自闭症英文介绍
与自闭症相关英文缩写简介
1、ASD Autism Spectrum Disorder 自闭症谱系障碍Autism [ˈɔ:tɪzəm] ：自闭症Spectrum ['spektrəm] ：光谱Disorder [dɪs'ɔ:də(r)] ：障碍自闭症谱系障碍是一个医学名词，它是一种广泛性发展障碍，现多使用于儿童身上。
其病征包括异常的语言能力、异常的交往能力、狭窄的兴趣以及固执的行为模式。
在这个谱系障碍中，儿童自闭症是儿童精神类疾病当中最为严重的一种。
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD，Autism Spectrum Disorder ），是根据典型自闭症的核心症状进行扩展定义的广泛意义上的自闭症，既包括了典型自闭症，也包括了不典型自闭症，又包括了阿斯伯格综合症、自闭症边缘、自闭症疑似等症状。
自闭症，又称孤独症，是一种较为严重的广泛性发展障碍疾病。
目前，自闭症的病因仍是世界医学的未解难题，可以排除的是自闭症与后天的家庭教养无关。
该病男女发病率差异显著，在我国男女患病率比例为6—9：1。
典型自闭症，其核心症状就是所谓的“三联症”，主要体现为在社会性和交流能力、语言能力、仪式化的刻板行为三个方面同时都具有本质的缺损。
其主要症状为：1、社会交往障碍：一般表现为与他人交往困难或不愿意交往，严重者甚至与父母缺乏情感依恋；2、语言交流障碍：完全无语言、语言发育落后、语言能力倒退，或者鹦鹉学舌式重复语言；3、重复刻板行为：兴趣狭窄、异常动作频繁、性格固执不愿意接受改变。
不典型自闭症则在前述三个方面不全具有缺陷，只具有其中之一或之二。
2、PDD Pervasive Developmental Disorder 广泛性发育障碍Pervasive [pə'veɪsɪv] ：普遍的Developmental [dɪˌveləpˈmentl] ：发展Disorder [dɪs'ɔ:də(r)] ：障碍广泛性发育障碍（pervasive developmental disorder，简称PDD。
自闭症英文介绍
“ I don‟t want sympathy or pity like, „Oh, I‟m so sorry.‟ is for people to be patient, kind, and understanding.”
Serving individuals and their families
BEST PRACTICES FOR BUSINESSES
autism
the statistics
• Approximately 1 out of 100 people in the U.S. population is diagnosed with autism • In New Jersey, the prevalence of autism is 1 in 94 people • Prevalence is 1 in 64 boys in New Jersey • All communities have people with autism • You may not be aware of people with autism in the community but they are potential customers
“
“
When we go to the supermarket, so many people roll their eyes and start whispering. When we have to stand in a long line, she starts making noises and grabbing stuff. So now I just avoid taking her in public.”
自闭症英文介绍
For example:
• Banging a drum makes an interesting booming noise. • Banging a tambourine makes an interesting tinkling noise. • If you bang someone hard enough, they make an interesting crying noise. • You are usually allowed to do the first 2 of these. • Someone usually stops you if you try to do the third one.
• • • • •
A: 1. Red 2. Blue 3. Green 4. Yellow Did you get it right?
What colours are these?
• • • • •
A: 1. Crimson 2. Blue 3. Emerald 4. Blond Did you get it right?
Sometimes the rules change.
• Brother and sister are messing about, playfighting. • One gives the other a playful slap. They fall about laughing, and, crucially, MUM AND DAD DON’T STOP THEM! • Ok, so now the rules have changed. • Sometimes it is ok to bang someone else. • How am I to know when it’s ok and when it’s not ok? • It would be completely beyond the ability of most autistic people to work out the answer to this question, even though it seems obvious to us.
自闭症ASD，AutismSpe...
自闭症ASD，AutismSpe...自闭症谱系障碍Asperger syndrome自闭症谱系障碍是一个医学名词，被归类为一种由于神经系统失调导致的发育障碍，其病征包括不正常的社交能力、沟通能力、兴趣和行为模式，是一种广泛性发展障碍，以严重的、广泛的社会相互影响和沟通技能的损害以及刻板的行为、兴趣和活动为特征的精神疾病。
交流障碍、语言障碍及刻板行为是自闭症的三联症。
而从社会互动来看，自闭症可以分为孤离、被动及主动但奇怪的三种型式，其中以孤离及被动型的人数最多；从沟通来看，如果未接受早期训练的话，半数左右的自闭症者没有口语；从认知来看，3/4的自闭症者兼有智能障碍，其假想能力大受影响。
社会互动障碍，沟通障碍及假想能力的障碍三者之间又彼此互相影响。
因此，大部分的自闭症者都是属于中重度障碍者。
要改善自闭症者的社会互动障碍、沟通障碍及象征能力障碍，比较理想的做法是设计一个教育环境，可以同时增进这三方面的能力。
就此而言，游戏是最佳选择之一。
1定义2自闭症谱系障碍的成因（一）、医学生物学成因（二）、神经心理学成因（三）、生态学模式的自闭症观（四）、中医辨证原因3自闭症谱系障碍的康复1定义编辑自闭症谱系障碍（ASD，Autism Spectrum Disorder ），是根据典型自闭症的核心症状进行扩展定义的广泛意义上的自闭症，既包括了典型自闭症，也包括了不典型自闭症，又包括了阿斯伯格综合症、自闭症边缘、自闭症疑似等症状。
自闭症，又称孤独症，是一种较为严重的发育障碍性疾病。
它是一种先天精神疾患，不是心理疾患，和后天家庭教养无关。
该病男女发病率差异显著，在我国男女患病率比例为6—9：1。
典型自闭症，其核心症状就是所谓的“三联症”，主要体现为在社会性和交流能力、语言能力、仪式化的刻板行为三个方面同时都具有本质的缺损。
其主要症状为：1、社会交流障碍：一般表现为缺乏与他人的交流或交流技巧，与父母亲之间缺乏安全依恋关系等；2、语言交流障碍：语言发育落后，或者在正常语言发育后出现语言倒退，或语言缺乏交流性质；3、重复刻板行为。
自闭症英语演讲PPT
THANKS
中重度 轻度低下 智ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ正常
part02
Cause of autism
The cause is still unclear, but autism is inherited. A child who is over-loved or not getting enough attention may have pseudo-autism.
inflexible
They don't accept changes in the environment, they like to repeat. Otherwise, they will crash and shout.
One quarter of children's intelligence is normal
They have beautiful clear eyes, but refuse to look at others. When you look at him, he always likes to escape.
Their understanding ability is very poor, it is difficult to communicate with them, so children with autism will not listen to you at all, and the empathy is poor.
Genetic diagnosis can be used for the detection of autism. The sooner a child with autism is diagnosed, the sooner he intervenes, the better the recovery of the child. But he will never be cured.
与自闭症相关英文缩写简介
1、ASD Autism Spectrum Disorder 自闭症谱系障碍Autism [ˈɔ:tɪzəm] ：自闭症Spectrum ['spektrəm] ：光谱Disorder [dɪs'ɔ:də(r)] ：障碍自闭症谱系障碍是一个医学名词，它是一种广泛性发展障碍，现多使用于儿童身上。
其病征包括异常的语言能力、异常的交往能力、狭窄的兴趣以及固执的行为模式。
在这个谱系障碍中，儿童自闭症是儿童精神类疾病当中最为严重的一种。
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD，Autism Spectrum Disorder ），是根据典型自闭症的核心症状进行扩展定义的广泛意义上的自闭症，既包括了典型自闭症，也包括了不典型自闭症，又包括了阿斯伯格综合症、自闭症边缘、自闭症疑似等症状。
自闭症，又称孤独症，是一种较为严重的广泛性发展障碍疾病。
目前，自闭症的病因仍是世界医学的未解难题，可以排除的是自闭症与后天的家庭教养无关。
该病男女发病率差异显著，在我国男女患病率比例为6—9：1。
典型自闭症，其核心症状就是所谓的“三联症”，主要体现为在社会性和交流能力、语言能力、仪式化的刻板行为三个方面同时都具有本质的缺损。
其主要症状为：1、社会交往障碍：一般表现为与他人交往困难或不愿意交往，严重者甚至与父母缺乏情感依恋；2、语言交流障碍：完全无语言、语言发育落后、语言能力倒退，或者鹦鹉学舌式重复语言；3、重复刻板行为：兴趣狭窄、异常动作频繁、性格固执不愿意接受改变。
不典型自闭症则在前述三个方面不全具有缺陷，只具有其中之一或之二。
2、PDD Pervasive Developmental Disorder 广泛性发育障碍Pervasive [pə'veɪsɪv] ：普遍的Developmental [dɪˌveləpˈmentl] ：发展Disorder [dɪs'ɔ:də(r)] ：障碍广泛性发育障碍（pervasive developmental disorder，简称PDD。
【疾病名】小儿孤独症【英文名】pediatricautism
【疾病名】小儿孤独症【英文名】pediatric autism【缩写】【别名】儿童非典型发育；儿童孤独症；儿童自闭症；小儿孤独性情感交往紊乱；小儿广泛性发育障碍；幼年孤独癖；早期婴儿孤独症；childhood autism；juvenile autistic disorder；童年孤独症【ICD号】F84.0【概述】小儿孤独症是一种较为严重的发育障碍性疾病，1943年，美国约翰斯·霍普金斯大学医院儿童精神病学医师Kanner对有以下一些特征的儿童命名为“早期婴儿孤独症”，即：①极度孤僻，不能与他人交往；②言语发育迟缓，失去语言交流能力；③游戏活动简单并重复；④缺乏对物体的想象和运用的能力。
自此以后，对这一疾病的命名和定义不断地进行了修正。
目前，在命名上，已用“小儿孤独症(pediatric autism)”代替了原来的“早期婴儿孤独症”。
在定义上，行为特征主要包括3个方面：①社会交往障碍；②语言交流障碍；③兴趣狭窄和重复刻板的行为。
年龄特征为发病一般在3岁以下。
【流行病学】早期的研究报道孤独症的发病率约为0.04%，由于定义的修正，其发病率在提高。
例如英国伦敦的一个研究报道为0.2%。
最近美国的流行病学研究报道为0.1%～0.2%，此外，还对1300个孤独症的家庭监测中发现，尽管父母在患儿18个月时发现有些异常，大约2岁时带患儿去就医，但孤独症诊断的平均年龄为6岁，在这中间，不到10%的儿童在初诊时做出诊断，另有10%儿童列入随访中，而80%的孩子被转诊至其他专业医生处(其患儿的平均年龄为40个月)，其中40%患儿得到明确的诊断，另有25%患儿的家长却被告知“无须担忧”，还有25%的孩子继续转诊至第3或第4个专业医生。
在男女发病方面存在明显的差异，多数报道为4～5∶1。
我国尚无关于儿童孤独病的流行病学调查资料。
【病因】目前孤独症的病因仍不明了，有关学者对孤独症的病因开展了极为广泛的研究，越来越多的证据表明，生物学因素(主要是遗传因素)和胎儿宫内环境因素，在孤独症的发病中有重要作用，成为目前病因研究的热点。
以自闭症为主题的英语作文
以自闭症为主题的英语作文Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that affects individuals in various ways, often manifesting in challenges with social interaction, communication, and behavior. It is a condition that has been increasingly recognized and studied in recent years, yet there remains much to be understood about its causes, characteristics, and optimal treatment strategies. This essay aims to provide a multi-angled, high-quality analysis of autism, addressing various aspects of the condition and discussing the need for high-standard support and inclusion.Firstly, it is essential to recognize that autism is a spectrum condition, meaning that it presents in a wide range of severities and combinations of symptoms. This range of expression is part of what makes autism so complex and challenging to understand. Some individuals with autism may have difficulty with basic communication and social skills, while others may excel in specific areas such as math, music, or art. Therefore, it is crucial to approach each individual with autism as a unique case, recognizing their specific strengths and challenges.Another crucial aspect of autism is its neurobiological basis. Research suggests that autism is linked to differences in brain development and functioning, particularly in areas related to social cognition and communication. These neurobiological differences may explain why individuals with autism often have difficulty understanding and navigating social cues, as well as why they may experience sensory processing issues and repetitive behaviors. Understanding these neurobiological aspects of autism is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies that target the underlying causes of symptoms.However, it is also important to recognize that autism is not solely a neurobiological condition. Social and environmental factors also play asignificant role in shaping the lives of individuals with autism. For example, the level of support and understanding provided by families, schools, and communities can have a profound impact on an autistic person's ability to function and thrive. A supportive and inclusive environment can help individuals with autism develop their social skills, enhance their self-esteem, and achieve their full potential. Conversely, a lack of understanding and support can lead to isolation, frustration, and other negative outcomes.Given the complexity and uniqueness of autism, it is crucial to adopt a multi-faceted approach to supporting individuals with this condition. This includes providing comprehensive educational and therapeutic services that address the specific needs of each individual, as well as promoting awareness and understanding among the general population. It is also essential to involve individuals with autism and their families in the decision-making process, ensuring that their voices are heard and their needs are met.Moreover, high-quality support for individuals with autism should adhere to strict standards of professionalism and ethics. This includes ensuring that support personnel are well-trained and have the necessary skills to work effectively with autistic individuals. It also involves respecting the autonomy and dignity of autistic individuals, treating them with compassion and respect, and promoting their rights and well-being.In conclusion, autism is a complex condition that requires a multi-angled, high-quality approach to understanding and support. By recognizing the neurobiological, social, and environmental factors that contribute to autism, and by providing comprehensive, individualized support that adheres to high standards of professionalism and ethics, we can help individuals with autism lead fulfilling and meaningful lives within their communities. It is a task that requires the commitment and collaboration of families, professionals, and society at large, but it is a task that is worth undertaking for the sake of those who live with autism and their loved ones.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Spectrum = variability within and across these areas 1 in 150 children diagnosed with autism includes the entire spectrum
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Rhett’s Disorder (299.80)
(A) All of the following:
apparently normal prenatal and perinatal development apparently normal psychomotor development through the first 5 months after birth normal head circumference at birth
Facts about Rhett’s Disorder
Complex neurological disorder Genetic in origin Primarily in girls Present at birth but more apparent during second year Second most common cause of severe learning disability in girls 1:10,000 to 1:23, 000 diagnosed Period of temporary regression including loss of communication skills, and purposeful hand movements
DSM-IV criteria (continued)
Umbrella term is really Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD)
5 different subtypes of PDD
Autistic Disorder Asperger’s Disorder PDD-NOS Rhett’s Disorder Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (299.10)
(A) Apparently normal development for at least the first 2 years after birth as manifested by the presence of age-appropriate verbal and nonverbal communication, social relationships, play, and adaptive behavior. (B) Clinically significant loss of previously acquired skills (before age 10 years) in at least two of the following areas:
(B) Onset of all of the following after the period of normal development:
deceleration of head growth between ages பைடு நூலகம் and 48 months loss of previously acquired purposeful hand skills between ages 5 and 30 months with the subsequent development of stereotyped hand movements (e.g., hand-wringing or hand washing) loss of social engagement early in the course (although often social interaction develops later) appearance of poorly coordinated gait or trunk movements severely impaired expressive and receptive language development with severe psychomotor retardation
Let’s take a look at each one to get a more comprehensive idea of this disorder
DSM-IV criteria
First, important to note that autism is a spectrum disorder characterized by:
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
Cara Kimberg, M.S.
What is Autism?
Four ways to “define” autism
DSM-IV Parents with a child with autism Individuals with autism What we know (i.e. stereotypes of autism)
expressive or receptive language social skills or adaptive behavior bowel or bladder control play motor skills qualitative impairment in social interaction (e.g., impairment in nonverbal behaviors, failure to develop peer relationships, lack of social or emotional reciprocity) qualitative impairments in communication (e.g., delay or lack of spoken language, inability to initiate or sustain a conversation, stereotyped and repetitive use of language, lack of varied make-believe play) restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities, including motor stereotypies and mannerisms