汽车噪声翻译
00087英语翻译必背词汇

英汉翻译教程每课必背重点词汇每课重点词汇Lesson 11. fellow countrymen 同胞2. average height 中等身材3. gleaming eyes 闪光的眼睛4. in his middle twenties 二十多岁5. to be seated 招呼坐下6. stand squarely 端端正正地站着7. more than ten years his junior 比他年轻十几岁8. revolutionary road 革命道路9. Chinese communist Party 中国共产党10. full member 正式成员11. membership 党籍12. keep a secret 保密Lesson 21. immeasurable contrast 迥然不同2. to and fro 走来走去3. upturn face 仰着脸4. sweet spring 芬芳的春天5. anger and bitterness 又气愤又苦恼6. dense fog 大雾7. tense and anxious 紧张而焦急8. 五一的下午on the afternoon of May 1st9. 无言的呼唤wordless cry10. 探测绳sounding-lineLesson 31. 各种流派的different schools2. 前两天a few days ago3. 受限制be restricted/be subjected to4. 传统观念traditional thinking5. 不合理的制度irrational system6. 最高境界the highest state7. 浓妆艳抹heavy make up8. 主人公chief character/principal character9. 花言巧语flowery language10. 社会进步和人性发展social progress and human development Lesson 41. 工业革命Industrial Revolution2. 多功能的机器multi-purpose machine3. 出于自愿和兴趣on one’s own account, out of interest4. 新兴城市the rising town5. 大胆的举止in a bolder manner6. 实干家practical man7. 交通动脉arteries of communication8. in the air 传说中,酝酿中9. source of power 能源10. outstanding feature 突出特点Lesson 51. 极西地带far west2. 山区mountainous regions3. 永久定居permanent settlement4. 为…打下基础lay foundations for5. 专门从事devote exclusively to6. 合法手续legal title7. establish communities 建立村镇8. stock-raising 养殖畜牧业9. open public domain 开放的公共地带10. regular event 常事11. high plains 高原12. criss-crossed 纵横交错Lesson 6 1. 新民主主义new democracy2. 五四运动the May 4th Movement3. 辛亥革命the Revolution of 19114. 革命知识分子revolutionaryintellectuals5. 帝国主义imperialist6. 无产阶级proletariat7. 在…的号召下at the call of8. 小资产阶级知识分子petty-bourgeois intellectuals9. 统一战线的革命运动therevolutionary movement of a unitedfront10. 平民文学literature for thecommon people11. 北伐战争the NorthernExpedition12. 右翼the rightwingLesson 71. life-giving 赋予生命2. everlastingly 无穷无尽的3. the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲4. freshly harvested 刚割的5. Mediterranean 地中海6. the Pyramids 金字塔7. negative effects 不良的后果8. a ghost town 鬼城;被遗弃的荒芜的城镇9. brightly painted 颜色鲜艳的10. member of a team 队员11. 河流入海口the mouth of theriver12. 水坝发电power generated by thedamLesson 81. Mt. Lofty Ranges 洛夫蒂岭山2. average annual rainfall 平均年降雨量3. surveyor general 测量总监4. business district 商业区5. residential section 住宅区6. municipal government 市政府/自治政府7. lord mayoralty 市长的职位8. mineral deposit 矿藏9. marketing centre 贸易中心10. automobile components 汽车部件11. 地中海型气候Mediterraneanclimate12. 文艺节Festival of ArtsLesson 91. Palace Museum 故宫博物院2. walled courtyard 带围墙的院子3. watchtower 更楼4. complete group o f ancient buildings完整的古代建筑群5. ravages of time 时间的摧残6. ancient Chinese architecture古代中国建筑7. historical sites 历史遗址8. cobbled roadway 鹅卵石路9. Golden Water Bridge 金水桥10. typical masterpiece 具有代表意义的杰作Lesson 101. global economy 全球性的经济2. sovereign nation 主权国家3. mutual prosperity 共同繁荣4. sum total 总数,总额5. foreign investment 外国投资6. per capita GNP 人均国民生产总值7. 沿海地区coastal areas8. 平均率average rate9. 电力生产electrical production10. 双边贸易two way trade11. 外汇foreign exchange12. 生活水平standard of livingLesson 111. marine insurance 海事保险2. flows of capital资本流动3. foreign exchange dealing 外汇交易4. outward investor 对外投资者5. Pacific region 太平洋地区6. the right climate for 良好的环境7. vast size and resources 地大物博8. to take a real interest in sth. 密切关注某事9. coastal city 沿海城市10. international community 国际社会11. entrepreneurial spirit 进取精神12. 对外开放政策the policy ofopening to the outside world13. 世界投资体系world investmentsystem14. 经济改革economic reformsLesson 121. 基本方针basic principle2. 自给自足self-sufficiency3. 客观有利因素favorable objectivefactors4. 生产条件production condition5. 耕地cultivated land6. 中、低产田medium-and-low-yieldland7. 灌溉面积irrigated areas8. 宜农荒地arable land9. 复种指数multiple crop index10. 水利工程water-control projects11. 单位面积产量the yield per unitarea12. 粮食总产量目标total grainoutput targetLesson 131. agonizing flashback 痛苦的回忆2. come and go 霎时即去3. property damage 财产损失4. monotonous 单调的,枯燥的5. flash-flooding 暴雨成灾6. to imprint on one’s mind 印在某人的脑海里7. scare tactic 吓唬人的办法8. power of nature 大自然的力量9. river bed 河床10. to give sth. much thought 仔细想某事11. 无情的relentless12. 雨季rainy seasonLesson 141. maternal grandfather 外祖父2. the flower of one’s youth 风华正茂3. popular science 科普读物4. undue absorption in the past 过分地怀念过去5. sucking vigor 汲取力量6. live one’s own life 独立生活7. the founder of Girton College 戈登学院的创办人8. clinging to youth 与年轻人呆在一起9. 过去的好时光the good old days10. 高等教育higher educationLesson 151. 旧梦重温going through old dreams2. 儿童出版社Children press3. 散文集collection of essays4. 丝绸之路the Silk Road5. 历史古迹the historic sites6. 大英博物馆the British Museum7. 简单的早餐simple breakfast8. 花坛flower bad9. 斗兽场arena10. 教皇PopeLesson 161. market-day 赶集的日子2.Sir John约翰爵士3.the renowned knight 著名的武士4.county history郡志5. lineal representative of the ancientfamily 古老世家的嫡派子孙Lesson 171. drug store 杂货店2. meticulously dressed 精心打扮,穿着讲究,一点不马虎3. tentative and uncertain manner 试探和踌躇的举止4.sb.’s face suddenly brighten 某人的脸上突然露出喜色Lesson 181. 初冬early winter2. 做中间人的;做中人的thego-between3. 月白色的pale green4. 祥林嫂Xianglin’s wife5. 试工期trial period6. 严厉的婆婆strict mother-in-law7. 打柴cut wood8. 熬夜to sit up9. 福礼sacrificial meat10.不惜力气not sparing oneselfLesson 191. a narrow swale 狭长的洼地2. the birth and death of the day 每一天的诞生和死亡3. the range of mountain 山脉4. mind and twist 蜿蜒5. a kind of invitation 殷勤邀请6. a beloved mother 亲爱的母亲7. dread of畏惧8. canyon峡谷9. sand bank 沙案10. part-time river 季节性河流Lesson 201. a far cry from 完全不同2. self-assurance 自信3. sober-faced 沉静的;镇静的4. odd-shaped 怪样子的5. well-mannered silence 规规矩矩,一声不响6. sailor suit 水手服7. the ice was broken 打破了僵局8. in unison 齐声;一致9. stare at sb. 凝视某人10. all of a sudden 突然11. resonant voice 洪亮的声音Lesson 211. 拉家带口be saddled with bigfamily2. 拉排字车pull a hand cart3. 腊月二十三the twenty-third of thetwelfth lunar month4. 前台front stage5. 小买卖人a peddler6. 养家to support the family7. 喊嗓子to practice singing8. 零工odd jobs9. 排队queue up10. 落汤鸡a drowned rat11. it rains cats and dogs 瓢泼大雨12. no show, no pay 不响锣,不给钱Lesson 221. mineral oil 矿物油2. onboard ship 在船上3. on shore 在岸上4. at chemist’s 在药店5. internal combustion engine 内燃机6. carriage drawn by the horse 马车7. be superior to 优于;好于8. in this respect 在这方面9. a thin file of oil 薄薄的一层油10. oil-burning lamp 油灯Lesson 231. superhighway 高速公路2. applied entomology 应用昆虫学3. living organisms 生物体4. an insect-free world 无昆虫的世界5. now and again 有时6. right to know 知情权7. science of biotic controls 生物控制学8. turn one’s back on 拒绝;冷眼相看9. entomologist 昆虫学家10. geneticist 遗传学家Lesson 241. 自然资源natural resources2. 人均per capita3. 淡水资源freshwater resources4. 长期的long-term5. 国民经济national economy6. 战略任务strategic task7. 大陆架continental shelves8. 专属经济区遣exclusive economic zones9. 海洋生物sea creature10. 低纬度low latitude11. 沉积盆地sedimentation basin12. 海洋旅游业marine tourism Lesson 251. environmental law 环保法2. noise pollution 噪声污染3. public concerns 公众关注4. industrial pollutions 工业污染5. federal law 联邦法6. vaguely worded 措辞含糊7. court of appeals 上诉法院8. to grant a license 颁发许可证9. natural beauty 自然美10. Federal power Commission 联邦电力委员会Lesson 261. The Contracting States 成员国;缔约国2. copyright 版权3. universal convention 世界公约4. international understanding 国际间的了解5. domestic legislation 国内立法6. as follows如下7. unpublished works 未出版的作品8. works of the human mind 人类精神产品Lesson 271. 中外合资经营企业Chinese -Foreign Equity Joint Venture2. 经济合作economic cooperation3. 技术交流technological exchange4. 平等互利的原则principle of equality and mutual benefit5. 公共利益public interest6. 有限责任公司 a limited liability company7. 注册资本. Registered capital8. 工业产权industrial property rights9. 先进技术advanced technology10. 董事会board of directors11. 总会计师treasurer12. 审计师auditor13. 储备基金reserve fund14. 外汇账户foreign exchangeaccountLesson 281. toast 祝酒词2. common ground 共同点3. differences 分歧4. magnificent dinner 盛大晚宴5.Compromise 妥协;让步6.Welcoming banquet 欢迎宴会7.Telecommunicate 电讯8.Prime minister 总理Lesson 291. full diplomatic relations 正式外交关系2. the Long March 长征3. the policies of reform and opening tothe outside world 改革和对外开放政策4. Sino-American relationship 中美关系5. historically significant experiment具有历史意义的尝试6. developing country 发展中国家7.Developed country 发达国家8.International affairs 国际事务9.Scientific exchange 科学交流10.National security policy 国家安全政策Lesson 301. 金秋时节golden fall2. 学术交流academic exchange3. 加强合作to promote cooperation4. 历史文化传统historical andcultural traditions5. 深刻的影响a profound impact6. 生化方式way of life7. 民族团结ethnic harmony; ethnicsolidarity8. 区域自治regional autonomy9. 民族精神national spirit10. 周边环境neighboringenvironment11. 和平共处peaceful coexistence12.互相尊重mutual respect13.平等互利equality and mutualbenefit14.互不干涉内政non-interference15.振兴中华rejuvenation of China课本中重点掌握的章节:Unit 2 HistoryUnit 4 EconomyUnit 8 Popular ScienceUnit 9 LawUnit 10 Speeches其中Unit 4、Unit 8、Unit 10尤为重要。
汽车NVH(振动噪音乘坐舒适性)学习(日文版翻译)-4

ROLL 振动
跳振 上下弯曲
驱动系扭转 1 次 悬架前后 动力总成刚体 车体跳振 车体弯曲
12
加减速振动 发动机悬架, 发动机特性
概要 从加减速时的冲击来讨论支架的特性(通常的橡胶)以及发动机的输出特性。
悬架特性
图 a 表示加减速时作用于前悬架的振动输入。(相 当 于 2 nd2000rpm ~ 的 全 开 加 速 行 驶 发 动 机 扭 矩 10kgmYF) 1) 线性弹簧常数的倾向 ・如果弹簧常数变大,振动输入增加。(虽然弹簧 常数低最好,但是衰减性恶化) ・因冲击输入,峰值是平均值的 2 倍。 ・线性弹簧输入最小。 2) 2 折弹簧常数比
dB-c
3. 车内音 图 b 表示约3700rpm高速空转的前座声的分析结果(YB4G3图2C 不嗡嗡平音衡发生1时根的传车动内音轴分)析。(03.6590次rp(m r约acing) 30Hz)跳动的声音大体同水平的大小下发生,听到的不是嗡嗡声而是隆隆声,间隔30~50Hz 有 2 个以 上的相同程度的声音的情况下发出隆隆声,50~Hz 的情况下发出 GO 声(如果低频间隔 2 个以上的声音 合成的话,与发出 BITE 声同原理。)。
・提高驱动轴的扭转刚性(提高 fn,改善衰 减力)
・降低驱动系的低弹簧、松动(离合器片、 驱动轴等)(降低松动引起的冲击力)
动力总成 ROLL 振动 座椅升降器前后振动
2)动力总成 ・提高动力总成的侧倾衰减、流体悬架等 (缓和发动机扭矩反力的冲击)
驱动系扭振是主体振动
3)悬架 ・提高前后衰减(缓和前后冲击)
变速箱
轮胎
车轮
驱动轴
图 a 驱动系扭转系
扭转 1 次振动
主
轴
扭 矩
pollution翻译

pollution翻译【释义】pollutionn.污染;污染物;噪音污染,(夜间扰人的)强烈灯光【短语】1 air pollution环境空气污染;环境大气污染; 污浊空气; 空气染污2 water pollution环境水污染; 水源污染; 水体污染3 noise pollution环境噪音污染;环境噪声污染; 噪音公害4 environmental pollution环境环境污染; 公害; 环境净化; 情况污染5 Marine pollution环境海洋污染; 海洋6 pollution prevention污染预防; 防污染7 white pollution白色污染; 红色净化; 噪音污染; 白色净化8 Air Pollution Index环境空气污染指数; 气污染指数; 空气污染指标9 genetic pollution基因污染【例句】1 Pollution can aggravate asthma.污染会使气喘加重。
2 Pollution can harm marine life.污染会危及海洋生物。
3 We need more laws to stop pollution.我们需要制定更多法律来防止污染。
4 Pollution is threatening marine life.污染正危及海洋生物。
5 We are taking steps to prevent pollution.我们正在采取措施防止污染。
6 Steps are to be taken to abate pollution.应该采取措施减少污染。
7 Pollution is still very much a live issue.污染仍然是目前非常让人关注的问题。
8 Cars cause pollution, both smog and acid rain.汽车引起污染,既有烟雾又有酸雨。
9 The level of pollution in the river was falling.该河流受污染的程度其时正在降低。
新版典范英语7-2Noisy Neighbours原文及翻译

第二篇原文:Noisy Neighbours1Mr FlinchIn a grim, grey house in a grim, grey town lived an unhappy man.It was not his grey house that made Mr Flinch unhappy. It was not that he was poor, because he was not. Mr Flinch was a miser. He never gave away a penny. ( He never gave away a smile either. ) He was a mean and miserable man.Mr Flinch was miserable because of his neighbours.On one side of Mr Flinch’s grim, grey house stood a jolly red one. It belonged to Carl Clutch who mended cars.Carl loved cars –and motorbikes and vans and lorries. Every morning, Mr Flinch woke up to hear hammers banging, spanners clanging and engines revving. The whole street shook with the noise.On the other side, in a bright blue house, lived a music teacher called Poppy Plink. Each morning, Poppy sat down and played grand tunes on her grand piano. After breakfast, her students started to arrive.Violins screeched, drums thundered and bassoons bellowed. Mr Flinch shut his window, but the noise still came through the wall. Brum – brum, tootle – toot, bang! His whole house shook and shivered.He put his fingers in his ears.He rapped on the wall … but his neighbours did not hear.They were far too happy. They were mending cars and making music, and they loved their work.Brum – brum, tootle – toot, bang!Mr Flinch rap rapped until he made holes in his wallpaper. It did no good.Mr Flinch locked himself in a cupboard. He wound old towels round his head.He wrote angry letters, but tore them all up. ‘ Stamps cost far too much money!’ he said.Even in bed, he wore a hat to keep out the noise.But the cars still revved and the music still jangled.Mr Flinch was the grey filling in a noise sandwich.‘This can’t go on,’ Flinch thought to himself. He even shouted it out loud:2Nasty TricksMr Flinch went next door to Carl’s house. Carl was mending cars. It was easy to sneak into his kitchen and put a dead rat in the fridge.‘That will get rid of him!’ said Flinch, and smiled a nasty smile. ‘Nobody wants to live in a house wi th rats!’At midnight, Mr Flinch climbed on to his roof and –carefully, carefully –crawled across the tiles. He put his head down Poppy’s chimney and gave a long, loud, ‘Hooowooowoooo!’‘That will get ride of her,’ he said with a grim grin. ‘Nobody want s to live in a house with ghosts!’Then he climbed back into bed.Next morning, Mr Flinch woke to a HUGE noise. Cars and lorries were stopping outside. He looked out of his window.Carl was sitting outside in the rood, with a table, a kettle, a loaf of bread and a bottle of tomato sauce.Carl called to Mr Flinch, ‘Can’t use my kitchen today! Rays, urgh! My mum is cleaning up. She told me to eat my breakfast outside. That’s how I got this great idea! Take –away breakfast! Drivers can stop here and buy breakfast.’Just then, Poppy P link came running out of her blue front door. ‘Oh, Mr Flinch! Oh, Carl! Guess what happened last night!’‘I give up,’ said Mr Flinch, with a sumg smirk. ‘Do tell.’Poppy beamed with joy. ‘Last night, angles sang down my chimney! They did, I promise!’ She frowned. ‘But the music wasn’t very good! I think they want some new songs to sing! I’m sure they want me to write them, and I shall! Oh I shall!’She did.Poppy still had to teach music all day.But at night she wrote angle music. She made it nice and loud, with lots of cymbals and trumpets.It was all too much for Mr Flinch.3Mr Flinch has a PlanMr Flinch went next door to Carl’s house.He showed Carl a fistful of money. ‘The day you move house, all this is yours!’ he said.‘Anything you say, chief,’ said Carl, wiping his dirty hands on a rag.‘As long as I can mend cars, I’ll be happy anywhere.’ Carl went on, ‘I’ll move outas soon as I can sell the house!’Next, Mr Flinch went to Poppy’s house and offered her a hatful of money. ‘Th e day you move house, all this is yours!’ he said.‘Of course! If that is what you want, dear heart! Cried Poppy.She had never seen so much money in her life. ‘As long as I have my music, I can be happy anywhere! I will move out just as soon as I can sell my little house!’Mr Flinch went home a happy man – well, as happy as a man like Mr Flinch can ever be.He felt in his empty pockets and gulped. ‘All that money gone! Ah, but soon those noisy neighbours will be gone, too!’In a few days, Mr Flin ch’s neighbours had sold up their houses.Now, at last, he would have peace and quiet –nothing but the noise of mice scratching in the empty cellar.4 Moving DayMr Flinch watched as Poppy Plink moved out. Bo-jangle went the piano as she pushed and bumped it down the steps.‘Going already are you, you pest?’ he mutted. ‘I pity the person who has to live next door to you!’Seeing him, Poppy waved up at the window.‘Such luck, Mr Flinch!’ she called. ‘Fancy! A few days ago, I met someone who wants to move house too! We agreed to swap houses!’Just then, Carl came out of his front door carrying two heavy tool boxes. He sawPoppy struggling with a harp and went to help her. ‘All set, Poppy? he said.‘All set, Carl! Isn’t this fun!’ She replied.Then Carl moved into Poppy’s bright house and Poppy moved into Carl’s jolly red one.They helped each other to carry the big things, like tables and sofas.Then Carl had a house-warming party. He and Poppy sang, because they were so happy: ‘There’s no place like home!’Mr Flinch heard it right through the wall of his house … even inside his cupboard, even with a towel round his head.第二篇翻译:吵闹的邻居1.Flinch先生在一个阴森的,灰色的城镇中,有一座阴森的,灰色的房子,房子中又生活了一个不快乐的男人。
汽车振动噪声控制技术基础

2013年8月21日星期三
MKV系列传声器
MKV401 主要用于高声强及高频声学测量。
2013年8月21日星期三
阵列及表面传声器
阵列传声器-MPA416 声望MPA416 为1/4英寸预极化自由场测量传声器,主要 用于阵列和通用声学测量。 特征 : - 高灵敏度 ‐ 50 mV/Pa:在1/4 英寸的传声器中该灵敏度 相对较高,与数采卡连接,可提供强信号输出。 - 低本底噪声‐ 29 dB(A) :MPA416 的本底噪声为29dB (A),可用来对计算机、家用电器及其它低噪声机器的噪 声进行测量。 - 20 Hz~20 kHz 范围内的频率响应:MPA416的频率响应 符合 IEC 61672 Class 1 标准要求。 - 相位匹配:对于声阵列客户,MPA416 传声器的相位差 可控制在3-5°之内。
汽车振动噪声控制技术基础
汽车振动噪声控制技术基础
汽车NVH 汽车NVH测量仪器 汽车噪声常用的测量方法 振动噪声主要分析方法
2013年8月21日星期三
NVH的基本概念
NVH——Noise,Vibration, Harshness Noise —— 噪声 主要分析频率范围:20Hz ~ 5000Hz 通过频率特性、幅值和品质来评价 Vibration —— 振动 主要分析频率范围:0.5Hz ~ 50Hz 通过频率特性、幅值和方向来评价 Harshness —— ? 国内有多种翻译,如粗糙度、平顺性等,但都不是很妥贴 主要指的是由于振动噪声的综合影响导致的粗糙、刺耳和 不和谐的感觉 主要与路面的激励有关 研究频率范围:低频
2013年8月21日星期三
我国汽车车外噪声概况
GB 1495—1979 《机动车辆允许噪声》
汽车专业英语词汇

引擎机动力改装部分:进气管==Intake空气过滤器==冬菇头==air filter排气管==尾喉/死气喉==Exhause消音器==mufeler机油冷却器==oil cooler火花塞==火嘴==spark plug火嘴线==spark plug wires阀门==滑老==valve滑轮==pully活塞==piston曲轴==crankshaft凸轮轴==cam shaft气门弹簧==滑老弹弓==valve spring涡轮增压==turbo charger机械增压==super charger中冷==inter cooler放气阀门==放气滑老==blow-off valve废气阀门==wastgate压力控制器(怎么也想不出个的翻译)==水喉制==boost controller喷油嘴==大唧咀==Injector头批==down pipe行车电脑==ECU制动悬挂部分:轮圈==车伶==Rim刹车碟==迫力碟==rotor活塞卡钳==鲍鱼==caliper刹车片==迫力皮/来令片==brake pad避震==suspention(避震分为弹簧/弹弓==spring 和减震桶==shock 两部分)整套避震又叫coilover波子塔顶==Pillow Ball Top Mounts防倾杆==sway bar用在车里的加强杆==tower bar用在车底的加强杆==lower arm bar传动部分:末齿比==大尾牙==Final Drive差速器==LSD离合器==极力子==clutch飞轮==flywheel车身部分:大包围==bodykit(车头==front bumper, 车尾==rear bumper, 车别裙==side skirt)尾翼==sopiler车头盖==hood (两种不同材质:碳纤维==carbon fiber, 玻璃钢==firberglass)(engine type) liquid cooled, in-line, 4cylinder, carb (发动机型号)水冷,直列,四缸,化油器式(engine) compression ratio (发动机)压缩比(engine) displacement (发动机)排量(engine) fuel (发动机)燃料13-mode 13工况3rd gear 三档齿轮3-way seat 三向座椅4WD control device 四轮驱动控制装置4WD indicator switch 四轮驱动指示灯开关4WD lamp electrical connection 四轮驱动指示灯接线4WD switch 四轮驱动开关5th synchromesh assy. 五档同步器总成6PK belt 6PK 多楔驱动皮带A / C compressor assembly 空调压缩机总成A / C control assembly 空调控制装置A/C & heater assy. 空调加热器总成A/C blower 空调鼓风机A/C clutch 空调压缩机离合器A/C compressor MTG bracket 空调压缩机安装支架A/C control assy. 空调控制器A/C housing assy. 空调箱总成A/C low pressure switch 空调低压开关A/C mode select switch 空调状态选择开关abdomen performance criterion 腹部性能指标Abdominal Peak Force 腹部力峰值ABS 防抱死制动系统acceleration fuel system 加速系统acceleration running noise level 加速行驶噪声accelerator interlocking type 加速踏板联锁式accounting foundation 财政基础Actual cycle work 实际循环功Actual torso angle 实际躯干角adapter 连接器additional features 附加装置additional rule 附加法规adjust screw 调整螺钉adjuster cable 调整拉线adjuster plug 调整盖adjuster screw assy. 调整螺栓总成adjuster washer 调整棘片adjuster, diff. bearing 差速器轴承调整螺母Adjustment system 调节装置Administration and Registration Division 管理科Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled V ehicles, Equipment and Parts Which Can Be Fitted and/or Be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of These Prescriptions 关于对轮式车辆、安装和/或用于轮式车辆的装备和部件采用统一条件并相互认可基于上述条件批准的协定书Agreement Regulations 协定法规air cleaner 空气滤清器air cleaner assy. 空气滤清器总成air cleaner cartridge 空气滤清器滤芯Air compressor 空压机air condition compressor 空调压缩机air direct 空气走向air filter 空气滤清器air flow 空气流向Air flow meter 空气流量计air jet 空气量孔air metering hole 空气量孔air path 气道Air Pressure of Tire 轮胎气压Air type 空气型air valve 空气阀air-cooled 风冷Aisles 通道Alcohol 酒精all bearing 球轴承alternater bracket 发动机支架alternator 交流发电机alternator assembly 交流发电机总成alumininum-rim 铝合金钢圈alumininum opposed model 铝制对开式AM/FM cassette stereo radio 调幅/调频立体声收放机ambulance 救护车Amended by 修正文amount of exhaust emission 排气排放量Amplitude resolution 幅度分辨率Analogue magnetic recorder 模拟式磁记录仪ANAL YZER 分析仪anchor plate, brake caliper 制动钳安装支架Anchorage 座椅固定装置Angle of divergence 偏离角Angle of rotation 旋转角angles drift off vertical line 指针偏离垂直线的角度Angular diameter of the retro-reflecting device 回复反射装置的角直径annex 附件Announcement 公告anti, shutdown screw 防不灭车调整螺钉Antilock Brake System 防抱死制动系统appendix 附录Applicable motor vehicle 适用机动车Applicable scope 适用范围applicant 申请人application 申请application for notification 认可申请书approval 认可arm, valve rocket 摇臂armature 转子总成armature shaft 电枢轴Arm-rests 靠手Article 条Article 1 第1条Asphalt solution 沥青溶剂Attached document 附署文件attached sheet 附表Attached Table 附表attaching location of seat belt anchorage 座椅安全带固定装置的固定位置attachment 附属文件Attendants onboard 车上值班人员automatic chock cover setting 自动阻风门盖调到automotive electric system 汽车电系automotive engine system 引擎系统automatic transmission 自动变速器,自动排挡变速箱Auxiliary Brake 辅助制动器Auxiliary Direction Indicator Lamps 辅助转向信号灯auxiliary spring 副簧Auxiliary Stop Lamp 辅助驻车灯axle case 桥壳axle case assy. 桥壳总成axle ratio 桥速比axle tube 桥管axle weight 轴重back angle level 靠背角水平仪back angle quadrant 靠背角量角器back pan 靠板back spring 回位弹簧backing plate 制动底板Backing sheet 衬背板Back-Up Light 倒车灯backup washer 支撑挡圈bail wire 卡紧环balance tube 平衡管ball 钢球ball bearing 球轴承ball joint assy. , upper 上球销总成ball valve 球阀ball valve, inlet 进油口球阀bar 拉杆barrier 障碍壁battery 蓄电池battery terminal 蓄电池接线柱bearing cap 轴承盖bearing cover, input shaft 输入轴轴承盖bearing, connecting rod 连杆轴承bearing, input shaft 输入轴轴承Bed for babies 婴儿床bell 带束层bench seat 长条座椅berived cap 轴承盖bezel assy. 框板总成bezel, cluster 表框be pilot 小批量产品blead door 混合风门bleeder screw 放气螺钉blower assy. 鼓风机总成blower motor 鼓风发电机blower resistor 鼓风机电阻blower switch 鼓风机开关body 车身,阀体body & liftgate assembly 车身和举升门总成body assy. 车身总成body block 人体模块body of A/C & heater 空调加热器壳体bolt 主缸连接螺栓bolt, connecting rod 连杆螺栓Booster 助力器boot 护罩BOSCH starter motor assembly “波舍”起动机总成bottle assy. , coolant recover 冷却液回收罐总成bottom houseing, fuel pump 燃油泵下壳体bottom housing, fuel tank 燃油箱下壳体bracket 支架bracket assy. , spring seat 弹簧座支架bracket, steering damper mounting 转向减振器支架brake alarm lamp 制动报警灯brake alarm lamp switch 制动报警灯开关Brake booster 制动助力器brake caliper 制动钳brake caliper assy. 制动钳总成brake caliper piston 制动钳活塞brake combination valve 制动组合阀brake disc 制动盘Brake drum 制动鼓brake fluid 刹车油Brake hose 制动软管brake lining 刹车来令brake line, LF 左前制动油管brake line, RF 右前制动油管brake oil flow 制动液流向brake paddle 制动踏板brake pedal 制动踏板Brake pipe 制动管brake shoes 刹车蹄片brake shoe 制动衬块Brake System 制动系Brake Systems for Tractors and Trailers 牵引车及挂车的制动装置Brake tester 制动器试验台brake valve 制动阀brake warning lamp 制动报警灯brake warning switch 制动报警开关Braking efficiency 制动效能braking force control system 制动控制装置Braking wheel 制动轮branch office 分署breaker 断电器bridge 过桥broadcasting vehicle 广播车brush 碳刷总成Buckle 带扣bulkhead 隔板Bulldozer 推土机bumper 保险杠Bumper element 保险杠构件bus transfer 车辆转移台bushing 衬套bushing, upper control arm 上控制臂衬套Business Place 业务场所bypass valve 旁通阀Cabinet Decision 内阁决议cable guide 拉线导向块cable-operated control system 液压式离合器系统Calibration factor of a data channel 数据通道校正系数calibration gas 标定气体calibration method 标定方法caliper assy. , front brake 前制动钳总成Camber 外倾camber angle 前轮外倾角camshaft 凸轮轴camshaft oil gallery 凸轮轴油道cap 加机油口盖cap assy. , power steering fluid reservoir 动力转向液油罐盖cap assy. , radiator 散热器盖总成cap screws 螺钉cap, connecting rod 连杆盖Capacity 容量,规格Capacity of the fuel tank 燃油箱容量capillary tube 毛细管carbon brushes & brush holder 电刷支架总成Carbon monoxide measuring instrument 一氧化碳分析仪Carburetor 化油器carburetor assy. 化油器总成carburetor bowl 化油器浮子室carburetor bowl vent system 化油器浮子室通风系统carburetor overhaul scheme 化油器分解图carburetor working scheme 化油器工作示意图carcase 胎体case runout (Max.) 差速器壳圆跳动(最大)Caster 后倾Catalyst 催化器category 类别cement and aggregate 水泥和混凝料Centreplane of occupant 乘员中心面Certified 经认证的Cetane number 十六烷值chain 驱动链chain drive 驱动链Channel amplitude class 幅度级通道Channel Frequency Class 频率级通道chassis 底盘chassis dynamometer 底盘测功机chassis shuttle 底盘平移台chassis number 底盘号Check and Maintenance 检查和保养check assy. , front door 前门限位器总成check assy. , rear door 后门限位器总成check ball 回止球check bracket 限位器支架check nut 限位器螺母check valve 单向阀check valve hole 回止阀孔check valve retainer 单向阀保持架check valve spring 单向阀弹簧check weight 回止块Chigi Circular No. 地技第…号Chigi No. 地技第…号Child Restraints 儿童约束装置chime module 蜂鸣器Chishin Circular No. 地审第…号Chishin No. 地审第…号chock heater 阻风门加热器总成chock plate 阻风门chock unloaded 阻风门连动装置choke 阻风门choke device 阻风装置choke unload mode 阻风门卸载状态cigarette lighter 点烟器circuit breaker, wiper/washer 刮水器/洗涤器电器断路器Circular 通告circular notice 通告clamp 卡圈Clamp ring type 锁紧圈式Cleaning efficiency 清洗效率Cleaning period 清洗周期clearance 最小离地间隙Clearance Lamp 示廓灯cylinder head 气缸盖clip 卡子cluster housing 组合仪表壳Clutch system 离合器clutch assembly 离合器总成clutch control device 离合器控制装置clutch disc,clutch 离合器片clutch housing 离合器壳clutch master cylinder 离合器主缸clutch working cylinder 离合器工作缸Coating 涂层Code No. 型号Code of Federal Regulations 美国联邦法规总览Coefficient of luminous intensity (CIL) 亮度系数coil spring 圈状弹簧cold air 冷空气cold cranking voltage(min.) 最小冷启动电压collapsible spacer 可压缩隔垫collector 拼装台colorimeter 色度计coloured-light unit 有色灯光组column assy. 转向管柱总成combination brake switch and proporting 组合阀combined lamp 复合灯combined pump 复合泵combined pump diaphragm 复合泵膜片combined pump diaphragm rod 复合泵膜片杆combined pump lifter link 复合泵举升拉杆combined pump move direct 复合泵运动方向Combustion Chamber 燃烧室commutator 换向器compensate opening 补偿孔completion inspection certificate 终了检验证书Completion of notification 完成认可compressor 压缩机compression (both) 气环槽(两个)compression ignition type 压燃式Compression ratio 压缩比concrete mixer truck 混凝土搅拌车condenser 冷凝器condenser assy. 冷凝器总成conduit pipe 导管cone , diff. side bearing 差速器轴承,内圈带滚子cone, pinion front bearing 主动齿轮前轴承内圈带滚子cone, pinion rear bearing 主动齿轮后轴承内圈带滚子Confirmor 确认者connecting rod 连接杆connecting link 连接杆connecting rod journal diameter 连杆轴径connecting rod journal width 连杆轴径宽度connecting rod throttle 连杆喷油孔connector 连接器connector of service valve 维修阀接口Constant speed 等速construction and device 结构和装置control & tube assy. , hyd clutch 离合器工作缸和油管总成Control System 操纵系control valve 控制阀阀门control valve model 控制阀型式control valve seat 控制阀阀座convex plate 凸台cooling fan 冷却风扇cooling system 冷却系统Cornering Lamp 转弯灯corrected 修正的cotter 开口销counter 5th gear 中间轴五档齿轮counter shaft 中间轴coupled condition 连接状态Coupling Device 牵引装置cover 端盖cover & plate assy. 离合器盖及压盘总成cover assy. , air cleaner 空气滤清器盖总成cover, gear 侧盖cover, heater air 空气加热罩cover, rear axle case 后桥壳盖crane vehicle 起重车crankcase 曲轴箱crankshaft 曲轴crankshaft gear 曲轴齿轮crankshaft & connecting 曲轴连杆机构crankshaft oil gallery 曲轴油道crankshaft sprocket 轴承链轮critical flow 临界流Cross sensitivity of a linear transducer 线性传感器的横向灵敏度Crush distance 压碎距离Crush rate 压碎速率Crush Strength 压碎强度Cumulative time 累计时间cup 皮碗cup, diff. side bearing 差速器轴承外圈cup, pinion front bearing 主动齿轮前轴承外圈cup, pinion rear bearing 主动齿轮后轴承外圈Cut-off 明暗截止线cycle 冲程cyclinder head cover 气门室罩Cylinder 气缸cylinder block 汽缸体cylinder body 缸体Cylinder bore 缸径cylinder head 汽缸盖cylinder head cover 气门室罩cylinder number 气缸数cylinder working order(clockwise) 气缸工作顺序(顺时针)damper 转向减振器dangerous article 危险物darkroom 暗室Data channel 数据通道Data Processing 数据处理Date of notification 认可日期Deceleration of the structure 地板减速度Definitions 定义Definitions 术语deflection 偏移defroster 除霜器dehydrator 储液器和干燥器delay valve 延迟阀Design torso angle 设计躯干角designated 认定designated motor vehicle 经型式认定的机动车Designation 名称Designation of business place 业务场所名称Designation of Confirmor 指定确认者detonation 爆震device proper 装置本身Device type designation 装置的型式认定dextrorotation 右旋diameter 口径diaphragm 膜片diaphragm of fuel pump 油泵膜片diaphragm return spring 膜片回位弹簧diaphragm rod 膜片杆diaphragm spring 膜片弹簧Diesel fuel 柴油Diesel oil 轻柴油diesel smoke 柴油排烟Diesel smoke measuring instrument 柴油机排烟测量仪diesel-powered motor vehicle 柴油机动车differential case 差速器壳differential gear 半轴齿轮differential gearbox , front axle 前桥减速器differential gearbox , rear axle 后桥减速器differential side gear-to-case clearance 半轴齿轮与差速器壳之间的间隙Digital magnetic recorder 数字式磁记录仪Digitilizing 数字化Diluted exhaust gas 稀释排气dilution tunnel 取样探管direct injection type 直喷型direction indicator lamp 转向信号灯directly controlled wheel 直接控制车轮Director of the Vehicle and Component Approvals Division 车辆和零部件认证科长Director-General 署长Director-General of District Transport Bureau 地方运输局长Director-General of Land Transport Engineering Department 陆运管理处长Director-General of Local Land Transport Office 地方陆运署长Director-General of Motor Vehicle Inspection and Registration Office 机动车检验注册署长disc brakes 碟式刹车disc brake 盘式制动器disk assy. , clutch drived 从动盘总成disk type braker 盘式制动器Displacement 排气量Displacement system 位移装置Distillation properties 分馏特性distillation temperature 馏出温度distribution device 配气机构distributor 分电器distributor assy. 分电器总成distributor cap 分电器盖distributor rotor 分电器转子distributor shaft 分电器轴distributor type 分电器型号District Transport Bureau 地方陆运署documents to Be Submitted 需提交的文件dome lamp 顶灯door assy. , front RH. 右前门总成door assy. , rear RH. 右后门总成door hinge assy. 车门铰链总成door hinge plate 车门铰链垫板doors assembly & body accessories 前后车门总成及其附件double-lip seal 双唇油封double-tire 双胎dowel pin 定位销dowel pins-pump ring 定子定位销DRAWING PROCEDURE 绘制规程drier 干燥剂drier receiver 贮液干燥器drier receiver body 贮液气壳体drive end shield 前驱动端盖drive line system 传动系统drive pinion gear depth 驱动齿轮深度drive shaft 驱动轴drive sprocket 驱动链轮driver‟s Seat 驾驶员座椅driving beam 远光光束driving wheel 驱动轮drum brakes 鼓式刹车drum brake 鼓式制动器drum type braker 鼓式制动器dry air 干空气dry basis 干基dry-bulb 干球dummy 假人dump 自卸车dust boot 防尘罩Dynamic test 动态试验ECE Regulation ECE法规eddy-current type 电涡流式efe heater 进气加热器Effective height 有效高度Effective Weighted factor 有效加权系数Effective width 有效宽度Electrical 汽车电器Electrical System 电器系electromagnetic compatibility 电磁兼容性EMBOSSMENT 凸字Emergency Brake 紧急制动器Emergency Exit 紧急出口Emergency Motor Vehicles 应急用车Emergency Signals 应急信号用具Emergency Stop Indication Devices 紧急停车表示用具emergency valve 应急阀Emission Control Device 排放物控制装置end clearance 轴向间隙ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURE 实施规程Enforcement Regulation 实施规则engine 发动机,引擎Engine and Power Train System 发动机及动力传动系engine assy. 发动机总成engine displacement 发动机排量engine hood 发动机罩engine intake manifold 发动机进气歧管engine load 发动机负荷engine oil 发动机润滑油engine oil capacity 发动机机油容量engine outside diagram 发动机外形图engine revolution speed 发动机转速engine type 发动机型号Engineering and Safety Department 技术安全部entrance step 入口台阶entry item 填写项目entry value 填入值eqalizer 平衡架Equivalent inertia weight 当量惯性重量escort vehicle 护卫车European Economic Community Command 欧洲经济共同体指令Examination 审查examination affair 审查事务Exception to application 不适用条款excrement 排泄物exhaust 排水管exhaust duration 排气持续角exhaust emission 排气排放物Exhaust Emission Control Device 排放物控制装置exhaust hose 排放管exhaust manifold (发动机)排气歧管exhaust sytem 排气系统exhaust tube 放气管exhaust valve 排气门exhaust valve timing 排气门定时expander oil rail 油环衬簧expansion box 膨胀盒expansion core 蒸发器芯expansion valve body 阀体extension case 外接壳体EXTERNAL PROJECTION 外部突出物External surface 外表面External view 外观图extreme idle screw 极限怠速调整螺钉factory plate model 厂牌型号fan 风扇fan belt 风扇皮带fan & viscous drive 风扇及硅油离合器fast idle cam 快怠速凸轮fast idle cam link 快怠速凸轮连杆fast idle cam second step 快怠速凸轮第二阶段fast idle cam setting index 快怠速凸轮调整刻度fast idle mode 快怠速状态fast idle screw 快怠速调整螺钉fast idle speed 快怠速转速Federal Motor Vehicles Safety Standards 美国联邦机动车安全标准Feeling test 感觉试验Fiducial marks 基准标记Filament Lamp 白炽灯filler neck seal 加水口密封filler opening 进油口Filling-in Procedure 填写规程Filling-in Procedure for Each Item 每一项目的填写规程filter 滤清器,滤网Filter characteristics 滤波特性Filtering 滤波Fire Extinguisher 灭火器Fire truck 消防车fitting, flow control valve 流量控制阀接头fix shaft 定位轴flange 法兰flash point 闪点flasher, hazard lamp 危险报警闪光器Flexible Disk 软盘float 浮子float level 浮筒油面高度float pin 浮子轴floating coat 中涂floor damper 地板风门flow control valve 流量控制阀Fluid container 液体容器fluid torque converter 液力变扭器fluorescent surface 荧光面flying wheel 飞轮fog lamp 雾灯fog lamp relay 雾灯继电器fog lamp switch 雾灯开关Foil Thickness 箔厚folded seat 折叠椅folding seat 折叠式座椅foot angle quadrant 小腿夹角量角器fork 拨叉Formalin 福尔马林forward-opening inner door 内门前开型four-stroke cycle 四行程引擎four-wheel drive motor vehicle 四轮驱动的机动车Four-wheeled 四轮Frame 车架Frame and Body 车架及车身Friction clutch 摩擦离合器from evaporator drier 自蒸发器from heater core 出加热器from receiver drier 自贮液干燥器from water jacket intake manifold 自进气歧管水套front axle 前桥front axle assy. 前桥总成front axle motor 前桥挂档马达front bearing 前轴承front bearing retainer 前轴承盖front bearing, front output shaft 前输出轴前轴承front bearing, input shaft 输入轴前轴承front bearing, output shaft 输出轴前轴承front brake disc 前制动盘front brake disc assy. 前制动盘总成front case 前壳体front case of vacuum booster 助力器前壳体front coil spring 前螺旋弹簧front combined lamps 前组合灯front disk braker 前盘式制动器front edge 前边缘front end of shield 发电机前端盖front engine front drive F.F.式车辆front engine rear drive F.R.式车辆front fan 前风扇Front Fog Lamp 前雾灯front front axle 前前桥front opening 出油口front output shaft 前输出轴front output shaft gear 前输出轴齿轮Front overhang 前悬front panel 前板front pinion bearing 前主动齿轮轴承front port 前接口front propeller shaft 前传动轴front propeller shaft assy. 前传动轴总成front shock absorber 前减震器front stabilizer 前稳定杆front suspension 前悬吊front thrust plate 前配流盘front transfer 车辆转移台front tube failure 前管路失效状态front wall angle cover 前围角板front washer pump 前洗涤器泵front washer reservoir 前风挡洗涤器储液罐front wheel 前轮,前壳体front wheel alignment 前轮定位front wheel brake 前轮制动器Front Windshield 前风窗front wiper motor 前刮水器电动机Front-End Outline Marker Lamps 前端示廓灯Fuel 燃料fuel direct 燃油走向fuel filter 集滤器fuel filter housing 燃油滤清器壳体fuel filter paper 燃油滤清器滤纸fuel gauge 燃油表fuel gauge calibration 燃油表电阻Fuel Injection Device 燃料喷射装置fuel level indicator 机油压力表fuel pump 然油泵Fuel Resistance 耐油性fuel sensor 燃油(箱)传感器fuel sensor harness 燃油传感器线束fuel supply system 供油系Fuel System 燃料系Fuel System of Motor Vehicles Whose Fuel Is High-Pressure Gas 以高压气体作为燃料的机动车燃料系Fuel System of Motor Vehicles Whose Fuel Is Producer Gas 以发生炉煤气作为燃料的机动车燃料系Fuel Tank 燃料箱fule metering bar 计量杆full circle 大循环Full flow dilution 全流稀释full trailer 全挂车full-hydraulic type 全液力式full-trailer 全挂车fully-loaded 全负荷fuse 熔断器fuse panel 熔断器板garbage truck 垃圾车gas container 气体容器gas sample 样气gas turbine 燃气轮机gasket 节温器密封垫,衬垫gasket cylinder head cover 气门室罩垫gasket, intake manifold 进气歧管衬垫gasket, liftgate handle 举升门手柄垫片Gasoline 汽油gasoline fueled motor vehicle 汽油机动车gathering heat cover-TCV system TCV 系统集热罩gear , counter shaft fifth 五档中间齿轮gear end clearance, plastic gauge 齿轮端部间隙,塑料间隙规gear hub 齿毂gear range 档位级别Gear ratio 速比gear to body clearance(radial) 齿轮到壳体间隙(径向)gear, 4WD 四轮驱动齿轮gear, annulus 齿圈gear, low shift 抵挡齿轮gear, rear axle diff. 半轴齿轮gear, sleeve 齿套Gear-change lever 变速杆gears 档位General Comments 概述General Construction 通用结构GENERAL PROVISIONS 通用规则General provisions 一般规定generator 发电机Glazing 车窗glove box lamp 杂物箱灯Goods-Loading Accommodation 载货装置governor type 调节器式Gravimeter 重力计Gross Vehicle Weight 车辆总重ground Clearance 离地间隙Ground-Contact Section and Contact Pressure 接地部位及接地压力grouped lamp 组合灯grouped, combined or reciprocally incorporated lamps 组合、复合或混合灯光组halogen headlamp 卤素头灯halogen sealed-beam unit (HSB unit) 卤素封闭式(HSB)handle assy. , door I/S 车门内手柄总成handle assy. , door O/S 前门外手柄总成handle, liftgate lock 举升门锁芯手柄handle, window regulator 玻璃升降器手柄handling 处理办法HANDLING PROCEDURE 管理规程hanger 调耳harness 线束harness, body 车身线束harness, engine housing 发动机仓线束harness, lift gate 尾门线束hatch-back 掀背型Hazard Warning Lamps 危险报警闪光灯head 缸盖head form 头部模型head performance criterion 头部性能指标Head Restraint 头枕head room probe 头部空间探测杆Headlamp cleaner 前照灯清洗器headlamp dimmer switch 变光开关headlamp switch 前照灯开关Headlamps 前照灯Headlight tester 前照灯试验器Heat Resistance Test 耐热性试验heat-damage 热损害heated hydrogen flame ionization detector 加热式氢火焰离子化检测器heater 加热器heater & A/C panel lamp 暖风/空调开关灯heater, intake manifold 进气歧管加热器Heavy oil 重柴油hereinafter referred to as 下文称为Hereinafter the same 下文同hi-beem indicator lamp 组合仪表远光指示灯high idle speed 高怠速high pressure gas 高压气体high range 高档High-floor 高地板High-floor that can be opened in three ways 三向开启的高地板High-Pressure Gas Transport Devices 高压气体运输装置hip angle quadrant 臀部角度量角器hoist 举升hold in winding 保持线圈holddown pin 拉紧销钉holddown spring 压紧弹簧hole ladder type 带孔梯式honeycomb cell axes 蜂窝单元轴honeycomb ribbon axis 蜂窝条纹轴Horizontally-opposed 水平对置horn relay 喇叭继电器horn switch 喇叭按钮Horns 喇叭hose assy. , power steering return 动力转向回油管总成hose assy. , power to pump 油罐到泵的油管总成hose, coolant recover 冷却液回收管hose, radiator inlet 散热器进水软管hose, radiator to water pump 散热器至水泵软管hose, thermostat to intake minifold 节温器至进气歧管软管hot air 热空气hot idle mode 热怠速状态hot idle screw 热怠速调整螺钉housing 壳体,外壳housing assy. 壳总成housing clutch 离合器壳housing end plug 壳体端盖housing, steering gear 转向器壳体H-point pivot H点支轴H-point sight button H点标记钮hub & bearing assy. 轮毂与轴承总成hub cap 车轮盖hub gear 齿毂hub range shift 换档毂hub sleeve No 2 二号毂套humidity correction factor 湿度修正系数hydraulic tappet 液力挺柱hydraulic type 液力式Hydrocarbon measuring instrument 碳氢化合物分析仪Hydrogen flame ionization detector 氢火焰离子化分析仪I/S locking rod 内锁止拉杆I/S release rod 内开启拉杆Identification Code 标记idle fuel tube 怠速油管idle fuel way 怠速油道idle jet 怠速喷口idle mixture screw 怠速混合气调整螺钉idle tube 怠速油管idling operation 怠速工况Idling Speed 怠速ignition coil 点火线圈ignition coil type 点火线圈类型ignition controler 点火控制器ignition key 点火钥匙ignition module 点火控制器ignition point 燃点ignition switch 点火开关Ignition System 点火系ignition wire 点火线Illuminating axis 光照轴illuminating surface 透光面Illumination angle 入射角Illumination intensity 光照强度Illumination of the retro-reflecting device 回复反射装置的照度illuminations actually measured 实测照度Illuminometer 照度计IMPACT REDUCTION OF INSIDE REARVIEW MIRRORS 缓冲式室内后视镜IMPACT REDUCTION TYPE OUTSIDE REARVIEW MIRRORS 缓冲式后视镜Impact test 冲击试验Impactor 碰撞块IMPORTED MOTOR VEHICLE 进口机动车in connection with 与…有关inclination angle 倾斜角indicating section 指示部分indicator lamp 指示灯indicator lamp, left turn 左转向指示灯indicator lamp, right turn 右转向指示灯indirectly controlled wheel 间接控制车轮Infant-carrying vehicles 幼儿专用车information 资料initial choke valve clearance 初始阻风门间隙initial inspection 初始检验Injection Nozzle 喷油嘴Injection Pump 喷油泵injector 喷油器inlet 进油口inlet hole 进气孔inlet hose 进风口inlet opening 进油口inlet tube 进油管inlet valve 进油阀Inner Dimension 内部尺寸inner shaft 内半轴inner tube 内胎input shaft 输入轴input shaft, transmission 变速器输入轴input voltage 输入电压Inspection equipment 检验设备inspector 检验人员install panel 安装板instrument cluster 组合仪表(盘)instrument harness 仪表板线束instrument illumination lamps 组合仪表照明灯instrument panel assy. 仪表板总成instrument panels 仪表板intake and exhaust device 进排气装置intake duration 进气持续角intake heater 进气加热器intake manifold 进气歧管intake silencer 进气消声器intake valve 进气门intake valve timing 进气门定时integral place 整数integral power steering 整体式动力转向器integral type 整体式inter shaft assy. 动力转向中间轴总成Intercooler 增压中冷器intermediate axle shaft 中间半轴intermediate guide 中间导向器intermediate shaft 中间轴internal fan 内风扇interpolated value 内插值In-Use Motor Vehicles 在用车辆Issuance 发放ISSUANCE OF NOTICE 通知书的发放ist idle jet 第一怠速空气量孔Items 项JAIA 日本汽车进口商协会JAMA 日本汽车制造商协会Japan Automobile Importers' Association 日本汽车进口商协会Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association 日本汽车制造商协会Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization Center 日本汽车标准国际化中心Japanese Automobile Type Approval Handbook 日本车辆型式认证手册Japanese Industrial Standards 日本工业标准Jiko No. 自公第…号通告JIS 日本工业标准Jisei No. 自整第…号Jisha Circular 自车第…号通告Jiyu No. 自运第…号journal cross assy. 十字万向节总成jump, spark wire 高压电线katakana 片假名Kerosene 灯油key 键kick-type 反冲式Kinematic viscosity 运动粘度Kingpin 立轴kingpin caster angle 主销后倾角Kingpin inclination angle 主销内倾角kingpin sidewise inclination angle 主销内倾角knock 敲击knee angle quadrant 膝部角量角器Koshin No. 交审第xx号lamp switch, 4WD 四轮驱动灯开关lamp type 灯式Lap belt anchorages 腰带固定装置Large-Sized Rear Reflex Reflectors 大型后回复反射器Large-sized special 大型专用latch assy. , front RH. Door 右前门锁总成latch assy. , rear RH. Door 右后门总成lateral level 横向水平仪leading shoe 领蹄Leaf spring 片簧left fog lamp 左雾灯left headlamp 左前照灯left horn 左喇叭left steering 左转向left tail lamp 左尾灯legend 图例Length of trochoid 旋轮线Length, Width and Height 全长、全宽、全高Lens 配光镜lens, cluster 表蒙let in air 进气lever assy. , turn signal standard 综合开关操纵杆总成license lamp 牌照灯lift gate 举升门liftgate assy. 举升门总成liftgate latch assy. 举升门锁总成liftgate lock assy. 举升门锁芯总成light source module 光源模组Light Vehicles 轻型车辆Light-Exposure and Light-and-Water-Exposure Apparatus 光线暴露及光线与水暴露设备lighting device 照明装置Lighting System 照明系统Limit towards blue 趋蓝极限Limit towards red 趋红极限limiting valve body 限压阀壳体limiting valve spring 限压阀弹簧Linearity error 线性误差lining 衬片link assy. of front stabilizer 前稳定杆连杆总成linkage type 联杆式Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Fueled 燃用液化石油气机动车load cell simulator 载荷传感器模拟装置load sensing device 负载感受装置Loaded goods 装载物loaded WT 最大总质量Loading Capacity 载重量Loading platform 货箱Loading platform offset 货箱偏移量Local Land Transport Office 地方陆运署Local Office 地方署Location of business place 业务场所地点lock CYL assy. , RH. door 右车门锁芯总成lock piece, reverse gear 换档器锁片locking & indexing plate 锁止刻度盘Locking Device 锁止装置Locking system 锁止装置long axis 长轴long-body 长车身longitudinal center 纵向中心longitudinal centerline 纵向中心线longitudinal plane 纵向平面longitudinally-mounted 纵向安装low fuel warning indicator bezel 低燃油报警灯框low fuel warning indicator lens 低燃油报警灯透片low fuel warning module 低燃油报警组件low idle system 低怠速系统low range 抵挡low range lock plate 抵挡锁止板low speed jet 低速喷口lower control arm 下控制臂总成lower pressure switch 低压开关lubricant capacity 润滑油加注油lubricants 润滑油Lubricating oil 润滑油lubricating system 润滑系luminance factor 亮度因数luminous flux 光通量luminous intensity 光照强度M / CYL / vacuum booster assembly 制动主缸及真空助力器总成M/CYL push rod 主缸推杆Magnification 增大率main bearing 主轴承main bearing journal clearance 主轴承间隙main bearing journal diameter 主轴承轴径main bearing journal width 主轴承宽度main body, connector 化油器中体mainfold presure 歧管压力mainfold vacuum 歧管真空main fuel system & vacuum reriched system 主油系及真空加泷系统Main honeycomb block 主蜂窝块main injection jet 主喷口main jet 主量孔main oil gallery 主油道main spring 主簧Make and type 厂牌和型号Management supervisor 主管人manual transmission 手动变速器,手排挡变速箱Manufacturer 制造者MANUFACTURER TEST 制造者试验mapping 瞬态性能mapping curve 瞬态性能曲线marker lamp, left front 左前示廓灯marker lamp, right front 右前示廓灯mass flow rate 质量流动速率master cylinder 制动主缸,总泵,刹车总泵master cylinder and vacuum booster 制动主缸及真空助力器master cylinder body 制动主缸缸体master cylinder cover 制动主缸缸盖mate 合笼max gas direct 混合器走向max. amps 最大电流MAX. power 最大功率Max. torque 最大扭距Maximum Loading Capacity 最大载重量maximum out-of round(all journals) 最大不圆度(所有轴径)maximum output 最大功率Maximum Stable Inclination Angle 最大稳定倾斜角maximum taper(all journals) 最大锥度(所有轴径)Maximum Torque 最大扭矩Measuring equipment 度量装备Measuring tape 卷尺mechanical steering 机械转向器。
汽车相关词汇中英翻译(三)
压差控制阀(优先阀) pressure-gradient control valve
十字单向阀 spider singe check valve
差压阀 defferential valve
气压制动阀 air brake valve
分立制动阀 dual air brake valve
防弯折装置 king protection device
托板 carrier
防铰接系统 anti-link system
附加装置 additional device
安全缸 safety cylinder
抑制螺拴 check bolt
抑制螺母 check nut
空气溢流阀 air bleed valve
千分尺 micrometer
投影检测仪 shadowgraph
玻璃容器 glass container
镀锡钢盖 tinned steel lids
不起毛布 lint-free cloth
包装屑 packing debris
湿度箱 humidity cabinet
加热板 heating plate
流动性 fluidity
遮盖力图 hiding power chart
黑白分辨线 black contrast lines
分层 stratification
沉淀 sedimentation
硬度 hardness
油泥 sludging
磨粒 abrasive grains
腐蚀试瓶 corrosion test jar
螺旋盖 screw-top
汽车常用英文翻译
auxiliary fascia console 仪表板护面dash board facing气囊air bag保险杠bumper刮水器wiper风窗洗涤器washer后视镜rear view mirror电子后视镜electronic mirror防眩后视镜glare-proof mirror遮阳板(帘)sun visor烟灰盒ash try(ash pan)点烟器cigar lighter除霜器defroster防雾装置demister发动机罩engine hood后围back wall后围骨架rear wall frame后围立柱rear wall pillar后围搁梁rear wall shelf rail后围裙边梁rear skirt rail后围蒙皮rear wall outer panel 后围护板rear wall inner shield 后窗框架rear window frame后窗中立柱rear window central pillar后窗框上横梁rear window header crossbar 后窗框下横梁rear window cross sill后窗玻璃rear window glass助力撑杆power-assisted brace gas spring 侧围side wall侧围骨架side wall frame侧围立柱side wall pillar侧窗立柱side window pillar腰立柱waist pillar门立柱side wall outer panel侧围护板side wall inner shield侧窗side window侧窗锁side window lock上边梁roof side rail(cantrail)腰梁waist rail侧围搁梁side wall sheilf rail侧围裙边梁side skirt rail斜撑bracing piece轮罩wheelhouse(wheel arch)翼板wing(fender)挡泥板madguard(fender apron)踏步板step plate一级踏步高first step height踏步深step depth流水槽roof drip驾驶员门driver door乘客门净宽service door clear width安全门emergency door发动机舱门engine compartment door行李舱门luggage compartment door蓄电池箱门battery compartment door售票台conductor table售票员座椅conductor seat乘客座椅passenger seat导游座椅guide seat加座additional seat9folding seat)衬靠armrst安全带seat belt(safety belt)门锁door lock门内手柄indide door handle玻璃升降器window regulator(window lifter) 压条trim strip压条封盖trim strip cap顶盖roof顶盖骨架roof frame顶盖纵梁roof rai顶盖横梁roof crossrail顶盖蒙皮roof outer panel顶盖护板roof inner shield顶窗sky-light window地板floor中间齿轮intermediate gear(counter gear) 副轴齿轮counter shaft gear副轴counter shaft变速器输入轴transmission imput shaft变速器输出轴transmission output shaft变速器主动齿轮轴transmission drive gear shaft变速器主轴transmission main shaft变速器中间轴transmission countershaft变速器轴的刚度rigidity of shaft变速齿轮比(变速比)transmission gear ratio传动比gear ratio主压力line pressure调制压力modulated pressure真空调制压力vacuum modulator pressure速控压力governor pressure缓冲压力compensator or trimmer pressure 限档压力hold presure前油泵front pump (input pump )液力传动装置充油压力hydrodynamic unit change pressure 后油泵gear pump (output pump )回油泵scavenge oil pump调压阀pressure -regulator vavle电磁阀调压阀solenoid regulator valve液力变矩器旁通阀converter bypass valve速控阀governor valve选档阀selectro valve换档阀shift valve信号阀signal valve继动阀relay valve换档指令发生器shift pattern generator档位指示器shift indicator(shift torwer)先导阀priority valve流量阀flow valve重迭阀overlap valve液力减速器控制阀retarder control valve液力起步fluid start零速起动stall start液力变矩器锁止converter lockup全液压自动换档系统hydraulic automatic control system 电液式自动换档系统electronic -hydraulic automatiec 换档shift升档upshift降档downshift动力换档power shfit单向离合器换档freewheel shfit人工换档manual shfit自动换档automaitc shfit抑制换档inhibited shift超限换档overrun shift强制换档forced shift换档点shift point叶片转位blade angle shift换档滞后shift hysteresis换档循环shift schedule换档规律process of power shift动力换档过程timing换档定时property of automatic shift换档品质property of automatic shft 换档元件engaging element换档机构gearshift操纵杆control lever变速杆stick shift(gear shift lever) (副变速器)变速杆range selector变速叉shifting fork (gear shift fork) 分动箱控制杆transfer gear shift fork变速踏板gear shift pedal变速轨(拨叉道轨)shift rail直接变速direct change(direct control) 方向盘式变速column shift (handle change) 按钮控制finger-tip control槽导变速gate change空档位置neutral position直接驱动direct drive高速档top gear(high gear)低速档bottom gear(low speed gear) 第一档first gear第二档second gear超速档overdirve gear经济档economic gear倒档爬行档creeper gear驱动特性drive performance反拖特性coast performance定输入扭矩特性constant input torque performance 全油门特性full throttle performance寄生损失特性no load (parasitic losses)performance 原始特性primary characteristic响应特性response characteristic吸收特性absorption characteristic全特性total external characteristic输入特性characteristic of enhance输出特性characteristic of exit力矩特性torque factor(coefficient of moment) 过载系数overloading ratio变矩系数torque ratio能容系数capacity factorr几何相似geometry similarity运动相似kinematic similarity动力相似dynamic similarity透穿性transparency万向节和传动轴universal joint and drive shaft万向节非等速万向节nonconstant velocity universal joint 等速万向节constant velocity universal joint准等速万向节near constant velocity universal joint 自承式万向节self-supporting universal joint非自承式万各节non self suporting universal joint回转直径swing diameter等速平面constant velocity plane万向节夹角true joint angle十字轴式万向节cardan (hookes)universal joint万向节叉yoke突缘叉flange york滑动叉slip yoke滑动节,伸缩节slip joint花键轴叉slip shaft yoke轴管叉(焊接叉)tube(weld yoke)十字轴cross(spider)十字轴总成cross assembly挠性元件总成flexible universal joint球销式万向节flexible member assembly双柱槽壳housing球环ball球头轴ball head球头钉button中心球和座centering ball and seat球笼式万向节rzeppa universal joint钟形壳outer race星型套inner race保持架cage可轴向移动的球笼式万向节plunging constant velocity joint筒形壳cylinder outer race柱形滚道星形套inner race withcylinder ball grooves 偏心保持架non-concentric cage滚动花键球笼式万向节ball spline rzeppa universal joint外壳outer housing内壳体inner housing球叉式万向节weiss universal joint球叉ball yoke定心钢球centering ball三球销万向节tripod universal joint三柱槽壳housing三销架spider双联万向节double cardan universal joint凸块式万向节tracta universal joint凸块叉榫槽凸块tongue and groove couplijng凹槽凸块groove coupling传动轴drive shaft(propeller shaft)传动轴系drive line传动轴形式drive shaft type两万向节滑动的传动轴two -joint inboard slip ddiveshaft 两万向节外侧滑动传动轴two joint ouboard slip drive shaft 单万向节传动轴single joint coupling shaft组合式传动轴unitized drive shaft传动轴减振器drive shaft absorber传动轴中间轴承drive shaft center bearing传动轴管焊接合件weld drive shaft tube assembly 传动轴特征长度drive shaft length传动轴谐振噪声resonant noise of rive shaft传动轴的临界转速critical speed of drive shaft传动轴总成的平衡balance of drive shaft assembly 允许滑动量slip相位角phase angle传动轴安全圈drive shaft safety strap驱动桥drive axle(driving axle)类型type断开式驱动桥非独立悬架式驱动桥rigid dirve axle独立悬架式驱动桥independent suspension drive axle转向驱动桥steering drive axle贯通式驱动桥tandem axles“三速”贯通轴"three-speed" tandem axles单驱动桥single drive axle多桥驱动multiaxle drive减速器reducer主减速器final drive单级主减速器single reduction final drive双级主减速器double reduction final drive前置式双级主减速器front mounted double reduction final drive 后置式双级主减速器rear mounted double reduction final drive 上置式双级主减速器top mounted double reducton final drive 行星齿轮式双级主减速器planetary double reduction final drive贯通式主减速器thru-drive双速主减速器two speed final drive行星齿轮式双速主减速器two speed planetary final drive双级双速主减速器two speed double reduction final drive轮边减速器wheel reductor(hub reductro)行星圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器planetary wheel reductor行星锥齿轮式轮边减速器differential geared wheel reductor(bevelepicyclick hub reductor) 外啮合圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器spur geared wheel reductor差速器differential锥齿轮式差速器bevel gear differential圆柱齿轮式差速器spur gear differential防滑式差速器limited -slip differential磨擦片式自锁差速器multi-disc self -locking differential凸轮滑滑块自锁差速器self-locking differential with side ring and radial cam plate自动离合式自锁差速器automotive positive locking differential强制锁止式差速器locking differential液压差速器hydraulic differential轴间差速器interaxial differential差速器壳differential carrieer(case)主降速齿轮final reduction gear驱动轴减速比axle ratio总减速比total reduction ratio主降速齿轮减速比final reduction gear ratio双减速齿轮double reduction gear差速器主齿轮轴differential pinion-shaft差速器侧齿轮differential side gear行星齿轮spider gear(planetary pinion)螺旋锥齿轮spiral bevel gear双曲面齿轮hypoid gear格里林齿制gleason tooth奥林康型齿制oerlikon tooth锥齿轮齿数number of teeth in bevel gears and hypoid gears 锥齿轮齿宽face width of tooth in bevel gears and hypoid gears 平面锥齿轮plane bevel gear奥克托齿形octoid form平顶锥齿轮contrate gear齿面接触区circular tooth contact齿侧间隙backlash in circular tooth差速器十字轴differential spider差速器锁止机构differential locking -device差速器锁止系数differential locking factor差速器壳轴承carrier bearing桥壳axle housing整体式桥壳banjo housing可分式桥壳trumpet-type axle housing组合式桥壳unitized carrier-type axle housing对分式桥壳split housing冲压焊接桥壳press-welding axle housing钢管扩张桥壳expanded tube axle housing锻压焊接桥壳forge welding axle housing整体铸造式桥壳cast rigid axle housing半轴axle shaft全浮式半轴full-floating axle shaft半浮式半轴semi-floating axle shaft四分之三浮式半轴three-quarter floating axle shaft 驱动桥最大附着扭矩slip torque驱动桥额定桥荷能力rating axle capactiy驱动桥减速比driveaxle ratio驱动桥质量drive axle mass单铰接式摆动轴single-joint swing axle双铰接式摆动轴double joint swig axle悬架系suspension system悬架suspension类型type非独立悬架rigid axle suspension独立悬架independent suspension平衡悬架equalizing type of suspension 组合式悬架combination suspension可变刚度悬架variable rate suspension纵置板簧式parallel leaf spring type上置板簧式over slung type下置板簧式under slung type双横臂式double with-bone arm type 横置板簧式transversal leaf spring type 双纵臂式double trailing arm type单横臂式single transverse arm type 双横臂式double -wishbone type单横臂式singe trailing arm type双纵臂式double-trailing arm type单斜臂式single oblique arm tyep四连杆式four link type扭矩套管式torque tube drive type第迪安式De Dion type烛式sliding pillar type麦弗逊式MacPherson type金属弹簧式metal spring type空气弹簧式air spring type油气弹簧式hydro-pneumatic spring type 橡胶液体弹簧式hydro-rubber spring type橡胶弹簧式rubber spring type液体弹簧式hydraulic spring type三点悬架three-point suspension四点悬架four-point suspension部件assembly and parts悬架臂suspension arm上悬架臂upper suspension arm控制臂control arm上控制臂upper control arm下控制臂lower control arm纵臂trailing arm横臂transverse arm斜臂oblique arm支撑梁support beam横向推力杆lateral rod纵向推力杆longitudinal rod拉杆tension rod压杆strut bar支撑杆strut bar扭矩套管torque tube变截面弹簧tapered spring钢板弹簧leaf spring(laminated spring) 副钢板弹簧auxiliary spring非对称钢板弹簧unsymmetrical leaf spring单片式钢板弹簧single leaf spring多片式钢板弹簧muotileaved spring纵向钢板弹簧longitudinal leaf spring螺旋弹簧coil spring (helicalspring)空气弹簧air spring囊式空气弹簧bellow type air spring膜式空气弹簧diaphragm typeair spring橡胶弹簧rubber spring type液体弹簧hydraulic spring油气弹簧hydro-pneumatic spring type单气室油气弹簧single chamber hydragas spring双气室油气弹簧double chamber hydragas spring液体弹簧hydraulic spring底盘弹簧chassis spring四分之一椭圆形弹簧quarter elliptic spring半椭圆形弹簧half-elliptic spring(semi-elliptic spring) 四分之三椭圆形弹簧three quarter elliptic spring全椭圆形弹簧full elliptic spring悬臂弹簧cantilever spring簧上质量sprung weight簧下质量unsprung weight垫上弹簧载荷量spring capacity at pad地面弹簧载荷量spring capacity at ground弹簧静挠度spring static deflection弹簧跳动间隙bump clearance of spring弹簧中心距distance between spring centers 减振器shock absorber筒式减振器telescopic shock absorber油压缓冲器hydraulic buffer负荷调平式减振器load -levelling shock absorber 液压减振器dydraulic shock absorber可调减振器adjustable shock absorber摇臂式减振器lever type shock absorber磨擦式减振器frictional shock absorber充气减振器gas-filled shock absorber动力减振器dynamic shock absorber减振器卸荷阀shock absorber relief valve减振器进油阀shock absorber intake valve减振器示功图damper indicator diagram减振器液damper fluid横向稳定器stabilizer anti-roll bar滑动座sliding seat滑板sliding plate弹簧架spring bracket弹簧主片spring leaf钢板弹簧吊耳leaf spring shackle钢板弹簧衬套leaf spring bushing钢板弹簧销leaf spring pin弹簧卷耳spring eyeU型螺栓U bolt钢板弹簧中心螺栓leaf spring center bolt橡胶衬套rubber bushing缓冲块buffer stopper限位块limiting stopper平衡轴trunnion shaft平衡轴支座trunnion base臂轴arm shaft平横臂equalizer螺纹衬套screw bushing(车身)高度阀levelling valve车架auxiliary tank整体车架unitized frame上弯式梁架upswept frame (kick up frame) 短型车架stub frame发动机支架engine mounting半径杆radius rod平衡杆stabilizer bar制动反应杆brake reaction rod分开式车身和车架separated body and frame车轮wheel车轮尺寸名称wheelsize designation车轮类型wheel type单式车轮single wheel双式车轮dual wheel整体轮毂式车轮wheel with integral hub 组装轮辋式车轮demountable rim wheel 对开式车轮divided wheel可调车轮adustable wheel辐板式车轮disc wheel可反装式车轮reversible wheel辐条式车轮wire wheel安装面attachment face安装面直径attachment face diameter 双轮中心距dual spacing半双轮中心距half dual spacing轮缘flange固定轮缘fixed flange轮缘规格代号flange size disignation轮缘高度flange height轮缘半径flange radius轮级端部半径flange edge radius轮级宽度flange width内轴承座肩inner bearing cup shoulder 内移距inset横向跳动lateral run-out外移距outset径向跳动radius run-out轮辋rim轮辋尺寸名称rim size disignation轮辋宽度rim width标定轮辋宽度specified rim width轮辋直径rim diameter标定轮辋直径specified rim diameter轮辋类型rim types整体式(深槽式)one-piece(drop -center DC) 半深槽式semi-drop center (SDC)二件式two-piece三件式three-piece四件式four-piece轮毂座hub seat五件式five-piece轮辋轮廓类型rim contour classification 深槽轮辋drop center rim(DC)深槽宽轮辋wide drop center rim(WDC)半深槽轮辋semi-drop center rim(SDC)平底轮辋flat base rim平底宽轮辋wide flat base rim (WFB)全斜底轮辋full tapered bead seat rim (TB) 可拆卸轮辋demountable rim wheel对开式轮辋divided rim(DT)轮辋基体rim base轮辋基体偏移距rim base offset轮辋偏移距rim bevel distance气门嘴孔valve hole气门嘴孔的位置rim hole location锁圈槽gutter锁圈槽沟gutter groove锁圈槽顶gutter tip隔圈spaceband隔圈宽度spacerband width标定轮辋直径specified rim diameter标定轮辋宽度specified rim width花键spline弹性锁圈spring lock ring辐条式车轮轮毂shell (wire shell)轮辋槽well槽角well angle槽深well depth槽底半径well iner radius槽的位置well position槽顶圆角半径well radius top槽宽度well width中心孔center hole中心线center line夹紧块clamp夹紧螺栓clamping bolt锥型座(螺帽定位用)cone seat (for retaining nut)可拆卸档圈detachable endless flange可拆卸弹簧档圈detachable spring flange可拆卸锥形座圈detachable endless taper bead seat ring 轮辐disc辐条wire spoke零移距zeroset弯距bending moment动态径向疲劳试验dynamic radial fatigue test横向疲劳试验cornering fatigue test轴安装axel mounting轴颈安装journal mounting孔径bore轮胎tyre (tire)轮胎系列tyre series轮胎规格tyre size轮胎标志tyre marking速度符号speed symbol胎面磨耗标志tread wear indicator骨架材料framework material层数number of plies层级ply rating外胎cover内胎inner tube胀大轮胎grown tyre充气轮胎pneumatic tyre新胎new tyre有内胎轮胎tubed tyre无内胎轮胎tubeless tyre水胎curing bag保留生产轮胎reserved old series of tyre 普通断面轮胎conventional section tyre 低断面轮胎low section tyre超低断面轮胎super low section tyre宽基轮胎wide base tyre斜交轮胎diagonal tyre子午线轮胎radial ply tyre活胎面轮胎removable tread tyre越野轮胎cross-country tyre沙漠轮胎sand tyre浇注轮胎cast tyre调压轮胎adjustable inflation tyre海棉轮胎foam filled tyre常压轮胎atomospheric pressure tyre 内支撑轮胎internal supporter tyre拱形轮胎arch tyre椭圆形轮胎elliptical tyre实心轮胎solid tyre粘结式实心轮胎cured on solid tyre非粘结式实心轮胎pressed on solid tyre圆柱实心轮胎cylindrical base solid tyre 斜底实心轮胎conical base solid tyre抗静电实心轮胎anti-static solid tyre导电实心轮胎conductive solid tyre耐油实心轮胎oil-resistance solid tyre高负荷实心轮胎high load capacity solid tyre 胎面花纹treadpattern纵向花纹circumferetial pattern横向花纹transverse pattern公路花纹highway tread pattern越野花纹cross-country tread pattern 混合花纹dual purpose tread pattern 定向花纹directional tread pattern雪泥花纹mud and snow pattern花纹细缝pattern sipe花纹块pattern block花纹条pattern rib花纹沟groove花纹加强盘tie-bar of pattern花纹角度pattern angle花纹纹深度pattern depth花纹展开图patttern plan光胎面smooth tread胎冠crown胎面tread胎面行驶面tread cap胎面基部tread base胎面基部胶tread slab base胎面过渡胶transition rubber of tread 缓冲层breaker带束层belt缓冲胶片breaker strip包边胶tie-in strip完带层cap ply胎体carcass帘面层cord ply隔离胶insulation rubber封口胶sealing rubber胎里tyre cavity内衬层inside liner气密层innerliner胎肩shoulder胎肩区shoulder area胎肩垫胶shoulder wedge胎侧sidewall屈挠区flexing area胎侧胶sidewall rubber装饰胎侧decorative sidewall装饰线decorative rib装配线防擦线kerbing rib胎圈bead钢丝圈bead ring钢丝包胶wire covering胎圈座bead seat胎圈座角度beat seat angle胎圈座圆角半径bead seat radius胎圈座宽度bead seat width可选择的胎圈座轮廓bead seat optional contours 凹陷型center-pente(CP)平峰型flat hump(FH)凸峰型round hump(RH)特殊座架special ledge(SL)胎圈芯bead core三角胶apex胎圈补强带bead reinforcing strip胎圈包布chafer胎圈外护胶bead filler rubber胎踵bead heel胎趾bead toe胎圈底部bead base内胎胎身断面宽度section width断面高度section height高宽比(H/S)aspect ratio(H/S)外直径overall diameter自由半径free radius转向系steering system类型type机械转向系manual steering system动力转向系power steering system转向操纵机构steering control mechanism直列式转向器in-line steering gear四边联杆式转向机构parallelogram linkage steering整体式动力转向机构integral type power steering总成和部件assemblies and parts转向万向节steering universal joint转向传动轴steering inner articulated shaft转向管柱steering column球轴承套管式转向管柱tube and ball type steering column 可伸缩式转向管柱telescopic steering column折叠式转向管柱collapsible steering column倾斜和缩进式转向管柱tilt and telescopic steering column 吸能式转向管柱energy-absorbing steering column网络状转向柱管net type steering column转向轴steering shaft转向横轴cross shaft转向盘steering wheel倾斜式方向盘tilt steering wheel机构转向器manual steering gear蜗杆滚轮式转向器worm and roller steering gear转向器盖cover of steering gear壳体housing转向蜗杆steering worm滚轮roller滚轮轴roller shaft侧盖side cover摇臂轴pitman arm shaft循环球式转向器recirculating ball steering gear循环球和螺母式转向器recirculating ball and nut steering gear循环球齿条齿扇式转向器recirculating ball-rack and sector steering gear 转向螺母steering nut钢球ball转向螺杆steering screw循环球-曲柄销式转向器recirculating ball-lever and peg steering gear 指销stud蜗杆指销式转向器worm and peg steering gear转向齿轮steering pinion转向齿条steering rack动力转向器power steering stgear整体式动力转向器integral power steering gear常压式液压动力转向器constant pressure hydraulic power steering gear 常流式液压动力转向器constant flow hydraulic power steering gear螺杆螺线式转向器screw and nut steering gear蜗杆指销式转向器worm and peg steering gear齿轮齿条式转向器rack and pinion steering gear变传动比转向器steering gear with variable ratio转向控制阀steering control valve滑阀式转向控制器spool valve type阀体valve housing滑阀valve spool转阀式转向控制阀rotary valve type扭杆torsion bar转向动力缸power cylinder转向油泵power steerig pump转向油罐oil reservoir转向传动杆系steering linkage动力转向系布置power steering system layout反作用阀reactive valve梯形转向机构ackerman steering整体式转向梯形杆系ackerman steering linkdage分段式转向梯形杆系divided ackerman steering linkage 中间转向杆intermediate steering rod转向摇臂pitman arm转向直拉杆steering drag link中间转向联杆center steering linkdage端部螺塞end plug球头销ball stud球头座ball cup压缩弹簧compression spring梯形机构tie rod linkage梯形臂tie rod arm转向横拉杆steering tie rod接头socket横拉杆端接头tie rod end分段式梯形机构split tie rod type tie rod linkage摆臂swing arm动力转向power steering气压式动力转向air-power steering液压式动力转向hydraulic power steerig液压常流式动力转向hydraulic constant flow type power steering 液压储能式动力转向hydraulic accumulator power steering慢速转向slow steeirng快速转向fast steering (quick steering)过度转向oversteering转向不足understeering转向系刚度steering system stiffness转向盘自由行程free play of steering wheel转向器转动力矩rotating torque of steering gear转向力矩steering mometn转向阻力矩steering resisting torque转向力steering force转向传动比steering gear ratio (steering ratio0恒定转向传动比constant ratio steering可变转向传动比variable ratio steering转向系角传动比steering system angle ratio转向器角传动比steering gear angle ratio转向传动机构角传动比steering linkage angle ratio转向器传动效率steerign gear efficiency正效率forward efficiency逆效率reverse efficiency转向器扭转刚度torsional stiffness of steering gear转向盘总圈数total number of steering wheel turns转向器总圈数total turns of steering gaer转向器传动间隙steering gar cleanrance摇臂轴最大转角max.rotating angle of pitman arm shaft转向摇臂最大摆角max. Swing angle of steering pitman arm转向器反驱动力矩reverse rotating torque of steering gear转向器最大输出扭矩steering gear max. Output torque最大工作压力max. Working pressure额定工作压力rated working pressure转向油泵理论排量theoretical displacement of pump限制流量limited flow转向控制阀预开隙pre-opened play of steering contol valve转向控制阀全开隙totally -opened play of steering control valve转向控制阀内泄漏量internal leakage in steering control valve转向控制阀压力降pressure loss in steering control valve转向器角传动比特性steering gear angle ratio characteristic转向器传动间隙特性steering gear clearance characterstic转向器传动效率特性steering gear efficeieny characteristic转向力特性steering force characteristic动力转向系灵敏度特性power steering systme response characteristic转向控制阀压力降特性steeirn gcontrol valve presrue loss characteristtic 前桥front axle工字梁I-beam双工字梁twin I-beam非驱动桥dead axle转向节steering knuckle挂车转向装置steering system of trailer中央主销式转向装置central king pin type steering systme 无主销转向装置no king pin type steering system全杆式转向装置all linkage tyep steering system球销式转向节ball and socket steering knuckle转向节止推轴承steering knuckle thrust bearing前轮轴front wheel spindle转向盘轴steering spindle转向节轴knuckle spindle转向节臂steering knuckle arm(转向节)主销knuckle pin(King pin)反拳式前桥reverse elliott axle反拳式转向节reverse elliott steering knuckle叉式前桥elliott type axle叉式转向节elliott steering knuckle制动系braking ssytem类型tyep行车制动系统service braking sytem应急制动系统secondary (emergency )braking sytem 驻车制动系统parking braking system辅助制动系统auxiliary braking system自动制动系统automatic braking sytem人力制动系统muscular energy braking sytem助力制动系统energy assisted braking system动力制动系统non-muscular energy braking system 惯性制动系统inertial braking styem重力制动系统gravity braking sytem单回路制动系统single-circuit braking system双回路制动系统dual -ciurcuit braking system单管路制动系统single-line braking system双管路制动系统dual braking sytem多管路制动系统multi-line braking sytem连续制动系统continuous braking sytem半连续制动系统semi-continuous braking sytemm非连续制动系统non-continuous braking system伺服制动系统servo braking system液压制动系统hydraulic braking sytem电磁制动系统electormagnetic braking sytem机械制动系统mechanical braking sytem组合制动系统combination braking sytem基本术语bsic terms制动装备braking equipment组成部件constituent elements制动力学braking mechanics渐进制动gradual braking制动能源braking energy source制动力矩braking torque总制动力total braking force干扰后效制动力矩distrubing residual braking torque总制动距离total braking distance有效制动距离active braking distance制动力分配率braking force distaribution rate制动效能因素(制动强度)braking efficiency factro制动力braking work瞬时制动功率instantaneous braking power保护压力rptection pressure报警压力alarm pressure制动系滞后braking system hysteresis制动效果百分数percentage of the braking efficiency停车距离(制动距离)stopping distance充分发出的平均减速度mean fully developed braking deceleration (MFDD) 制动反应时间reaction time促动时间actuating time初始反应时间initial response time制动力增长时间build-up time of braking force 有效制动时间active braking time释放时间release time驾驶员反应时间reaction time of driver机构滞后时间mechanism hysteresis time 增长时间build-up time of braking force 主制动时间main braking time总制动时间total braking tiem停车时间stopping tiem开启行程opening travel空行程spare travel中间行程mid-travel制动储备行程reserve brake travel断油行程cut-off travel行程损失loss of travel缩小比(减压比)reduction ratio回缩retraction两片法two-plate method单片法single-plate method含水量moistrue content单轮控制individual wheel control多轮控制multi wheel control轴控制axle control边控制side control对角控制diagonal control组合多轴控制combined multi-axle control 可变选择variable selection最低控制速度minimum control speed传感器信号选择sensor signal低选择select -low高选择select-high预定选择predetermined selectin车轮选择selection by wheel平均选择average selecton分辨率resolution rate控制周期control cycle控制频率control frequency控制力control force作用力control froce制动器效能因素application force制动器材的滞后brake hysteresis制动器输出力矩brake output torque制动器额定力矩brake rating torque制动蹄效能因素brake shoe efficiency factro制动蹄作用压力application pressure of brake shoe assebmly 制动蹄释放压力release pressure of brake shoe最大制动蹄中心升程maximum shoe centre lift制动鼓直径drum diameter制动鼓宽度drum width制动鼓厚度drum thickness制动盘厚度disc thickness(鼓或盘)的摩擦面积swept area制动衬片吸收功率power absorption of lining制动衬片包角lining arc制动衬片单位面积制动力lining drag衬片摩擦系数lining mu衬片摩擦面积/每轴lining area/axle衬片摩擦面积/每个制动器lining area/brake踏板行程pedal travel踏板自由行程free pedal travel踏板最大行程maximum pedal travel踏板力pedal effort有效踏板长度effective pedal length踏板速比。
汽车内饰件常见英语翻译
01-零件(Part)一、零件总成(Parts Assembly)1、发动机舱系统(Engine Compartment System)1.引擎盖隔音垫Hood2.前围前隔音垫Dashout2、乘员舱饰件系统(Passenger Compartment System)1.主地毯Carpet2.顶棚Headliner3.前围后隔音垫Dashinner4.脚垫Mat5.衣帽架Package Tray6.中通道隔音垫Tunnel Insulator7.座椅靠背地毯Seat Back Carpet3、行李箱饰件系统(Trunk Trim System)1.侧饰板Side trim2.备胎盖Trunk Carpet3.内饰板Decklid Trim4、外饰系统(Exterior Trim Systems)1.密封条Sealing2.轮罩Wheel House3.防水膜Water Shield二、外协件(Outsourcing Parts)1.塑料固定扣(尼龙扣)Plastic Fixed Buckle (Nylon Buttons)2.塑料尾部连接块卡扣Plastic Tail Connection Buckle3.塑料尾部连接块顶端卡扣Plastic Tail Top Connection Buckle4.金属连接扣Metal Connection Buckle5.塑料保险带扣Plastic Seat Belts Buckle6.组合卡子Combination Bands7.尼龙拉手Nylon Shake Hander8.塑料拉手Plastic Handle9.索环Lasso10.拉索组件Lasso Components11.阅读灯面板组件Reading Lamp Panel Components12.遮阳板组件Sunshading Board Components13.遮阳板支撑组件Sunshading Board Support Components14.喇叭罩组件Horn Cover Components15.纸巾盒组件Paper Towel Box Components16.金属底座Metal Base17.塑料底座Plastic Base18.塑料尾部连接块底座Plastic Tail Connection Base19.塑料儿童座椅Plastic Children Seat20.雷达探测器支撑Radar Detectors Supportor21.塑料拉手总成固定器Plastic Handle Assembly Holder22.垫块Block/Pad23.EPP尾部缓冲块EPP Tail Buffer Piece24.PE附胶海绵块PE With Glue Sponge Pieces25.隔音棉吸音垫Sound Insulation Cotton Sound-Absorbing Pad26.毛毡缓冲垫Pad Felt27.再生棉缓冲垫组件Regenerated Cushioning Pad Components28.PU海绵通风条PU Sponge Article Ventilation29.停车警示器Parking Warning30.加筋附膜铝箔Membrane Attached Reinforced Aluminum Foil31.保护套Cases32.铁瓦楞Corrugated Iron33.折叠式金属周转箱Folding Metal Turnover Box34.备胎衬套Spare Tire Bushing35.螺钉Screws36.排钉针Chain riveting Needle37.千斤顶垫片Jack Gaskets38.固定簧片Fixed Reeds39.PU720胶水PU720 Glue40.AS-108复合胶AS-108 Compound Plastic41.香蕉水Banana Oil42.喷漆Spray Paint43.脱模剂Softening Agent44.硅油纸Silicone Oil Paper45.标签Label46.纸箱Carton47.双面胶Double-Sided Adhesive48.网格箱(铁笼)The Grid Box (Cages)49.料架Rack50.薄膜袋Film Bag51.色精Color Concentrate52.线束Wire三、汽车相关部件(Vehicles related parts)1.坐垫Seat Cushion2.座位靠背Seat Back3.安全带Seat Belt4.座椅Seats5.顶棚Head Liner6.后置物板Package Tray7.敞篷车顶Convertible Top8.扶手Arm Rest9.遮阳板Sunvisor10.窗帘Curtain11.轮罩Wheel Housing Cover12.发动机舱盖Engine Compartment Cover13.防撞件Crash-Deployed Element14.金属网格栅Metal Mesh Grill15.电池Battery16.前大灯Front Lamp17.后大灯Rear Lamp18.车内灯Interior Light19.行李箱灯Trunk Light20.外后视镜Exterior Mirror21.内后视镜Interior Mirror22.门锁Door Locks23.仪表台Instruction Panel24.玻璃升降器Window Regulator25.喇叭Speaker26.高位刹车灯CHMSL27.线束EDS28.前保险杠Front Bumper29.后保险杠Rear Bumper30.通风格栅Radiator Grill31.门把手Outer Door Handle32.侧裙板Sill Outer33.前挡风玻璃Front Wind Screen34.后挡风玻璃Rear Wind Screen35.侧窗Side Door Screen36.天窗Sun Roof37.钣金Sheet Metal02-原材料(Raw Material)一、基材(Substrate Material)1.麻纤维板Hemp Fiberboard2.木粉板Wood Stock3.玻纤片材Glass Fiber Sheet4.CPP板CPP Sheet5.PU板材PU Sheet6.XPE片材XPE Sheet7.EV A片材EV A Sheet8.热塑性橡胶TPR (Thermoplastic Rubber)9.PE膜PE Foil二、面料(Surfacing Material)1.无纺布Non-Woven2.起绒地毯Gigging Carpet3.簇绒地毯Tufting Carpet4.针刺地毯Landline Carpet/ needle-punched carpet5.PVC革PVC Leather6.牛巴革Nubuk7.针织面料Knitted fabrics三、附件材料(Filling Material)1、发泡材料(Foaming Material )1.EPP发泡件EPP Foam2.PU发泡多元醇PU Foaming Polyatomic Alcohol3.PU发泡异氰酸酯PU Foaming Isocyanate4.PU海绵PU Foam5.PUR轻质海绵PUR Light Foam/Light weight PUR foam6.改性MDI Modified MDI7.XPE发泡XPE Foam2、棉类材料(Cotton Material)1.玻璃棉Glass Wool2.丝光棉Mercerized Cotton3.双组份棉Dissipative4.再生棉Recycle cotton5.成型毡Shaping Felt6.直立棉spray-bonded nonwoven fabric3、辅助材料(Auxiliary Materials)1.铝箔Aluminum Foil2.丁基胶Butyl adhesive3.热熔胶Hot Melt adhesive4.压敏胶pressure-sensitive adhesive5.PP粉PP Powder6.美纹纸masking tape7.硅油纸Silicon Paper四、常用英文缩写材料中英文释义(Common AbbreviationMaterials Chinese/English Meaning)1.CPP 流延聚丙烯薄膜Casein Polypropylene2.PU 聚氨基甲酸酯(聚氨酯) Polyurethane3.XPE 物理交联聚乙烯发泡材料Physical Crosslinking Polyethylene4.PET 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯Polyethylene Terephthalate5.PVC 聚氯乙烯Poly Vinyl Chloride6.EPP 聚丙烯塑料发泡材料Expanded Polypropylene7.PUR 聚氨酯Polyurethane8.EVA 乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer9.PE 聚乙烯Polyethylene10.PP 聚丙烯Polypropylene11.MDI 二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate12.TPR 热塑性橡胶Termo Plastic Rubber03-工艺(Process)一、原材料加工(Raw Material Process)1.起绒Gigging2.簇绒Tufting3.圈绒Loop4.加捻Twist5.梳理carding6.铺网web7.混纺blending8.浸渍impregnation9.针刺Needling/Fleece10.发泡Foaming11.撒粉Powder12.搅拌Stirring13.加热Heating14.硫化Vulcanizing15.附膜Laminating16.裁片Cutting17.辊压Rolling18.挤出Extrusion二、零件加工(Parts Processing)1.定型Cooling2.保压Pressure Maintaining3.模压Mould Pressing4.吸塑Vacuum Forming5.冲切Die-Cutting6.冲孔Punching7.水切割Water-Jet Cutting8.包边Wrapping/overfold/overlocking9.烘干Drying三、零件装配(Parts Assembly)1.喷漆Spray Painting2.装配Assembling3.焊接Welding4.热熔喷胶Hot Melt Adhesive Spraying04-设备(Equipment)一、实验室设备(Laboratory Equipment)1、NVH设备(NVH Testing Equipment)1.整车半消声室Vehicle Semi-Anechoic Chamber2.隔声室Sound Insulation Room3.立达汽车ALPHA CABIN测试系统Rieter Automotive ALPHA CABIN System4.空气流阻测试系统Airflow Resistance Test System5.孔隙率测试系统Porosity Test System6.主观评价室Sound Quality Evaluation Room7.BK 3560D型振动噪声测试系统BK Vibration And Noise Test System8.Muller-BBM MKⅡ型振动噪声Muller-BBM Vibration And Noise Test System测试系统9.LMS通道振动噪声测试分析系统LMS Vibration And Noise Test System10.阻抗管Impedance Tube11.数字人工头Head Acoustics Digital Artificial Head12.加速度传感器Acceleration Transducer13.力传感器Force Transducer14.麦克风(传声器)Microphone2、理化实验设备(Physical And Chemical Testing Equipment)1.划格器Delimit The Case2.马弗炉Muffle Furnace3.塞多利斯电子天平Electronic Balance4.橡胶塑料测厚仪Rubber Plastic Thickness Gauge5.傅里叶红外光谱仪Fourier Infrared Spectrometer6.热重分析仪Thermography Analyzer7.马弗炉Muffle Furnace8.刮伤试验机Scratch Test Instrument9.龙门三座标测量机Long Men Hexagon CMM10.触点式三坐标测量机Touch Drop CMM11.雾化测试验仪Atomizing Test Instrument12.紫外分光光度计Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer13.气相色谱仪Gas Chromatograph14.汗渍色牢度仪Color Fastness to Perspiration Increment15.摩擦脱色牢度仪Crocking Fastness Tester16.燃烧试验箱Combustion Test Box17.数字式织物测厚仪Digital Fabric Thickness Gauge18.织物沾水度测定仪Fabric Watermark Degree Measuring Instrument19.恒温恒湿试验箱Programmable Environment Chamber20.换气式老化试验机Convection And Ventilation Aging Oven21.耐候实验机Accelerated Weathering Tester22.标准多光源对色箱Daylight23.耐磨耗测试仪Taber Type Abrasion Tester24.摩擦脱色耗试验机Crock Meter25.电子拉力试验机Force Testing Machine26.燃烧试验机Flammability Tester27.数字式织物厚度仪Digital Fabric Thickness Meter28.电子天平Electronic Balance29.汗渍色牢度仪Sweat Be Soiled Fastness Instrument30.邵氏橡胶硬度计Shore Hardness Meter31.恒温鼓风干燥箱Constant Temperature Drying Oven32.光泽计Gloss Meters33.压缩装置Compression Device34.拉力试验机Material Testing Machine35.臭氧仪Ozone Instrument36.蠕变试验箱Creep Test Box37.盐水喷雾试验箱Salt Spray Test Cases38.高温试验箱High Temperature Testing Box39.小型高温箱High Temperature Testing Box40.马弗炉Muffle Furnace41.威尔逊数显硬度计Wilson Digital Display Hardness Tester42.覆层测厚仪Cladding Thickness Gauge43.橡胶低温脆性试验台Low Temperature Brittleness Test Rubber44.橡胶回弹性试验机Rubber Combined Testing Machine45.橡胶塑料测厚仪Rubber Plastic Thickness Gauge46.傅里叶红外光谱仪Fourier Infrared Spectrometer47.热重分析仪Thermography Analyzer48.莱卡显微镜Lei Ca Microscope49.光谱分析仪Spectrum Analyzer50.洛氏硬度计Rockwell Hardness Plan51.布氏硬度计Brielle Hardness Tester二、基材设备(Base Materials Equipment)1.PP/PE片材生产线PP / PE Plate Production Line2.无纺布淋膜机Non-Woven Laminating Machine3.EV A片材生产线4.挤出机extruder5.切片机Slicer6.三辊压光机Three - roller embosser7.立式搅拌干燥机Vertical Stirring Dryer三、地毯设备(Carpet Equipment)1.Line 1#工程材料生产线Line 1 # Engineering Materials Production Line2.Line 2#工程材料生产线Line 2 # Engineering Materials Production Line3.Line 3#工程材料生产线Line 3 # Engineering Materials Production Line4.Line 4#工程材料生产线Line 4 # Engineering Materials Production Line5.Line 5#工程材料生产线Line 5 # Engineering Materials Production Line6.Line 6#多重组合棉毡线Line 6 # Multiple Combined Cotton Line7.三辊整烫机Three Roller Ironing Machine8.工程材料拉绒机Engineering Material Brushed Machine9.起绒针刺机Pile Needling Machine10.鼓风干燥箱Blast Drying Oven11.工程材料定型线Engineering Materials Forming Line12.立式搅拌干燥机Vertical Stirring Dryer13.地毯淋膜机Laminating Machine14.自动撒粉机Automatic Duster15.Q检倒卷机Film Rewinder16.精密四柱截断机Precise Four-Post Cutting Machine17.自动裁片机Automatic Cutting Machine四、工厂设备(Factory Equipment)1.冷冻机Chiller Machine2.平板硫化机Flat Vulcanizing Machine3.阿特拉斯空压机Air Compressor4.真空发生器Vacuum Generator5.LDA型电动单梁起重机LDA Type Electric Single Beam Crane6.全智能自动成型机Fully Automatic Forming Machine7.温湿环境检测设备Temperature And Humidity Test Equipment8.200T液压机200T Hydraulic Press9.自动送料远红外加热推进设备Automatic Feeding of Far Infrared HeatingEquipment10.叉车(5T) Forklift Truck(5T)11.铲车Forklift12.电焊机Electro-Welding Machine13.缝纫机Sewing Machine14.打包机Packing Machine15.自制烘箱Homemade Oven16.四工位汽车前围高压Four Station Auto Insulation Pad High Pressure发泡生产线Foaming Production Line17.往复式真空泵Reciprocating Vacuum Pump18.平缝机Flat Sewing Machine19.油加热器Oil Heater Machine20.热熔喷胶系统Hot Melt Adhesive System21.ABB工业机器人ABB Industrial Robot22.真空吸塑成型机Vacuum Forming Machine23.钢板冲床Steel Punch Press24.50T平板压机50T Flat Press Machine25.剪板机Shearing Machine26.超声波塑胶溶接机Ultrasonic Plastic Welding Machine27.烘箱Oven28.顶棚生产线Headline Production Line29.电磁调速分散机Electromagnetic Speed Dispersion Machine30.冲切机Punching Machine31.发泡生产线Foam Production Line32.大型帘式喷漆房Large Curtain Type Spray Painting Room33.模具预加热天然气烘箱Preheat Molding Natural Gas Oven34.主地毯生产线Automatic Main Carpet Production Line35.热熔胶机Hot Melt Gluing Machine36.半自动压力成型机Semi-Automatic Pressure Forming Machine37.发那科双手臂工业机器人Fanac Dual Arm Robot38.焊扣机Buckle Welding Machine04-实验(Test)一、NVH实验(NVH Testing)1.阻抗管吸声系数实验Normal Incidence Sound Absorption Coefficients Test2.阻抗管传递损失实验Normal Incidence Sound Transmission Loss Test3.空气流阻实验Flow Resistance Test4.孔隙率实验Porosity Test5.混响室吸声系数实验Reverberant Sound Absorption Coefficients Test6.Alpha Cabin吸声系数实验Alpha Cabin Sound Absorption Coefficients Test7.声音传递损失实验Sound Transmission Loss(STL)Test8.车内噪声实验Vehicle Interior Noise Test9.语音清晰度指数实验Articulation Index Test10.传递路径分析Transfer Path Analysis(TPA)11.异响分析Beamforming12.声功率实验Sound Power Test13.整车隔声量实验Vehicle Noise Reduction Test14.声音插入损失实验Sound Insertion Loss Test15.声品质分析Sound Quality Analysis16.车内噪声源定位Vehicle Interior Noise Source Location二、理化实验(Physical And Chemical Testing)1.克重Mass Weight2.密度Density3.厚度Thickness4.外貌APPEARANCE5.尺寸稳定性Dimensional Stability,6.拉伸强度Tensile Strength/Elongation7.撕裂强度Tear Strength8.剥离强度Peel Adhesion Strength9.剪切强度Shear Adhesion Strength10.冷挠曲性Cold Flexibility11.耐磨耗Resistance to Abrasion12.热稳定性Shrinkage13.燃烧性Flammability14.循环试验Circular Test15.耐光色牢度Color Fastness to Light16.气味Odor17.雾翳试验Fogging18.甲醛散发The Release of Formaldehyde19.总碳挥发Total Emissions20.水分含量Moisture Content21.吸水性Water Absorption22.厚度膨胀量Thickness Swell23.生霉Mildew Growth24.吸音率Sound Absorption Rate25.抗臭氧性Ozone Resistance26.冲击强度Impact Strength27.灰分含量Ash Content28.温度偏差Temperature Deflection29.出尘Dust30.摩擦色牢度Color Crock31.水浸色牢度Dye Stability32.清洁性Cleanability33.硬度Hardness34.低温粘结试验Cold Adhesion Test35.环境照射量Environmental Exposure36.耐水压Hydrostatic Pressure Resistance37.阻塞Blocking38.可修理性Repairability39.储藏稳定性Storage Stability05-设计(Design)1.产品同步设计Product synchronous Design2.声学包仿真Sound Package Simulation06-模具(Tooling)一、模具制造设备(Tooling Making Machine)1.模具加工中心Tooling Center2.龙门加工中心Machining Center3.深孔钻床Deep Hole Drilling Machine4.高速切削加工中心High Speed Cutting Machining Center5.合模机Clapper die spotting press6.电脉冲Electric pulse machine7.数控机床CNC07-检具(Gauge)08-工装08-产品质量先期策划(APQP)8.设备(设施)Facility9.样件Prototype10.规范Specification11.标准Standard12.工艺Process13.流程图Flowchart14.包装Packaging15.发货Shipping16.工程Engineering17.审核Audit18.用标签标记Labeling19.成品Finished Product20.成品Final Product21.在制品Work In Process(WIP)22.尺寸Dimensional23.防锈Rust Preventitive24.热处理Heat Treat25.污染(沾污)Contamination26.残留物Sediment27.抽样Sampling28.样本数量Sample Sizes29.抽样频次Check Frequency30.总成零件Assembled Part31.总成Assembly32.来料Incoming Material33.追溯性Traceability34.顺向追溯Fluent Trace35.顺向追溯Forward Trace36.逆向追溯Refluent Tracebility37.逆向追溯Backward Trace38.场地布局Layout39.标识Identify40.校准Calibrate41.重复性Repeatability42.再现性Reproducability43.操作指导书Operator Instructions44.不合格品Non-Conforming Part45.不合格品Reject46.处理Dispose47.废料,报废Scrap48.签样,标准样品Master Sample49.防错设备,防错装置Error Proofing Device50.预防性维修Preventive Maintenance51.纠正措施Corrective Action52.返工/返修Repair/ Rework53.停线Downtime54.轮班Shift55.偏离Deviation56.偏斜Deflect57.技术规范Technical Regulation58.实际图纸Actual Drawing59.更新Up to Date60.更新Update61.持续改进Continuous Improvement62.记录Log63.记录表Record Sheet64.仓储Storage65.批号Batch NO.66.先进先出FIFO(First In, First Out)67.自查Self-Check68.中转库Transfer Storage69.条形码Bar Code70.胶接(粘接)Cementing71.粘合Bonding72.覆盖Cladding73.焊接Welding74.(橡胶)硫化Vulcanize75.多功能团队Cross-Functional Team76.爬坡量Ramp-Up Volume77.定点Sourcing Decision78.客户输入要求Customer Input Requirements79.工艺Craftsmanship80.样件制造Prototype Build81.设备,设施Facility82.样件Prototype83.规范Specification84.标准Standard85.工艺Process86.流程图Flowchart87.包装Packaging88.发货Shipping89.工程Engineering90.审核Audit91.用标签标记Labeling92.成品Finished Product93.成品Final Product94.在制品Work In Process(WIP)95.尺寸Dimensional96.防锈Rust Preventitive97.热处理Heat Treat98.污染,沾污Contamination99.残留物Sediment100.抽样Sampling101.样本数量Sample Sizes102.抽样频次Check Frequency103.总成零件Assembled Part104.总成Assembly105.来料Incoming Material 106.追溯性Traceability107.顺向追溯Fluent Trace108.顺向追溯Forward Trace109.逆向追溯Refluent Tracebility 110.逆向追溯Backward Trace111.场地布局Layout112.标识Identify113.校准Calibrate114.重复性Repeatability115.再现性Reproducability116.操作指导书Operator Instructions 117.不合格品Non-Conforming Part 118.不合格品Reject119.处理Dispose120.废料,报废Scrap121.签样,标准样品Master Sample122.防错设备,防错装置Error Proofing Device 123.预防性维修Preventive Maintenance 124.纠正措施Corrective Action125.返工/返修Repair/ Rework126.停线Downtime127.轮班Shift128.偏离Deviation129.偏斜Deflect130.技术规范Technical Regulation 131.实际图纸Actual Drawing132.更新Up to Date133.更新Update134.持续改进Continuous Improvement 135.记录Log136.记录表Record Sheet137.仓储Storage138.批号Batch NO.139.先进先出FIFO(First In, First Out) 140.自查Self-Check141.中转库Transfer Storage142.条形码Bar Code143.胶接,粘接Cementing144.粘合Bonding145.覆盖Cladding146.焊接Welding147.(橡胶)硫化Vulcanize148.多功能团队Cross-Functional Team149.爬坡量Ramp-Up Volume150.定点Sourcing Decision151.客户输入要求Customer Input Requirements152.工艺Craftsmanship153.样件制造Prototype Build09-常用缩写(Abbreviation)1.APQP 产品质量先期策划Advanced Product Quality Planning2.PPAP 生产件批准程序Production Part Approval Process3.RFQ 询价请求Request For Quotation4.SA 采购协议Sourcing Agreement5.CPA 商业和项目协议Commercial And Program Agreement6.ADVP&R 分析,开发,验证计划和报告Analysis, Development, ValidationPlan& Report7.DV 设计验证Design Verification8.DFMEA 设计失效模式和效果分析Design Failure Mode And EffectsAnalysis9.PFMEA 产品失效模式和效果分析Product Failure Mode And EffectsAnalysis10.CP 控制计划Control Plan11.PTR 试生产Production Trial Run12.SOR 工程要求Statement of Requirement13.PATAC 泛亚14.DRE 设计数据工程师Design Release Engineer15.PR&R 问题报告和解决Problem Report & Resolution16.VOC 挥发性有机碳合物V olatile Organic Carbon Compounds。
环境英文词汇翻译
Pollution:环境污染相关英语词汇集锦污染物aerosols 气溶胶/ 气雾剂agricultural wastes 农业废物asbestos 石棉commercial noise 商业噪音composite pollution 混合污染dioxins 二恶英hazardous substances 危险物质hazardous wastes 危险废物heavy metals 重金属hospital wastes 医院废物industrial effluents 工业废水industrial emissions 工业排放物industrial fumes 工业烟尘industrial noise 工业噪声inorganic pollutants 无机污染物lead contamination 铅污染liquid wastes 液体废物litter 丢弃物/ 废气物mercury contamination 汞污染micropollutants 微污染物mining wastes 采矿废物motor vehicle emissions 机动车辆排放物municipal waste 城市废物nitrogen oxides 氮氧化物noise pollution 噪声污染odour nuisance 恶臭公害organic pollutants 有机物污染persistent organic pollutants 难降解有机污染物pharmaceutical wastes 医药废物plastic wastes 塑料废物radioactive substances 放射性物质rubber waste 橡胶废物sewage 污水solid wastes 固体废物thermal pollution 热污染toxic substances 有毒物质toxic waste 有毒废物toxins 毒素traffic noise 交通噪音trash 废物/ 垃圾wood waste 木材废料污染源biological weapons 生物武器cement industry 水泥工业chemical weapons 化学武器chimneys 烟囱motor vehicles 机动车辆motorcycles 摩托车nuclear weapons 核武器ocean dumping 海洋倾倒oil spills 石油泄漏scrap metals 废金属excavation heaps 挖掘堆积污染治理acoustic insulation 隔音chemical decontamination 化学污染清除desulphurization of fuels 燃料脱硫filters 过滤器noise abatement 噪音治理pollution abatement equipment 污染治理设备pollution control technology 污染控制技术radiation protection 辐射防护scrubbers 洗涤器separators 分离器smoke prevention 防烟waste minimization 废物最少化废物battery disposal 电池处理chemical treatment of waste 废物的化学处理disposal sites 处置场所incineration of waste 废物焚烧mine filling 矿山回填oil residue recuperation 残油回收radioactive waste management 放射性废物管理recycled materials 回收的材料recycling 回收reuse of materials 材料再利用sanitary landfills 卫生填埋sea outfall 海洋排泄口septic tanks 化粪池sewage disposal 污水处置sewage treatment systems 污水处理系统solid waste disposal 固体废物处置waste assimilation capacities 废物同化处置waste conversion techniques 废物转化技术waste disposal 废物处置waste disposal in the ground 废物土地处置waste recovery 废物回收waste use 废物利用water reuse 水的再利用环境保护词汇集锦与环境保护有关的词汇World Environment Day Themes 历年世界环境日主题2006世界环境日主题:“沙漠和荒漠化--莫使旱地变荒漠”2006 Deserts and Desertification-Don't Desert Drylands!中国主题:生态安全与环境友好型社会1974 Only one Earth 只有一个地球1975 Human Settlements人类居住1976 Water: Vital Resource for Life 水:生命的重要源泉1977 Ozone Layer Environmental Concern; Lands Loss and Soil Degradation; Firewood关注臭氧层破坏,水土流失1978 Development Without Destruction没有破坏的发展1979 Only One Future for Our Children - Development Without Destruction为了儿童和未来--没有破坏的发展1980 A New Challenge for the New Decade: Development Without Destruction新的十年,新的挑战--没有破坏的发展1981 Ground Water; Toxic Chemicals in Human Food Chains and Environmental Economics 保护地下水和人类的食物链,防治有毒化学品污染1982 Ten Y ears After Stockholm (Renewal of Environmental Concerns)斯德哥尔摩人类环境会议十周年--提高环境意识1983 Managing and Disposing Hazardous Waste: Acid Rain and Energy管理和处置有害废弃物,防治酸雨破坏和提高能源利用率1984 Desertification沙漠化1985 Y outh: Population and the Environment青年、人口、环境1986 A Tree for Peace 环境与和平1987 Environment and Shelter: More Than A Roof 环境与居住1988 When People Put the Environment First, Development Will Last保护环境、持续发展、公众参与1989 Global Warming; Global Warning警惕全球变暖1990 Children and the Environment儿童与环境1991 Climate Change. Need for Global Partnership气候变化--需要全球合作1992 Only One Earth, Care and Share只有一个地球--一齐关心,共同分享1993 Poverty and the Environment - Breaking the Vicious Circle贫穷与环境--摆脱恶性循环1994 One Earth One Family 一个地球,一个家庭1995 We the Peoples: United for the Global Environment各国人民联合起来,创造更加美好的未来1996 Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home 我们的地球、居住地、家园1997 For Life on Earth 为了地球上的生命1998 For Life on Earth - Save Our Seas 为了地球上的生命--拯救我们的海洋1999 Our Earth - Our Future - Just Save It! 拯救地球就是拯救未来2000 2000 The Environment Millennium - Time to Act2000环境千年- 行动起来吧!2001 Connect with the World Wide Web of life世间万物生命之网2002 Give Earth a Chance 让地球充满生机2003 Water - Two Billion People are Dying for It! 水--二十亿人生命之所系2004 Wanted! Seas and Oceans - Dead or Alive? 海洋存亡匹夫有责2005 Green Cities - Plan for the Planet! 营造绿色城市,呵护地球家园中国主题:人人参与创建绿色家园联合国环境与发展大会(环发大会)United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)环发大会首脑会议Summit Session of UNCED联合国环境规划署United Nations Environment Programs (UNEP)国际生物多样性日International Biodiversity Day (29 December)世界水日World Water Day (22 March)世界气象日World Meteorological Day(23 March)世界海洋日World Oceans Day (8 June )人与生物圈方案Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme (UNESCO)中国21世纪议程China's Agenda 21中国生物多样性保护行动计划China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan中国跨世纪绿色工程规划China Trans-Century Green Project Plan生物多样性公约Convention on Biological Diversity防治荒漠化国际公约Convention to Combat Desertification气候变化框架公约United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change国家环境保护总局State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA)坚持环境保护基本国策adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection污染者负担的政策"the-polluters-pay" policy强化环境管理的政策policy of tightening up environmental management环保执法检查environmental protection law enforcement inspection限期治理undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time生态示范区eco-demonstration region; environment-friendly region国家级生态示范区(珠海)Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region国家级园林城市Nationally Designated Garden City工业固体废物industrial solid wastes白色污染white pollution (by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics)可降解一次性塑料袋throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags放射性废料积存accumulation of radioactive waste有机污染物organic pollutants三废综合利用multipurpose use of three types of wastes(waste water, waste gas, solid waste)城市垃圾无害化处理率decontamination rate of urban refuse垃圾填埋场refuse landfill垃圾焚化厂refuse incinerator防止过度利用森林protect forests from overexploitation森林砍伐率deforestation rate水土流失water and soil erosion土壤盐碱化soil alkalization生态农业environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture水资源保护区water resource conservation zone海水淡化sea water desalinization造林工程afforestation project绿化面积afforested areas; greening space森林覆盖率forest coverage防风林wind breaks防沙林sand breaks速生林fast-growing trees降低资源消耗率slow down the rate of resource degradation开发可再生资源develop renewable resources环保产品environment-friendly products自然保护区nature reserve野生动植物wild fauna and flora保护生存环境conserve natural habitats濒危野生动物endangered wildlife珍稀濒危物种繁育基地rare and endangered species breeding center美化环境landscaping design for environmental purposes环境恶化environmental degradation温饱型农业subsistence agriculture空气污染浓度air pollution concentration酸雨、越境空气污染acid rain and transboundary air pollution工业粉尘排放industrial dust discharge烟尘排放soot emissions矿物燃料(煤、石油、天然气)fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas清洁能源clean energy汽车尾气排放motor vehicle exhaust尾气净化器exhaust purifier无铅汽油lead-free gasoline天然气汽车gas-fueled vehicles电动汽车cell-driven vehicles; battery cars小排量汽车small-displacement (engine) vehicles温室效应greenhouse effect工业废水处理率treatment rate of industrial effluents城市污水处理率treatment rate of domestic sewage集中处理厂centralized treatment plant>> 译海拾贝>> 英语>> 矿产.资源.能源.环境环境词汇(T-V)tag 作标记; 标志tagged 标记的; 示踪的tagged molecule 标记分子; 示踪分子tail 峰尾; 谱带尾色谱技术tail assay 尾料分析; 尾气分析tail recession 尾水消退tailings 尾渣; 尾矿tailings pond 尾矿池; 尾水池tamper 干扰; 暗中破坏tanker 油轮; 油船; 油罐车; 油槽车Task Force on Low and Cold Emission Sources 低和冷排放源问题工作队tax allowances for anti-pollution investments 税率优待反污染投资tax differenciation (on petrol) 对石油的差别计税tax incentives 税率奖励tax relief 税捐减免taxa [pl. of taxon] 生物分类群TCP 热带气旋计划TDGC 危险货物运输规则TECEMO 气象学仪器和观测方法成本效率问题Technical Commission for Climatology 气候学技术委员会technical grade 工业级Technical Regulations 技术规则; 技术规范technological articles 技术论文technological hazard 工艺危害; 技术危害technological installations 技术设备technological items 技术物品; 技术产品technological line 技术生产线technological plastics 高级技术塑料; 工艺塑料technological requirements 技术要求; 技术规格technological state of the art 最先进技术水平technology 技术; 工艺学telemetry 遥测技术Television Infrared Observational Satellite (Tiros) 电视红外观测卫星tellurium compounds 碲化合物temperate forest biosphere 温带森林生物层temperature inversion 逆温temperature lapse rate 温度直减率temperature stratification 温度分层; 热结层temperature, salinity and current report 温度含盐量及海流观测报告; 温盐流报告temporal resolution 时间分辨率temporal trend 时间趋势tentative standard 暂行标准teratogen 致畸物导致畸形胎儿的物质teratogency 产生畸形terrain 地形; 地面; 地区terrestrial biota 陆地生物terrestrial non-thermal-continuum radiation 地球非热连续辐射terrestrial radiation 地球辐射tertiary treatment 废水的三级处理TESAC 温度含盐量及海流观测报告; 温盐流报告test bed 试验台test cycle 试验阶段; 试用期test observatory 试验性观测台test procedures 试验程序test run 试运转; 试车tetrachlorethylene (Cl2C=CCl2) 四氯乙烯tetrachlorodifluoroethane (C2Cl4F2) 四氯二氟乙烷tetrachloroethylene 四氯乙烯tetrachloromethane 四氯甲烷tetrafluorodichloroethane 四氟二氯乙烷tetrafluoromethane (CF4) 四氟甲烷TFAP 热带森林行动计划thallium 铊thalweg 深泓线; 谷底线; 剖面线thematic map 专题地图Thematic Mapper (TM) 专题成像仪thermal adjustment time 热响应时间thermal belt 高温带; 绿化地带thermal capacity 热容量thermal discharge 排热; 散热thermal efficiency 热效率thermal expansion (of the Oceans) 海水的热膨胀thermal fluid 热流体thermal image 热像; 热影像thermal infrared spectrum (TIR) 红外热光谱thermal input 热输入thermal inverson 逆温thermal lag (of the oceans, of the Earth) 海洋或地球的热滞后thermal load 热负荷thermal losses 热量损耗; 热耗thermal plume 热卷流thermal pollution 热污染thermal stratification 温度分层; 热结层thermal zone 高温带; 绿化地带thermally unstable substance 热不稳定物质thermocline 温跃层; 斜温层thermodynamic model of climate 气候的热力学模式thermohaline circulation of the ocean 海洋的温盐环流thermopause 热层顶thermoplastic polymer mixtures 热塑性聚合混合物thermoplastic resins 热塑性树脂thermoplastics 热塑性塑料thermosets 热固性材料thermosetting resins 热固性树脂thermosphere 热层thickness of the ozone layer 臭氧层的厚度thindown 逐渐变弱; 逐渐稀薄thin-layer chromatography 薄层色谱法thinner 稀释剂; 冲淡剂thinning of the Arctic icecap 北极冰盖逐渐变薄thinning of the ozone layer 臭氧层逐渐变薄thio 硫; 硫代thiol 硫醇threatened species 受威胁物种three-membered ring 三元环; 三原子环three-way catalytic converter 三元催化排气净化器threshold dose 阈剂量; 最低有效剂量threshold for injury 造成伤害的阈值; 造成伤害的最低限值threshold limit value (TLV) 阈限值; 最低限值threshold value 阈值throughfall 贯穿降水量; 净降水量tidal energy 潮汐能tidal waterway 感潮水道; 潮汐航道; 感潮河道tidal wave 潮波; 潮汐波; 海啸; 地震或风暴潮所引起的异常高潮位tide flow 潮流tide gauge 验潮仪; 潮位水尺tide station 验潮站; 潮位站tide theory 潮汐理论tide-gauge station 验潮站; 潮位站tideline 涨潮线tilth 耕作; 耕层; 耕性timber 木材; 木料timber forest 用材林; 乔林timber line 树木线; 森林线time belt 时区time of occurrence 发生时刻; 潜伏期Time Series of Ocean Measurements (TSOM) 海洋测量时间序列time step 时步; 时间步长time trend 时间趋势time zone 时区time-averaged anomalies 异常的时间平均值time-scale 时标; 时间尺度time-series 时间序列; 时间先后次序time-space distribution (of ozone) 臭氧的时空分布time-to-death 致命时间timing modification 更改正时TiO2 TiO2 二氧化钛; (一般不译)tip burn on leaf 叶尖枯萎tipping 倾弃tipping bucket raingauge 翻斗式雨量计tipping site 垃圾场; 倾置场TIR 红外热光谱Tiros 泰罗斯卫星; 电视红外观测卫星Tiros Operational V ertical Sounder 泰罗斯业务垂直探空器titanium dioxide (TiO2) wastes 二氧化钛废料titrant 滴定剂; 滴定用标准液TLm 半数耐受水平TLV 阈限值; 最低限值to control chemicals 控制化学品; 管制化学品to control emissions 控制排放; 管制排放to counteract environmental degradation 阻止环境的退化; 减轻环境的退化TOC 有机碳总量TOD 总需氧量TOGA热带海洋与全球大气实验计划Tokyo Conference 东京会议tolerance 容许; 许可tolerance 忍受; 耐受TOMS 臭氧总量绘图系统top 树梢topical action 局部作用top-of-the-atmosphere fluxes 大气顶部通量topographic pattern 地形图形; 地形类型topsoil 表土; 耕层Toronto Conference 多伦多会议torr 托(一毫米水银柱高的气压)total airborne fraction 污染物在大气中的总份额total chlorine (or nitrogen) 氯或氮的总量total cloud cover 总云量; 云的覆盖总量total column ozone depletion 臭氧气柱消耗总量total deposition 沈积总量total dissolved solids 溶解固体总量total exchange capacity 交换总容量total head 总水头; 总能头total nitrogen 氮的总量total organic carbon (TOC) 有机碳总量total oxidant 氧化剂总量total oxygen demand (TOD) 总需氧量total ozone column 臭氧气柱总量total ozone content 臭氧总含量total ozone deviation 臭氧总量离差Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) 臭氧总量绘图系统total ozone oscillation 臭氧总量振荡; 臭氧总量起伏total ozone unit 总臭氧单位total radiation 全辐射; 总辐射total soil water potential 土壤水总潜力total sulphur 硫的总量total suspended particulates (TSP) 悬浮微粒总量total suspended solids (TSS) 悬浮固体总量TOVS 泰罗斯业务垂直探空器toxic chemical 有毒化学品toxic concentration low 低毒性浓度toxic dose low 低毒性剂量toxic rain 毒雨toxicant 毒; 毒素; 毒物; 毒剂; 毒药; 有毒的toxicant monitoring 毒物监测toxicity assessment 毒性评价toxicity elimination 消除毒性; 清除毒性toxicity emission factor 毒性排放系数toxicity hazard zone 毒性危害区; 毒性风险区toxicity index 毒性指数toxicity limit 毒性极限; 毒性阈值toxicity mode 毒性类; 毒性型toxics 毒物; 毒剂TPPs 三聚二缩磷酸盐或酯trace analysis 痕量分析trace element 痕量元素trace gas 痕量气体; 微量气体tracer 示踪剂tracer dilution technique 示踪剂稀释技术tracer solution 示踪剂溶液track of a cyclone 气旋路径tracking 追踪; 跟踪tradable emission rights 可以转让的排放权trade mark 商标trade name 商名; 商品名trade winds 信风; 贸易风trade-off 交易; 交换; 权衡; 折衷traffic pollution 交通污染trajectory model 轨迹模式trans-atmospheric pollution 越界空气污染trans-border disposal (of hazardous wastes) 危险废物的越界处理transboundary air pollution 越界空气污染transboundary movement 越境转移transboundary waters 越界水域; 跨越国界水域transfer of a pollutant 污染物的转移transfer rate 转移率; 输送率transfer station 转移站transformation rate 转化率(原生污染物转化为次生污染物的速度) transient 瞬变的; 瞬时的; 短暂的transient flow 瞬变流动; 不稳流动transient tracers in the ocean (TTO) 海洋中的瞬变示踪剂transit State 过境国transition lake 转变中的湖泊湖水从中性转变成酸性transition phase 转变阶段; 过渡阶段transmissible 可传染的; 传染性的transport 输送; 运输; 迁移transport (of a pollutant) in soil 污染物在土壤中的迁移transport model 迁移模型transport of a slick 浮油的迁移transport rate 输送率; 转移率Transportation of Dangerous Goods Code 危险货物运输规则transportation source 交通污染源trap 收集器; 阱trapped air (in old ice) 古冰气泡中的空气trap-test 收集性能试验travel 移动; 迁移; 漂移; 飘移travel 移动; 迁移; 漂移; 飘移travel time 迁移时间travelling standards 巡检用标准仪器treatment plant 处理厂treatment sludge 污水污泥tree belt area 保护林带区tree breeding 树苗育种tree cover 林木植被tree line 森林线; 树木线tree savanna 稀树干草原tree surgery 树木外科术tree-ring 树木年轮tree-ring climatology 年轮气候学tribromomethane (CHBr3) 三溴甲烷tributyl tin chloride 三丁基氯化锡trichloroethene 三氯乙烯trichloroethylene (CHCl=CCl2) 三氯乙烯trichlorofluoromethane (CCl3F) 三氯氟甲烷trichloromethane (CHCl3) 三氯甲烷; 氯仿trichloromonofluoromethane 三氯氟甲烷trichlorotrifluoroethane 三氟三氯乙烷trickling filter 滴滤池; 散水滤床trifluorochloromethane 三氟氯甲烷trifluoromethane (CHF3) 三氟甲烷triol 三醇triphenylmethylphosphonium bromide 溴化三苯甲基triple superphosphate (TSP) 三过磷酸钙tripolyphosphates (TPPs) 三聚二缩磷酸盐或酯tritium 氚trivial name 俗名trophic factors 营养因子tropical belt 热带tropical cyclone 热带气旋tropical cyclone landfall 热带气旋登陆地气象预报项目Tropical Cyclone Programme (TCP) 热带气旋计划tropical cyclone-prone area 易于受热带气旋侵袭地区Tropical Forestry Action Plan (TFAP) 热带森林行动计划Tropical Forestry Action Programme 热带森林行动计划tropical rain forest 热带雨林tropical storm 热带风暴Tropical Wind Observation System (TWOS) 热带风观测系统tropics 热带tropopause 对流层顶troposphere 对流层tropospheric chemistry 对流层化学tropospheric lifetime 在对流层停留时间tropospheric ozone 对流层臭氧tropospheric ozone pollution 对流层臭氧污染tropospheric ozone station 对流层臭氧观测站tropospheric residence time 在对流层停留时间trough 低压槽; 槽形低压true resin 真树脂; 天然树脂true specific gravity 绝对比重; 密度turbid 浑浊的turbidimeter 浑浊度计turbidity 浑浊度turbidity 浑浊度; 含沙量turbo(-)charged engine 涡轮增压发动机turbopause 湍流层顶turbulance 湍流; 湍动性turbulent diffusion 湍流扩散turbulent diffusion model 湍流扩散模式turbulent exchange 湍流交换turbulent flow 湍流two-dimensional (paper) chromatography 两向纸色谱法type-approval inspection 定型检查typhoon 台风typical odour 典型气味ultraviolet (solar) radiation (UVR) 紫外太阳辐射ultraviolet A radiation (UV A) 紫外线A波段; 长波紫外线ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) 紫外线B波段; 中波紫外线ultraviolet C radiation (UVC) 紫外线C波段; 短波紫外线ultraviolet range 紫外线波长范围UN class .. 联合国危险货物分类第..类unburnt solids 未燃固体uncertainty 不确定性; 不可靠性; 不精确度uncompacted tip 不压实的垃圾场unconfined groundwater 自由地下水; 无压地下水unconfined water 自由地下水; 无压地下水uncontrolled clearance 无节制地采伐森林; 无节制地清除uncontrolled dump 没有管理的垃圾场uncontrolled emissions 无节制地排放uncontrolled tipping 无节制地倾弃uncontrolled vehic le 未装废气净化装置的车辆under nitrogen blanket 在氮气层之下undercurrent 潜流; 底流underflow 地下水流; 冰下水流underflow 潜流; 底流underground flow 地下水流; 渗流underprediction 预测偏低understocked 立木度不足的uneven-aged forest 异龄林uniform flow 均匀流; 等速流uniform hazard 均匀危险因素; 均匀风险unintentional poisoning 事故性中毒unit discharge 流量模数; 单宽流量unit of ozone 臭氧单位United Nations Conference on Environment and Development 联合国环境与发展会议(环发会议)United Nations serial number 联合国产品编号United Nations Water Conference 联合国水事会议United States Environment Protection Agency 美国环境保护局; 环保局unlawful dumping 非法倾弃unleaded 无铅的; 未加铅的unlined landfill 非密封性垃圾填埋unmanaged ecosystem 没管理的生态系统unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) 未增塑聚氯乙烯unplasticized PVC 未增塑聚氯乙烯unreactive hydrocarbons 惰性烃; 惰性碳氢化合物unsafe water 不卫生的水unsatisfactory landfill 不合格的垃圾掩埋场unsaturated air 不饱和空气unsaturated derivative 不饱和衍生物unsaturated zone 不饱和带; 非饱水带; 包气带unstable atmosphere 不稳定大气unsteady flow 不稳定流; 非恒定流unsteady wind 不稳定风; 不稳定气流unstocked 无立木的upkeep 保持良好状态; 保养; 维持upper air 高层空气; 高空upper atmosphere 高层大气Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite 高层大气研究卫星upper layer of the oceans 海洋上层upper mid-latitude 北半球中纬度upper ocean 海洋上层upper stratosphere 平流层上部upper troposphere 对流层上部upper wind 高空风; 高空气流upper-air (sounding) station 高空探测站upper-air data 高层大气资料upper-air network 高层大气监测网upper-air wind 高空风; 高空气流uppermost levels of the atmosphere 大气的最高层; 大气的最上层up-slope wind 上坡风uptake 摄取; 吸收uPVC 未增塑聚氯乙烯upward (total) radiation 向上全辐射upward flow chromatography 上向流色谱法upward ozone transfer 臭氧的向上输送; 臭氧的上升输送upwelling 涌升upwind wind source of pollution 逆风污染物urban (ambient) air quality 城市环境空气质量urban climatology 城市气候学urban motor vehicle traffic 城市汽车交通; 城市机动车辆交通urban runoff 城市径流urbane solid waste 城市固体废物urea formaldehyde resin 脲醛树脂user charges 使用费user requirements 使用者需要usual name 常名; 俗名utilities 公用事业utilities cost 公用事业费用; 公用事业开支utility boiler 电站锅炉UVR 紫外太阳辐射vacuum distillation 真空蒸馏vacuum insulation 真空绝缘vacuum suction-drainer vehicle 真空吸水排水车vacuum sweeper 真空吸尘扫街车vagaries of climate 变化无常的气候; 多变的气候value 值vapour degreasing 蒸气清除油脂法; 蒸气脱脂法vapour pressure 水汽压力; 蒸气压力vapour recovery unit (VRU) 蒸气回收装置vapour release rate 蒸气释放速率variable wind 不定风variation of water level 水位变化varied flow 变速流; 非均匀流vascular plant species 维管束植物VC(M) 单体氯乙烯vector breeding site 传病媒介繁殖地vector control 传病媒介控制vector-borne disease 媒传疾病; 媒介传播疾病vegetal invaison of waters 水草在水体中大量繁殖vegetation belt 植被带vegetation cover 植被vegetation monitoring 植被监测vegetative cover 植被vegetative season 植物的生长季节vehicle manufacturer 车辆制造商; 车辆制造厂vehicle size 车辆大小vent (hole) 通风孔; 排气孔; 通气空vent air filter system 通风空气过滤系统ventillated gas 通风气体venting 通风; 透气; 排气; 风干verdant zone 无霜带versus (vs.) 对; 对于; 相对于vertical circle 地平经圈; 垂直圈仪vertical column 大气气柱vertical distribution of ozone 臭氧的铅直分布vertical gradient of pollutant 污染物的铅直梯度vertical profile of ozone 臭氧铅直分布图vertical structure of atmosphere 大气的铅直结构vertical temperature gradient 温度铅直梯度vertical transfer 铅直输送vertical transport coefficient 铅直输送系数verticql temperature profile radiometer 温度铅直廓线辐射仪very high resolution radiometer (VHRR) 甚高分辨辐射仪very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) 甚长基线干涉测量Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer 保护臭氧层维也纳公约Vienna Convention on Fluorochlorohydrocarbons 关于含氯氟烃的维也纳公约Vienna Group 维也纳小组Villach Conference 关于气候变化和致温室效应气体问题的菲拉赫会议vinyl chloride (monomer) (VC(M)) 单体氯乙烯vinyl ether 乙烯醚; 二乙烯基醚vinyl trichloride (CHCl2CH2Cl) 1,1,2-三氯乙烷violator 违犯者virtual point source 虚拟点污染源; 理论点源visbreaking 减低粘度; 减粘裂化; 减粘轻度裂化visible 可看见的; 能见的; 显而易见的; 宏观的visible and infrared spin-scan radiometer (VISSR) 可见光和红外自旋扫描辐射仪visible radiation 可见光辐射VOC control technology 挥发性有机化合物控制技术VOC emission inventory 挥发性有机化合物排放物清单volatile 挥发性的; 易挥发的volatile organic compound 挥发性有机化合物volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 挥发性有机化合物volcanic ash cloud 火山灰云volume of pollutants 大量污染物volume of surface runoff 地面径流总量V oluntary Assistance Programme (V AP) 自愿援助计划voluntary observing ship (VOS) 自愿观测船vortex 涡旋vortex breakdown 涡旋崩解vulnerability analysis 弱点分析vulnerable to pollution 易受污染损害的译海拾贝资源共享首页| 免费发布工作| 寻找翻译| 寻找工作| 互助在线翻译| 我的资料| 翻译工具| 译海拾贝| 在线词典| 消息中心| 翻译论坛| 网站帮助|译心译意>> 译海拾贝>> 英语>> 矿产.资源.能源.环境环境词汇(R-S)作者:minjieabc 来源:翻译中国发布时间:2006-10-13 类型:转载点击数:25radiance 辐射率radiation accident 放射性事故radiation balance 辐射平衡; 辐射差额radiation climate 辐射气候radiation damage 辐射线损伤radiation data 辐射数据; 辐射资料radiation level 辐射水平; 辐射强度radiation medicine 放射医学; 辐射医学radiation standards 辐射标准radiation station 辐射观测站radiative code 辐射数据编码radiative effect 辐射效应radiative properties (of gases) 气体的辐射特性radiative transfer 辐射传输radiative transfer code 辐射传输规律radiatively active gas 影响辐射效应气体; 对辐射产生效应的气体radiatively important gas (RIG) 对辐射产生重要效应的气体radical 基; 根; 原子团; 游离基; 自由基radicular system absorption 根系吸收radioactive half-life 放射性半衰期radiobiology 放射生物学; 辐射生物学radioecology 辐射生态学; 放射生态学radionuclides 放射性核素radiosonde 无线电探空仪radiosonde observation (raob) 探空观测radiosounding 无线电探空radiowind 无线电测风radon 氡rain forest 雨林rain free period 无雨期; 干季rain recorder 雨量记录器rain sampler 雨水取样器; 降水收集器rain(-)fed agriculture 靠雨水浇灌的农业; 雨浇农业rain(-)fed farming 靠雨水浇灌的农业; 雨浇农业rain(-)gauge data 雨量计资料rain(-)out 云中的尘埃被形成云的水滴清除rain(-)out wash(-)out 雨水冲洗; 大气中的尘埃被雨水清除rainfall 雨量; 降雨rainfall amount 雨量rainfall regime 雨量型rainfall season 雨季raingauge 雨量器; 雨量计rain-producing system 致雨系统ram jet 冲压式喷气发动机range finding 测距rangeland 牧场; 牧地; 靶场raob 探空观测rapidly developing disasters 急剧恶化的灾害; 急剧恶化的事故rare earth metals 稀土金属rare taxa 稀有分类群rate 率; 速率; 速度rate of (ozone layer) depletion 臭氧层的消耗速率rate of climate change 气候变化率; 气候变化速度rate of deposition 沈积速率rate of discharge 排放速率; 倾卸速度rate of emission 排放速率rating 校准; 定标rationalization of hunting crops 狩猎的合理化ravine erosion 峡谷侵蚀raw radiance 原始辐射率raw refuse 未经任何处理的垃圾; 原始垃圾raw sewage 原污水; 未经任何处理的污水rawin 无线电测风仪RBC 生物转盘reactant 反应物; 反应剂reaction time 反应时间reactive gas 活性气体reactive hydrocarbon (RHC) 活性烃reactivity 反应性; 反应作用; 反应速度reading 读数re-affoestation 重新造林; 再造林reagent 反应物; 试剂reallocation (of halons) 哈龙的转产reawaking (of a volcano) 火山的复活recapture of CFCs 含氯氟烃的回收receiving area 承受面积receiving waters 承受水体; 承受水域receptor area 受体面积; 接受面积recession 退水; 消退recession discharge 消退排放量; 枯竭排放量recgarge area 地下水补给区recirculation (of gas) 气体的回流; 再循环; 重复循环reclaim 土地的开垦; 改良; 回收reclaimable waste 可再利用废物; 可回收废物reclaimed quarry 可回收碎石; 可再使用碎石reclamation 回收; 开垦; 改良; 驯化recommended exposure limit 建议的曝露极限; 建议的曝露限值record flood 创记录的洪水record of discharge 排放记录recording gas analyser 自计气体分析器recording rain gauge 自计雨量器; 自计雨量计recovery (of the ozone hole) 臭氧层空洞的复原recovery of CFCs 含氯氟烃的回收recovery of service station vapour 加油站蒸气的回收recovery period 复原期间recovery phase 复原阶段; 复原期间recovery plant 资源回收厂; 回收车间recruits 幼鱼recycling of CFCs 含氯氟烃的重复使用red mud 红泥red tide 红潮; 赤潮redesign 重新设计redevelopment of landfill sites 垃圾填埋地的重新整修redox potential 氧化还原电势; 氧化还原电位势reduced nitrogen species 被还原氮化物reduced sulphur species 被还原硫化物reducer Rreducing agent 还原剂reductant 还原剂reduction at source 在源头减少污染reduction schedule (for halon) 减少使用哈龙的时间表reductor 稀释剂; 冲淡剂re-engineering 再设计; 改建reference climatological station 基准气候站refillable container 可再装容器refining 净化; 精炼; 使成熟reflectorized marker 反射器标志reflectve placard 反光性标志牌reforestation 重新造林; 迹地更新refractories 耐火材料refrigerant 制冷剂refrigerant 500 500制冷剂refrigerant 502 502制冷剂refrigerant 503 503制冷剂refrigerant 504 504制冷剂refrigerant fluid 制冷液refrigerating medium 冷却介质refrigeration capacity 制冷能力refuse cart 手推垃圾车refuse chute 垃圾坑refuse collection 垃圾收集refuse collector 垃圾收集车; 垃圾收集器refuse production peak 产生垃圾高潮季节refuse receptacle 垃圾箱; 垃圾容器refuse reclamation 垃圾回收; 废物再利用refuse treatment 垃圾处理refuse truck 垃圾汽车refuse-derived 由垃圾产生的regeneration 再生; 恢复; 复兴regenerative capacity 再生能力regenerative heat exchanger 再生式热交换器regional basic synoptic network 区域基本天气观测站网Regional Centre for Seismology for South America 南美地震学区域中心Regional Meteorological Centre (RMC) 区域气象中心regional natural park 区域自然公园Regional Telecommunications Hub (RTH) 区域电信枢纽Register 登记中心registered 已登记的; 已注册的; 已立案的registration 登记; 注册; 立案regular gas 普通汽油regulated flow 调节流量; 调节径流regulatory action(s) 管制行动; 管制的行为; 管理的行为regulatory control(s) 规章; 条例; 制度rehabilitation (of victims of a disaster) 灾害受害者的复原rehabilitation of housing 住宅的翻新rehabilitation of the environment 恢复环境rehabilitative measures 善后措施reinforced thermoplastic sheet (RTS) 增强热塑性片材release (of a pollutant) 排出污染物; 放出污染物release agent 脱模剂; 隔离剂release of heat 放热; 释放热量release rate of CFCs 放出含氯氟烃的速率relief manager 救灾工作管理人; 救灾工作负责人relief worker 救灾工作人员remedial action 补救行动remobilization of a chemical 化学品的再流动remote sensing 遥感remote sensor 遥感传感器removable lid 活动盖子removal 去除; 清除removal efficiency 去除系数removal efficiency 去除效率removal of demolition waste 清理废墟removal of peat 移走泥炭removal of pollutants 消除污染物; 去除污染物removal process 消除过程; 消除步骤removal rate 消除速率repair the ozone hole 修复臭氧层空洞repeating pattern 重复型式; 周期性的型式replacement chemical 代替化学品; 代用化学品repopulation 再放养; 再引种; 种群恢复reporting format 报告格式reporting framework 报告格式reporting of an incident 事故的报告reporting of data 资料的报告reproductive failure 生殖失败; 繁殖失败reproductive potential 生殖潜能; 繁殖潜能reproductive success 生殖成功; 繁殖成功repugnant substance 恶臭物质research ship 调查船; 考察船; 研究船reserved forest 保留林reservoir 水库; 吸收库; 储层; 蓄水池reservoir of chlorine 氯的吸收库reservoir species 吸收库中的各种物质residence half-time 停留半衰期; 半存留期residence time 停留时间; 阻滞时间residence time 停留时间residual 残留物; 残积物residual fuel oil 残余燃料油residual soil 残积土resilience under stress 应力之下的回弹力resistant to pollution 耐污染的; 抗污染的resolution 分辨率resource base 资源基础resource recovery 资源回收resource recovery plant 资源回收厂; 回收车间respirable suspended particulates (RSPs) 可因呼吸进入人体的悬浮微粒respirable-sized particulates 颗粒大小可因呼吸进入人体的微粒response 回应; 反应; 响应response plan 应急计划; 反应计划response strategies 回应战略response time (of a measuring instrument) 测量仪器的响应时间restocking 再放养; 再引种; 种群恢复restoration of soils 土壤的恢复restored taxa 复原分类群restrictions on sulphur dioxide emissions 二氧化硫排放的限制retained dose 保留剂量; 持留剂量retarded spark timing 延迟点火正时retention 持水; 滞留水量retention efficiency 去除效率。
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摘要
车厢发出的噪音是影响乘客乘车品质的一个重要因素。
在各种不同的车厢噪音问题中,经结构传送的类似轰隆声的噪音会严重影响到车厢内部的声音。
本文将集中研究一台全地形牵引车厢内的噪音问题。
牵引车车厢内部是典型的轻量结构,当发动机振动时,就会发出很强的噪音。
由于车厢内部结构的复杂性,仅仅对车厢内经结构传送的噪音,尤其是低频率的噪音进行理论性的分析是不可行的。
因此,本文采用了一种数值分析法——有限元法对车厢噪音进行分析。
本文采用有限元法来预估车厢内部的噪音。
同时,也会对声音的共振腔以及共振频率进行评估和鉴别。
在以调查研究经结构传送的噪音的基础上,本文研究发现,一个结构声的有限元模型能够计算出车厢内部与外部空气流动的相互作用。
在相应的外部刺激下,可以获得车厢内部的噪音声级,并且能鉴别出在这个声级范围内达到噪声峰值时的频率。
本文也量化了声吸收、结构衰减、附加质量和结构加固对车厢内声波响应的影响。
同时还会讨论到控制车厢内部噪声的措施。
Chapter 1
1.1
长期以来,降低车厢内部的噪音声级都是一项富有难度的任务。
减小噪音的动机来源于一百多年前从汽车问世开始人们对舒适的车
内乘坐环境的需求。
而今天不仅是社会法律法规对限制机动车辆噪音有明确的要求,同时激烈的市场竞争更迫使设计者们将车厢内的声音环境设计得更加舒适。
降低噪音同时体现在经结构传送和经空气传送的声音,尤其是低频率的声音。
减小噪音的复杂性缘于要同时考虑到很多与噪声音的因素,比如外部振动的刺激、声源以及振动结构的响应等。
由于对振动的刺激更加敏感,轻量级的机动车辆往往会出现车厢内部的噪音问题。
控制车厢噪音的技术可以归为两类:主动性噪音控制和被动性噪音控制。
主动性噪音控制利用声源产生第二声场——波长关系来干扰最初不需要的声场。
然而这种控制方法只能在低频率的声场产生明显作用。
对声场特性定位观测的复杂性是限制主动性噪音控制可行的最主要因素,也是该方法一个多世纪以来并未被广泛运用的原因。
被动性噪音控制则是主要的控制车厢内部噪音的方法。
与主动性噪音控制法不同的是,它并没有集中于声场的某个目标位置,而是重点限制声源的发散和传播,从而使传到接收者耳中的声能得到控制。
在超过1000赫兹的高频率范围内,被动性噪音控制法体现出了很大的优势,它的运用建立在吸音材料的厚度和波长之间的关系基础上。
一般来说,如果吸音材料层比四分之一波长厚就能有效的降低噪声。
低频率范围内的声音波长通常有几米或更长。
由于车厢容积的局限性,在车厢中使用很厚的吸音材料控制低频率噪音是不可行的。
因此,工程师和设计者们将重点转向减小车身的振动,从而对车厢内部低频率噪声产生了很大的作用。
总体来讲,车厢内部低频率的噪音,也就是经结
构传送的噪音是因为受到了车身振动的刺激。
而结合不同车身结构的动态特性予以相应的调整就能更有效的实现对车厢内部低频率噪音的控制。
经结构传送的噪音是指实体结构振动而产生的噪声,比如车厢的金属壳层和悬架等。
这样的振动会导致空气流动介质中压力的变化从而发出噪音。
这类噪声的衰减需要一个阻尼弹性系统在振动源和接收者之间产生干扰。
另一方面,经空气传送的噪音产生于空气容积的变化和媒介空气压力的波动。
这类噪音基本靠空气传送并且能通过在声源和声音接收者之间设置障碍得以减弱。
以上两种车厢噪音通常都会同时存在,二者可以通过不同的频率特征来区分。
引擎、汽车传送的振动和道路不平导致的车身振动都会产生经结构传送的噪音。
发动机汽缸的燃烧,流动的风与运转的车身之间碰撞,以及车轮与路面的摩擦是产生经空气传送的噪音的主要因素。
这类噪音通常是中高频率范围的典型。
而经结构传送的噪音主要被列入低频率的范围。
因此,被动性噪音控制可以采用吸音材料来降低经空气传送的噪声,而经结构传送的噪音的减弱还需要结构的优化。
1.2
当机动力传动系部件主要结构的激发点级别达到了250赫兹的频率,通常低于250赫兹是车辆主要的经结构传送的噪声的频率。
事实上研究人员已通过实验证实机动车辆中经结构传送的噪声频率通常
低于250赫兹,而经空气传送的噪音则高于400赫兹。
因路面状况引起的振动通常会产生低于25赫兹的经结构传送的噪音。
总的来说,除了崎岖不平的路面以外,通常因汽车发动机振动产生的噪音频率都高于与路面摩擦产生的噪音。
车厢内部经结构传送的噪音主要是由不同的发动机和声引起的车身共振而产生的。
修改和调整结构可以降低声音响应的程度。
一个振动系统中振幅的响应取决于外在的刺激以及系统的动态特性。
车厢主体是一个复杂的振动系统,同时作为发出所有声能来源,它也是噪音控制最重要的部分。
因此车辆的设计对于车厢内部噪音的控制起着至关重要的作用。
车身结构模式的改变能够降低噪音的声级。
而降低的多少取决于车身的结构特性(质量、硬度和阻尼)以及噪音的光谱特征。
然而目前还无法设想出任何简单的实践性技术,还需要更具体的分析来决定是否会运用一项或几项措施来降低特定的车厢内部经结构传送的噪音。
1.3
该论文的目的包括评估全地形牵引车车厢的噪音并研究降低噪音的有效措施。
每个噪声室都有自己独特的结构与动态特性,这就是为什么没有一个简单的普适的声学设计的原因。
由于车厢结构的复杂性,单纯的理论分析是行不通的,这就需要引入数字化的实验分析,结构声学是驾驶室降噪的必修课程,解释结构和流体这两个不同的工程领域之间的相互关系是我们所要面临的一大挑战,FE技术已被证
实在研究这两个发面是比较有效的方法,在这种理论中,一个世界领先的FE技术软件ANSYS软件(一种商业软件,由ANSYS等人合作设计于1970年)是一个强有力的实现从多方面分析的程序软件。
这种方法包括三个步骤,首先:建立一个只含空气流体元素的三维模型,用于分析驾驶室内的空气的共振频率情况,这能帮助确定空腔里的空气共振在目标频率范围内是否会增大车内噪音。
第二:在激发的谐波下分析结构声学模型,用于考虑驾驶室结构和内部空气流体之间的关系。
第三:发掘潜在内部结构负载噪声的降噪措施。
Chapter 2
2.1
这个章节主要归纳前人在以下几个基本方面的所做的研究贡献;第一:结构声学的理论发展。
第二:两种主要用于解决结构声学的技术;有限元模型法(FEM),边界元模型法(BEM)。
第三:对当地材料性能的研究工作;比如,材料的刚度,强度,及材料的阻尼性能等都影响结构声学的具体表现。
2.2
结构声学的理论发展
声构学是研究流构学之间相互联系的一个分支课题,流体与结构之间的内在联系是气动力弹性学领域内被最感兴趣的主要研究方向,气动力弹性学的定义如下:没有飞行器的结构是完全精确的,所以当其遭受航空阻力的时候,会发生小量的变形,这种影响是非常重要的,因为任何小的形状变形在高速的情况下都会导致航空阻力的变化,从
而导致更大的偏差和更大的负载变化,这种恶性的循环,会很快的演变出一些航空现象,比如,摇晃与机翼折断,[.2005]。
这种航空现象在飞船上的影响远比在高速旅行飞机的上的影响重要的多,然而,研究者发现潜在的流体与结构之间的影响,能够运用到宇宙飞船的声学设计上。
很多的科学家与研究员都致力于结构声学现象。
基于传统的机械与振动理论,结构负荷噪声可以描述为一系列局部不等方程式。
比如,像一些的弯曲,在一些简单的悬臂梁和金属板上,这种分析方法可以实现功效,[Moster, 2004],从1960年以来,花了很大的力气去把气动力学运用在航天飞船的声学设计上。
在1963年Dowell和Voss两人断定,空腔是影响航天飞船稳定性的潜在因素,同年Lyon发表了用封闭空间降噪的文章,[Nfska et al.1982].这迅速的引起了其他的研究。
Guy和Bhattarcharya[1973]研究影响的一个灵活的有限有限腔支持小组发射声音通过小组。
随后,Dowell et al[197]在内部噪声领域发展了一种综合的理论模型,这创造了柔性运动所产生的外部声场。