位 Turdidity unit浑浊单位 Turdid嗅阈值 Threshold odor number化学性质 Chemical quality水质化学参数Chemical parameters of waterquality溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧浓度 Do level 溶解氧平衡 Do balance 氧损 Oxygen depletion 有机污染物 Organic pollutant生化需氧量 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)总氮 Total nitrogen (TN)总凯式氮 Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)悬浮固体 Suspended solids (SS)总悬浮固体 Total suspended solids (TSS) 溶解 Dissolved (DS)总溶解 Total dissolved (TDS)Unit 4溶解的铁和锰 Dissolved iron and manganese硬度 Hardness 碱度 Alkalinity 盐度 Salinity有害物质 Toxic and hazardous materials 氰化物 Cyanides 急性毒性 Acute toxity 慢性毒性 Chronic toxity基因毒性 Genetic toxicity 基因 Gene难降解有机化合物 Refractory organic chemicals 永久性有机污染物 Persistent organic pollutants致癌化学性 Carcinogenic chemicals三卤甲烷 Trihalo methanes 卤素 Halogen甲基 Methyl氯仿 Trichloromethane 三氯甲烷 Chloroform杀虫剂 农药 Pesticide害虫 Pest杀虫剂 Insecticide 除草剂 Herbicide 杀菌剂 Germicide 细菌 Germ防腐剂 Preservative保证 Preserve清洗剂 Cleaning agent 洗涤剂 Detergent 发泡剂 Foaming agent 泡沫 Foam 化肥 Fertilizer肥沃的 Fertile富营养化 Eutrophication营养的 Trophic营养水平 Trophic level生态位 NicheUnit 5原污水 Raw sewage原废水 Raw wastes处理水 Treated wastes回用水 Redaimed water水处理过程 Water processing 收集 Collect处置 Dispose处理方法 Treatment method 处理费用 Treatment costs处理单元 Treatment process 运行模式 Operational mode间歇处理方式 Batch treatment approach均匀均化 Equalization均匀 Equalize调蓄水池 Equalization storage调节池 Equalization tank蓄水池 Storage tank降解 Degrade分解 Decompose分离 Separate隔离 Separation物理法 Physical process物理处理 Physical treatment物理处理过程 Physical treatment process一级处理 Primary treatment初步处理 Preliminary treatment格栅筛滤 Screening格栅 Screen格栅 Bar screen栅条 Bars钢栅条 Steel bars渣耙 Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机 Circular grinder破碎 Grind除砂 Degritting砂 Grit沙 Sand除砂 Grit removal沉砂池 Grit chamber沉淀 Settling沉淀池 Settling tank澄清池 Clarifier初澄清池 Primary clarifier初沉池 Primary settling tank一级出水 Primary effluent二级处理 Secondary treatment二级处理工艺Secondary treatment process生物处理 Biological treatment二澄清池 Secondary clarifier二沉池 Secondary settling tank最终澄清池 Final clarifier最终沉淀池 Final settling tank二级出水 Secondary effluent三级处理 Tertiary treatment深度处理 Advanced treatment废水消毒 Waste disinfection出流出水 Effluent flow 允许浓度 Allowable levels优异出水 High-quality polished effluent废水处理厂 Wastewater treatment plant污水处理厂 Sewage treatment plant二级处理厂 Secondary treatment plant城市污水处理Municipal wastewater treatment市政工程 Municipal engineering土木工程 Civil engineering城市污水处理厂Municipal wastewater treatmentplant污水处理能力 Sewage treatment capacity电容 Capacitance污水处理设施Municipal treatmentfacilities多反应器设施 Multi-reactor facility处理池 Treatment tank负荷 Load负荷 Loadings水力负荷 Hydrautic loading污染负荷 Pollutant load有机负荷 Organic load无机负荷 Inorganic load不含化肥、农药无机的 Unorganic周期性负荷Periodic(intermitlent)loading第五部分：物化处理1．混凝 n. coagulation混凝过程 coagulation process化学混凝 chemical coagulation凝聚 n. aggregation絮凝 n. flocculationv. flocculate异向絮凝 perikinetic flocculation同向絮凝 orthokinetic flocculation 混凝剂 n. coagulant混凝剂投量 coagulant dosage烧杯实验 jar test最佳混凝剂投量optimum coagulant dosage助凝剂 coagulant aid助凝剂 flocculation aid聚电解质 n. polyelectrolytes快速混合 flash-mix ,rapid-mix快速混合器 flash mixer ,rapid mixer混合池 mixer tank快速混合池 flash-mix tank絮凝器 n. flocculator絮凝池 flocculation tank固体接触池 solids-contact tank澄清 n. clarificationv. clarify澄清池 n. clarifier高负荷澄清池 high rate clarifier澄清水 clarifying water2．沉淀 n. sedimentation沉降 n. sedimentation自由沉降 plain settling拥挤沉降 hindered settling重力沉降 gravity settling沉淀池 settling tank沉淀池，沉降池 sedimentation tank矩形沉淀池 rectangular settling tank圆形沉淀池 circular settling tank管式沉淀池 tube settler斜管沉淀池steeply inclined tubesettler板式沉淀池 parallel-plate settler板式沉淀池 plate separator气浮 n. floatation泡沫分离 foam separation溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation气浮池 floatation tank表面撇渣装置 surface-skimming device撇去 v. skim浮渣 n. scum浮渣槽 scum trough刮泥机 sludge scraper排泥 sludge drawoffsludge withdrawal预沉淀 n. presedimentation预沉淀池 presedimentation basin 3．过滤 n. filtration滤池 n. filter慢滤池 slow filter快滤池 rapid filter高速（负荷）滤池 high rate filter 砂滤池 sand filter慢砂滤池 slow sand filter快砂滤池 rapid sand filter重力滤池 gravity filter压力滤池 pressure filter过滤介质，滤料 filter medium 石英砂 silica sand无烟煤 n. anthracite硅藻土 diatomaceous earth煤—砂滤床 coal-sand beds多层滤料 multilayered media混合滤料 mixed media双层滤料滤池 dual media filter双层滤池 two-layer filter粗滤料 coarse media细滤料 fine media助滤剂 filter aid滤后水，滤出水 filtered water滤后水，滤池出水 filter effluent滤前水，滤池进水 filter influent浊度穿透 turbidity breakthrough过滤周期 filter cycle清洗周期 cleaning cycle刮砂法 scraping method表面刮砂 surface scraping反冲洗 backwashing水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwashing水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwash水力分级 hydraulic grading4．消毒 n. disinfectionv. disinfect消毒剂 n. disinfectantdisinfection agent杀菌剂 n. germicide消毒过程 disinfection process消毒副产物 disinfection by-products氯化 n. chlorinationv. chlorinate氯化水 chlorinated water预氯化 n. prechlorination氯化消毒副产物by-products of chlorination化学消毒剂 chemical disinfectants液氯 liquid chlorine ,liquefied chlorine氯胺 n. chloramines次氯酸盐 hypochlorites次氯酸钠 sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯 chlorine dioxide臭氧 n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒 n. ozonation臭氧化 v. ozonate紫外线(UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV)伽马射线 gamma radiation灭活 n. inactivationv. inactivate接触时间 contact time需氯量 chlorine demand加氯量，投氯量 chlorine dosage ,applied chlorine自由氯，游离氯 free chlorine ,free available chlorine化合氯 combined chlorine剩余保护 residual protection余氯 residual chlorine余氯量 chlorine residual自由余氯 free residual chlorine自由氯余量 free chlorine residual化合余氯 combined residual chlorine化合氯余量combined chlorineresiduals折点氯化（法） breakpoint chlorination折点氯化曲线 breakpoint chlorinationcurve折点加氯量 breakpoint dosage氯折点 chlorine breakpoint压力钢瓶 pressured steel cylinder臭氧发生器 ozone generator需臭氧量 ozone demand剩余臭氧量 ozone residual剩余臭氧 residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathogenic microorganisms病原体 n. pathogens致病细菌或病毒 pathogenic bacteriaor viruses细菌 n. bacteria大肠杆菌 coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌 amoebic cysts孢子，芽孢 n. spores病毒 n. viruses藻类 n. algae原生动物 n. protozoa5．氧化 n. oxidation还原 n. reduction氧化剂 n. oxidant强氧化剂 strong oxidizing agent高级氧化法 (AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化工艺 (AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化过程 (AOP) advanced oxidationprocess高级氧化技术 (AOT)advanced oxidation technology6．吸附 n. adsorption活性炭 (AC) activated carbon粉末炭 (PAC) powdered activated carbon粒状炭(GAC) granular activatedcarbon颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activatedcarbon活性炭纤维(ACF) activated carbonfiber再生 n. regenerationv. regenerate吸附剂 n. adsorbent吸附质 n. adsorbate吸附塔，吸附柱 adsorption column吸附床 adsorption bed空床接触时间 empty bed contact time吸附带 mass transfer zone快速小柱试验 rapid small scale columntest生物活性炭 (BAC) biological activatedcarbon7．离子交换 n. ion exchange离子交换树脂 ion exchange resin离子交换器 ion exchanger离子交换柱 ion exchange column硬度 n. hardness除硬 hardness removal软化 n. softeningv. soften化学软化 chemical softening沉淀软化 precipitation softening除盐，脱盐 n. desaltinationv. desalt去矿化 n. demineralizationv. demineralize离子交换软化法ion exchange softening process离子交换除盐法 ion exchange desalting process复床 combined bed混合床 mixed bed8．膜分离 membrane separation微滤 n. microfiltration超滤 n. hyperfiltration纳滤 n. nanofiltration反渗透 reverse osmosis渗透 n. osmosis半透膜 semipermeable membrane电渗析 n. electrodialysis渗析 n. dialysis9．其它处理方法中和 n. neutralizationv. neutralize酸性废水 acidic wastes化学沉淀 chemical precipitation沉淀软化 precipitation softening电解 n. electrolysis电除盐(EDI) n.electrodeionization吹脱、汽提法 n. stripping冷却 n. cooling冷却水 cooling water冷却塔 cooling tower第六部分生物处理生物反应器 n. bioreactor微生物 n.microorganismsn.microbes微生物种群 microbial population混合群落 mixed communities细菌 n. bacteria原生动物 n. protozoa真菌 n. fungi轮虫 n. rotifers生长 n. growth繁殖 n. reproduction世代时间 generation time生长速率 growth rates环境因子 environmental factors生态因子 ecological factors微生物生长动力学microbial growth kinetics1.迟滞期 lag phase2.对数生长期 exponential-growth phase3.减速生长期 decling growth phase稳定期 stationary phase4. 内源呼吸阶段 endogenous stage内源生长期 endogenous growth phase内源呼吸 endogenous respiration底物，基质 n. substrate底物（基质）利用 substrate utilization 生物量 n. biomass生物反应 biological reaction生物氧化 biological oxidation生物降解 n. biodegradation生物降解性 n. biodegradability生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a.biodegradable不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable生物处理 biological treatment废水生物处理 biological wastewatertreatment废水生物处理系统biologicalwastewater treatment system污水生物处理系统 biological sewagetreatment system生物处理法biological treatmentprocess生物处理装置 biological treatmentunit串联 in series悬浮生长处理法suspended-growthtreatment processes生物固体 biological solids活性污泥 activated sludge附着生长处理法attached-growthtreatment processes附着的微生物 attached microbes微生物附着生长attached microbialgrowth生物膜 n. biofilm代谢 n. metabolismv. metabolize稳定，稳定化 n. stabilizationv. stabilize生物代谢 biological metabolism微生物代谢 microbial metabolism 好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌 aerobic bacteria好氧微生物 aerobic microorganisms 好氧氧化 aerobic oxidation厌氧的 a. anaerobic厌氧菌 anaerobic bacteria厌氧氧化 anaerobic oxidation兼性的 a. facultative兼性菌 facultative bacteria好氧环境 aerobic environment 厌氧环境 anaerobic environment 营养物 n. nutrients无机营养物 inorganic nutrients营养物去除 nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrientremoval脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorusremoval生物硝化 biological nitrification硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria生物反硝化，生物脱氮biologicaldenitrification生物除磷biological phosphorusremoval1．活性污泥法 activated sludge process微生物n. microorganisms n.microbes细菌 n. bacteria生物絮体 biological floc微生物絮体 microbial floc活性污泥 activated sludge絮状活性污泥flocculate-bacterialsludge回流活性污泥 (RAS) returned activatedsludge回流污泥 returned sludge回流污泥 recycled sludge剩余污泥 excess sludge废活性污泥(WAS) waste activatedsludge废污泥 waste sludge曝气池 aeration tank曝气池 aeration basin曝气池 aeration chamber完全混合曝气池completely mixedaeration basin活性污泥池 activated sludge tank曝气 n. aeration混合 n. mixing曝气系统 aeration system曝气器 n. aerator压缩空气 compressed air空气压缩机，空压机 air compressor鼓风机，风机 n. blower循环/切换 n. cycling/switchover扩散装置，扩散器 n. diffuser空气扩散装置，空气扩散器 air diffuser 鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器） bubble air diffuser微气泡扩散装置（扩散器） fine-bubble diffuser扩散板 plate diffuser扩散管 tube diffuser扩散罩 dome diffuser微气泡扩散曝气 fine-bubble diffusedaeration微气泡 fine-bubble大气泡 coarse-bubble静态混合器 static mixer机械曝气系统mechanical aerationsystems机械曝气 mechanical aeration表面曝气 surface aeration表面曝气器 surface aerator需氧量 oxygen demand供气量 air supply氧转移效率 oxygen tansfer efficiency可沉降固体 settleable solids挥发性固体 volatile solids非挥发性固体 nonvolatile solids挥发性悬浮固体(VSS) volatilesuspended solids混合液 mixed liquor混合液悬浮固体 (MLSS) mixed liquorsuspended solids混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS) mixedliquor volatile suspended solids污泥沉降比 (SV) settling velocity污泥容积指数(SVI) sludge volumeindex比耗氧速率(SOUR) specific oxygenuptake rate污泥龄 sludge age曝气池容积 aeration tank volume曝气时间 aeration period曝气时间 aeration time水力停留时间 (HRT) hydraulic residence time水力负荷 hydraulic loadingBOD负荷 BOD loading普通活性污泥法 conventional activated sludge process传统活性污泥法 conventional activated sludge process标准活性污泥法standard activated sludge process传统活性污泥厂 conventional activated sludge plant阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludge process分段 v. step进水负荷 influent load分段进水 step loading渐减 v. taper渐减曝气 tapered aeration接触稳定活性污泥法contact stabilization activated sludgeprocess再曝气 n. reaeration曝气—沉淀—再曝气aeration-sedimentation-reaeration完全好氧处理法complete aerobic treatment process高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法high-rate (completely mixed) activatedsludge process延时曝气活性污泥法extended aeration activated sludgeprocess延时曝气法 extended aeration process延时曝气 extended aeration氧化沟 oxidation ditch水平转刷 horizontal rotor转刷曝气 rotor aeration笼型转刷 caged rotor吸附—生物降解工艺 (AB法)adsorption-biodegradation process序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法) sequencingbatch reactor (SBR) process、序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法) sequentialbatch reactor (SBR) processSBR法 SBR process序批式反应器 (SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR)序批式反应器(SBR) sequential batch reactor初沉 primary clarification曝气 n. aeration二沉 secondary clarification初沉池 primary clarifier二沉池 secondary clarifier泵送系统 pumping system活性污泥法 activated sludge process变体 n. variantSBR运行周期 SBR cycle处理周期 process cycle进水阶段 fill phase进水阀 influent valve反应阶段 react phase沉淀阶段 settle phase清水，上清液 clear water上清液 n. supernatant排水阶段 draw phase滗水阶段 decant phase滗水装置 decant mechanism闲置阶段，待机阶段 idle phase营养物去除 nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrientremoval碳源 carbon source硝化 n. nitrificationv. nitrify硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria反硝化 n. denitrificationv. denitrify脱氮 n. denitrification生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺 (A/O法)anoxic-oxic process厌氧—缺氧—好氧法(A2/O法)anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic processA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺anaerobic-anoxic-aerobicprocess脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorusremoval厌氧氨氧化 (ANAMMOX)anaerobic ammoniumoxidation生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal 膜生物反应器 (MBR)membrane biological reactor 2．生物膜法生物膜 n. biofilm生物膜反应器 biofilm reactor生物滤池 n. biofilter生物过滤 n. biofiltration旋转布水器 rotary sprinkler填料 n. packings塑料管状或蜂窝状填料 plastic tubular or honeycomb-shaped packings滴滤池 trickling filter普通生物滤池 trickling filter高负荷生物滤池 high-rate filter塔式生物滤池 tower biofilter曝气生物滤池 (BAF) biological aeratedfilter生物转盘法 biodisc process生物转盘rotating biologicalcontactor生物转盘 n. biodisc塑料盘片 plastic discs轻质盘片 lightweight discs水平轴 horizontal shaft生物粘液 biological slime粘液层 slime layer生物流化床 biological fluidized bedbiological fluidised bed生物流化床反应器fluidized-bedbioreactor移动床生物膜反应器 (MBBR)moving-bed biofilm reactor3．厌氧生物处理发酵 n. fermentationv. fermentate产酸细菌 n. acidogens产甲烷细菌 n. methanogens产酸阶段 acidogenic phase产甲烷阶段 methanogenic phase水解 n. hydrolysisv. hydrolysis产酸发酵 acidogenic fermentation产氢产乙酸 H2-producing acetogenesis产甲烷 methanogenesis产酸菌 acid formers产甲烷菌 methane formers ,methane-forming bacteria有机酸 organic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids硫酸盐还原 sulfate reduction硫酸盐还原菌sulfate-reducing bacteria上流式厌氧污泥床 (UASB)upflow anaerobic sludge blanket上升流速 upflow velocity厌氧折流板反应器 (ABR)anaerobic baffled reactor两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobic biotreatment两相厌氧生物处理 two-phase anaerobic biotreatment产酸相 acidogenic phase产甲烷相 methanogenic phase消化 n. digestionv. digest消化池 n. digestor厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion污泥消化 sludge digestion厌氧消化池 anaerobic digestor厌氧接触法 anaerobic contact process厌氧膨胀床反应器anaerobic expanded-bed reactor厌氧流化床反应器anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor厌氧生物转盘anaerobic rotating biologicalcontactor4．自然生物处理系统自然净化系统natural purificationsystem稳定塘 stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘 oxidation ponds土地处理系统 land treatment systems废水土地处理land treatment ofwastewater净化过程 purification process自然净化 natural purification污水塘 sewage lagoon稳定塘 stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘 oxidation ponds好氧塘 aerobic pond兼性塘 facultative pond好氧生化反应aerobic biochemical reaction厌氧生化反应 anaerobic biochemical reaction厌氧分解 anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解 decompose anaerobically好氧稳定 aerobic stabilization细菌 n. bacteria藻类 n. algae微型植物 microscopic plants出流，出水 effluent flow光合作用 n. photosynthesis厌氧塘 anaerobic pond曝气塘 aerated pond修饰塘 polishing pond熟化塘 maturation lagoon深度处理塘 advanced treatment pond三级处理塘 tertiary treatment pond土地处理工艺（过程） land treatmentprocesses关键因素 critical factors土壤类型 soil type气候 n. climate土地处理系统 land treatment systems慢速土地处理系统slow rate land treatmentsystem低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system三级处理水平tertiary treatmentlevel灌溉 n. irrigationv. irrigate土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质natural filtration and adsorptionproperties of soil投配的废水 applied wastewater垄—沟表面布水ridge-and-furrow surfacespreading喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统 sprinklersystems快速渗滤土地处理系统rapidinfiltration land treatment system渗滤—渗透土地处理infiltration-percolation land treatment快速渗滤 rapid infiltration快速渗滤法 rapid infiltration method过滤作用 filtering action吸附作用 adsorption action地表漫流土地处理系统overland flow land treatment system 地表漫流 overland flow径流集水沟 runoff collection ditch物理、化学和生物过程physical , chemical , and biological processes湿地 n. wetland天然湿地 natural wetland人工湿地 constructed wetlandman-made wetland第七部分：污泥处理、处置与利用污泥 n. sludge生活污水污泥 sewage sludge污泥体积，污泥量 sludge volume原污泥，生污泥 raw sludge新鲜污泥，生污泥 fresh sludge消化污泥，熟污泥 digested sludge混合污泥 mixed sludge污泥处理 sludge treatment污泥处置 sludge disposal最终处置 ultimate disposal填埋 n. landfill污泥减量 sludge volume reduction污泥稳定化 sludge stabilization（污泥）浓缩 n. thickening污泥浓缩 sludge thickening稳定，稳定化 n. stabilizationv. stabilize稳定了的污泥 stabilized sludge调理（调节） n. conditioningv. condition脱水 n. dewateringv. dewater干化 n. drying污泥干化场 sludge drying bed污泥干燥 heat drying干燥器 n. dryer污泥焚烧，污泥焚化 n. incineration焚烧炉，焚化炉 n. incinerator污泥浓缩 sludge thickening物理过程 physical process含水过多的污泥 watery sludge稀污泥 thin sludge处理装置 treatment unit浓缩池 n. thickener重力浓缩 gravity thickening重力浓缩池 gravity thickener圆形污水沉淀池circular sewage sedimentation tank刮泥机 sludge scraper搅拌作用 stirring action底流 n. underflow浓缩的底流 thickened underflow浓缩污泥 thickened sludge出水 n. effluent上清液 n. supernatant溢流 v. overflow堰 n. weir气浮浓缩 floatation thickening溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation气浮池 floatation tank入流污泥 influent sludge污泥絮体 sludge flocs撇去 v. skim漂浮污泥层 floating sludge layer污泥消化 sludge digestion消化池 n. digester消化池装置 digester unit消化 n. digestionv. digest有机固体 organic solids生化分解 biochemical decomposition好氧消化 aerobic digestion好氧污泥消化aerobic sludgedigestion好氧消化过程aerobic digestionprocess活性污泥池 activated sludge tank预制的（成套）活性污泥处理系统prefabricated (package) activatedsludge treatment systems预制的接触稳定或prefabricated contactstabilization or延时曝气处理系统extended aeration treatmentsystemsBOD负荷 BOD loading细胞物质 cellular mass内源衰亡 endogenous decay厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion厌氧污泥消化anaerobic sludgedigestion有盖的圆形池 covered circular tank消化过程 digestion process厌氧消化过程anaerobic digestion process生化反应 biochemical reactions有机酸 organic acids挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids甲烷气 methane gas末端产物 end product指示剂 n. indicator污泥消化池气体 sludge digester gas污泥沉淀 sludge settling污泥储存 sludge storage消化污泥 digested sludge充分消化的污泥 well-digested sludge消化池上清液 digester supernatant中温消化 mesophilic digestion高温消化 thermophilic degestion污泥脱水 sludge dewatering混合堆肥 co-composting污泥处理总成本overallsludge-handling costs第八部分：废水回用地表水资源 surface water resource地下水资源 groundwater resource水短缺 water scarcity回用 n. , v. reuse废水回用 wastewater reuse直接回用 direct reuse直接废水回用direct wastewaterreuse间接回用 indirect reuse间接废水回用indirect wastewaterreuse出水处理 effluent treatment回用水 reclaimed water排放 n. , v. discharge保留 n. retention循环 n. recyclingv. recycle部分处理 n. partial treatment最终用途 end use城市污水回用 municipal wastewaterreuse灌溉 n. irrigation景观灌溉 landscape irrigation地下水回灌 groundwater recharge市政回用 municipal reuse直接市政回用 direct municipal reuse深度处理，高级处理 advanced treatment 分质供水系统dual-distribution system间接市政回用indirect municipal reuse供水系统，给水系统water supply system取水口 n. intake天然同化能力natural assimilative capacity人工回灌 artificial recharge深井注射 deep-well injection浅表布水 shallow surface spreading渗透 n. percolation工业回用 industrial reuse工艺废水，过程废水processwastewaters工艺补充水，过程补充水 plant processmakeup water冷却塔水 cooling tower water选择性处理 optional treatment水费 water costs回用的城市污水reclaimed municipal wastewater工业过程 industrial processes冷却水 cooling water锅炉给水 boiler feedwater灌溉回用 irrigation reuse废水直接灌溉direct irrigation withwastewater低负荷土地处理系统low-rate landtreatment system间接灌溉回用indirect reuse forirrigation废水排放 wastewater discharge雨水回用 storm water reuse可回用水 reusable waterPart Ⅸ: 第九部分：投资成本，投资费（用） capital costs建设成本，建设费（用） constructioncosts运行成本，运行费（用） operating costs能耗成本 energy costs运行维护 operation and maintenance运行控制 operational control控制系统 control system仪表/控制系统instrumentation/control system 自动控制系统，自控系统automatic control system。
施工专业英语2
施工专业英语21（安全帽）帽带chin strap2(表面)漏电creepage3（电缆）夹套（层）jacket4（盖焊缝用）纸胶布paper masking tape5（各专业）工头foreman (all crafts)6（混凝土）加气剂air-entrainment admixture7（混凝土）搅拌运输车agitator truck8（混凝土路面）隔仓施工法alternate-bay construction9（混凝土路面）皮带拖平belt finish10（脚手架）横杆cross ledger11（介质）上游upstream12（介质）下游downstream13（抹灰）刮板screed14（抹灰用）金属拉网metal lath15（水泥）浮浆bleeding cement16（新成员）征招方案recruitment plan17（行车的）大车bridge, crane18（行车的）小车hoist, trolley19（循环水）预膜to build up a passivation film by adding chemicals (pickling & passivation fluid) into the cooling water 20（压缩）气瓶compressed gas cylinder21“O”形环O-ring22A/D（交直流）转换器A/D converter23H型钢H-beam24n股绞合线(电缆用语)n strand erecting solid conductor25n芯电缆n conductor cable26PTFE丝扣密封带PTFE thread seal tape27PVC黑胶布PVC black tape28T形接头T-joint29T型滤网t-type strainer30U形夹clevis31U形弯筋机bulldozer32X射线X-ray33Y型接线star34Y型滤网y-type strainer35安全保卫safety and security36安全促进活动safety promotion campaign37安全带safety harness, safety belt38安全阀safety valve39安全阀校验记录单PRV pop test record sheet40安全工作惯例safe work practices41安全官safety & security officer42安全管理人员safety supervisor43安全会tool box meeting;safety meeting44安全激励safety incentives45安全健康不符合要求safety and health deficiencies 46安全健康意识safety and health consciousness47安全奖safety award48安全教育safety indoctrination49安全竞赛safety competitions50安全镜safety glasses51安全帽hard hat; safety helmet52安全目标safety target53安全深入检查会an in-depth safety review meeting 54安全透明度活动safety visibility campaign55安全网safety net56安全泄压阀relief valve57安全靴(鞋)safety boot58安全预防措施safety precautions59安全员safety officer /supervisor60安全月报monthly safety report61安全栅盘barrier panel62安装installation/erection63安装预留孔erection opening64岸墙bund65按钮push button66按钮搬倒开关rocker handle integral switch 67按钮式组合开关level handle built-up switch 68按区域和工种分类itemized by area and craft 69暗藏插头dip switch70暗缝coped joint71暗沟排水blind drainage72凹坑pit73凹凸不平处irregularities74凹陷valleys75凹形角焊缝concave fillet weld76凹形适配器female adapter77奥氏体austenite78奥氏体不锈钢austenitic stainless steel79八角形金属环连接垫片octagonal ring gasket 80八字盲板spectacle blind81扒料manual take-off of material82把芯子collet body83靶板target plate84靶式流量计target type meter85白玻璃clear glass86白炽灯incandescent tungsten filament lamp87白点fish eye88白钢stainless steel89白光whitelight90白铁工sheet metal worker91白铁皮tinned iron; tin plate92百分表dial gage93百叶窗louver94百叶窗louver95摆动焊道weave bead96摆频振荡器wobulator97扳手spanner/wrench98班长foreman99搬运handling100板材planks101板料导向块stock guide102板条箱crating103板牙pipe machine die104版次revision105半键式联轴器half key coupling106半金属垫片semimetallic gasket107半径radius108半螺纹管箍half coupling109半模拟式报警器semigraphic annunciator 110半园锉half round file111半自动焊semi-automatic welding112伴热heat tracing113伴热管tracing piping114伴热与保温tracing and insulation115拌运车ready mix truck116绑扎钢筋binding reinforcement117绑扎用铁丝tie wire118棒式磨光机die grinder119包边角钢curb angle120包层cladding121包铁工iron worker122包装package123保护气体shielded gas124保护气体流量shield gas flow rate125保护塞或盖protective cap or cover126保护涂层protective coating127保护罩shroud128保冷cold preservation129保卫security130保温insulation131保温钉insulation pin132保温工insulation fitter; insulation worker 133保温模块insulation module134保温时间soaking time135保温毡blanket insulation136保险绳tag line137报警功能alarm function138报警回路alarm circuit139报警桥路alarm bridge140鲍尔环pall ring141爆破膜rupture disk142爆破清洗blast cleaning143爆炸阀blast valve144爆炸焊explosion welding145背垫条backing strip146背压back pressure147本征电导的intrinsical148本质安全防爆栅intrinsic safety barrier149泵pump150泵包pump package151泵坑pump well152泵用马达motor for pump153泵用透平turbine for pump154比例系数块ratio block155比特bit156比重specific gravity157笔式电筒everyday penlight158箅子板grating159壁板panel160壁厚schedule number161壁纸wall paper162壁装照明设施wall mounted lamp163篦子板gratings164避雷保护lightning protection165避雷器arrester166避雷针air termination, lightening rod, lightning arrester, lightning conductor167边界勘测boundary survey168边距edge distance169编组柜marshalling cabinet170扁担spreader beam171扁钢flat bar172便道catwalk173便携式电位仪portable potentiometer174便携式示波器portable oscilloscope175变电所substation176变更revision; change; modification177变更单change order; modification notification178变容流量计variable area flowmeter179变送器transmittor180变送器模拟器transmitter simulator181变速控制器variable speed controller182变速箱 gear box183变形的deformed; distorted184变压器transformer185标尺信号scale signal186标高elevation187标记logo symbol188标记线tag line189标识identification marking; identification tape marker 190标识牌sign board191标识圈带marking tape192标书proposal193标志logo; sign194标准standard195标准检查程序bench mark196标准块basic calibration block197标准蒸汽snuffing steam198表观密度apparent density199表接触器contacts of gauge200表面处理surface preparation201表面夹渣exposed slag202表压manometer pressure203表征码mask204丙酮acetone205丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚塑料ABS= acrylonitrile butadiene styrene206丙烯酸钙处理（化学灌浆）calcium-acrylate treatment207丙烯酸类acrylic208并联磁场shunt field209并列断续角焊缝chain intermittent fillet weld210波特兰水泥混凝土Portland cement concrete211波特率baud rate212波纹板corrugated board213波纹管bellows214波纹管流量计bellows meter215玻璃板加热器glass panel heater216玻璃棉glass wool217玻璃纤维glass fiber218剥落scaling; stripping219铂重整platformer220簸箕dust pan221补偿磁极compole222补偿导线compensating cable; extension wire223补偿式压缩机makeup compressor224补焊repair welding225补漆touch-up226不规则处irregularity227不间断电源UPS:uninterrupted power supply228不漏水的watertight229不锈钢stainless steel230不一致处nonconformance/discrepancy231不圆度out-of-roundness232布胶带cloth masking tape233布置layout234步话机walkie-talkie235步进缝焊step-by-step welding236部分验收partial acceptance237部件component238材料安全数据页MSDS：Material Safety Data Sheet 239材料保管员material cotroller240材料表bill of material241材料代用material substitution242材料订单material order243材料定额norm for estimating material requirements 244材料短缺material shortage245材料请购单material requisition246材料缺口outstanding material247材料统计material take-off248财政部DOT= Department of Treasury249采暖电热器space electric heater250残屑debris251残余氢residual hydrogen252残余粘性aftertrack253仓库warehouse254仓库保管员warehouse keeper255仓库与材料管理人员warehouse and material supervisor 256舱壁bulkhead,257操作工operator258操作技能performance259操作台console260操作装置区operational plant areas261槽drum262槽钢channel（bar）263槽焊slot welding264侧壁未熔合side wall lack of fusion265侧面角焊缝fillet weld in parallel shear266厕所toilet267测高水准仪altitude level268测量工surveyer269测温笔test pen270层间未焊透incomplete inter-run penetration271层间未熔合lack of fusion between adjacent passes272层间温度Inter-pass temperature273叉车fork lift274叉式接线片fork-indent-type lug275插头plug276插销型连接器plug in latch type connector277插座receptacle; socket278查线 line check279查线人员line checker280差示（动）压力计differential manometer281差压变送器DP transmitter282差压压力表differential pressure gauge283差压一次元件dif primary elements284柴油diesel fuel285柴油加氢脱硫GO-HDS: gas oil hydrogen desulphurisation 286缠绕垫片spiral wound gasket287长半径 long radius288长半径弯头long radius elbow289长背帽long back cap290常开或常闭式事故触点NO or NC trouble contacts291常压ordinary pressure292场地yard293场外offsite294超/大尺寸oversize295超级增塑剂superplasticizer296超声波焊ultrasonic welding297超声波流量计ultrasonic flowmeter298超声波探伤ultrasonic inspection299超速跳闸ultra-rapid trip300超限override301超限控制override control302超压over pressure303车间刷漆shop painting304车间制造图shop drawing305撤离方案evacuation plan306沉降settlement, subsidence307沉头锁紧螺丝counter-sunk tapping screw 308沉箱caisson309晨昏启明器twilight sensor310衬垫焊welding with backing311衬里lining; refractory312成本核算管理人员cost supervisor313成本预算工程师cost & estimation engineer 314成股导线stranded leads315承包商contractor316承插焊socket weld317承插接管台socklet318承插口bell and spigot319承压层bearing stratum320承压应力bearing stress321承载焊缝strength weld322承重板bearing plate323承重墙 bearing wall324城市规划city layout325齿形金属垫片solid metal serrated gasket 326翅片式加热器finned heater327充氮保护purging328充氮保护nitrogen purge329充电器charger330充油电缆oil filled cable331冲程stroke332冲击钻impact drill333冲孔punch334冲洗rinse335冲泄阀flush valve336冲子center punch; drift pin337抽检spot check338抽芯机tube bundle puller339稠度consistency340出场move off341出口outlet342出口管线outlet line343出入道路entry road, access road344初（粗）退火black annealing345初馏点dropping point346初凝initial set/ hardening347初期安全灌输an initial indoctrination 348初找正preliminary alignment349除气器deaerator350除雾器demister351除雾器demister352储存storage353储存寿命storage time/ shelf life354处理handling355触电electric shock356触电危险shock hazard357穿孔器drift pin358传动(小)齿轮 pinion359传感器transducer360传送带belt conveyor361船形焊fillet welding in the flat position 362喘振surge363串联磁场series field364串联点焊series-spot welding365窗框window frame366吹灰器soot blower367吹扫blowout368垂直的vertical369垂直度plumbness370垂直偏差vertical deviation371锤钻hammer drill372纯度pureness, fineness373醇酸树脂alkyd374瓷喷嘴ceramic nozzle375瓷砖ceramic tile376磁场magnetic field377磁场(定子)线圈field(=stator) coils378磁粉探伤magnetic particle inspection 379磁力表架magnetic stand380磁偏吹magnetic blow381磁通量flux382磁性测厚仪magnetic gauge383磁滞系数hysteresis coefficient384磁滞现象hysteresis385次级构件secondary member386次梁girder387从动齿轮 bullgear388粗糙roughness389粗集料coarse aggregate390粗砾boulder391促凝剂accelerator392催化剂管catalyst tube393脆化embrittlement394脆性断裂brittle fracture395淬火tempering396寸Ddiameter inch397错边offset398错气阀pilot valve399搭接overlap400搭接标记film mark401搭接带隐藏端的单筋缝overlapping single beading with concealed end402搭接单筋缝overlapping single beading403搭接焊lap welding404搭接接头lap joint405搭接双筋缝overlapping double beading406搭扣toggle407打底焊backing welding408打底焊道backing run409打底焊条uranami welding electrode410打钢印stenciling411打火枪spark gun412打孔器puncher413打了竖向的地面paved area414打磨grinding415打湿wet down416打桩pile driving; piling417打桩机pile driver418打字员typist419大齿轮bull gear420大风high wind421大管large bore422大理石marble423大体积混凝土bulk concrete424大小法兰reducing flange425大小头reducer426带调整片（柄）防松垫圈tab lock washer427带极堆焊strip surfacing428带锯band saw429带上翻透镜焊接护罩welding helmet with flip-up lens 430单壁单影SWSI(single wall single image)431单道焊single-pass welding432单轨梁monorail beam433单机试运solo test run434单机试运mono test-run435单级卧式泵singlestage horizontal pump436单面点焊indirect spot welding437单面焊welding by one side438单面坡口single groove439单位工程unit project440单线图isometric441单线图single line diagram442单向阀check valve443单项工程item project444单氩气瓶小推车single argon cylinder trolley445弹簧垫圈spring washer446弹簧吊架spring hanger447弹性模数modulus of elasticity448弹性体elastomeric449氮气密封nitrogen gas seal450挡板支架stopper451挡风墙break wind452挡块stop453挡木chock log454挡泥板splashboard455挡棚shelter456挡水（泥）板shield457挡土墙（板）bulkhead, retaining wall 458刀片式熔断器knife blade type fuse 459导电性测量探头conductivity probe 460导电嘴wire guide461导阀pilot valve462导管conduit; tremie463导管conduit464导管接头condulet465导链chain block466导流叶片guide vane467导体conductor468导线管短管conduit stub-up469导线通道wireway470导线载流量wire ampacity471导向支架guide support472导压管tubing473导压管大小头tubing reducer474导压管活接头tubing union475导压管三通tubing tee476导压管弯通tubing bend477导压管弯头tubing elbow478导桩guide pile479倒扳开关tumbler switch480倒车警报reversing alarm481倒角chamfer482倒链chain block483捣实rodding484到货为散件delivered as bulk materials485到货验收receiving inspection486道路roadway487等百分比流量特性equal percentage flow characteristics 488等离子（切割）机plasma machine489等离子弧堆焊plasma arc surfacing490等离子弧焊plasma arc welding491等离子弧切割plasma cutting492等效管径equivalent line size493低尘低毒焊条low-fume and harmfulness electrode 494低氢型焊条low hydrogen type electrode495低温泵cryogenic pump496低压接线low voltage wiring497低压控制接线low voltage control wiring498堤岸bulkhead, bank, embankment, bund499滴瘤abrupt ridges500滴水孔weep hole501底板base plate502底层焊条uranami welding electrode503底漆primer; prime paint504底座footing; skid505底座圈base ring506地板floor507地磅坑truck scale pit508地沟gutter509地脚螺栓anchor bolt510地脚螺栓anchor bolt511地漏drain funnel ; floor drain512地面aboveground513地面穿孔ground penetration514地面以下belowgrade515地坪grade516地上 aboveground517地毯rug/carpeting518地毯板条carpet strip519地下管道underground piping; underground line 520地下排污underground drainage521地下室basement522地线earth523地质勘测topographic survey524递交文件submittal525点对点检查point-to-point check526点焊spot welding; tack welding527点焊缝tack weld528点焊工tacker529点火ignition530点检查spot examination531点名head counting; roll call532电伴热electric tracing533电池battery534电池柜battery rack535电锤electric hammer536电磁阀solenoid valve537电磁阀solenoid valve538电磁流量计magneticflow meter539电磁起动器magnetic starter540电导式液位开关conductance level switch541电导性conductivity542电动工具power tool543电动机起动电容motor starting capacitor544电动机起动自动变压器motor starting auto transformer 545电工electrician546电焊把electrode holder547电焊把线welding cable548电弧擦伤arc strike549电弧点焊arc spot welding550电弧电压arc voltage551电弧动特性dynamic characteristic of arc552电弧焊arc welding553电弧力arc force554电弧偏吹arc blow555电弧气刨arc gouging556电弧挺度arc stiffness557电弧稳定性arc stability558电弧自身调节arc self-regulation559电火花试验holiday test560电机转子armature561电极electrode562电极滑移electrode skid563电极接触面electrode contact surface564电极头insert electrode tip565电极压力electrode pressure566电极粘损electrode pick-up567电介质加热器dielectric heater568电抗（反馈）电路reactive circuit569电抗（性）的reactive570电可编程序只读存贮器EPROM: electrically programmable read only memory571电缆缠绕机(盘)cable reel572电缆导线管conduit573电缆定位器cable locator574电缆格兰cable gland575电缆管道raceway576电缆架trough577电缆快速接头cable joint578电缆铺设润滑膏剂cable pulling compound579电缆桥架cable tray580电缆束cable bundle581电缆压盖cable gland582电缆扎带cable clamp or strap583电缆终端（套管）cable shoe584电烙铁soldering iron585电流互感器current transformer586电炉heat boiler/electric heater587电气electrical588电气定位器electropneumatic positioner589电气间electric room590电气接线electrical wiring591电气楼electric building592电气施工许可证electrical work permit593电容起动机capacitor motor594电容贮能点焊condenser discharge spot welding595电势降fall-of-potential596电枢armature597电枢(转子)线圈armature(=rotor) coils598电枢铁心armature core599电讯系统telecommunication distribution system600电压调整继电器voltage regulating relay601电源插座power receptacle602电渣焊electro-slag welding603电子记录仪electronic recorder604电子束焊electron beam welding605电子仪表协会EIA: electronic instrument association 606电阻对焊upset butt welding607电阻焊resistance welding608电组温度检测器resistance temperature detector（RTD）609电钻electric drill610垫板bearing plate; pad; filler611垫层cushion course; mat612垫隔圈spacer613垫片gasket614垫圈washer615垫铁shim616垫桩cushion pile617吊车crane618吊车安全载荷指示器crane safety load indicator ,619吊车轨(梁)crane rail; crane girder;crane beam;overhead crane beam620吊车司机crane operator621吊车指挥员crane banksman622吊耳lifting lug623吊杆boom624吊杆davit625吊环螺栓eye bolt626吊架hanger627吊篮cradle /lifting cage628吊索sling629吊装lift630吊装操作工日常检查清单crane operators daily check-list 631吊装带lifting belt; webbing sling632调度coordinator633调合漆ready mix paint634调节变压器regulating transformer635调节阀control valve636调节器regulator637调漆刷blender638调伸长度overhang639调压断电器pressure relief cutouts640调整偏差offset/bias641调直机straightener642调制解调器modem（modulator-demodulator）643掉牌继电器drop-indicator relay644跌落防护fall protection645蝶阀butterfly valve646丁砖header647丁字钢mild steel tee bar; tee648钉书机stapler649钉书机针staple650钉条nailed strip651顶roofing652顶部包边角钢top angle653顶部电气作业over-head electrical service 654顶锻upset655顶锻力upset force656顶锻留量upset allowance657顶锻时间upset time658顶梁header659顶棚ceiling660顶丝jacking screw661定单PO= purchase order662定期检查regular inspection663定时元件timer set664定位焊tack welding665定位焊缝tack weld666定位螺丝set screw667定位器positioner668定位桩alignment stake; guide pile669定压set pressure670定制的customized671定子绕组stator672动臂装卸机cherry picker673动火施工许可证 hot work permit674动火作业hot work675动力阀motor operated valve676动载live load677动作停止安全系统MSSS(motion stopping safety system) 678斗式铲运机bowl scraper679斗型滤网bucket type strainer680杜比（摆锤式）冲击Charpy impact681镀锌zinc plated682镀锌表面返修galvanized surface repair683镀锌的galvanized684镀锌钢galvanized steel685镀锌钢制导线管RGS (rigid galvanized steel)conduit 686端部至端部end to end687端接terminating688端接工具箱termination kits689端接焊缝edge weld690端接接头edge joint691端墙endwall692端子带terminal strip693端子衔接套，接线片terminal694端子座terminal pad695短半径弯头short radius elbow696短背帽short back cap697短管spool piece698短节nipple699短路电刷short-circuit brush700短路过渡short circuiting transfer701断路器breaker702断路器breaker703断续焊intermittent welding704锻钢forged steel705锻压时间forge time706锻制的wrought707堆放场laydown708堆焊surfacing /build up welding709对焊法兰welding neck flange710对焊孔板welding neck orifice711对讲机conversational machine; walkie talkie 712对接焊butt weld713对接接头buttjoint714对流convection715钝边root face716钝锯条blunt back –saw blade717多层多道焊multi bead multi pass weld718多层焊multi-layer welding719多道焊multi-pass welding720多点焊multiple-spot welding721多点凸焊multiple projection welding722多股绞合电缆multi-core twisted cable723多孔管perforated pipe724多丝埋弧焊multiple-wire submerged arc welding 725多芯电缆multi-conductor cable726惰性气体保护焊inert-gas arc welding727鹅颈水嘴gooseneck faucet728额定负荷rated load729额定压力pop pressure730扼流圈reactive coil731恶劣天气inclement weather732恶作剧horseplay733鳄鱼夹crocodile clip734耳塞ear plug735耳塞ear plug736耳轴trunnion737二次灌浆secondary grouting738二次回路secondary circuit739二甲苯xylene740二硫化钼molicote741二氯二氟甲烷致冷剂freon (CCL2F2)742二氧化碳气体保护焊carbon -dioxide arc welding 743发货delivery744发霉mildew present745发证主管部门issuing authorities746阀瓣valve flap747阀衬valve bush748阀杆valve spool749阀杆valve stem750阀帽valve bonnet; valve cap751阀门valve752阀门（杆）行程valve stroke753阀门结污valve clogging754阀门膜板valve diaphragm755阀门内可操作部件valve trim756阀门室valve chest757阀门研磨机valve lapping machine758阀门执行机构valve actuator759阀面valve land760阀体valve body761阀泄漏valve leakage762阀芯valve cone; valve plug763阀芯valve core764阀钥匙valve key765阀滞后valve lag766阀装置valve gear767阀组manifolds768阀座valve seat769阀座valve base770法兰flange771法兰保温盒flange cap 772法兰适配器flange adapter 773帆布canvas774翻边短管stub end775翻边法兰lap joint flange 776翻斗车dumper777翻沫laitance778凡士林Vaseline779矾土alumina780反铲挖土机back hoe781反吹风reverse air blower 782反风流backdraught783反接reversed polarity 784反挠camber785反应器reactor786返水reverse water787返修repair788泛浆bleeding789泛水flashing790方钢square ; square bar 791方解石calcareous spar 792方位orientation793防爆膜bursting discs 794防潮层vapor barrier795防尘的dusttight796防尘面具dust mask797防喘振阀anti-surge valve798防垂杆sag rod799防风林break wind800防风雨weathertight801防风雨棚weatherproof shelter802防腐绝缘测漏试验holiday test803防寒处理winterization804防滑条cleat805防火fire protection and prevention806防火布fire cloth807防火帽spark catch/arrester808防火衣服fire resistance clothing809防火装备fire arms810防溅背板backsplash811防静电static proof812防水标识waterproof marking813防水的watertight814防松垫圈Lock-washer815防烫保温insulation816防烫伤隔热personal protection insulation 817防跳动机构anti-bounce device818防锈膜rust-inhibiting film819防锈涂料anti-rust coating820防雨板flashing821防粘膏anti-seize compound822防撞柱bumper post823房产premises824房基线building line825放空管线vent line826放空线vent line827放气阀bleed valve828放热接头exothermic connection829放样lofting830飞边upset metal831飞溅spatters832飞溅率spatter loss coefficient833非本质安全防爆栅nonintrinsic safety barrier 834非标支架special support835非承载焊缝connective weld836非防爆接线盒non-ex junction box837非金属的nonmetallic838非金属垫片non-metallic gasket839非模拟式报警器Nongraphic annunciator 840非熔化电极nonconsumable electrode841非吸烟区non-smoking area842非线性nonlinearity843非指定吸烟区non designated smoking areas 844非转移弧nontransferred arc845废金属scrap metals846废气exhaust gas847废物及残渣refuse and debris848费用分摊cost allocation849分包商subcontractor850分贝decibel851分部工程sub-unit project852分层lamination853分程调节器split range controller854分程设定值split range settings855分道线lane line856分段多层焊block sequence welding857分段退焊back step sequence858分光镜spectroscope859分解表breakdown860分离器separator861分流shunting862分流流量计shunt meter863分配器distributor864分汽缸distribution drum865分散控制系统DCS: distributed control system 866分析仪analyzer867分析仪放空集管analyzer vent header868分析仪干燥器sample dryer869分析仪盘analyzer panel870分析仪取样管线analyzer sample line871分析仪用气analyzer gas872分相电动机split-phase motor873分项工程sub-item project874分子筛molecular sieve875粉煤灰fly ash876粉线plump bob string877风化weathering878风机fan879风扇fan880风向标vane881风油精essential balm882封底焊道back weld883封顶topping out884缝焊seam welding885扶栏hand rail886氟利昂freon (ccl2f2)887浮浆层laitance layer888浮浆皮laitance889浮筒displacer; float drum890浮筒液位计level displacer891浮子液位传送器buoyancy level transmitter 892福利设施welfare facility893辐射加热器radiant heater894辅助泵auxiliary pump895辅助行程electrode travel896腐蚀corrosion897腐蚀余量corrosion allowance898负迁移elevated zero setting ; span suppression 899附加费用fringe benefit900附着力tinctorial power901复式搅拌机tandem mixer902副产品by-product903富锌底漆zinc-rich primer904赋值assignment905腹板web906腹杆web member907覆面cladding908改锥screw driver909盖面capping910概算定额norm for preliminary estimates911概要summary912干打垒beaten-cob construction913干负侧支管a dry leg on the minus side914干膜测厚仪dry film gauge915干膜厚度DFT= dry film thickness916干气密封dry gas seal917干涂层厚度dry coating thickness918干燥剂desiccant919干燥器drier920干燥设备drying equipment921干燥时间drying time922感应电压方向direction of induced voltage923钢U型卡steel clavis924钢板吊装抱卡plate lifting clamp925钢波纹管corrugated steel pipe926钢吊架steel hanger927钢化玻璃armored glass928钢结构steel structural929钢结构油漆委员会SSPC: Steel Structure Painting Council 930钢筋rebar: reinforcing bar931钢筋保护帽rebar protective cap932钢筋定位间隔块bar spacer933钢筋工rebar worker934钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete935钢筋混凝土结构地面板floor slab936钢筋混凝土学会（美）CRSI= concrete reinforcing steel institute937钢筋笼cage of reinforcement938钢筋切断机bar cutter939钢筋弯曲机angle bender940钢卷尺steel tape941钢立筋(龙骨)steel stud942钢梁抱卡beam clamp943钢坯steel billet944钢丝锯keyhole saw945钢丝钳wire cutter946钢丝绳wire rope947钢丝刷wire brush948钢丝刷手工（除锈）hand wire brushing949钢丝网wire mesh; woven wire; woven-wire fabric 950钢丝网学会WRI: Wire Reinforcement Institute 951钢印stamp; stencile952高弹材料elastomeric953高空作业high work/ elevated work954高炉矿渣blast furnace slag955高密度聚乙烯HDPE: high-density polyethylene 956高频电阻焊H.F. resistance welding957高位油箱over-head tank958高温计pyrometers959阁楼式顶棚penthouse960隔板bulkhead, partition plate961隔仓式挡土墙bin-wall962隔断partition963隔离缸isolating drum964隔离圈spacer965隔离隙isolating gap966隔膜阀diaphragm valve967隔膜阀diaphragm valve968隔热thermal insulation969隔热毡blanket insulation970隔声板acoustical barrier/block971隔粘剂bond breaker972个人劳动保护设备personal protective equipment973铬钼钢Chro-molly; chrome nickle steel974根部凹陷concave root surface（suck-up）; root concavity 975根部半径root radius976根部焊道root pass977根部间隙root gap978根部未焊透incomplete root penetration979更衣室locker room980更正correction981工长foreman982工厂风plant air983工厂工程建设私人有限公司PEC: Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd984工程量表bill of quantities985工程设计engineering986工程师engineer987工地食堂canteen988工件workpiece989工匠tradesman/craftsman990工具tool991工具箱tool box992工业纯industrial class993工业废水industrial wastewater994工艺参数process parameter995工艺控制计算机PCC（process control computer）996工艺流程图PEFS: Process Engineering Flow Scheme997工艺水平workmanship998工种trade;discipline999工装卡具construction devices1000工字钢I beam1001工字梁腹web1002工作范围scope of work1003工作服working uniform1004工作负荷极限working load limit1005工作划分work demarcation1006工作量work volume1007工作平台working platform, catwalk1008工作台Bench; worktop1009工作行程operational stroke1010工作许可证work permit1011工作执行work execution1012弓形锯hacksaw1013公差tolerance1014公称尺寸nominal dimensions1015公司内部安全培训in-house safety training1016公司内部程序in-house company procedure1017公用事业utility1018公用事业流程图UEFS: utility engineering flow scheme 1019公子与母子male and female1020功率恢复透平power recovery turbine1021攻丝tap1022供水water supply1023供油管oil supply pipe1024拱梁arch beam1025勾缝pointing1026沟trench1027沟边挡板ground guide1028钩环shackle1029构件member1030估算工料takeoff1031箍筋stirrup1032骨料 aggregate1033鼓包sags1034鼓风机blower1035固定端子架mounting rails for terminals 1036固定防火系统fixed fire system1037固定口field weld1038固定螺母retainer nut1039固定消防设备fixed fire equipment1040固定支架anchor support1041固溶体solid solution1042故障保险fail-safe1043刮油器oil scraper ring1044挂锁pad lock1045关键控制点计划milestone schedule1046管Pipe; tubing1047管道（在线）混合器line mixer1048管道伴热piping tracing1049管道制造商学会PFI= Pipe Fabricator's Institute 1050管定位器pipe locator1051管墩pipe sleeper; sleeper rack1052管工pipe fitter1053管工手套fitters' gloves1054管箍coupling1055管焊piping welder1056管架pipe rack1057管接头coupling1058管接头adapter1059管框架pipe frame1060管理人员supervisor1061管钳pipe wrench1062管式加热器tubular heater1063管托pipe shoe1064管线pipe1065管线复位reinstatement1066管线索引line index1067管支架pipe support1068管柱stanchion1069管状焊丝电弧焊FCAW= flux-cored arc welding 1070管嘴接管台nipolet1071管嘴接管台nipple outlet1072惯性开关inertia switch1073灌浆grouting1074罐tank1075罐安装工tank fitter1076罐的标定tank strapping(to confirm dim check) 1077罐顶包边角钢roof angle ring1078光标键cursor keys1079光电的photo electric1080光滑一致颜色smooth uniform color1081光面smooth finish1082光谱spectrum1083龟甲网hex mesh1084龟裂checking1085规程procedure1086规范code1087硅酸钠sodium silicate1088硅酸盐水泥混凝土Portland cement concrete 1089轨道式自动焊接系统orbitally welded system1090贵重易损设备valuable but vulnerable equipment1091滚板机plate roller1092滚点焊roller-spot welding1093滚轮电极circular electrode1094滚刷roller1095滚涂to be applied by roller1096滚子roller1097锅炉辅助设备boiler accessory1098锅炉故障boiler failure1099锅炉水锈boiler scale1100国家电气规范NEC= National Electrical Code1101国家防火协会NFPA= National Fire Protection Association1102国家建筑金属生产厂家协会NAAMM= National Association of Architectural Metal Manufacturer1103国家卫生基金会NSF= national sanitary foundation1104国家用电安全委员会NESC= National Electrical Safety Council1105过调overshoot1106过度稀释excessive thinning1107过渡段adapter piece; transition section1108过渡接头transition joint1109过梁lintel1110过滤减压阀filter pressure reducing regulator1111过滤面具filter mask1112过滤器Filter; strainer1113过滤器箱filter housing1114过桥crossover1115过热降温器desuperheater1116过热器super-heater。
工程施工常见英语单词
1. Construction - 施工2. Project - 项目3. Engineer - 工程师4. Contractor - 承包商5. Architect - 建筑师6. Supervisor - 监理7. Blueprint - 建筑图纸8. Foundation - 基础9. Column - 柱子10. Beam - 梁11. Slab - 楼板12. Wall - 墙体13. Roof - 屋顶14. Floor - 地板15. Ceiling - 天花板16. Flooring - 地板材料17. Partition - 墙隔断18. Stairs - 楼梯19. Elevator - 电梯20. Door - 门21. Window - 窗户22. HVAC - 供暖、通风和空调系统23. Electrical - 电气24. Plumbing - 给排水25. Concrete - 混凝土26. Steel - 钢筋27. Reinforcement - 砼加固28. Grout - 填缝料29. Trench - 挖沟30. Excavation - 挖掘31. Backfill - 回填32. Foundation excavation - 基础挖掘33. Foundation trench - 基础沟槽34. Footing - 承台35. Piling - 桩基36. Soil - 土壤37. Grading - 土方平整38. Compaction - 压实39. Drainage - 排水40. Drainage system - 排水系统41. Pipeline - 管道42. Pipe - 管子43. Valve - 阀门44. Faucet - 水龙头45. Faucet installation - 水龙头安装46. Pump - 泵47. Electrical installation - 电气安装48. Lighting - 照明49. Socket - 插座50. Cable - 电缆51. Transformer - 变压器52. Generator - 发电机53. Welding - 焊接54. Cutting - 切割55. Drilling - 钻孔56. Grinding - 磨削57. Sawing - 锯切58. Painting - 涂装59. Waterproofing - 防水60. Insulation - 隔热以上单词只是工程施工中常见的一部分，实际应用中还会遇到更多专业术语。
最全给水排水专业英语单词表【范本模板】
abrade [ə’breid] v。
摩擦，磨损accelerated gravity settling ［ək'seləreitid] 回速重力沉降acidic [ə'sidik］adj。
酸的，酸性的adhesion ［əd'hi：ʒən] n. 附着力，，胶粘advanced oxidation 高级氧化advanced treatment 高级处理aggregation [ægri'geiʃən] n。
，聚合，集合体aging [’eidʒiŋ] n. 衰老，老化，陈化air diffuser [di’fju：zə] 气体扩散器air stripping ［’stripiŋ] 空气吹脱,气提alkalinity ［,ælkə’linəti］n。
【化学】碱性;碱度alum ［’æləm］n。
明矾,矾aluminum sulfate [,ælju’miniəm，,ælə'miniəm] ［'sʌlfeit] 硫酸铝amendment ［ə’mendmənt］n. 改善，改良，改正amnio ［’æmniəu] adj。
氨基的anaerobic ［æneə’rəubik] adj。
厌氧的ancillary [æn'siləri] adj. 辅助的, 附属的approach velocity [vi’lɔsiti］行近流速approximation [ə，prɔksi'meiʃən］n. 接近，近似Aquaclude 不透水层，难渗透水的地层aquatic [ə'kwætik］adj。
1. 水的，水上的,水生的；水栖的n. 水生动物,水草aquifer ［’ækwəfə］［'ækwifə] n。
含水层,地下蓄水层auxiliary ［ɔ:g'ziljəri］辅助的，补助的backwashing 反冲洗ballast ［’bæləst］n. 整流器,压舱物，道碴ballasted flocculent settling ［'bæləst] 加重絮凝沉淀ballasting agent ［’bæləstiŋ] 加重剂barr ier ['bæriə] n。
给排水专业英语汇总
UNIT 1给水工程water supply engineering排水工程sewage engineering市政工程civil engineering市政工程师civil engineer环境工程environmental engineering水文学hydrology水力学hydranlies水环境natural aquatic environment流域watershed水体waterbody地表水surface water淡水freshwater地下水groundwater含水层aquifer天然含水层natural aquifer地下含水层underground aquifer水文循环natural hydrologic cycle渗滤infiltration降水precipitation渗入precolation蒸发evaporation蒸腾transpiration城市水文循环urban hydrologic cycle水源water source水资源water resource取水water withdrawal水处理water treatment配水water distribution用水water use污水sewage废水wastewater废水收集wastewater collection废水处理wastewater disposal受纳水体receiving waters污染pollution pollute污染物pollutant玷污、污染contamination致污物contaminant未污染uncontaminated水污染water pollution水污染控制water pollutioncontrol水污染防治water pollutionprevention污水回用wastewater reuseUNIT 2水短缺water scarcity地表水资源surface waterresource管网Pipe Network供水系统water supply system市政配水系统municipaldistribution system建筑给水系统house water supplysystem分区供水系统dual distributionsystem小区micro district小社区small community冷水供水系统cold water supplysystem热水供水系统hot water supplysystem消防系统fire protection system喷淋系统fire protection sprinklersystem自动水幕系统automatic drenchersystem半自动水幕系统semi automatic drenchersystem消火栓hydrant排水系统drainage system生活排水系统sanitary system工业排水系统industrial system雨水排水系统stormwatersystem合流制combined sewers分流制separate sewers建筑排水系统building drainagesystem卫生洁具plumbing fixtures卫浴设备bathroom fixtures输水系统water transmissionsystem漏水率leakage rate配水系统water distributionsystem环状管网grid (looped)system支状管网branching(branched)system下水管道sanitary sewer污水节流管intercepting(中间截取) sewer污水节流系统interceptingsewer system污水节流井sewage interceptingwell支管collection (目的：收集)sewer collector sewer生活污水sanitary sewagedomestic sewagedomestic wastewater工业污水industrial wastewater工业污水/液/物industrialwastes农业用水agriculturalwastewater/wastes雨水rainwater stormwater水位waterlevel海拔、标高elevation坡度grade倾斜度slope明渠Open channel开挖ex cava tion深度excavation depth水力分析hydraulic analysis水头pressure head总水头total headUnit 3水头损失Head loss速度头动压头Velocity head静压Static head摩擦水头Friction head水力坡度线Hydranlic grade line重力流Gravity flow水塔Water castle贮水箱Cistern泵站Pump station给水泵站Water pump station污水泵站Sewage station提升泵站Lift pumping plant增压泵Booster pump离心泵Centrifugal pump潜水泵Submer sible pump潜水艇Submerine深井泵Well pump虹吸虹吸管Siphon人孔Manhole法兰Flange阀门Valve闸阀Gate valve泵送系统Pumping system流量Flow rate流速Fluid velocity层流Laminar flow滞流粘性流viscous flow过渡流Transitional flow湍流Turbulent flow紊流Turbulence flow涡流Eddying flow雷诺数Teynolds number水质Water guality水源Water sources供水水源Water supples原水Raw water未处理水Untreated water出水Finished water原水水质Raw-water quality水质标准Water quality standards 水质要求Water quality requirements饮用水Drink water\potable water 自来水Tap water纯水Pure water饮用水标准Drinking water standards饮用水一级标Primary drinking water standards最大允许浓度Maxmum permissible levelsmaxmum allowable levels最大污染物浓度Maxmum contaminant levels 主要污染物Primary contaminants有机化合物Organic chemicals合成有机化合物Synthetic organicchemicals挥发性有机化合物Volatile organicohemicals无机化合物Inorganic chemical微生物Micro organisms\microbes微生物污染Microbialcontaminants病原微生物Pathogenic microorganisms病原体Pathogenic病毒Pathogenic bacterin细菌Bacteria大肠杆菌Coliform bacteria病毒Viruses藻类Algae浊度Turbidity放射性Radionuclide感官性状Esthetic qualities审美Esthetic味Taste嗅Odo色Colour变色Discolouration变色Discolor水质物理参数Physical parameters ofwater quality水的物理性质Physical quality ofwater浊度值Turbidity values浊度单位Turdidity unit浑浊单位Turdid嗅阈值Threshold odor number化学性质Chemical quality水质化学参数Chemical parameters ofwater quality溶解氧Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧浓度Do level溶解氧平衡Do balance氧损Oxygen depletion有机污染物Organic pollutant生化需氧量Biochemical oxygendemand (BOD)总氮Total nitrogen (TN)总凯式氮Total Kjeldahl nitrogen(TKN)悬浮固体Suspended solids (SS)总悬浮固体Total suspended solids(TSS)溶解Dissolved (DS)总溶解Total dissolved (TDS)Unit 4溶解的铁和锰Dissolved iron andmanganese硬度Hardness碱度Alkalinity盐度Salinity有害物质Toxic and hazardousmaterials氰化物Cyanides急性毒性Acute toxity慢性毒性Chronic toxity基因毒性Genetic toxicity基因Gene难降解有机化合物Refractoryorganic chemicals永久性有机污染物Persistentorganic pollutants致癌化学性Carcinogenicchemicals三卤甲烷Trihalo methanes卤素Halogen甲基Methyl氯仿Trichloromethane三氯甲烷Chloroform杀虫剂农药Pesticide害虫Pest杀虫剂Insecticide除草剂Herbicide杀菌剂Germicide细菌Germ防腐剂Preservative保证Preserve清洗剂Cleaning agent洗涤剂Detergent发泡剂Foaming agent泡沫Foam化肥Fertilizer肥沃的Fertile富营养化Eutrophication营养的Trophic营养水平Trophic level生态位NicheUnit 5原污水Raw sewage原废水Raw wastes处理水Treated wastes回用水Redaimed water水处理过程Water processing收集Collect处置Dispose处理方法Treatment method处理费用Treatment costs处理单元Treatment process运行模式Operational mode间歇处理方式Batch treatment approach均匀均化Equalization均匀Equalize调蓄水池Equalization storage调节池Equalization tank蓄水池Storage tank降解Degrade分解Decompose分离Separate隔离Separation物理法Physical process物理处理Physical treatment物理处理过程Physical treatment process一级处理Primary treatment初步处理Preliminary treatment格栅筛滤Screening格栅Screen格栅Bar screen栅条Bars钢栅条Steel bars渣耙Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机Circular grinder破碎Grind除砂Degritting砂Grit沙Sand除砂Grit removal沉砂池Grit chamber沉淀Settling 沉淀池Settling tank澄清池Clarifier初澄清池Primary clarifier初沉池Primary settling tank一级出水Primary effluent二级处理Secondary treatment二级处理工艺Secondary treatmentprocess生物处理Biological treatment二澄清池Secondary clarifier二沉池Secondary settling tank最终澄清池Final clarifier最终沉淀池Final settling tank二级出水Secondary effluent三级处理Tertiary treatment深度处理Advanced treatment废水消毒Waste disinfection出流出水Effluent flow允许浓度Allowable levels优异出水High-quality polishedeffluent废水处理厂Wastewater treatmentplant污水处理厂Sewage treatmentplant二级处理厂Secondary treatmentplant城市污水处理Municipal wastewatertreatment市政工程Municipal engineering土木工程Civil engineering城市污水处理厂Municipal wastewatertreatment plant污水处理能力Sewage treatmentcapacity电容Capacitance污水处理设施Municipal treatmentfacilities多反应器设施Multi-reactorfacility处理池Treatment tank负荷Load负荷Loadings水力负荷Hydrautic loading污染负荷Pollutant load有机负荷Organic load无机负荷Inorganic load不含化肥、农药无机的Unorganic周期性负荷Periodic(intermitlent)loading第五部分：物化处理1．混凝n. coagulation混凝过程coagulation process化学混凝chemical coagulation凝聚n. aggregation絮凝n. flocculationv. flocculate异向絮凝perikinetic flocculation同向絮凝orthokineticflocculation混凝剂n. coagulant混凝剂投量coagulant dosage烧杯实验jar test最佳混凝剂投量optimumcoagulant dosage助凝剂coagulant aid助凝剂flocculation aid聚电解质n. polyelectrolytes快速混合flash-mix ,rapid-mix快速混合器flash mixer ,rapid mixer混合池mixer tank快速混合池flash-mix tank絮凝器n. flocculator絮凝池flocculation tank固体接触池solids-contact tank澄清n. clarificationv. clarify澄清池n. clarifier高负荷澄清池high rate clarifier澄清水clarifying water2．沉淀n. sedimentation沉降n. sedimentation自由沉降plain settling拥挤沉降hindered settling重力沉降gravity settling沉淀池settling tank沉淀池，沉降池sedimentationtank矩形沉淀池rectangular settling tank圆形沉淀池circular settling tank 管式沉淀池tube settler斜管沉淀池steeply inclined tube settler板式沉淀池parallel-plate settler板式沉淀池plate separator气浮n. floatation泡沫分离foam separation溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation 气浮池floatation tank表面撇渣装置surface-skimming device撇去v. skim浮渣n. scum浮渣槽scum trough刮泥机sludge scraper排泥sludge drawoffsludge withdrawal预沉淀n. presedimentation预沉淀池presedimentation basin 3．过滤n. filtration滤池n. filter慢滤池slow filter快滤池rapid filter高速（负荷）滤池high rate filter 砂滤池sand filter慢砂滤池slow sand filter快砂滤池rapid sand filter重力滤池gravity filter压力滤池pressure filter过滤介质，滤料filter medium石英砂silica sand无烟煤n. anthracite硅藻土diatomaceous earth煤—砂滤床coal-sand beds多层滤料multilayered media混合滤料mixed media双层滤料滤池dual media filter双层滤池two-layer filter粗滤料coarse media细滤料fine media助滤剂filter aid滤后水，滤出水filtered water滤后水，滤池出水filter effluent滤前水，滤池进水filter influent浊度穿透turbidity breakthrough过滤周期filter cycle清洗周期cleaning cycle刮砂法scraping method表面刮砂surface scraping反冲洗backwashing水力反冲洗hydraulic backwashing水力反冲洗hydraulic backwash水力分级hydraulic grading4．消毒n. disinfectionv. disinfect消毒剂n. disinfectantdisinfection agent杀菌剂n. germicide消毒过程disinfection process消毒副产物disinfectionby-products氯化n. chlorinationv. chlorinate氯化水chlorinated water预氯化n. prechlorination氯化消毒副产物by-products ofchlorination化学消毒剂chemicaldisinfectants液氯liquid chlorine ,liquefied chlorine氯胺n. chloramines次氯酸盐hypochlorites次氯酸钠sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯chlorine dioxide臭氧n. ozone臭氧化，臭氧消毒n.ozonation臭氧化v. ozonate紫外线(UV) ultravioletradiation (UV)伽马射线gamma radiation灭活n. inactivationv. inactivate接触时间contact time需氯量chlorine demand加氯量，投氯量chlorinedosage ,applied chlorine自由氯，游离氯free chlorine ,free availablechlorine化合氯combined chlorine剩余保护residual protection余氯residual chlorine余氯量chlorine residual自由余氯free residual chlorine自由氯余量free chlorineresidual化合余氯combined residualchlorine化合氯余量combined chlorineresiduals折点氯化（法）breakpointchlorination折点氯化曲线breakpointchlorination curve折点加氯量breakpoint dosage氯折点chlorine breakpoint压力钢瓶pressured steelcylinder臭氧发生器ozone generator需臭氧量ozone demand剩余臭氧量ozone residual剩余臭氧residual ozone致病微生物，病源微生物pathogenicmicroorganisms病原体n. pathogens致病细菌或病毒pathogenicbacteria or viruses细菌n. bacteria大肠杆菌coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌amoebic cysts孢子，芽孢n. spores病毒n. viruses藻类n. algae原生动物n. protozoa5．氧化n. oxidation还原n. reduction氧化剂n. oxidant强氧化剂strong oxidizing agent高级氧化法(AOP) advancedoxidation process高级氧化工艺(AOP) advancedoxidation process高级氧化过程(AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化技术(AOT)advanced oxidation technology6．吸附n. adsorption活性炭(AC) activated carbon粉末炭(PAC) powdered activated carbon粒状炭(GAC) granular activated carbon颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon活性炭纤维(ACF) activated carbon fiber再生n. regenerationv. regenerate吸附剂n. adsorbent吸附质n. adsorbate吸附塔，吸附柱adsorption column吸附床adsorption bed空床接触时间empty bed contact time吸附带mass transfer zone快速小柱试验rapid small scale column test生物活性炭(BAC) biological activated carbon7．离子交换n. ion exchange离子交换树脂ion exchange resin 离子交换器ion exchanger离子交换柱ion exchange column 硬度n. hardness除硬hardness removal软化n. softeningv. soften化学软化chemical softening沉淀软化precipitation softening 除盐，脱盐n. desaltinationv. desalt去矿化n. demineralizationv. demineralize离子交换软化法ion exchange softening process离子交换除盐法ion exchangedesalting process复床combined bed混合床mixed bed8．膜分离membrane separation微滤n. microfiltration超滤n. hyperfiltration纳滤n. nanofiltration反渗透reverse osmosis渗透n. osmosis半透膜semipermeablemembrane电渗析n. electrodialysis渗析n. dialysis9．其它处理方法中和n. neutralizationv. neutralize酸性废水acidic wastes化学沉淀chemicalprecipitation沉淀软化precipitationsoftening电解n. electrolysis电除盐(EDI) n.electrodeionization吹脱、汽提法n. stripping冷却n. cooling冷却水cooling water冷却塔cooling tower第六部分生物处理生物反应器n. bioreactor微生物n.microorganismsn.microbes微生物种群microbial population混合群落mixed communities细菌n. bacteria原生动物n. protozoa真菌n. fungi轮虫n. rotifers生长n. growth繁殖n. reproduction世代时间generation time生长速率growth rates环境因子environmental factors生态因子ecological factors微生物生长动力学microbialgrowth kinetics1.迟滞期lag phase2.对数生长期exponential-growth phase3.减速生长期decling growthphase稳定期stationary phase4. 内源呼吸阶段endogenousstage内源生长期endogenous growthphase内源呼吸endogenous respiration底物，基质n. substrate底物（基质）利用substrateutilization生物量n. biomass生物反应biological reaction生物氧化biological oxidation生物降解n. biodegradation生物降解性n. biodegradability生物可降解的，可生物降解的 a.biodegradable不可生物降解的 a.nonbiodegradable生物处理biological treatment废水生物处理biologicalwastewater treatment废水生物处理系统biologicalwastewater treatment system污水生物处理系统biologicalsewage treatment system生物处理法biological treatmentprocess生物处理装置biologicaltreatment unit串联in series悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatment processes生物固体biological solids活性污泥activated sludge附着生长处理法attached-growth treatment processes附着的微生物attached microbes 微生物附着生长attached microbial growth生物膜n. biofilm代谢n. metabolismv. metabolize稳定，稳定化n. stabilizationv. stabilize生物代谢biological metabolism 微生物代谢microbial metabolism 好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌aerobic bacteria好氧微生物aerobic microorganisms好氧氧化aerobic oxidation厌氧的 a. anaerobic厌氧菌anaerobic bacteria厌氧氧化anaerobic oxidation兼性的 a. facultative兼性菌facultative bacteria好氧环境aerobic environment 厌氧环境anaerobic environment营养物n. nutrients无机营养物inorganic nutrients营养物去除nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorus removal生物硝化biological nitrification硝化菌nitrifying bacteria生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification生物除磷biological phosphorus removal1．活性污泥法activated sludge process微生物n. microorganisms n. microbes细菌n. bacteria生物絮体biological floc微生物絮体microbial floc活性污泥activated sludge絮状活性污泥flocculate-bacterialsludge回流活性污泥(RAS)returnedactivated sludge回流污泥returned sludge回流污泥recycled sludge剩余污泥excess sludge废活性污泥(WAS)wasteactivated sludge废污泥waste sludge曝气池aeration tank曝气池aeration basin曝气池aeration chamber完全混合曝气池completely mixedaeration basin活性污泥池activated sludge tank曝气n. aeration混合n. mixing曝气系统aeration system曝气器n. aerator压缩空气compressed air空气压缩机，空压机aircompressor鼓风机，风机n. blower循环/切换n. cycling/switchover扩散装置，扩散器n. diffuser空气扩散装置，空气扩散器airdiffuser鼓泡空气扩散装置（扩散器）bubble air diffuser微气泡扩散装置（扩散器）fine-bubble diffuser扩散板plate diffuser扩散管tube diffuser扩散罩dome diffuser微气泡扩散曝气fine-bubblediffused aeration微气泡fine-bubble大气泡coarse-bubble静态混合器static mixer机械曝气系统mechanical aerationsystems机械曝气mechanical aeration表面曝气surface aeration表面曝气器surface aerator需氧量oxygen demand供气量air supply氧转移效率oxygen tansferefficiency可沉降固体settleable solids挥发性固体volatile solids非挥发性固体nonvolatilesolids挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)volatile suspended solids混合液mixed liquor混合液悬浮固体(MLSS) mixedliquor suspended solids混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS)mixed liquor volatile suspended solids污泥沉降比(SV) settling velocity污泥容积指数(SVI) sludgevolume index比耗氧速率(SOUR) specificoxygen uptake rate污泥龄sludge age曝气池容积aeration tank volume曝气时间aeration period曝气时间aeration time水力停留时间(HRT) hydraulicresidence time水力负荷hydraulic loadingBOD负荷BOD loading普通活性污泥法conventionalactivated sludge process传统活性污泥法conventionalactivated sludge process标准活性污泥法standardactivated sludge process传统活性污泥厂conventionalactivated sludge plant阶段曝气活性污泥step aerationactivated sludge process分段v. step进水负荷influent load分段进水step loading渐减v. taper渐减曝气tapered aeration接触稳定活性污泥法contact stabilization activated sludge process再曝气n. reaeration曝气—沉淀—再曝气aeration-sedimentation-reaeration 完全好氧处理法complete aerobic treatment process高负荷（完全混合）活性污泥法high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process延时曝气活性污泥法extended aeration activated sludge process延时曝气法extended aeration process延时曝气extended aeration氧化沟oxidation ditch水平转刷horizontal rotor转刷曝气rotor aeration笼型转刷caged rotor吸附—生物降解工艺(AB法) adsorption-biodegradation process 序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process、序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequential batch reactor (SBR) process SBR法SBR process序批式反应器(SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR)序批式反应器(SBR) sequential batch reactor初沉primary clarification曝气n. aeration二沉secondary clarification初沉池primary clarifier二沉池secondary clarifier泵送系统pumping system活性污泥法activated sludge process变体n. variantSBR运行周期SBR cycle处理周期process cycle进水阶段fill phase进水阀influent valve反应阶段react phase沉淀阶段settle phase清水，上清液clear water上清液n. supernatant排水阶段draw phase滗水阶段decant phase滗水装置decant mechanism闲置阶段，待机阶段idle phase营养物去除nutrient removal营养物生物去除biologicalnutrient removal碳源carbon source硝化n. nitrificationv. nitrify硝化菌nitrifying bacteria反硝化n. denitrificationv. denitrify脱氮n. denitrification生物反硝化，生物脱氮biological denitrification缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺(A/O法)anoxic-oxic process厌氧—缺氧—好氧法(A2/O法)anaerobic-anoxic-aerobicprocessA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺anaerobic-anoxic-aerobicprocess脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorusremoval厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)anaerobic ammoniumoxidation生物除磷biological phosphorusremoval膜生物反应器(MBR)membrane biologicalreactor2．生物膜法生物膜n. biofilm生物膜反应器biofilm reactor生物滤池n. biofilter生物过滤n. biofiltration旋转布水器rotary sprinkler填料n. packings塑料管状或蜂窝状填料plastictubular or honeycomb-shaped packings滴滤池trickling filter普通生物滤池trickling filter高负荷生物滤池high-rate filter塔式生物滤池tower biofilter曝气生物滤池(BAF) biologicalaerated filter生物转盘法biodisc process生物转盘rotating biologicalcontactor生物转盘n. biodisc塑料盘片plastic discs轻质盘片lightweight discs水平轴horizontal shaft生物粘液biological slime粘液层slime layer生物流化床biological fluidizedbedbiological fluidised bed生物流化床反应器fluidized-bedbioreactor移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)moving-bed biofilmreactor3．厌氧生物处理发酵n. fermentationv. fermentate产酸细菌n. acidogens产甲烷细菌n. methanogens产酸阶段acidogenic phase产甲烷阶段methanogenic phase水解n. hydrolysisv. hydrolysis产酸发酵acidogenic fermentation产氢产乙酸H2-producingacetogenesis产甲烷methanogenesis产酸菌acid formers产甲烷菌methane formers ,methane-forming bacteria有机酸organic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatilefatty acids硫酸盐还原sulfate reduction硫酸盐还原菌sulfate-reducingbacteria上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)upflow anaerobic sludge blanket 上升流速upflow velocity厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)anaerobic baffled reactor 两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobic biotreatment两相厌氧生物处理two-phase anaerobic biotreatment产酸相acidogenic phase产甲烷相methanogenic phase消化n. digestionv. digest消化池n. digestor厌氧消化anaerobic digestion 污泥消化sludge digestion厌氧消化池anaerobic digestor厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process厌氧膨胀床反应器anaerobic expanded-bed reactor厌氧流化床反应器anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor厌氧生物转盘anaerobic rotating biological contactor4．自然生物处理系统自然净化系统natural purification system稳定塘stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds土地处理系统land treatment systems废水土地处理land treatment of wastewater净化过程purification process自然净化natural purification污水塘sewage lagoon稳定塘stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond好氧生化反应aerobicbiochemical reaction厌氧生化反应anaerobicbiochemical reaction厌氧分解anaerobicdecomposition厌氧分解decomposeanaerobically好氧稳定aerobic stabilization细菌n. bacteria藻类n. algae微型植物microscopic plants出流，出水effluent flow光合作用n. photosynthesis厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气塘aerated pond修饰塘polishing pond熟化塘maturation lagoon深度处理塘advanced treatmentpond三级处理塘tertiary treatmentpond土地处理工艺（过程）landtreatment processes关键因素critical factors土壤类型soil type气候n. climate土地处理系统land treatmentsystems慢速土地处理系统slow rate land treatmentsystem低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatmentsystem三级处理水平tertiary treatmentlevel灌溉n. irrigationv. irrigate土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质natural filtration and adsorptionproperties of soil投配的废水applied wastewater垄—沟表面布水ridge-and-furrow surfacespreading喷洒布水系统，喷灌布水系统sprinkler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统rapidinfiltration land treatment system渗滤—渗透土地处理infiltration-percolation land treatment快速渗滤rapid infiltration快速渗滤法rapid infiltrationmethod过滤作用filtering action吸附作用adsorption action地表漫流土地处理系统overland flow land treatmentsystem地表漫流overland flow径流集水沟runoff collectionditch物理、化学和生物过程physical , chemical , andbiological processes湿地n. wetland天然湿地natural wetland人工湿地constructed wetlandman-made wetland第七部分：污泥处理、处置与利用污泥n. sludge生活污水污泥sewage sludge污泥体积，污泥量sludgevolume原污泥，生污泥raw sludge新鲜污泥，生污泥fresh sludge消化污泥，熟污泥digestedsludge混合污泥mixed sludge污泥处理sludge treatment污泥处置sludge disposal最终处置ultimate disposal填埋n. landfill污泥减量sludge volumereduction污泥稳定化sludge stabilization（污泥）浓缩n. thickening污泥浓缩sludge thickening稳定，稳定化n. stabilizationv. stabilize稳定了的污泥stabilized sludge调理（调节）n. conditioning v. condition脱水n. dewateringv. dewater干化n. drying污泥干化场sludge drying bed污泥干燥heat drying干燥器n. dryer污泥焚烧，污泥焚化n. incineration焚烧炉，焚化炉n. incinerator 污泥浓缩sludge thickening物理过程physical process含水过多的污泥watery sludge稀污泥thin sludge处理装置treatment unit浓缩池n. thickener重力浓缩gravity thickening重力浓缩池gravity thickener圆形污水沉淀池circular sewage sedimentation tank刮泥机sludge scraper搅拌作用stirring action底流n. underflow浓缩的底流thickened underflow 浓缩污泥thickened sludge出水n. effluent上清液n. supernatant溢流v. overflow堰n. weir气浮浓缩floatation thickening溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation 气浮池floatation tank入流污泥influent sludge污泥絮体sludge flocs撇去v. skim漂浮污泥层floating sludge layer污泥消化sludge digestion消化池n. digester消化池装置digester unit消化n. digestionv. digest有机固体organic solids生化分解biochemical decomposition好氧消化aerobic digestion好氧污泥消化aerobic sludgedigestion好氧消化过程aerobic digestionprocess活性污泥池activated sludgetank预制的（成套）活性污泥处理系统prefabricated (package) activatedsludge treatment systems预制的接触稳定或prefabricated contactstabilization or延时曝气处理系统extended aeration treatmentsystemsBOD负荷BOD loading细胞物质cellular mass内源衰亡endogenous decay厌氧消化anaerobic digestion厌氧污泥消化anaerobic sludgedigestion有盖的圆形池covered circulartank消化过程digestion process厌氧消化过程anaerobicdigestion process生化反应biochemical reactions有机酸organic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatilefatty acids甲烷气methane gas末端产物end product指示剂n. indicator污泥消化池气体sludge digestergas污泥沉淀sludge settling污泥储存sludge storage消化污泥digested sludge充分消化的污泥well-digestedsludge消化池上清液digestersupernatant中温消化mesophilic digestion高温消化thermophilic degestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering混合堆肥co-composting污泥处理总成本overallsludge-handling costs第八部分：废水回用地表水资源surface waterresource地下水资源groundwater resource水短缺water scarcity回用n. , v. reuse废水回用wastewater reuse直接回用direct reuse直接废水回用directwastewater reuse间接回用indirect reuse间接废水回用indirectwastewater reuse出水处理effluent treatment回用水reclaimed water排放n. , v. discharge保留n. retention循环n. recyclingv. recycle部分处理n. partial treatment最终用途end use城市污水回用municipalwastewater reuse灌溉n. irrigation景观灌溉landscape irrigation地下水回灌groundwaterrecharge市政回用municipal reuse直接市政回用direct municipalreuse深度处理，高级处理advancedtreatment分质供水系统dual-distributionsystem间接市政回用indirect municipalreuse供水系统，给水系统watersupply system取水口n. intake天然同化能力naturalassimilative capacity人工回灌artificial recharge深井注射deep-well injection浅表布水shallow surface spreading渗透n. percolation工业回用industrial reuse工艺废水，过程废水process wastewaters工艺补充水，过程补充水plant process makeup water冷却塔水cooling tower water选择性处理optional treatment水费water costs回用的城市污水reclaimed municipal wastewater工业过程industrial processes冷却水cooling water锅炉给水boiler feedwater灌溉回用irrigation reuse废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system间接灌溉回用indirect reuse for irrigation废水排放wastewater discharge雨水回用storm water reuse可回用水reusable waterPartⅨ:第九部分：投资成本，投资费（用）capital costs建设成本，建设费（用）construction costs运行成本，运行费（用）operating costs能耗成本energy costs运行维护operation and maintenance运行控制operational control控制系统control system仪表/控制系统instrumentation/control system 自动控制系统，自控系统automatic control system。
水利水电工程英文词汇
国际工程常用英汉词汇汇编一、基础词汇access 交通agreement 同意、协议allocation 分配、配置approval 同意、批准arbitration 仲裁Asia Development Bank 亚洲开发银行assistant 助理、助手authorize(delegate)授权、委托Bill of Quantities(BOQ) 工程量表civil works 土建工程claim 索赔comment 评论、意见commercial manager 商务经理conditions of contract 合同条件general conditions 通用条件conditions of particular application 专用条件special conditions of contract 特别条件Conditions of contract for Works of Civil Engineering Construction 土木工程施工合同条件construction management 施工管理consultant 顾问contract agreement 合同协议Contractor 承包商cooperation 合作coordination 协作cost 费用cost control 成本控制counterclaim 反索赔demobilization 退场department 部门Designer 设计者drawing 图纸shop drawing 车间图design drawing 设计图as-built drawing 竣工图blue drawing 蓝图transparent drawing 透明图construction drawing 施工图electric works 电气工程Employer(Client/Owner) 业主Engineer 工程师Engineer's representative 工程师代表engineering project 工程项目international project 国际工程overseas project 海外工程domestic project 国内工程equipment 设备expatriate 外籍职员expert 专家export 出口Federation of Civil Engineering Contractor 土木工程承包商联合会formal 正式的hydromechanical works 金结工程import 进口in charge of 负责、主管informal 非正式的Institution of CivilEngineers(ICE) 土木工程师协会instrument 仪器、器械insurance 保险labour 劳务layout 布置leading company(sponsor)牵头公司、责任公司liability(responsibility/obligation) 责任、义务lump sump 总包machinery 机械manpower(human resource) 人力资源Manufacturer 制造商material 材料measure 办法、措施take effective measures 采取有效措施measurement 测量、计量memorandum 备忘录mobilization 进场objection 反对payment 支付plant 设备point of view(opinion) 观点、意见prequalification 资格预审procurement 采购profit 利润progress control 进度控制project manager 项目经理quality control 质量控制request(application) 申请、请求review 审查risk 风险river closure 截流river diversion 导流safety 安全signature 签名site 工地、现场site engineer 现场工程师specification 规格、规范staff 职员Subcontractor 分包商submission 提交supervise 监督、监视Supplier 供货商the International Chamber of Commerce国际商会unit price 单价variation(change) 变更World Bank 世界银行二、工程施工类（一）工程施工-土建类◆开挖与支护（Excavation and Support)明挖（Open Excavation )bench excavation 台阶开挖concrete excavation 砼开挖fault excavation 断层开挖foundation excavation 基础开挖local excavation 局部开挖mass(bulk) excavation 大面积开挖protective layer excavation 保护层开挖rock excavation 岩石开挖slope excavation 边坡开挖soft ground excavation 软基开挖soil excavation 土方开挖structural excavation 结构开挖tooth excavation 齿槽开挖unclassified material excavation 不分类料开挖coefficient of nonuniformity 开挖不均匀系数cutoff trench 截水槽dewatering(drainage) 排水excavation pit 开挖基坑intensity of excavation 开挖强度overexcavate ( overbreak ) 超挖pump sump 水泵坑Underexcavate ( underbreak ) 欠挖underbreak treatment 欠挖处理洞挖及地下开挖（Tunnel and Underground Excavation)a round of excavation 一个开挖循环adit 支洞advance 进尺advances depth 进尺深度breaking hole 崩落孔cushion hole 缓冲孔drift 掏槽bottom drift 底部掏槽center drift 中心掏槽side drift 边部掏槽top drift 顶部掏槽drilling 钻孔driving(progress) rate 进尺率easer 掏槽孔erecting supports for the roof and side wall 对顶拱及边墙进行支护full face excavation 全断面开挖heading and bench excavation 导流与台阶开挖loading and hauling muck(mucking ) 装拉渣loading (charging) 装药perimeter hole 周边孔pilot tunnel 导洞removing dust 除尘removing ground water 清除地面积水shooting the explosive (blasting) 放炮top heading excavation 上导洞开挖ventilation 通风钻孔爆破(Drilling and Blasting) abandoned hole 废孔average hole depth 平均孔深average quantity used in unitvolume blasted 平均单耗blasting result 爆破结果blockness 块度controlled perimeter blasting 周边控制爆破data of explosive filled 装药参数data of holes drilled 钻孔参数delayed blasting 延时爆破exploratory hole 探孔explosive quantity 药量explosive quantity in a sound 单响药量handling misfire 处理哑炮light charge 少量装药loosening blasting 松动爆破pattern 布孔方式distance between holes 孔距distance between rows 排距post shearing blasting 微差爆破prespliting blasting 预裂爆破quantity of holes 孔数smooth blasting 光面爆破延时支护(rock support)expansion shell rock bolt 胀壳式张拉锚杆feature rock anchor 随机锚索feature rock bolt 随机张拉锚杆feature rock dowel 随机砂浆锚杆feature rock reinforcement 随机加固lattice girder 钢桁架、格构大梁pattern cement grouted rockdowel 系统水泥浆锚杆pattern resin grouted rock dowel系统树脂浆锚杆pattern rock dowel 系统砂浆锚杆pattern rock reinforcement 系统加固permanent rock support 永久支护post-tensioned cement grouted tendon rock anchor 后张拉水泥浆锚索rebound material 回弹料return rock bolt 回头张拉锚杆return rock reinforcement 回头加固shotcrete anchorage 喷锚shotcrete with wire mesh 挂网喷砼steel fabric shotcrete 钢纤维喷砼steel rib 钢拱架temporary rock support 临时支护tensioned resin grouted rock bolt 树脂张拉锚杆◆土石料的填筑及碾压施工工序（Working Sequence)backfill 回填blend 混合compact 碾压controlled sprinkling 控制洒水cut the slope 削坡dump 卸料exploit 开采level 整平load 装料moisture condition 水分调节place and spread 摊铺remove 清除replace 重新回填retreat (do the work again) 返工scarify 翻松、刨毛screen and wash 筛分和冲洗take a sample 取样test 测试transport 运输treat 处理trim 修整缺陷（Defects）calcium particles 姜石contaminated material 受污染料declination of the boundary 料界偏差dry 干燥lack of compaction 漏压lump sump 结块muddy 泥泞oversize material 超粒径材料pocket 囊穴seepage 渗流separation 分离shear area 剪力区lens 透镜体其它（Others)bonding surface 结合面byproduct 副产品controlling parameter 控制参数fill placement record 填筑记录frog area 蛙夯区required embankment 必要填方subzone 分区◆混凝土（Concrete ）air-entrained concrete(aerated concrete) 加气砼asphalt concrete 沥青砼blinding concrete 垫层砼cast-in situ(site/place)concrete 现浇砼plastic concrete 塑料砼fibrous concrete 纤维砼first stage concrete 一期砼foamed concrete 泡沫砼high-performance concrete 高性能砼high-strength concrete 高强砼intrusion concrete 压浆砼lean concrete (poor concrete) 贫砼lightweight aggregate concrete 轻骨料砼mass concrete 大体积砼non-fines concrete 无砂砼non-plastic concrete 干硬性砼non-shrinkage concrete 无收缩砼normal concrete 常态砼plain concrete 素砼porous concrete 多孔砼prestressed concrete 预应力砼pump concrete 泵送砼reinforced concrete 钢筋砼roller compacted concrete( rollcrete) 碾压砼second stage concrete 二期砼作业（Activity）clearance(clearing) 清理concretepouring(placement/casting) 砼浇筑curing 养护Membrance curing 薄膜养护moist curing 湿润养护normal curing 标准养护steam curing 蒸汽养护repairing 修理Scabbling (chiping/roughening) 凿毛greencutting 冲毛surface finishing 收面vibrating 振捣缺陷（Defects）bug hole(pitted surface) 麻面cavity 狗洞cold joint 冷缝crack 裂缝deformation 变形depression 坑洼fire-damaged concrete 火损砼formwork shifting(moving) 跑模grout leakage 漏浆（挂帘）honeycomb 蜂窝incomplete vibration 不完全振捣、漏振irregularity 不规则segregation(bleeding) 离析stair(staggered joint) 错台tie rod hole 拉杆孔water leakage 漏水water seepage 渗水外加剂（Admixture）accelerator 速凝剂air-entraining agent 引气剂bloating(bulking /expansion) agent 膨胀剂coring admixture 着色剂early-strength admixture 早强剂gas-forming admixture 发气剂（起泡剂）fluidizer 塑化剂retarding agent 缓凝剂set-controlling admixture 调凝剂super-plasticizer 增塑剂、高效减水剂surface-active agent 表面活性剂water-reducing agent 减水剂accelerating water reducer 速凝型减水剂retarding water reducer 缓凝型减水剂waterproof agent 防水剂指标（Indexes）compressive strength 抗压强度compressive stress 压应力concrete class 砼等级final strength 终凝强度graduation 级配graduation curve 级配曲线impermeability 抗渗性initial setting strength 初凝强度mix design 配比设计resistance to freezing and thawing 抗冻融性shear strength 抗剪强度slump 坍落度specific weight/gravity 比重stability against sliding 抗滑稳定性strain 应变surface finish 表面平整度tensile strength 抗拉强度tensile stress 拉应力thermal stress 温度应力water-cement ratio 水灰比working stress 工作应力其他（Others）acceptance 验收age 龄期aggregate 骨料fine aggregate 细骨料coarse aggregate 粗骨料air pocket 气囊airtightness 气密性alternative 替代物、替换方法apply 应用、施加bending moment 弯矩block 仓号binding strength 黏结强度calibration 标定cement anchor 锚固卷concrete plug 砼塞concrete precast element 砼预制件concrete release sheet 发料单construction joint 施工缝contamination /pollution 污染conversion(reconstruction) 改建coverage 覆盖范围curing agent 养护剂delivery sheet 运料单direct discharge 直接入仓elevation 高程、正视图epoxy mortar application 还氧砂浆抹面existing 现有（存）的expansion joint 伸缩缝facilitate 使容易（便利）gabion 纤丝笼humidity 湿度identity 识别、标记ingredient 成分、配料inspection 检查、验收preliminary inspection 初验final inspection 终验appearance inspection 外观检查intact 完整的、未被触动的inter-tower joint 塔间缝introduce into 将……穿入isolate 隔离laitance 浮浆皮layer(lift)height 层高meet design requirement 满足设计要求moment of inertia 惯性距Pocket (box out/preset hole) 预留孔post-cooling 后冷却post tensioning 后张拉pre-cooling 预冷却pre-stressing 预应力pre-tensioning 先张拉pull-off test 扒拉试验reinforcement cover 钢筋保护层remark 备注section area 截面面积shearkey 抗剪键key groove 键槽shotcrete dry-mix process 干喷砼生产shotcrete wet-mix process 湿喷砼生产simplify 简化simultaneously 同时地spacer 水泥垫块spacing 间距stress concentration 应力集中symmetry 对称technical data 技术参数temperature control 温度控制temperature difference 温差temperature rise(gain) 温度升高theoretical elongation 理论延长量unloading 卸载water stop 止水PVC water stop PVC止水rubber water stop 橡皮止水copper water stop 铜止水watertightness 闭水性winter protection 冬季保温◆模板（Formwok/Shutteringform) erecting(setting up/fixing) formwork 立模Stripping (removing/dismantling) formwork 拆模bond breaker 脱模剂climbing cone 爬升锥dam bracket 大坝支架distance piece 横支撑double-curvature formwork 双曲模板flat formwork 平面模板formwork oil 模板油pigtail anchor 猪尾筋retractable formwork 进退式模板shearkey box 键槽盒sliding formwork 滑模steel form carrier 钢模台车steel formwork 钢模steel waling 钢围令、钢支撑stopend 堵头、封堵模板temporary formwork 临时模板tie rod(form tie) 拉杆tiltable formwork 倾斜式模板vault and invert formwork 顶拱及底拱模板wood formwork 木模◆钢筋（Reinforcement Rebar）distribution bar 分布筋dowel 插筋horizontal bar 水平筋lap length 搭接长度main stress bar 主应力筋overlap 搭接shear bar 剪力筋splice welding 绑条焊接starter bar 起始筋、苗子锦stirrup 箍筋support bar 架立筋vertical bar 竖直筋◆灌浆（Grouting）backfill grouting 回填灌浆consolidation grouting 固结灌浆contact grouting 接触灌浆curtain grouting 帷幕灌浆gap grouting 接缝灌浆gravity grouting 自重灌浆jet grouting 旋喷灌浆multi-stage grouting 多次灌浆pressure grouting 压力灌浆ring grouting 环行灌浆single-stage grouting 一次灌浆工艺过程（Activity）air test 通风试验backfilling of hole 封孔flushing test 通水试验joint washing 洗缝seal 密封soak 浸泡water pressure test 压水试验管路及组件（Circuit and Elements）air supply 风包arising pipe 升降管circuit 回路clamp 卡子cock 旋塞coil 蛇形管cylinder 缸套double nipple 对丝连接套expansion coupling 伸缩节female-quick coupling 内丝快接头fixed clamp 死卡flow rate meter 测量计galvanized elbow 镀锌弯头grout cap 灌浆帽grout cell 出浆盒grout stop plate 止浆片grout valve 灌浆阀inlet pipe 进浆管large radius elbow 大弧弯头main pipe 总管male-quick coupling 外丝快接头outlet pipe 出浆管packer 灌浆塞piston 活塞plug 堵头reducer socket 变径管套return pipe 回浆管tee piece 三通管reduce tee piece 变径三通管swivel-clamp 转卡U-bend U弯头union 活接头ventilation pipe 排气管water supply 水包参数及指标（Parameter and Indexes）consistency 稠度fineness 细度grout take 吃浆量high take 吃浆量大grouting pressure 灌浆压力leakage rate 漏水率Lugeon 吕容mix proportion 浆比pumping rate 泵浆率refusal criteria 排浆标准refusal time 抽浆时间water aborptin 吸水率仪器设备（Plant and Instrument）agitator 搅拌站automatic recorder 自动记录仪chiller plant(cooling plant) 制冷站displancement point 位移点electronic grout flow meter 电子流量计extensometer 变位计flow transmitter 流量传感器foundation displacementindicator 基础位移指示器grout pump 灌浆泵hydrometer 比重计joint meter 测缝计mixing plant 制浆站monitor 监测器osmometer 渗压计pendulum 钟摆portable instrument 便携式仪器pressure gauge 压力表pressure sensor 压力传感器reinforcement meter 钢筋计steel basin 搅拌槽strain meter 应变计temperature sensor 温度传感器terminal station 集线站其他（Others）check hole 检查孔compartment 灌区dense mix 浓浆foundation uplift 基础隆起grout hole 灌浆孔instrument hole 仪器孔primary/secondary and tertiary grout holes 一序、二序、三序灌浆孔spilt spacing 加密灌浆孔距waste mix 弃浆◆测量（Survey）测量方法及术语（Methods and Terms）adjust 校正、调整adjustment 平差allowance 容许误差backsight point 后视点basic point 基础点bench mark 水准点compass 罗盘chainage(station number) 桩号chain of triangulation 三角锁check 校核、对照control point 控制点coordinate point 坐标点datum 基础面datum point 基准点deviation 偏差easily identifiable point 容易识别点error 误差first order triangulation 一等三角测量geodetic 大地测量学的geodetic surveying 大地测量joint survey 联合测量known point 已知点level surface 水准面local triangulation networks 局部三角网national coordination system 国家坐标网observe 观测、监视point to be located 待定点position 定位、位置reconnaissance 选点、踏勘reference point 参考点second order triangulation 二等三角测量set out 放线、放样stake-line 测桩线state plane coordinate system 国家平面坐标系survey point 测点theoretical point 理论点traverse(polygon) 导线（测量）、横断error of traverse 导线闭合差lattice traverse 网格状导线long side traverse 长导线open traverse 非闭合导线short side traverse 短导线traverse closure 导线闭合traverse station 导线点traverse survey 导线测量triangulation 三角测量triangulation network 三角网triangulation of high order 高等级三角网triangulation point 三角点trilateration 三边测量vertical-control net 高程控制网wood pile 木桩角度测量（Angular Measure）azimuth 方位角bearing 方位、象限角buddle 气泡、水准器circle 度盘、圆盘circular bubble 圆水准器collimation axis 视准轴cross-line(cross-hair) 十字丝depression angle 俯角elevation angle 仰角eyepiece(ocular) 目镜field pole(staff) 标杆foot-screw 脚螺栓horizontal angle 水平角mark 标志（明）objective lens 物镜plumb(plummet) 铅垂、垂线sight 瞄准、观测target 目标、瞄准theodolite 经纬仪tranverse axis 横轴tripod 三脚架vertical angle 竖直角vertical axis 竖轴望远镜（Telescope）centering 对中face left 盘左face right 盘右focus 集中、焦点focusing 调焦index error 指标误差inverted position of telescope(reverse telescope)倒镜、盘右normal position of telescope(direct telescope)正镜、盘右optical plummet 光学垂准器round 测回set 套、组station 测站距离测量（Distance Measure）barometer 气压计base line(basic line/datum line) 基线battery 电池EDM(electromagnetic distance measurement) 电磁波测距filter 滤光片、滤波器laser alignment system 激光准直系统laser beam 激光束prism 棱镜range 测程、距离long range 远程medium range 中程short range 短程range finder 测距仪signal 信号spring balance 弹簧称tape 卷尺invar tape 铟瓦钢卷尺高程测量（Height Measurement）altitude/elevation 高程、海拔approximate leveling 近似置平、粗平automatic level 自动定平水准仪difference in altitude(difference ofelevation ,height difference) 高差error of closure in leveling 水准闭合差exact leveling 精平、确置平level 水准仪（测点）level circuit 水准闭合环level shoe 水准尺垫line of level 水准线路national geodetic vertical datum 国家大地高程基准面reduced level 归化高差run back 返测run out 往测three-wire leveling 三丝法水准测量地形测量（Topographic Survey）boundary 边界、界线construction stake 施工标桩contour 等高线contour interval 等高距contouring 绘等高线contour-length method 等高线延长法contour line 等高线control network 控制网detail 细部、详图draw 绘图field 外业fix 固定、确定form line 地形图grid 格网information 注记、资料、情报marginal information 轮廓注记large-scale 大比例尺的latitude 纬度、范围latitude circle 纬圈latitude line 纬线legend 图例location 定线、定位longitude 经度longitude line 经线map 地图、制图mapping 制图、测图、地质素描match line 拼接线monument 标石、石柱object 地物、目标plan 平面图、略图plot 绘图profile 断面（图）、纵剖图record 记录、资料setup 定置仪器site location 定位stake out 放样、定线、立桩symbol 符号、记号topographic detail 地形细部topographic map 地形图◆原形观测观测仪器和设施{Instrumentation and Facilities）air-entraining meter 掺气剂Carlson-type piezometer 卡尔逊式渗压计concrete strain meter 砼应变计convergent point 收敛测点direct plumb line 正垂线earth pressure cell 土压力盒embankment piezometer 坝体渗压计embankment strain meter 堤应变计extended wire 引张线foundation piezometer 基础渗压计horizontal inclinometer 水平测斜仪hydraulic instrument 水力学仪器hydrophone 水听器inclinometer casing 测斜管interface joint meter 界面变位计inverted plumb line 倒垂线micro piezometer 微压计multiple position extensometer 多点位移计observation point 观测标点observation well 观测井optical alignment line 视准线plate strain meter 钢板计pneumatic piezometer 气压式渗压计pressure fluctuation meter 脉动压力计prestressed tendon anchorage dynamometer 预应力锚索测力计rock bolt extensometer 锚杆测力计single point extensometer 单点位移计spiral sensor 测扭仪standpipe 测压管strong-motion seismogragh 强震仪surface monument 表面标点temperature sensor 温度传感器terminal house 终端房terminal station 终端站tilt meter 倾角计time average pressure cell 时均压力计total pressure cell 总压力盒velometer 流速计vertical inclinometer 垂直测斜仪vibrating wire piezometer 震旋式渗压计vibrating wire settlement sensor 振旋式沉降仪weir with micro piezometer 带微压计的量水堰working base point 工作基点zero stress-strain meter 砼无应力计附件及配件（Acessories and Spare Parts）coil 盘绕component 零部件coordinator 坐标仪damping box 阻尼角differential resistance 差动电阻double layer rubber sleeve 双层保护forced centering plate 强制对中盘instrument lead 仪器电缆invar wire 铟瓦丝metal ring 金属环plumb coordinate meter 垂线坐标仪pulley 滑轮regulator 调节器riser 立管sensor 传感器spool 绕轴steel socket 钢底座tablet 药片tensioning weight 张拉重锤thermistor 热敏电阻tip 测头安装过程（Procession of Installation）assemble 组装couple 连接embed 埋设install 安装insulate 绝缘maintenance 维护monitor 监测protection of instrumentation 仪器保护reduce 归纳seal 密封splice 拼接supply 提供test 测试资料（Information）assemble schematic 装配简图certificate 合格证书description 使用说明书maintenace guideline 维护指南manual 说明书operating principle 工作原理operating restraint 操作范围procedure 程序trouble shooting procedure 鼓掌分析程序其他（Others）annular space 环行空间data acquisition 数据采集data recording 数据记录leas drilling hole 引线孔permanent record 永久记录readout device 读数设备saturated 饱和的seepage isolation dike 截渗堤trapezoidal 梯形◆水工常规试验砼原材料试验（Test of Raw and Processed Material of Concrete）骨料（Aggregate）abrasion volume by Los Angeles rattler洛杉机磨耗量accumulated retained percentage 累计筛余百分率acicular and flaky grain in aggregate 针状与片状颗粒含量alkali-aggregate reaction 碱骨料反应apparent density 视密度bulk density (unity weight) 容重clay lumps and friable particles in aggregate 黏土块及易碎颗粒含量coefficient of softening 软化系数crush index 压碎指标dry state 干燥状态exceeding and inferior grain inaggregate 超逊径颗粒含量fineness modulus 细度模数gaping place rate 空隙率grader retained percentage 分计筛余百分率grain composition 颗粒级配grain size 粒径lightweight matter in aggregate 轻物质含量mica content 云母含量moisture content(water rate) 含水率mud content 含泥量organic content 有机质含量potential reactivity of aggregate 骨料潜在活性saturation 饱和的sieving curve 筛分曲线soft grain in aggregate 软弱骨料含量soundness 坚固性surface moisture content 表面含水率water-soluble sulphide 水溶性硫化物水硬性胶凝材料(Hydraulicity cementitious material)age 龄期cement mark(strength of cement /cement grade) 水泥标号consumptive use of water normal consistance 标准稠度用水量degree of mobilization 流动性dissolution heat ( solution heat ) 溶解热final set 终凝flexural strength 抗弯强度flyash 粉煤灰hydration heat 水化热initial set 初凝loss on ignition(ignition loss) 烧矢量setting time 凝结时间silica fume 硅粉soundness 水泥的安定性specific surface area 比表面积specific heat 比热water demand ratio 吸水量比外加剂（Admixture）bubble stability 泡沫稳定性bubbling ability 起泡能力chloride content 氯化物含量compressive strength rate 抗压强度比contract with dry rate 干缩率dispersing coefficient 分散系数dispersing ability of water-reducing agent 减水剂分散能力loss of slump 塌落度损失sulphate content 硫酸盐含量solid content 固体含量surface tension 表面张力water-reducing rate 减水率水（Water）alkalinity 碱度calcion 钙离子carbonic acid 钙酸chlorion 氯离子equivalent concentration 当量浓度oxygen consumption 耗氧量normal solution (standardsolution) 标准溶液PH value PH值water analysis 水值分析砼（Concrete）砼拌和物（Mixture）assurance strength of concrete 砼保证强度bleeding rate 泌水率cement-sand ration 灰砂比design strength of concrete 砼设计标号flowability of concrete 砼的流动性mix proportion (proportion of mixture) 砼配合比mixture uniformity 拌和物的均匀性penetration-obstruction method 贯入阻力法probability of ensuring strength of concrete 砼强度保证率sand rate 砂率unit consumption of water 单位用水量water retention (water retentiveness) 保水性water-cement ratio 水灰比硬化砼（Hardened concrete）axial tensile strength 轴向抗拉强度coefficient of thermal conductivity 导热系数cooling rate 冷却率core of concrete 砼芯样creep deformation (time deformation ) 徐变变形form coefficient(form factor) 形状系数freezing -melting circulation 冻融循环frost-resistance mark 抗冻标号heat property of concrete 砼热学性能height-diameter ration 高径比linear expansion coefficient 线膨胀系数loss of weight 重量损失natural frequency 自振频率permeate 渗透permeated height 渗透高度permeated-resisting mark 抗渗标号relative coefficient of permeability 相对渗透系数resonance frequency 共振频率sample 试件self-grown volume deformation（砼）自生体积变形splitting tensile strength 劈裂抗拉强度static compressive modulus of elasticity 静力抗压弹数temperature conductivity 导温系数tensile modulus of elasticity 抗拉弹性模量thermal insulation warming 绝热温升ultimate tensile strain 极限拉应变ultimate tensile strength 极限抗拉强度wear rate 磨损率wear-resisting strength 抗冲磨强度砂浆（Cement）cement lime mortar 水泥石灰砂浆cement mortar 水泥砂浆cement-clay mortar 水泥黏土砂浆epoxy mortar 环氧砂浆lime mortar 石灰砂浆plastering mortar 抹面砂浆pointing joint mortar 勾缝砂浆土（Soil）accumulation curve (cumulative curve) 累计曲线activity index 活性指标angle of friction 摩擦角Atterberg limits(water content as limit) 阿太堡界限（界限含水量）California bearing ratio 载重比coarse-grained soil 粗粒土coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数coefficient of cubicalcompressibility 体积压缩系数coefficient of curvature 曲率系数compression 压缩compression index 压缩指数compression modulus 压缩模数consolidated-undrained (quick) shear test 固结不排水剪（固结快剪）试验consolidated-drained (slow) shear test 固结不排水剪（慢剪）试验consolidation 固结consolidation coefficient 固结系数consolidation settlement 固结沉降consolidation stress 固结应力continuous grading/gradation 连接级配contraction test(shrinkage test) 收缩试验core cutter method 环刀法creep curve 蠕变曲线critical slope 逸出坡降（临界坡降）Darcy's law 达西定律degree of consolidation 固结度degree of free swelling 自由膨胀率direct shear test 直接剪切试验direct shear test of reiteration 反复直剪强度试验distribution curve 分布曲线drift soil (shifting soil/mass flow) 流土effective angle of inner friction 有效内摩擦角effective strength envelope 有效强度包线expansion force 膨胀力expansion ration(specific expansion) 膨胀率filtering flow(seepage flow) 渗流fine-grained soil 细粒土flow net(drift net) 流网hydraulic slope 水力坡降hydrometer method 比重计法hydrostatic head method 常水头法limit equilibrium state 极限平衡状态liquefaction 液化liquid limit 液限liquidity index 液化指标maximum dry density 最大干密度method of sieving 筛分法Mohr's stress circle 莫力应力圆Mohr-coulomb failure criteria 莫尔-库伦破坏准则normal stress 法向应力（正应力）oedometer curve 压缩曲线optimum moisture content 最优含水量piping 管涌plastic limit 塑限plasticity index 塑性指标pore water pressure 空隙水压力porosity 空隙率principal stress 主应力Proctor compaction test 普氏击实试验relative density 相对密度sand replacement method 灌砂法saturability (saturation degree/percent saturation) 饱和度saturated unit weight 饱和容重seepage deformation 渗透变形seepage force(seepage pressure) 渗透力seepage line 渗透线seepage speed 渗透速度shear stress 切向应力（剪应力）shrinkage limit 缩限skip(gap/jump) grading 间断级配specific gravity of soil particle 土粒比重steady seepage field 稳定渗流场stress path 应力路径total strength envelope 总强度包线triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验unconfined compression strength 无侧限抗压强度unconsolidated undrained test 不固结不排水剪（快剪）试验variable head method 变水头法void(pore) ratio 孔隙比water replacement method 灌水法wet density 湿密度其它建筑材料钢筋（steel ）bending and unbending 反复弯曲cold bending test 冷弯试验elongation test 拉伸试验nominal diameter 公称直径ratio of elongation 伸长率relaxation test 松弛试验steel strand 钢绞线tensile yield strength 拉伸屈服强度ultimate tensile strength 极限抗拉强度木材（Wood）curshing strength paralled to the grain 顺纹抗压强度tensile strength paralled to thegrain 顺纹抗拉强度crushing strength across th egrain 横纹抗压强度tensile strength across to thegrain 横纹抗拉强度沥青（Asphalt）brittle temperature test 脆化点试验expansion test 延伸度试验penetration test 针入式试验softening point test 软化点试验test of aging 老化试验viscosity test 粘滞性试验质量管理（Quality Management）average 平均值deviation standard(error of mean squares) 均方差deviation coefficient(dispersion coefficient) 离差系数index of correlation 相关系数management limit 管理界限mathematic statistics 数理统计maximum 最大值minimum 最小值normal distribution 正态分布quality assurance 质量保证quality examination 质量检测regression curve 回归曲线relative dampness 相对湿度sample capacity 样本容量sampling frequency 取样频率specimen 样品statistical analysis 统计分析technical specification 技术规范technical standard 技术标准testing circumstance 试验环境testing error 试验误差testing regulation 试验规程variance analysis 方差分析◆地质(Geology)地质年代（Geochronology of Geologic Ages）Archaeozoic era (erathem) 太古代（界）Proterozoic era (erathem) 元古代（界）Palaeozoic era (erathem) 古生代（界）Mesozoic era (erathem) 中生代（界）Cenozoic era (erathem) 新生代（界）Sinian period (system) 震旦纪（系）Cambrian period (system) 寒武纪（系）Ordovician period (system) 奥陶纪（系）Silurian period (system) 志留纪（系）Devonian period (system) 泥盘纪（系）Carboniferous period (system) 石碳纪（系）Permian period (system) 二叠纪（系）Triassic period (system) 三叠纪（系）Jurassic period (system) 侏罗纪（系）Cretaceous period (system) 白垩纪（系）Tertiary period (system) 第三纪（系）Quaternary period (system) 第四纪（系）地质构造（Geologic Structural）fault 断层normal fault 正断层reversed fault 逆断层parallel fault 平移断层gouge 断层泥stria 擦痕joint 节理primary joint 原生节理secondary joint 次生节理tension joint 张节理unloading joint 卸荷节理schistosity 片理bedding 层理foliation 板理（叶理）ripple mark 波痕mud crack 泥痕rain print 雨痕orientation of bedrock 岩层产状strike 走向dip 倾向angle of dip (dip angle ) 倾角fold 褶皱anticline 背斜syncline 向斜Monocline (homocline) 单斜dome 穹隆soft stratum 软弱岩层zone of fracture(broken zone ) 破碎带affected zone 影响带platy structure 板状构造cleavage 解理fracture(rupture) 断裂fissure(crack/fracture) 裂隙岩石类型（Rock type）petrology 岩石学igneous rock 火成岩magmatic rock 岩浆岩lava(vocanic rock) 火山岩intrusive (invade) rock 侵入岩effusive rock 深成岩pypabussal rock 浅成岩acid rock 酸性岩inter-mediate rock 中性岩basic rock 基性岩ultrabasic rock 超基性岩granite 花岗岩porphyry 斑岩rhyolite 玢岩syenite 流纹岩trachyte 粗面岩diorite 闪长岩andesite 安山岩gabbro 辉长岩basalt 玄武岩aplite 细晶岩pegmatite 伟晶岩lamprophyre 煌斑岩diabase 辉绿岩dunite 橄榄岩pumice 浮岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩clastic rock 碎屑岩。
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≥0.3
≥0.2
≥0.3
水性保持时间（min）
≥3 0
（3） 合成高分子防水卷材
外观：折痕每卷不超过2处，总长度不超过20mm；杂
质不允许有大于0.5mm的颗粒，每1m2不超过9mm2；胶 块每卷不超过6处，每处面积不大于4mm2；凹痕每卷不 超过6处，深度不超过本身厚度的30%，树脂类卷材深 度不超过15%；每卷的接头，橡胶类卷材每20m不超过 1 处 ， 较 短 的 一 段 不 应 小 于 3 0 0 0 mm， 接 头 处 应 加 长 150mm，树脂类20m长度内不允许有接头。
确定； 保温层材料施工完毕后，应及时进行找平层和防水层的施工； 雨季施工时，保温层应采取遮盖措施。
板状保温层的施工要求：
基层应平整、干燥、干净； 板状保温材料应紧靠在需保温的基层表面上，并应铺平垫稳； 分层铺设的板块上下层接缝应相互错开，板间缝隙应采用同类材
料填密实； 粘贴的板状保温材料应贴严、粘牢。
≥100
延伸率（%） 最大拉力时≥30
－
断裂时≥200
耐热度（°C，2h）
SBS卷材90，APP卷材110，无滑动、 流淌、滴落
PEE卷材90， 无流淌、起泡
SBS卷材-180，APP卷材-5，PEE卷材-10 低温柔度（°C） 3mm厚r=15mm；4mm厚r=25mm；3s弯180°无裂纹
不透 压力（MPa）
性能要求
纵向拉力 耐热度 柔性 （N）
不透水性
压力
绕直径
25±2°C 时≥340
28±2 °C2h
20mm圆
≥0.10N/mm 2保持时间
棒无裂纹
不流淌，
≥30min
无集中 绕直径
压力
25±2°C性气泡 时≥440
25mm圆
≥0.10N/mm 2保持时间
棒无裂纹
≥30min
（2） 高聚物改性沥青卷材
（1） 石油沥青油毡卷材
外观：不允许有孔洞、硌伤，不允许露胎、涂盖不
均 ； 折 纹 、 折 皱 距 卷 芯 1 0 0 0 mm 以 外 ， 长 度 不 大 于 100mm；裂纹距卷芯1000mm以外，长度不大于10mm； 边缘裂口小于20mm，缺边长度小于50mm；每卷卷材 的接头不超过1处，较短的一段不小于2500mm，接头 处应加长150mm。
外观：不允许有孔洞、缺边、裂口；边缘不整齐不
超过10mm；不允许胎体露白、未浸透；撒布材料粒 度、颜色均匀；每一卷卷材的接头不超过1处，较短 的一段不应小于1000mm，接头处应加长150mm。
高聚物改性沥青防水卷材规格和技术性能要求分别
见表7.4、表7.5。
表7.4 高聚物改性沥青防水卷材规格
有空白、麻点、气泡。涂刷宜在铺油毡前1~2h进行，使 油层干燥而不沾灰尘。
（4）卷材铺贴的一般要求 ① 卷材防水层施工应在屋面其他工程全部完工后进行。 ② 铺贴多跨和有高低跨的房屋时，应按先高后低、先远后
近的顺序进行。
③ 在一个单跨房屋铺贴时，先铺贴排水比较集中的部位，按 标高由低到高铺贴，坡与立面的卷材应由下向上铺贴，使 卷材按流水方向搭接。
的1/2
表7.12 热沥青胶结材料加热和使用温度
类别
普通石油沥青或搭配 建筑石油沥青的普通 石油沥青胶结材料
建筑石油沥青胶结材 料
加热温度 （°C） 不应高于280
不应高于240
使用温度 （°C）
说明
不宜低于240
1.加热时间以3~4h为 宜； 2.沥青胶结材料当天 用完
不宜低于190
（3）涂刷冷底子油 找平层表面要平整、干净，涂刷要薄而均匀，不得
难溶于煤油、汽油中，溶液呈 易溶于煤油或汽油中，呈棕色
黄绿色
石油沥青分为道路石油沥青、建筑石油沥青和普通石 油沥青。建筑石油沥青主要用于屋面、地下防水和油毡制 造，常用牌号为30号甲、30号乙和10号。建筑石油沥青的 几项主要指标见表7.2所示。
表7.2 建筑石油沥青的主要指标
指标
针入度（25°C时） 延伸度（25°C时不小于）（cm）
的厚度为20～25mm。
技术要求：屋面板等基层应安装牢固，不得有松动之处， 屋面应平整，清扫干净，沥青和砂的质量比为1∶8。 沥青砂浆施工时要严格控制温度，见表7.8所示。
表7.8 沥青砂浆施工温度
室外温度（°C）
沥青砂浆施工温度（°C）
拌制
铺设
滚压完毕
+5以上
140~170
90~120
60
+5~-10
≥70%
纤维增强类 ≥9 ≥10 －20 ≥0.3
＜1.0
（4） 卷材贮存 防水卷材应贮存在阴凉通风的室内，严禁接近火源； 油毡必须直立堆放，高度不宜超过两层，不得横放、斜放； 应按标号、品种分类堆放。
7.1.3 结构层、找平层施工
7.1.3.1 结构层要求
屋面结构层一般采用钢筋混凝土结构，分为装配式钢
④ 铺贴方向一般视屋面坡度而定，当坡度在3%以内时，卷材 宜平行于屋脊方向铺贴；坡度在3%～15%时，卷材可根据当 地情况决定平行或垂直于屋脊方向铺贴，以免卷材溜滑。
⑤ 卷材平行于屋脊方向铺贴时，长边搭接不小于70mm；短边 搭接，平屋面不应小于100mm，坡屋面不小于150mm，相邻 两幅卷材短边接缝应错开不小于500mm；上下两层卷材应错 开1/3或1/2幅度，见图7.2所示。
7 防水工程
7 防水工程
7.1 屋面防水工程 7.2 地下防水工程
7.1 卷材屋面 7.1.1 卷材屋面构造
卷材屋面的防水层是用胶结剂或热熔法逐层粘贴卷材而成
的。其一般构造层次见图7.1所示，施工时以设计为施工依据。
7.1.2 材料要求
7.1.2.1 沥青
沥青具有不透水、不导电、耐酸、耐碱、耐腐蚀等 特点，是屋面防水的理想材料。
沥青有石油沥青和焦油沥青两类，性能不同的沥青 不得混合使用。石油沥青与焦油沥青的区别见表7.1所 示。
表7.1 石油沥青与焦油沥青的区别
项目
石油沥青
焦油沥青
相对密度
近于1.0
1.20～1.35
燃烧 烟少，无色，有松香味，无毒 烟多，黄色，臭味大，有毒
锤击
韧性好
韧性差，较脆
颜色 溶解
呈辉亮褐色
浓黑色
沥青防水卷材规格及技术性能要求见表7.3所示。
表7.3 沥青防水卷材规格及技术性能要求
宽度 每卷面积 标号
（mm） （m2）
350号
915 1000
200±0.3 200±0.3
500号
915 1000
200±0.3 200±0.3
每卷质量 （kg）
粉毡≥28.5 片毡≥31.5
粉毡≥39.5 片毡≥42.5
种类
高聚物改性沥 青防水卷材
厚度（mm） 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
宽度（mm） 每卷长度（m）
≥1000
15.0~20.0
≥1000
10.0
≥1000
7.5
≥1000
5.0
表7.5 高聚物改性沥青防水卷材技术性能要求
项目
聚酯毡胎体
性能要求 玻纤胎体
聚乙烯胎体
拉力（N/50mm）
≥450
纵向≥350横向 ≥250
断裂拉伸强度（MPa）
≥6
≥3
≥10
扯断伸长率（%） 低温弯折（°C）
≥400 －30
≥200 －20
≥200 －20
压力（MPa）
不透水性化保持率 断裂拉伸强
（80°C，
度
168h） 扯断伸长率
≥0.3 ＜1.2
≥0.2
≥0.3
≥30
＜2.0
＜2.0
≥80%
表7.9 冷底子油配合 比
10号或30号石油沥青
溶剂 轻柴油或煤油
汽油
40%
60%
—
30%
—
$0%
（2）沥青胶结材料
用一种或两种标号的沥青按一定配合比熔合，经熬制脱
水后，可作为胶结材料。
为了提高沥青的耐热度、韧性、粘结力和抗老化性能，
可在熔化后的沥青中掺入10%～15%的粉状填充材料，配 制成沥青胶结材料。填充材料普遍采用石灰石粉、白云 石粉、滑石粉、云母粉等。
合成高分子防水卷材规格和技术要求分别见表7.6、
表7.7。
表7.6 合成高分子防水卷材规格
种类
厚度（mm） 宽度（mm） 每卷长度（m）
1.0
≥1000
20.0
合成高分子防
1.2
水卷材
1.5
≥1000
20.0
≥1000
20.0
2.0
≥1000
10.0
表7.7 合成高分子防水卷材技术要求
项目
性能要求 硫化橡胶类 非硫化橡胶类 树脂类
60℃ 65℃ 70℃ 75℃ 80℃ 85℃
柔韧度
涂在沥青油纸上的2mm厚的沥青材料胶结层，在18±2°C 时，围绕下列直径（mm）的固体以每2s均速弯曲成半圆，
沥青胶结材料不应有裂纹
粘结力
10
15
15
20
25
30
用手将两张贴在一起的油纸慢慢地一次撕开，从油纸和沥青 胶结材料粘贴面的任何一面的撕开部分，应不大于粘贴面积
再将熔好的沥青倒入桶中冷却，待达到110～140°C时， 将沥青成细流状慢慢注入一定量的溶剂中，并不停地搅 拌，直至沥青完全加完、溶解均匀为止。
第二种方法：与上述方法一样将熔化沥青倒入桶或壶中，
待冷却至110~140°C后，将溶剂按配合比要求分批注入 沥青熔液中，边加边不停地搅拌，直至加完、溶解均匀 为止。