常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)【章节题库(含名校考研真题)】(第1章 殖民地时期的美国)【圣才出品
美国文学简史常耀信版Chapter_1and_2
两次世界大战之间
现实主义文学的发展
小说（德莱塞 ；辛· 刘易斯 ；薇拉· 凯瑟 ） “哈莱姆文艺复兴” （休斯；卡伦；理查德· 赖特 ） 左翼文学与反法西斯文学 （约翰· 里德 ；多斯· 帕索
斯 ；斯坦贝克 ；海明威；海尔曼 ） “南方文艺复兴” （威廉· 福克纳 ） 戏剧的“黄金时代” （奥尼尔 ） “新批评” （注重对文学作品本身进行精密分析， 在现代诗歌的分析上有其独到之处，他们摆脱了过 去仅仅介绍背景知识与发挥个人印象的批评方式。 但这一流派总的倾向是忽视文学作品的社会意义， 割断作品与历史、社会背景的关系）
American Puritanism
Puritanism
was a religious reform movement that arose within the Church of England in the late 16th century. Under siege from church and crown, it sent an offshoot in the third and fourth decades of the seventeenth century to the northern English colonies in the New World– a migration that laid the foundation for the religious, intellectual and social order of New England.
Puritanism
Puritanism
is a highly strict religious doctrine. The Puritans were determined to find a place on the new continent where they could worship God in the way they thought true Christians should. also has its practical aspect. The Puritans had to work hard in order to make a living and be ready for any misfortunes and tragic failures that might lie in wait for them.
常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）【章节题库（含名校考研真题）】（第24章二战后美国小说（2））【圣
常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）【章节题库（含名校考研真题）】（第24章二战后美国小说（2））【圣第24章二战后美国小说（2）I.Fill in the blanks.1._____by Joseph Heller is the representative novel of black humor.（南开大学2008研）【答案】Catch-22【解析】《第二十二条军规》是约瑟夫·海勒的著名小说，也是黑色幽默的代表作。
2.A great postmodern writer,_____became the cult figure of the counterculture generation at that time,known as“a gum for the youth”in supporting the students in their anti-war movements.【答案】Kurt Vonnegut【解析】在上世纪60—70年代的美国大学里，年轻学生们常常把库尔特·冯内古特的书揣在牛仔裤兜里，他让前卫小说变得好读、有趣，成为美国黑色幽默文学代表人物。
II.Multiple Choice1.William Burroughs and Jack Kerouac belong to_____.A.the Confessional SchoolB.the Black Mountain PoetsC.novelists of absurdityD.the Beat Writers【答案】D【解析】美国作家威廉·巴勒斯（William Burroughs）与艾伦·金斯堡（Allen Ginsberg）及杰克·凯鲁亚克（Jack Kerouac）同为“垮掉的一代”文学运动的创始者。
2.Which beat-poet wrote the work On the Road?A.Allen Ginsberg.B.Jack Kerouac.C.William Burroughs.D.Charles Bukowski.【答案】B【解析】《在路上》是“垮掉的一代”作家杰克·凯鲁亚克的代表作。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)模拟试题及详解(二)【圣才出品】
常耀信《美国文学简史》（第3版）模拟试题及详解（二）I.Fill in the blanks1._____’s poems have the musical quality and romantic beauty.The Raven is his best-known poem.【答案】Edgar Allan Poe【解析】爱伦·坡的诗歌富有音乐感和浪漫主义色彩，《乌鸦》是最知名的一首。
2.Harriet Beecher Stowe’s masterpiece is_____.【答案】Uncle Tom’s Cabin【解析】比彻·斯托夫人(Harriet Beecher Stowe1811-1896)的名作长篇小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》（Uncle Tom’s Cabin）是19世纪最畅销的小说（以及第二畅销的书，仅次于最畅销的书《圣经》）并被认为是刺激1850年代废奴主义兴起的一大原因。
3._____is the novel into which Jack London put most of himself.【答案】Martin Eden【解析】杰克·伦敦名作《马丁·伊登》（Martin Eden）是一部带有自传色彩的长篇小说。
4.The Age of Realism is also what Mark Twain referred to as“_____”.【答案】The Gilded Age【解析】现实主义时期被马克吐温看作“镀金时代”。
5.Pound was the leader of a new movement in poetry which he called the“_____”movement.【答案】imagism【解析】庞德是意象主义运动的领军人物。
6.Benjamin Franklin’s best writing is found in his masterpiece_____.【答案】The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin【解析】本杰明·富兰克林文学上最大的成就体现在他的作品《本杰明·富兰克林自传》上。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解(21-26章)【圣才出品】
第21章自白派•垮掉的一代21.1复习笔记I.The Confessional School（自白派）The term is usually used to certain poets of the United States from the late1950s to the late 1960s.In a broad way,the poetry of this group of poets share common features such as a ruthless, excruciating self-analysis of one’s own background and heritage,one’s own most private desires and fantasies etc.,and the urgent“I’ll-tell-it-all-to-you”impulse.In a sense,it is Lowell who gave the Confessional poetry a new life and a new level of popularity with his ruthless self-dissection. Representatives of the Confessional are School Robert Lowell,Anne Sexton,Sylvia Plath.这一术语用来指20世界50年代末到60年代末的一些美国诗人。
广义上讲，这些诗人的诗歌具有以下共同特点，如对自己的背景和传统，自己的隐私、欲望和幻想等进行无情的、令人痛苦的自我分析，以及一种急切的“我将告诉你一切”的冲动。
从某种程度上讲，洛威尔用他无情的自我剖析使自白诗获得新生也使其成为新时尚。
自白派代表人物是罗伯特·洛威尔、安妮·塞克斯顿、西尔维娅·普拉斯。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)配套题库【章节题库(含名校考研真题)】第11章~第14章【圣才出品】
第11章20世纪20年代•意象派•庞德I.Fill in the blanks.1.“In a Station of the Metro”by Ezra Pound goes like this:The apparition of these faces in the crowd;_____.（首师大2008研）【答案】Petals on a wet,black bough.【解析】这是意象派诗人庞德的名作，意为：人群中这些面孔幽灵一般显现，湿漉漉的黑色枝条上许多花瓣。
2._____,by Ezra Pound,employs the complex association of scholarly lore, anthropology,modern history and personages,private history and Witticism,and obscure literary interpolations in various languages.（人大2006研）【答案】The Cantos【解析】庞德的《诗章》包罗万象，是庞德的代表作。
3.Author_____Title_____.（南京大学2007研）The apparition of these faces in the crowd;Petals on a wet,black bough.【答案】Author:Ezra Pound Title:“In a Station of the Metro”【解析】题目节选自庞德的《在一个地铁车站》，该诗是以一个意象作为叙述语言的典型范例。
4.Ezra Pound’s lifelong endeavor had been devoted to the writing of_____,which contains_____poems.（国际关系学院2007研）【答案】The Cantos;117【解析】庞德把毕生精力都投入到写作《诗章》当中，《诗章》共包括117首诗。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)【章节题库(含名校考研真题)】(第22章 纽约派诗人
第22章纽约派诗人•沉思型诗歌•黑山派诗人I.Fill in the blanks.1.The Black Mountain Poets are so called because these poets are associated with _____,or with_____.【答案】Black Mountain College;Black Mountain Review【解析】黑山派诗歌是美国当代的一个诗歌流派。
20世纪50年代初，在马萨诸塞州黑山学院任教的查·奥尔逊、罗·邓肯、罗·克瑞利等人创办《黑山评论》杂志，提倡与40年代流行的传统格律体相反的“放射体”诗歌，逐步形成一个流派。
II.Multiple Choice1.Which of the following poets is NOT a member of the New York School?A.William BurroughsB.John AshberyC.Frank O’HaraD.Kenneth Koch【答案】A【解析】威廉·勃洛斯是垮掉派作家之一。
2.Which of the following poets is NOT member of the Black Mountain poets?A.Robert CreeleyB.Robert DuncanC.Theodore RoethkeD.Charles Olson【答案】C【解析】西奥多·罗特克是自白派诗人之一。
III.Explain the following terms.1.Black Mountain poetsKey:A loosely associated group of poets that formed an important part of the avant-garde of American poetry in the1950s,publishing innovative yet disciplined verse in the Black Mountain Review(1954-57),which became a leading forum of experimental verse.Their experimental yet disciplined style took its impetus from the essay“Projective Verse”(1950)by Charles Olson.The Black Mountain School is linked with Charles Olson’s theory of“projective verse,”which insisted on an open form based on the spontaneity of the breath pause in speech and the typewriter line in writing.The group grew up around the poets Robert Creeley,Robert Duncan,and Charles Olson while they were teaching at Black Mountain.2.The New York SchoolKey:Unlike the Beat and San Franciso poets,the poets of the New York School are not interested in overtly moral questions,and,in general,they steer clear of political issues.They have the best formal educations of any group.The majorfigures of the New York School are John Ashbery,Frank O’Hara,and Kenneth Koch.They are quintessentially urban,cool,nonreligious,witty with a poignant, pastel sophistication.Their poems are fast moving,full of urban detail, incongruity,and an almost palpable sense of suspended belief.New York City is the fine arts center of America and the birthplace of Abstract Expressionism,a major inspiration of this poetry.Most of the poets worked as art reviewers or museum curators,or collaborated with painters.Perhaps because of their feeling for abstract art,which distrusts figurative shapes and obvious meanings,their work is often difficult to comprehend,as in the later work of John Ashbery (1927-),perhaps the most influential poet writing today.。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解(5-8章)【圣才出品】
第5章霍桑•麦尔维尔5.1复习笔记I.Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864)（纳撒尼尔·霍桑）1.Life（生平）Hawthorne was born in Salem,Massachusetts.Some of his ancestors were men of prominence in the Puritan theocracy.One of his ancestors was a colonial magistrate,notorious for his part in the persecution of the Quakers,and another was a judge at the Salem Witchcraft Trial in1692.Gradually,the family fortune declined.Hawthorn was intensely conscious of the wrongdoing of his ancestors,and this awareness led to his understanding of evil being at the core of human life,so he seemed to be haunted by his sense of sin and evil in his life.霍桑出生于马萨诸塞州的萨勒姆镇，他的一些祖先是17世纪新英格兰清教神权统治中的显赫人物。
他的一位祖先是殖民地行政官，因参与迫害贵格党人而臭名昭著。
另一位祖先则是1692年萨勒姆审巫案的法官。
家族渐渐走向没落。
霍桑强烈地意识到他祖先的恶性，这也让他明白了邪恶存在于人生命的核心部分，因此他的一生心中的罪恶感都挥之不去。
2.Ideas（思想）(1)He was haunted by his sense of sin and evil in life,therefore we see“black vision”in his works—the power of blackness.Evil seems to be man’s birthmark.In almost every book he wrote, Hawthorne discussed sin and evil.(2)He rejected the Transcendentalists'transparent optimism about the potentialities of human nature.(3)Whenever there is sin,there is punishment.Sin or evil can be passed from generation to generation.In his opinion,evil educates.(4)He believed that romance was the predestined form of American narrative.He took a great interest in history and antiquity.To him these furnished the soil on which his mind grew to fruition.(5)Hawthorne had a negative attitude toward science.(1)霍桑一生心中都萦绕着罪恶感，因此我们可以在他的作品中感受到“黑色视觉”——邪恶的力量。
常耀信《美国文学简史》(第3版)笔记和考研真题详解(15-20章)【圣才出品】
第15章南方文艺复兴•威廉姆•福克纳15.1复习笔记I.The Southern Renaissance（南方文艺复兴）1.Historical background（历史背景）The American south has been a unique region all along.There was the historically significant conflict between the Hamiltonian north and the Jeffersonian south.For a long time after the Civil War,the agricultural south remained subordinate to industrial north,and there existed a glaring gap in culture and way of thinking between the two parts of the country.Measures were taken to develop the south;economic improvements slowly came about.Although the south remained conservative,but there appeared a visible sign of change in literature,and there are efforts to reassess the past and the present and do self-searching.美国南方一直是一个独特的地区。
哈米尔顿式南方与杰斐逊式北方之间存在具有重大历史意义的冲突。
美国内战后相当长的时间内，农业式的南方仍然从属于工业化的北方。
美国这两个地区之间在文化和思维方式上存在显著的差距。
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第1章殖民地时期的美国I.Fill in the blanks.1.Hard work,thrift,piety and sobriety,these were the_____values that dominated much of the early American writing.【答案】Puritan【解析】清教主义，起源于英国，在北美殖民地得以实践与发展。
清教徒强调艰苦奋斗、勤俭节约、虔诚和淡泊。
这些价值观也影响了早期的美国文学。
2.The most enduring shaping influence in American thought and American literature was_____.【答案】American Puritanism【解析】美国文化源于清教文化，由清教徒移民时传入北美。
美国主流价值观都可以追溯到殖民地时期一统天下的清教主义，并且清教思想对美国文学有着根深蒂固的影响。
3.The term“Puritan”was applied to those settlers who originally were devout members of the Church of_____.【答案】England【解析】清教徒（Puritan），是指要求清除英国国教Church of England中天主教残余的改革派。
其字词于16世纪60年代开始使用，源于拉丁文的Purus，意为“清洁”。
4.Many Puritans wrote verse,but the works of two writers,Anne Bradstreet and_____,rose to the level of real poetry.【答案】Edward Taylor【解析】美国殖民时期最著名的诗人是安·布莱德斯特律和爱德华·泰勒。
5.The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America is a collection of poems composed by_____.【答案】Anne Bradstreet【解析】安·布莱德斯特律是美国殖民时期著名的诗人。
其代表作是诗集《最近在北美出现的第十位缪斯》（The Tenth Muse Late Sprung up in America）。
6.On January10,1776,Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet_____appeared.【答案】Common Sense【解析】1776年美国独立的风潮开始，托马斯·潘恩支持美国独立，反对英国的殖民专政，撰写了他的成名小册子《常识》，为美国从英国殖民中独立出来辩论，批评英国国王残暴无能，认为独立后的美国应该建立共和国。
7.Except Common Sense,Paine’s the other two famous works were_____and _____.【答案】The Rights of Man，The Age of Reason【解析】潘恩著名的作品包括，《常识》、《人的权利》、《理性的时代》。
8.Thomas Paine’s second most important work_____was an impassioned pleaagainst hereditary monarchy.【答案】The Rights of Man【解析】1791年3月，托马斯·潘恩在伦敦出版《人权论》，激烈抨击埃德蒙·伯克（Edmund Burke，1729-1797）的《法国革命感言录》（Reflections on the Revolution in France）（1790）。
《人权论》的可贵之处还在于，它冲破了当时笼罩于整个西方思想界对英国君主立宪政体的迷信，深入骨髓地批判了这一政体，给当时还处于摸索状态的法国革命指明了共和主义的崭新方向。
9.Thomas Paine,with his natural gift for pamphleteering and rebellion,was appropriately born into an age of_____.【答案】Revolution【解析】潘恩是美国独立革命时期著名的作家之一。
10.Philip Freneau was noteworthy first because of the nature of his poems.Theywere truly American and very patriotic.In this respect,he reflected the spirit of his age.Therefore,he has been called the“_____of American Poetry”.【答案】Father【解析】菲利普·弗瑞诺是开启美国民主主义的突出代表之一，他被称为“美国诗歌之父。
”11.From1621until his death,_____probably possessed more power than any other colonial governor.【答案】William Bradford12.William Bradford’s work_____consists of two books.The first book deals withthe persecutions of the Separatists in Scrooby,England,and the second book describes the signing of the“Compact”.【答案】Mayflower13._____’s best verse is to be found in a series called“Preparatory Meditations”.【答案】Edward Taylor14.In the book_____John Smith wrote that“here nature and liberty afford us thatfreely which in England we want,or it costs us dearly.”【答案】A Description of New EnglandII.Multiple Choice1.Early in_____,the English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts started the main stream of the American national history.（北二外2007研）A.14th centuryB.15th centuryC.17th centuryD.16th century【答案】C【解析】17世纪初，英国人在弗吉尼亚和马萨诸塞定居，这也是美国历史的开端。
2.The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at_____.（北二外2009研）A.JamestownB.New YorkC.BostonD.Concord【答案】A【解析】詹姆斯敦是英国人在北美的第一个永久定居地。
3.The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of them_____.（北二外2008研）A.QuakersB.AnglicansC.CatholicsD.Puritans.【答案】D【解析】早期来到北美的殖民者有不少是清教徒，因而殖民时期的文学深受清教思想影响。
4.It is a critical commonplace now that American literature is based on a myth,that is,_____.（北二外2008研）A.the ancient Greek myth of ZeusB.the British myth of the Saint GrailC.the Biblical myth of the Garden of EdenD.the legend of the Sleepy Hollow【答案】C【解析】由于深受清教主义的影响，美国文学——至少是美国的白人文学——是建立在《圣经》伊甸园神话基础上的文学。
5.The common thread throughout American literature has been the emphasis on the_____.A.RevolutionismB.ReasonC.IndividualismD.Rationalism【答案】C【解析】美国价值观的核心是个人主义，因而，个人主义也成为贯穿美国文学史的主线。
6.The ship“_____”carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took66days to beat its way across the Atlantic.In December of1620,it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth,Massachusetts.A.SunflowerB.ArmadaC.Mayflower。