新英达自考英语本科试题2011年4月英语词汇学试题
辽宁2011年4月自考英语词汇学试卷结构调整范文.doc
辽宁2011年4月自考英语词汇学试卷结构
调整通知
【自考资讯】
各省、自治区、直辖市高等教育自学考试办公室、解放军自学考试办公室：
为进一步实现全国统考课程《英语词汇学》（课程代码：00832）的考核目标，结合近年来各地对该门课程考试情况的反馈意见，经研究决定，自2011年4月考试起，对《英语词汇学》课程试卷结构进行部分调整。
调整后的试卷结构如下：
《英语词汇学》（课程代码：00832）试卷结构
大题序号
题型
题量
每小题分值
大题总分值
一单项选择题30 1 30 二填空题10 1.5 15 三名词解释5 3 15 四简答题4 5 20 五论述题2 10 20 合计51 100
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2011年4月自学词汇学真题及答案
2011年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题课程代码:00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. The development of English vocabulary can be divided into the following particular historical period EXCEPT ______. ( C )2.2-25A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. New EnglishD. Modern English2. The definition of a word comprises the following points ______ . ( D )1.1-7(1) a minimal free form of a language(2) a sound unity(3) a unit of meaning(4) a form that can function alone in a sentenceA. (1) and (2)B. (1) (2) and (3)C. (2) (3) and (4)D. (1) (2) (3) and (4)3. Words of the basic word stock can each be used alone, and at the same time can form new words with other roots and affixes, e.g. foot is the father of football, footage and footprint. This demonstrates that one ofthe characteristics of the words of the basic stock is ______ .( A )1.5.1-12A. productivityB. polysemyC. stabilityD. collocability4. The Indo-European language family is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and ______ . ( A )2.1-23A. IndiaB. the Far EastC. the West AsiaD. America5. In the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learning ancient Greek and ______ classics. This is known in history as the Renaissance. ( C )2.2.3-28A. IndiaB. GermanC. RomanD. Chinese6. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( B )2.2-33-34A. Old English was a highly inflected language.B. In early Middle English period, English, Latin and Celtic existed side by side.C. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of modern English period.D. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present-day English is creation of new words by means of word-formation.7. The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is______.( A )3.1-38A. morphemeB. affixesC. rootD. stem8. There is/are ______ monomorphemic word(s) in the following words: hot, dog, feet, matches.( B )3.2-38A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 49. The plural morpheme "-s" is pronounced as/s/in the following words EXCEPT ______.( B )3.2-38A. packsB. bagsC. cheatsD. ships10. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English vocabulary are produced through ______ .( A )4-45A. affixationB. clippingC. compoundingD. shortening11. The formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class is called ______. ( D )4.3-56A. prefixationB. suffixationC. acronymyD. conversion12. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is called ______. ( A )4.7-67A. back-formationB. clippingC. blendingD. suffixation13. ______ accounts for the connection between the linguistic symboland its meaning. ( B )5.2-83A. SenseB. MotivationC. ConceptD. Reference14. By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular word is related to its origin.( D )5.2.4-85A. onomatopoeicB. morphologicalC. semanticD. etymological15. In English there are ______ types of motivation that concerns the relationship between the sign and meaning. ( C )5.2-83A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 516. What is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages?( D )6.1-95A. Suffixation.B. Variation.C. Allomorph.D. Polysemy.17. Red, scarlet, mauve, violet, lavender, pansy, black, purple, etc, make up the ______ field of ‘colours’. ( B )6.6-120A. stylisticB. semanticC. ellipticD. syntactic18. What is applicable to contradictory terms of some antonyms may NOT be applicable to their ______ terms? ( C )6.4.1-114A. connotativeB. collocativeC. relativeD. negative19. When a common word is turned into a proper noun, the meaning is______ accordingly.( B )7.1.2-137-138A. relatedB. narrowedC. createdD. suggested20. Which of the following words was used during the American Civil War to refer to those northerners who were secretly aiding the South? ( D )7.2.1-143A. Rattlesnake.B. Villain.C. Informer.D. Copperhead.21. People change word-meaning owing to various ______ motives: love, respect, courtesy, suspicion, pessimism, sarcasm, irony, contempt, hatred, etc. ( A ) 7.2.1-143A. psychologicalB. socialC. communicativeD. lexical22. In a narrow sense, context refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears and is known as ______ context. ( B )8.1-149A. non-linguisticB. linguisticC. grammaticalD. lexical23. Which of the following is one of the main functions of verbal context? ( D ) 8.2-154A. Elimination of ambiguity.B. Indication for referents.C. Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.D. All the above.24. Which of the following is NOT true about extra-linguistic context? ( A )8.1-149A. It can be subdivided into grammatical context and non-linguistic context.B. It refers to physical situation or environment relating to the use of words.C. It embraces the people, time and place.D. It may extend to embrace the entire cultural background.25. The idiom "fall into good hands" is a ______ as far as figures of speech are concerned.( A )9.3.2-175A. synecdocheB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification26. "Flesh and blood" is an idiom ______ in nature. ( B )9.2.1-166A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial27. The change of idiom "velvet paws" from the original form is______.( D )9.3.3-177A. replacementB. position-shiftingC. additionD. shortening28. American dictionaries generally use ______ to mark the pronunciation. ( D )10.2.2-192A. British Phonetic AlphabetB. American Phonetic AlphabetC. International Phonetic AlphabetD. Webster's Phonetic Alphabet29. Which of the following dictionaries is NOT a specialized dictionary? ( B )10.1.4-188A. The Oxford Dictionary of English EtymologyB. Chamber's Encyclopaedic English DictionaryC. Longman Dictionary of Phrasal VerbsD. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms30. Usage notes of the dictionary explain ______. ( D )10.2.2-193A. the slight difference between words of similar meaningsB. difficult points of grammar and styleC. important British and American differencesD. all the aboveII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (15 % )31. The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over one __million_______ words.1.4-1032. At the end of 6th century, Latin-speaking missionaries under St. Augustine came to spread Christianity in Britain. It brought many new ideas and customs and also many __religious_______ terms such as abbot, candle, altar, etc.2.2.1-2533. The forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function are __affixes_______.3.3.2-4034. The process of changing the word "possible" into "impossible" is called ___prefixation______.4.1-4635. The synonymous pair "die —pass away" has the same __concept_______ but different stylistic values.5.1.2-8336. Semantically, all __words_______ are related in one way or another.6-9537. Fortuitous formerly denoted 'happening by chance', 'accidental' and later took on the meaning 'fortunate' probably by __analogy_______ because the two words look similar.7.2.2-14538. The sentence "He is a hard businessman" is ambiguous due to___polysemy______.8.2.1-15539. The characteristic of idioms —__semantic_______ unity can be reflected by the understanding of such idiom as "rain cats and dogs".9.1.1-16340. Definition, extra column and usage __examples_______ are the unique features of Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary(1987).10.3.2-199III. Define the following terms. (15%)41. jargon 1.5.1-13答案：Jargon refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves.42. derivational affix 3.3.2-41答案：Derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. Derivational affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes.43. grammatical meaning5.3.1-86答案：Grammatical meanings refers to that part of the meaning of the word which indicates grammatical concept or relationships such as part of speech of words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs), singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional forms (forget, forgets, forgot, forgotten, forgetting ).44. associated transfer 7.1.4-140答案：A term used in relation to changes in word in which the meaning is transferred through association.45. variations of idioms 9.3.3-176答案：When idioms are used in actual context, they do experience grammatical changes such as different forms of verbs, agreement of personal pronouns and number and so on. Occasionally, we may find changes in constituents of idioms: addition, deletion, replacement,position-shifting, dismembering, etc.IV. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )46. leorn→ian→lern→en→learnAbove is the change of "learn" from Old English through Middle English to Modern English.What can you conclude from the viewpoint of the development of English vocabulary?2.2.3-29答案：In modern English, word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions. It can be concluded that English has evolved from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present analytic language.47. Both initialisms and acronyms are formed to a certain extent from initial letters. Is there any difference between them? Illustrate your point with examples.4.6-65答案：Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms. Words formed in this way are called initialisms or acronyms,depending on the pronunciation of the words. Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter. Such as OA,BBC,TV. British Broadcasting Corporation, Acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word, for example AIDS(acquired immune deficiency syndrome), TERL(teaching English as a foreign language),N-bomb(nuclear bomb), G-man(Government man).48. What is the appropriate antonym for acute in the following statement?6.4.2-114She got an acute pain in her back.答案：The appropriate antonym for acute in “She got an acute pain in her back” is dull.49. What are contextual clues?Guess the meaning of the word underlined in the following sentence and tell what contextual clues have helped you in arriving at the meaning.8.2.3-157(a) Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor B irdwhistell.(b) It's just one more incredible result of the development of microprocessors — those tiny parts of a computer commonly known as "silicon chips".答案：Context may prove extremely valuable in guessing the meanings of new words. In many cases, when a new word (thought to be) appears for the first time, the author generally manages to give hints which might help the readers to grasp the concept or understand the idea.(a) Definition . the study of body movement(b) Explanation . the tiny parts of a computer commonly known as “silicon chips”V. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )50. Comment on the following groups to illustrate the difference between partial and full conversion.Group 1: "white — a white, final — finals"Group 2: "rich — the rich, wounded — the wounded" 4.3-58答案：It is not unusual to have nouns converted from adjectives. Unlike verbs, not all adjectives which are converted can achieve a full noun status. Some are completely converted，thus known as full conversion, others are only partially converted, hence partial conversion.Group 1: A noun fully converted from an adjective has all the characteristics of nouns. It can take an indefinite article or -(e) sto indicate singular or plural number. "white —a white, final —finals" arecommon adjectives.Group 2: Nouns partially converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does. They must be used together with definite articles. What's more, they retain some of the adjective features, for example, the poor, the rich , the youngs the -wounded, the poorer, the more affluent , the most corrupt . the young = young people, the wounded = wounded soldiers.51. Analyze and comment on the meanings of the following sentences and then find out the right antonyms for each fast respectively.[A] My god, look, this clock is one hour fast, as if we were at Tokyo.[B] The colors aren't fast, so be careful when you wash this shirt.[C] The delegation paid a fast visit to the United Kingdom last month.6.4.2-114答案：A word which has more than one meaning can have more than one antonym.Sentence [A] means the clock is one hour ahead of the local time, and the right antonym of fast is slow.Sentence [B] means the colors are resistant to destruction of fading, and the right antonym of ward fast is loose.Sentence [C] means the visit was accomplished in relatively little time, and the right antonym of fast is long.。
历年全国自考英语词汇学试题及参考答案
历年全国自考英语词汇学试题及参考答案历年全国自考英语词汇学试题及参考答案4月全国自学考试--英语词汇学试卷及答案第一部分选择题Ⅰ.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.（）A. moreB. littleC. lessD. gradual2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.（）A. general dictionariesB. monolingual dictionariesC. both A and BD. neither A and B3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.（）A. morphologically motivatedB. etymologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. none of the above4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.（）A. borrowingB. semantic changeC. creation of new wordsD. all the above5.Beneralization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.（）A. generalizedB. expandedC. elevatedD. degraded6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.（）A. alternative morphsB. single morphsC. abstract unitsD. discrete units7.Old English vocabulary was essentially_______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.（）A. ItalicB. GermanicC. CelticD. Hellenic/doc/92c7bcbe1611cc7931b765ce0508763 2301274c9.html pounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.（）A. semanticsB. grammarC. phoneticsD. lexicology9.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _______.（）A. repetitionB. alliterationC. rhymeD. none of the above10.Which of the following words is a functional word?（）A. OftenB. NeverC. AlthoughD. Desk11.Rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _______.（）A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. idiomatic variationD. figure of speech12.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _______.（）A. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyB. understand idioms correctlyC. remember idioms quicklyD. try a new method of classification13.Borrowing as a source of homonymy in English can be illustrated by _______.（）A. long（not short）B. ball（a dancing party）C. rock（rock'n'roll）D. ad（advertisement）14.The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT _______.（）A. the influx of borrowingB. repetitionC. analogyD. shortening15.Which of the following is NOT a component of linguistic context?（）A. Words and phrases.B. SentencesC. Text or passageD. Time and place第二部分非选择题Ⅱ.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ___________________.17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called _________________./doc/92c7bcbe1611cc7931b765ce0508763 2301274c9.html ELD is a ________________ dictionary.19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river",the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated.20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________________ context. Ⅲ.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to1)types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.（10%）A B21.Scandinavian（）/doc/92c7bcbe1611cc7931b765ce0508763230 1274c9.html l（place where things are made）22.Germanic（）B.grammatical23.extension（）C.double meaning24.narrowing（）D.Swedish25.linguistic（）/doc/92c7bcbe1611cc7931b765ce0508763230 1274c9.html prehend/understand26.ambiguity（）F.Dutch27.participants（）G.degermined28.difference in denotation（）H.pigheaded29.appreciative（）I.non-linguistic30.pejorative（）J.iron（a device for smoothing clothes）Ⅳ.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2）types of word formation or prefixes.（10%）31.predict（）32.motel（）33.potatoes（）34.blueprint（）35.preliminaries（）36.Southward（）37.demilitarize（）38.hypersensityve（）39.retell（）40.multi-purposes（）Ⅴ.Define the following terms.（10%）41.acronymy42.native words43.elevation44.stylistic meaning45.monolingral dictionaryⅥ.Answer the following questions. Your answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（12%）46.How many types of motivation are there in English? Give ONE example for each type.47.What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points.48.What are the clues generally provided in verbal context?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18%）49.analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly 50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of using this form."Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time," he said.答案4月份高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学试题参考答案Ⅰ.(30%)1.A2.C3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.D9.B 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.DⅡ.(10%)16.transfer17.OLD English18.monolingual19.semantically20.extralinguistic/non-linguisticⅢ.(10%)21.D22.F23.A24.J25.B26.C27.I28.E29.G30.HⅣ.(10%)31.bound root32.（head+tail）blinding33.inflectional affix/morpheme34.a+n35.full conversion36.suffix37.reversativ38.prefix of degree39.prefix40.number prefixⅤ.(10%)41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5thcentury by the Germanic tribes.43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance. 44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.Ⅵ.(12%)46.There are four types of motivation:1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence with idiomatic expressions.48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure.Ⅶ.(18%)49.1）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection （re+collect+ion）,nationalist （nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）. 2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words.50.1）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine（3分）2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking（1分）3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2分）4）the short form saves time, more colloquial（2分）5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1分）4月份全国高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题及答案英语（本科）专业第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket（30％）1. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ]A. lewd → ignorantB. silly → foolishC. last → pleasureD. knave → boy2. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ]A. humourB. sarcasmC. ridiculeD. all the above3. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ]A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradationB. extension, generalization, elevation and degradationC. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradationD. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation4. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ]A. synecdocheB. metonymyC. substitutionD. metaphor5. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ]A. adjectivesB. attributesC. modifiersD. words6. Grammatical context refers to _____ in whicha word is used. [ ]A. vocabularyB. grammarC. semantic patternD. syntactic structure7. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning.This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]A. additionB. replacementC. position-shiftingD. variation8. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ]A. onomatopoeically motivatedB. morphologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. etymologically motivated9. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ]A. clear grammar codesB. language notesC. usage notesD. extra columns10.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ]A. DormB. motelC. GentD. Zoo11.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words. [ ]A. 30,000 to 40,000B. 50,000 to 60,000C. 70,000 to 80,000D. 80,000 to 90,00012. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words. [ ]A. RootsB. StemsC. AffixesD. Compounds13. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period. [ ]A. Dutch originB. Danish originC. Latin originD. Greek origin14. A word is a symbol that _____ . [ ]A. is used by the same speech communityB. represents something else in the worldC. is both simple and complex in natureD.shows different ideas in different sounds15.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____. [ ]A. are complex words.B. are technical wordsC. refer to the commonest things in life.D. denote the most important concepts.第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book（10％）16. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.17. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.18. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.19. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.20. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types ofmeaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms （10％）A B21. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish22. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl23. pen ( ) C. morphologically motivated24. alliteration ( ) D. head of a state25. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/。
全国自考《英语词汇学》真题试题及答案素材
202X年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语词汇学真题课程代码：00832Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.〔30%〕1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.〔〕A．meaning B．soundC．combination of sounds D．group2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.〔〕A．more slowly than B．as quickly asC．more rapidly than D．not so quickly as3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.〔〕A．use frequency B．notionC．origin D．sound4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.〔〕A．green revolution B．fast foodC．moon walk D．space shuttle5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need.〔〕A．form B．meaningC．look D．pronunciation6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall〞means ______ in British English.〔〕A．four B．fellC．for D．autumn7．The plural morpheme “-s〞is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______.〔〕A．/t/ B．/g/C．/p/ D．/k/8．There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection.〔〕A．one B．twoC．three D．four9．The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.〔〕A．works B．prewarC．postwar D．bloody10．30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through ______.〔〕A．compounding B．affixationC．conversion D．shortening11．The word “motel〞is created by ______.〔〕A．compounding B．clippingC．blending D．suffixation12．“BBC〞is formed in the way of ______.〔〕A．acronymy B．clippingC．back-formation D．prefixation13．The types of meanings include the following EXCEPT ______.〔〕A．grammatical meaning B．conceptual meaningC．associative meaning D．literal meaning14．By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.〔〕A．onomatopoeic B．morphologicalC．semantic D．etymological15．______ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.〔〕A．Reference B．ConceptC．Sense D．Motivation16．Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of ______.〔〕A．word formation B．word meaningC．meaning change D．sense relations17．When a word is first coined, it is always ______.〔〕A．semantic B．onomatopoeicC．monosemic D．polysemic18．The following are all synonymous pairs, but in each the second is standard in usage whereas the first is archaic, EXCEPT ______.〔〕A．ire/anger B．rich/wealthyC．forlorn/distressed D．bliss/happiness19．Shakespeare is difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in different ______ from what they have now in dictionaries.〔〕A．senses B．formsC．dialects D．terms20．The mode of ______ is well reflected in the word “picture〞, which originally denoted mere “painting〞, but now has come to include “drawings〞and even “photographs〞〔〕A．extension B．elevationC．narrowing D．degradation21．In the sentence “The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman.〞, the word “respectable〞is used in the ______ sense of transfer.〔〕A．subjective B．objectiveC．sensational D．physical22．Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of context〔〕A．Elimination of ambiguity.B．Indication of referents.C．Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.D．Provision of culture background for inferring word-meaning.23．The sentence “I lost Betty’s picture.〞is ambiguous due to ______.〔〕A．grammatical context B．polysemyC．antonymy D．hyponymy24．In the sentence “An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou’Wester usually brings rain.〞, the meaning of “sou’wester〞can be inferred from the clue of ______.〔〕A．relevant details B．synonymyC．antonymy D．hyponymy25．The idiom “toss and turn〞is a(n) ______ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.〔〕A．alliteration B．metaphorC．metonymy D．rhyme26．Which of the following is NOT one of the types of idioms〔〕A．Sentence idioms. B．Idioms adverbial in nature.C．Clausal idioms. D．Idioms nominal in nature.27．The following are all variations of idioms, EXCEPT ______.〔〕A．replacement B．additionC．shortening D．repetition28．Generally speaking, a dictionary will cover the following content EXCEPT ______.〔〕A．spelling B．syntactical usageC．pronunciation D．definition29．As a general Chinese-English dictionary, ______ is the most complete and up-to-date, most elaborately treated one〔〕A．A Chinese-English Dictionary (1995)B．Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English with Chinese TranslationC．A New English-Chinese DictionaryD．Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese Translation30．Collins COBUILD English Usage (1992), is a(n) ______ dictionary.〔〕A．unabridged B．deskC．specialized D．encyclopedicⅡ．Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of transfer; 2) rhetorical features of idioms; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) the function of affixes. (10%)A B〔〕31．She burst into passionate sobbing. A．juxtaposition〔〕32．He drops off to sleep, the lamb. B．notional word〔〕33．and C．transfer of sensations〔〕34．the man’s coat D．abstract to concrete〔〕35．here and there E．derivational affix〔〕36．moon F．alliteration〔〕37．rough and ready G．functional word〔〕38．ex-prisoner H．inflectional affix〔〕39．fair and square I．associated transfer〔〕40．Helen looks a fright in that old black dress. J．rhymeⅢ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.〔10%〕41．When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ________ group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper.42．Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: ________, semantic change and borrowing.43．We might say that free morphemes are free ________.44．The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called ________. 45．Semantic ________ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word．46．Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully ________ with regard to spelling and pronunciation.47．V ocabulary is the most ________ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content.48．Ambiguity often arises due to ________ and homonymy.49．Idioms consist of set ________ and short sentences.50．Monolingual dictionaries are written in ________ language.Ⅳ．Define the following terms.〔10%〕51．morpheme52．homonym53．connotation54．elevation55．idiomⅤ．Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.〔20%〕56．As far as growth of present-day English vocabulary is concerned, what are the three main sources of new words57．What are the semantic features of compounds Give an example to illustrate your point. 58．Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics of antonyms. State your reason with one example.Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.59．How do you account for the context function as indication of referentsⅥ．Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.〔20%〕60．Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font.—“You’re not eating your fish,〞a waitress said to a customer. “Anything wrong with it〞—“Long time no sea.〞the customer replied.61．Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the linguistic factors, based on the given words below.〔1〕gold, bulb;〔2〕deer, beast, animals;〔3〕fortuitous, fruition.。
自考英语词汇学重点及大题4
自考英语词汇学00832重点及大题目录Chapter 1 (1)课文重点 (1)名词解释 (4)简答题 (4)Chapter 2 (5)课文重点 (5)名词解释 (6)简答题 (7)分析题 (7)Chapter 3 (7)课文重点 (7)名词解释 (8)简答题 (9)分析题 (9)Chapter 4 (9)课文重点 (9)名词解释 (12)简答题 (12)分析题 (13)Chapter 5 (13)课文重点 (13)名称解释 (15)简答题 (15)分析题 (16)Chapter 6 (16)课文重点 (16)名词解释 (19)简答题 (20)分析题 (21)Chapter 7 (22)课文重点 (22)名词解释 (23)简答题 (23)分析题 (23)Chapter 8 (24)课文重点 (24)名词解释 (24)简答题 (25)分析题 (25)Chapter 9 (26)课文重点 (26)名词解释 (28)简答题 (28)分析题................................................................................... 29Chapter 10 .. (29)课文重点 (29)名词解释 (30)简答题 (30)部分试卷中的大题 (31)2016-10 (31)2009-04 (32)Chapter 1课文重点1 - The definition of a word comprises the following points: (1) a minimal free form of a language; (2) a sound unity; (3) a unit of meaning; (4) a form that can function alone in a sentence.A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.1 词定义包括以下几点：（1 ）一门语言中最小的自由形式;（2 ）一个声音的统一体（3 ）一个意义单位;（4 ）在一个句子中独立起作用的一个形式。
英语词汇学自考题1
英语词汇学⾃考题1英语词汇学⾃考题-1(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)⼀、Ⅰ.(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.A tricycle has ______ wheels.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four（分数：1.00）A.B.C. √D.解析：词缀“tr-”是表⽰数字的前缀，它表⽰的意思是“三……”。
例如，a triangle指的是三⾓形。
2.The idiom Jack of all trades results from ______.A. additionB. position-shiftingC. dismemberingD. shortening（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D. √解析：缩短法(shortening)偶尔出现在部分格⾔或者谚语中，这些格⾔或谚语以⼀部分指代整个句⼦所代表的含义。
习语“jack of all trades”的完整形式是“jack of all trades and master of none”。
3.Degradation of meaning is the opposite of ______.A. semantic transferB. semantic pejorationC. semantic elevationD. semantic narrowing（分数：1.00）D.解析：4.______ is unstable, varying considerably according to culture, historical period, and the experience of individuals.A. Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocative meaningD. Affective meaning（分数：1.00）A.B. √C.D.解析：内涵意义(connotative meaning)指的是词的语法意义所包含的暗⽰意思和相关联想。
自考英语词汇学真题
自考英语词汇学真题词汇学是语言学的一个重要分支，研究的是单词的形态、意义、分类以及词汇的演变等问题。
自考英语词汇学真题涉及了英语单词的起源、构词法、词义的变化等内容，下面将对这些内容进行详细论述。
一、英语单词的起源英语单词的起源主要有以下几种形式：1.从其他语言借用，例如汉字对英语的影响；2.发音和拼写的演变，例如单词“knight”在发音上的演变；3.缩写和联合形成的新词，例如“radar”是“radio detecting and ranging”的缩写词。
1.1 从其他语言借用英语是在不同历史时期从多个语言中借用单词的，最初英语受到了拉丁语的影响，后来又从法语、德语、希腊语等语言中借用了大量的单词。
例如，法语对英语的影响主要体现在法语词汇对早期中世纪英语的借用上。
1.2 发音和拼写的演变英语单词的发音和拼写在历史上经历了多次演变，这导致了一些单词的拼写与发音之间存在不一致的情况。
例如，单词“knight”在中古英语时期发音是/knaɪxt/，而在现代英语中发音变为/naɪt/，但拼写却没有相应地改变。
1.3 缩写和联合形成的新词在现代英语中，由于科技和社会的发展，新词不断涌现。
一些新词是通过缩写形式产生的，例如“radar”就是从“radio detecting and ranging”这个词组的缩写而来。
同时，一些新词是由两个或多个单词联合形成的，例如“shampoo”就是由英语和印度语中的单词组合而成。
二、英语单词的构词法构词法研究的是单词是如何通过加缀、转化、派生等方式形成的。
英语单词的构词法主要包括前缀、后缀和派生等。
2.1 前缀前缀是指加在词根前面用来改变词义或词性的一种固定形式。
例如，在单词“unhappy”中，“un-”就是一个前缀，表示否定的意义。
2.2 后缀后缀是指加在词根后面用来改变词义或词性的一种固定形式。
例如，在单词“happiness”中，“-ness”就是一个后缀，表示名词的意义。
英语词汇学各章试题(卷)
英语词汇学试题Introduction and Chapter 1Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabula ry（练习1）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers.Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1. Morphology is the branch of grammar which studies the structure orforms of words, primarily through the use of _________construct.A. wordB. formC. morphemeD. root2.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history ofthe form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics3.Modern English is derived from the language of early ______ tribes.A. GreekB. RomanC. ItalianD. Germanic4. Semantics is the study of meaning of different _________ levels: lexis,syntax, utterance, discourse, etc.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. arbitraryD. semantic5.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user ’s choices oflinguistic elements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. place6.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form ,meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic7. Terminology consists of _______ terms used in particular disciplinesand academic areas.A. technicalB. artisticC. differentD. academic8. __________refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members ofparticular arts, sciences, trades, and professions communicate among themselves.A. SlangB. JargonC. Dialectal wordsD. Argot9 ._________ belongs to the sub-standard language, a category thatseems to stand between the standard general words including informalones available to everyone and in-group words.A. JargonB. ArgotC. Dialectal wordsD. Slang10. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______.Its use is confined tothe sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it.A. workersB. criminalsC. any personD.policeman11.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.A. ArgotB. SlangC. JargonD. Dialectalwords12. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use butare now restricted only to specialized or limited use.A. commonB. littleC. slightD. great9. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words thathave taken on ______meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good10. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.A. functionalB. notionalC. emptyD. formal11. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, theyare also called _______words. Prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and articles belong to this category.A. contentB. notionalC. emptyD. newII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressionsaccording to the course book.12.Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and_____of words.13.English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the ______structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantics, relations, _____development, formation and ______.14. English lexicology embraces other academic disciplines, such asmorphology, ______,etymology, stylistics, ________.15. There are generally two approaches to the study of words , namelysynchronic and _______.16. Language study involves the study of speech sounds, grammarand_______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) basic wordstock and nonbasic vocabulary 2) content words and functional words 3) native words and borrowedwords 4)characteristics of the basic word stock.A B21 . Stability ( ) A. E-mail13. Collocbility( ) B. aught14. Jargon( ) C. por15. Argot ( ) D. upon16.Notional words( ) E. hypo17. Neologisms ( ) F. at heart18. Aliens ( ) G. man19. Semantic-loans( ) H. dip20. Archaisms ( ) I. fresh21. Empty words ( ) J. emirIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) characteristics of the basic word stock 2)types of nonbasic vocabulary.22. dog cheap ( ) 32 a change of heart ( )17. can-opener ( ) 34.Roger ( )23. bottom line ( ) 36.penicillin ( )37. auld ( ) 38. futurology ( )39.brethren ( ) 40. take ( )V. Define the following terms.41. word 42. Denizens 43. Aliens 44. Translation-loans 45. Semantic-loansVI. Answer the following Questions46.Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning, sound and form with examples.47. What are the main characteristics of the basic word-stock? Illustrate your points with examples.48. Give the types of nonbasic vocabulary with examples.VII. Analyze and comment on the following.49. Classify the following words and point out the types of words according to notion.earth, cloud, run, walk, on, of, upon, be, frequently , the, five, but, a , never.50. Group the following borrowed words into Denizens, Aliens, Translation-loans, Semantic-loans.Dream, pioneer, kowtow, bazaar, lama, master-piece, port, shirtKey to Exercises:1.A2.C3.D4.A5.B6.D7.A8.B9.D10.B11.D12.A13.A14.B15.CI. 16.meanings17.morphological, historical, usages 18. semantics,lexicography19.diachronic20. vocabularyII. 21. G 22. F23. E24. H25. C26. A27. J28.I29.B30.DIII. 31. the basic word stock; productivity32. the basic word stock; collocability33.the basic word stock; argot34.nonbasic word stock; slang35. nonbasic word stock; jargon36. nonbasic word stock ;terminology37.nonbasic word stock; dialectal words38. nonbasic word stock ,neologisms39. nonbasic word stock; archaisms40. the basic word stock; polysemyV-----VI. (see the course book)VII. 49. Content words: earth, clould, run, walk, frequently, never, fiveFunctional words: on, of, upon, be, the, but, a.50. Denizens: port, shirt,Aliens: bazaar, kowtowTranslation-loans: lama, masterpieceSemantic-loans:dream, pioneerChapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 3 Word Formation I( 练习2)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bestcomplete the statement.18.It is assumed that the world has approximately 3,000( some put it 5,000)languages, which can begrouped into the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.A. 500B. 4000C. 300D. 200019.The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly ______language.A. inflectedB. derivedC. developedD. analyzed20.After the _________, the Germanic tribes called Angles ,Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers.A. GreeksB. IndiansC. RomansD. French21.The introduction of ________had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. HinduismB. ChristianityC. BuddhismD. Islamism22.In the 9 th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and Danish Vikings. With the invaders,many ________words came into the English language.A. GreekB. RomanC. CelticD. Scandinavian23.It is estimated that at least ______ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in modern English.A. 500B. 800C. 1000 .D. 90024.The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flowof ______ words into English.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin25.By the end of the _______century , English gradually came back into the schools, the law courts, andgovernment and regained social status.A. 12 thB. 13 thC. 14 thD.15 th26.As a result , Celtic made only a ________contribution to the English vocabulary.A. smallB. bigC. greatD. smaller27.The Balto-Slavic comprises such modern languages as Prussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Czech,Bulgarian, Slovenian and _______.A. GreekB. RomanC. IndianD. Russian28.In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derivedfrom the dead language.A. SanskritB. LatinC. RomanD. Greek29.Greek is the modern language derived from _______.A. LatinB. HellenicC. Indian D . Germanic30.The five Roamance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belongto the Italic through an intermediate language called _______.A. SanskritB. LatinC. CelticD. Anglo-Saxon31.The ________family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic,Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages.A. GermanicB. Indo-EuropeanC. AlbanianD. Hellenic32.By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or social power andmany of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin.A. 10 thB.11 thC.12 thD. 13 thII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.33.Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as _______.34.. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings , Middle English was one of ______.35.It can be concluded that English has evoked from a synthetic language (Old English) to the present_____ language.36.The surviving languages accordingly fall into eight principal groups , which can be grouped into anEastern set: Balto-Slavic , Indo-Iranian ,Armenian and Albanian; a Western set :Celtic, Italic, Hellenic,_______.37.It is necessary to subdivide Modern English into Early (1500-1700)and _____ Modern English.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) origin of thewords 2)history off English development 3) language family.A B38. Celtic ( ) A.politics39. religious ( ) B.moon40.Scandinavian ( ) C. Persian41. French ( ) D.London42. Old English ( ) E. abbot43.Dutch ( ) F. skirt44.Middle English ( ) G. sunu45. Modern English ( ) H. lernen46. Germanic family ( ) I. freight47.Sanskrit ( ) J. NorwegianIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify types of morphemes underlined.48. earth ( ) 32.contradict ( )24. predictor ( ) 34. radios ( )38. prewar ( ) 36. happiest ( )40. antecedent ( ) 38. northward ( )41. sun ( ) 40. diction ( )V. Define the following terms.42. free morphemes 42. bound morphemes 43. root 44. stem 45.affixesVI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short.51. Describe the characteristics of Old English .52. Describe the characteristics of Middle English.53. Describe the characteristics of Modern English.VII. Answer the following questions with examples.54. What are the three main sources of new words ?55. How does the modern English vocabulary develop ?Key to exercises:I. 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.BII. 16.Old English 17. Leveled endings 18. analytic 19. Germanic te(1700-up to the present )III. 21. D 22. E 23. F 24. A 25. G 26. I 27. H 28. B 29. J 30. CIV. 31. free morpheme/ free root 32. bound root 33. suffix 34. inflectional affix35. prefix 36. Inflectional affix 37. prefix 38. suffix 39. free morpheme/free root25.bound rootV.-VI ( See the course book )VII. 49. The three main sources of new words are :(1) The rapid development of modern science and technology ,e.g. astrobiology, green revolution ;(2) Social , economic and political changes; e.g. Watergate, soy milk;(3) The influence of other cultures and language; e.g. felafel, Nehru Jackets.39. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: (1) creation, e.g. consideration,carefulness; (2) semantic change, e.g. Polysemy, homonymy ; (3) borrowing ;e.g. tofu, gongful.Chapter 3 The Development of the English Vocabulary and Chapter 4 Word Formation II （练习3）I．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bestcomplete the statement.49.The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______.A. reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes50.The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo -friend, mal practice,mis trust.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes51.The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes52.The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ .A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes53.The prefixes in words bi lingual , uni form and hemis phere are ________.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes54.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head.A. Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size55.Rugby ,afghan and champagne are words coming from ________.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames56.Omega, Xerox and orlon are words from _________.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames57.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes58.Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames59.The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________.A. negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes60.The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-.A. prefixes of degree or sizeB. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes61.Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________.A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames62.The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes63.The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are ________.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixesII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.64.Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivationalaffixes to stem. This process is also known as_____.pounding , also called ________, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems .Words formed in this way are called _________.66. __________ is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.67. _________ is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part ofanother word . Words formed in this way are called blends or _____words.20 A common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original andusing what remains instead. This is called _______.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to types of suffixation.A B26. Concrete denominal noun suffixes ( ) A. priceless27. Abstract denominal noun suffixes ( ) B. downward28. Deverbal noun suffixes(denoting people.) ( ) C. engineer29. Deverbal nouns suffixes( denoting action, etc) （） D. darken30. De-adjective noun suffixes （）Ｅviolinist31. Noun and adjective suffixes ( ) F.happiness32. Denominal adjective suffixes ( ) G. arguable33. Deverbal adjective suffixes ( ) H.dependent34. Adverb suffixes ( ) I. adulthood35. Verb suffixes ( ) J. survivalIV. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of clipping 2) types ofacronymy and write the full terms.36.quake ( ) 32. stereo ( ) 33. flu ( ) 34. pub ( ) 35. c/o ( )40. V-day ( ) 37. TB ( ) 38. disco ( ) 39.copter ( ) 40. perm ( )V. Define the following terms .42. acronymy 42. back-formation 43. initialisms 44. prefixation 45. suffixationVI. Answer the following questions with examples.43. What are the characteristics of compounds ?44. What are the main types of blendings ?45. What are the main types of compounds ?VII. Analyze and comment on the following:46. Use the following examples to explain the types of back-formation.(1) donate ----donation emote----emotion(2) loaf —loafer beg------beggar(3) eavesdrop---eavesdropping babysit---babysitter(4) drowse —drowsy laze---lazy47. Read the following sentence and identify the types of conversion of the italicized words.(1) I’m very grateful for your help. (2) The rich must help the poor.(3)His argument contains too many ifs and buts. (4) They are better housed and clothed.(5) The photograph yellowed with age. (6) We downed a few beers.Key to exercises :56. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. A 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.BII. 16. derivation position, compounds 18. Conversion 19. Blending(pormanteau) 20.clippingIII. 21.C 22. I 23. H 24. J 25.F 26.E 27.A 28.G 29.B 30.DIV.31. Front clipping, earthquake68. Back clipping, stereophonic69.Front and back clipping, influenza70.Phrase clipping, public house71. Initialisms, care of72. Acronyms, Victory Day73. Initialisms, tuberculosis74. Back clipping, discotheque75. Front clipping, helicopter76. Phrase clipping, permanent wavesV-VI. (See the course book)VII.49. There are mainly four types of back-formation.(1)From abstract nouns (2) From human nouns (3) From compound nouns and others(4) From adjectives37. (1)Verb to noun (2) Adjective to noun (3) Miscellaneous conversion to noun (4 ) Noun to verb (5) Adjective (6) Miscellaneous conversion to verbChapter 5 Word Meaning ( 练习4)I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternativeanswers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.77. A word is the combination of form and ________.A. spellingB. writingC. meaningD. denoting78._______is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objectiveworld in the human mind.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. Context79.Sense denotes the relationships _______the language.A. outsideB. withC. beyondD. inside80. Most English words can be said to be ________.A. non-motivatedB. motivatedC. connectedD. related81.Trumpet is a(n) _______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. semanticallyC. onomatopoeicallyD.etymologically82.Hopeless is a ______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD.etymologically83.In the sentence ‘He is fond of pen ’, pen is a ______ motivatedword.A. morphologicallyB. onomatopoeicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically84.Walkman is a _______motivated word.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically85.Functional words possess strong _____ whereas content wordshave both meanings, and lexical meaning in particular.A. grammatical meaningB. conceptual meaningC. associative meaningD. arbitrary meaning86.___is unstable, varying considerably according to culture,historical period, and the experience of the individual.A. Stylistic meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Collocativemeaning D. Affective meaning87.Affective meaning indicates the speaker ’s _______towards theperson or thing in question.A. feeling .B. likingC. attitudesD. understanding88.___ are affective words as they are expressions of emotionssuch as oh, dear me, alas .A. PrepositionsB. InterjectionsC. ExclamationsD.Explanations89.It is noticeable that overlaps with stylistic and affectivemeanings because in a sense both stylistic and affective meaningsare revealed by means of collocations.A. conceptual meaningB. grammatical meaningC. lexical meaningD. collocative meaning90.In the same language, the same concept can be expressed in______.A. only one wordB. two wordsC. more than threeD. differentwords91.Reference is the relationship between language and the ______.A. speakersB. listenersC. worldD. specificcountryII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.92.In modern English one may find some words whose soundssuggest their ______pounds and derived words are ______ words and themeanings of many are the sum total of the morphemes combined.94._______ refers to the mental associations suggested by theconceptual meaning of a word.95.The meanings of many words often relate directly to their ______.In other words the history of the word explains the meaning of theword.96.Lexical meaning itself has two components : conceptualmeaning and _________.III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1) types of motivation 2) types of meaning.A B97. Onomotopooeic motivation ( ) A. tremble with fear98.Collocative meaning ( ) B. skinny99. Morphological motivation ( ) C. slender100. Connotative meaning ( ) D. hiss101. Semantic motivation ( ) E. laconic102. Stylistic meaning ( ) F. sun (a heavenly body)103. Etymological motivation ( ) G.airmail104. Pejorative meaning ( ) H. home105. Conceptual meaning ( ) I. horse and plug106. Appreciative meaning ( ) J. pen and awordIV.Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of motivation 2) types of meaning.107. neigh ( ) 32. the mouth of the river ( )38. reading-lamp ( ) 34. tantalus ( )41. warm home ( ) 36. the cops ( )108. dear me ( ) 38. pigheaded ( )39. handsome boy ( ) 40. diligence ( )IV. Define the following terms .42. motivation 42. grammatical meanings 43. conceptual meaning 44. associative meaning 45.affective meaningV. Answer the following questions . Your answers should be clear and short.43. What is reference ? 47. What is concept ? 48. What is sense ?VI. Analyze and comment on the following.48. Study the following words and explain to which type of motivation they belong.49. Explain the types of associative meaning with examples.Key to exercises:57. C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.B2.C 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.CI. 16. meanings 17.multi-morphemic 18.Semantic motivation 19.origins 20.associative meaning II. 21. D 22.A 23.G 24.H 25.J 26.I 27.E 28.B 29.F 30.CIII. 31. Onomatopoeic motivation 32. Semantic motivation7. Morphological motivation 34. Etymological motivation12. Connotative meaning 36.Stylistic meaning41. Affective meaning 38. pejorative51. collocative meaning 40. appreciativeV-VI. See the course book.VII. 49. (1) Roar and buzz belong to onomatopoeic motivation.(2)Miniskirt and hopeless belong to morphological motivation.(3) The leg of a table and the neck of a bottle belong to semantic motivation.(4) Titanic and panic belong to etymological motivation.50. Associative meaning comprises four types:(1) Connotative meaning . It refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptualmeaning, traditionally known as connotations. It is not an essential part of the word-meaning, but associations that might occur in the mind of a particular user of the language. For example, mother ,denoting a ‘f emale parent ’, is often associated with ‘l ove ’,‘c are ’, etc..(2) Stylistic meaning. Apart feom their conceptual meanings, many words have stylistic features,which make them appropriate for different contexts. These distinctive features form the stylistic meanings of words . For example, pregnant, expecting, knockingup, in the club, etc., all can have thesame conceptual meaning, but differ in their stylistic values.(3) Affective meaning. It indicates the speaker ’s attitude towards the person or thing in question.Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories :appreciative or pejorative. For example,famous, determined are words of positive overtones; notorious, pigheaded are of negative connotationsimplying disapproval, contempt or criticism.(4) Collocative meaning. It consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In otherwords, it is that part of the word-meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion.For example, we say : pretty girl, pretty garden; we don ’t say pretty typewriter. But sometimes there issome overlap between the collocations of the two words.Chapter 6 Sense Relations and Semantic Field ( 练习5)I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would bestcomplete the statement.109.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ______.A. English onlyB. Chinese onlyC. all natural languagesD. some natural languages110.From the ______ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of the semantic structure of one and same word .A. linguisticB. diachronicC. synchronicD. traditional111._______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes.A Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection112. _________ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its firstsense by successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense thatis finally developed and that which the term had at the beginning.A. DerivationB. RadiationC. InflectionD. Concatenation113.One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their ______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. etymologyD. usage114.________refer to one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.A. PolysemantsB. SynonymsC. AntonymsD. Hyponyms115. The sense relation between the two words tulip and flower is _______.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy116._________ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. bow/bau/;bow/beu/.A. HomophonesB. HomographsC. Perfect homonymsD. Antonyms117. The antonyms: male and female are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms118.The antonyms big and small are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms119.The antonyms husband and wife are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected termsposition and compounding in lexicology are words of _______.A. absolute synonymsB. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. contrary antonyms121.As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly ______, they are often employed in a conversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.A. homographsB. homophonesC. absolute homonymsD. antonyms122.From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning . The first meaning is called ______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. basic meaning123.Synchronically, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called_______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. secondary meaningII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.。
全国自考《英语词汇学》真题试题及答案评测
全国202X年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学真题课程代码：00832本卷子总分值100分，考试时间150分钟.考生答题考前须知：1.本卷全部真题必须在答题卡上作答。
答在卷子上无效。
卷子空白处和反面均可作草稿纸。
2.第—局部为选择题。
必须对应卷子上的题号使用28铅笔将“答题卡〞的相应代码涂黑。
3.第二局部为非选择题。
必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。
4.合理安排答题空间。
超出答题地域无效。
第—局部选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and blacken the corresponding letter A,B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(30%)1. Which of the following is NOT trueA.A word is the smallest free form of a language.B.A word is a sound unity.C.A word，has a given meaning.D.A word can be used freely in a sentence.2.By notion, words can be grouped into content words and functional words. Which of the following words belongs to functional wordsA.FiveB.SunC.RunD. And3.Which of the following words is a neologismA.Dip.B.Thou.C.Internet.D.Bottom line.4.At the end 6th century, Latin-speaking Roman missionaries under St. Augustine came tospread_____in Britain, the introduction of which had a great impact on the English vocabulary.A. BuddhismB.ChristianityC. CaiholicismD. Islamism5.Social, economic and political changes bring about an increasing number of new words. Which of the following words is related to political changesA. Moon walk.B.Watergate.C.Mao jackets.D. Talk show.6.Which of the following statemems is NOT trueA.The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin, French, Scandinavian and Italian.B.Modem English is considered to be an analytic language.C.English is more closely related to German than French.D.The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of modem English period.7.The root of the word "internationalist" is _____.A. interB.nationC.tionD. ist8.There is(are) _____ allomorphemic word(s) in the following words: cats, men, glass,worked.A. 1B.2C.3D.49.The plural morpheme “-s〞is pronounced as /z/ in the following words EXCEPT_____.A. bedsB.bagsC.cheatsD. bottles10. Words produced through _____account for the largest part of the total number of new words through word-formation.A. conversion B poundingC. shorteningD. affixation11.The function of_____is mainly to change the grammatical function of the stem rather than its meaning.A. affixationB. prefixationC. suffixationD. derivation12. The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word is called_____ .A. conversionB. blendingC pounding D. clipping13.The singular and plural meaning of a noun is known as the_____meaning of a word.A.grammaticalB. lexicalC.conceptualD. associative14._____explains why a particular form has a particular meaning.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC.SenseD.Motivation15.By_____motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular word is related to its origin.A. onomatopoeicB. morphologicalC. etymologicalD. semantic16.The differences between synonyms boil down to three areas: denotation, connotation, andA. applicationB. lexical meaningC. grammatical meaningD. motivation17.Unlike radiation where each of the derived meanings is directly connected to the primary meaning,_____describes a process where each of the later meaning is related only to the preceding one like chains.A. back-formationB.concatenationC. associationD.extension18.Which term can be used to best describe the relationship between the underlined adjectives in “Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is an unsociable person"A. Synonymy.B. Antonymy.C. Homonymy.D. Polysemy.19.The associated transfer of meaning and euphemistic use of words are often due to_____factors.A.scientificB. internalC.historicalD.psychological20.Some words can have two different types of antonyms at the same time, one being_____and the other opposite.A. negativeB. positiveC. protectiveD. appreciative21.There is associated transfer, for example, the lip of a wound; the tongue of a bell; the_____of a plane, in which the meaning is transferred through association.A. eyesB. faceC. noseD. ears22.When a word with multiple meanings is used in inadequate context, it creates_____.A. ambiguityB. synonymyC.contextD.hyponymy23.Missiles in the sentence "In the History Museum are exhibited all kinds of missiles." Is ambiguous due to_____.A. grammatics structureB.lexical contextC. homonymyD.polysemy24.In the sentence " 'Do get me a clop,' she said, smacking her lips, bui her brother, with ascornful glance up at the branches, said that there were none ripe yet." The meaning of clop can be inferred from the clue of_____.A.relevant detailsB.word structureB.antqnymy D.hyponymy25. "Up in the air" is an idiom_____in nature.A.verbalB.nominalC.adjectivalD.adverbial26.Which of the following rhetorical features can be seen in the idiom "scream and shout"A. Rhyme.B. Reiteration.C.Juxtaposition.D.Synecdoche.27.The idiom "a bull in a china shop" was created probably by_____.A.seamenB.housewivesC.farmersD. hunters28.The main body of a dictionary is its_____of words.A. spellingsB.pronunciationsC.definitionsD. usages29.Which of the following is NOT true about linguistic dictionariesA.They aim at defining words and explaining their usages in the language.B.They usually cover such areas as spelling, pronunciation, meaning, grammatical function, usage and etymology, etc.C.They can be monolingual and bilingual.D.They provide encyclopaedic information concerning each headword.30.Which of the following is NOT true about Longman Dictionary of Contemporary EnglishA. It is a desk dictionary.B.It is noted for its elaborate grammar information.C.It creates an extra column arranged alongside the definitions.D.It is noted for its wide coverage of new words, new meanings and new usages.非选择题局部考前须知：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在真题卷上。
学历类《自考》自考专业(英语)《英语词汇学》考试试题及答案解析
学历类《自考》自考专业(英语)《英语词汇学》考试试题及答案解析姓名:_____________ 年级:____________ 学号:______________l A、blamedforB、blamedtoC、blamedonD、blamedat正确答案：C答案解析：此题考查固定词组blamesth.onsb.把...怪到...头上。
3、Police are ________ the disappearance of two children.A、lookingupB、lookingthroughC、lookingintoD、lookingon正确答案：C答案解析：A(在书中)查找B仔细查阅，审查，(对某人)视而不见C调查，研究，查问D.观看，旁观，看待4、Each of us should _______ aside a few minutes to have a rest every day.A、pushB、provideC、turnD、set正确答案：D答案解析：setaside：留出，拨出。
是固定搭配。
5、We were told that the stone figure _______ back to the 16th century was of great value.A、datedB、datingC、comingD、kept正确答案：B答案解析：本句中含有be+of+n.这个结构。
datingbacktothe16thcentury的逻辑主语是stonefigure。
6、Perseverance is a kind of quality and that is _______ it takes to do anything well.A、whatB、thatC、whichD、why正确答案：A答案解析：what在表语从句中作takes的宾语,构成”Ittakessth.todosth.”的句型。
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全国2011年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码:00832I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30%)1. The development of English vocabulary can be divided into the following particular historical period EXCEPT ______. ( )A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. New EnglishD. Modern English2. The definition of a word comprises the following points ______ . ( )(1) a minimal free form of a language(2) a sound unity(3) a unit of meaning(4) a form that can function alone in a sentenceA. (1) and (2)B. (1) (2) and (3)C. (2) (3) and (4)D. (1) (2) (3) and (4)3. Words of the basic word stock can each be used alone, and at the same time can form new words with other roots and affixes, e.g. foot is the father of football, footage and footprint. This demonstrates that one of the characteristics of the words of the basic stock is ______ . ( )A. productivityB. polysemyC. stabilityD. collocability4. The Indo-European language family is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and ______ . ( )A. IndiaB. the Far EastC. the West AsiaD. America5. In the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learning ancient Greek and ______ classics. This is known in history as the Renaissance. ( )A. IndiaB. GermanC. RomanD. Chinese6. Which of the following statements is NOT true? ( )A. Old English was a highly inflected language.B. In early Middle English period, English, Latin and Celtic existed side by side.C. The introduction of printing into England marked the beginning of modern English period.D. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present-day English is creation of new words by means of word-formation.7. The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is ______.( )A. morphemeB. affixesC. rootD. stem8. There is/are ______ monomorphemic word(s) in the following words: hot, dog, feet, matches. ( )A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 49. The plural morpheme "-s" is pronounced as/s/in the following words EXCEPT ______.( )A. packsB. bagsC. cheatsD. ships10. 30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English vocabulary are produced through ______ .( )A. affixationB. clippingC. compoundingD. shortening11. The formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class is called ______. ( )A. prefixationB. suffixationC. acronymyD. conversion12. The method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes is called ______. ( )A. back-formationB. clippingC. blendingD. suffixation13. ______ accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning. ( )A. SenseB. MotivationC. ConceptD. Reference14. By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular word is related to its origin. ( )A. onomatopoeicB. morphologicalC. semanticD. etymological15. In English there are ______ types of motivation that concerns the relationship between the sign and meaning. ( )A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 516. What is a common feature peculiar to all natural languages? ( )A. Suffixation.B. Variation.C. Allomorph.D. Polysemy.17. Red, scarlet, mauve, violet, lavender, pansy, b lack, purple, etc, make up the ______ field of ‘colours’. ( )A. stylisticB. semanticC. ellipticD. syntactic18. What is applicable to contradictory terms of some antonyms may NOT be applicable to their ______ terms? ( )A. connotativeB. collocativeC. relativeD. negative19. When a common word is turned into a proper noun, the meaning is ______ accordingly. ( )A. relatedB. narrowedC. createdD. suggested20. Which of the following words was used during the American Civil War to refer to those northerners who were secretly aiding the South? ( )A. Rattlesnake.B. Villain.C. Informer.D. Copperhead.21. People change word-meaning owing to various ______ motives: love, respect, courtesy, suspicion, pessimism, sarcasm, irony, contempt, hatred, etc. ( )A. psychologicalB. socialC. communicativeD. lexical22. In a narrow sense, context refers to the words, clauses, sentences in which a word appears and is known as ______ context. ( )A. non-linguisticB. linguisticC. grammaticalD. lexical23. Which of the following is one of the main functions of verbal context? ( )A. Elimination of ambiguity.B. Indication for referents.C. Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.D. All the above.24. Which of the following is NOT true about extra-linguistic context? ( )A. It can be subdivided into grammatical context and non-linguistic context.B. It refers to physical situation or environment relating to the use of words.C. It embraces the people, time and place.D. It may extend to embrace the entire cultural background.25. The idiom "fall into good hands" is a ______ as far as figures of speech are concerned. ( )A. synecdocheB. metaphorC. metonymyD. personification26. "Flesh and blood" is an idiom ______ in nature. ( )A. verbalB. nominalC. adjectivalD. adverbial27. The change of idiom "velvet paws" from the original form is ______.( )A. replacementB. position-shiftingC. additionD. shortening28. American dictionaries generally use ______ to mark the pronunciation. ( )A. British Phonetic AlphabetB. American Phonetic AlphabetC. International Phonetic AlphabetD. Webster's Phonetic Alphabet29. Which of the following dictionaries is NOT a specialized dictionary? ( )A. The Oxford Dictionary of English EtymologyB. Chamber's Encyclopaedic English DictionaryC. Longman Dictionary of Phrasal VerbsD. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms30. Usage notes of the dictionary explain ______. ( )A. the slight difference between words of similar meaningsB. difficult points of grammar and styleC. important British and American differencesD. all the aboveII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. (15 % )31. The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over one _________ words.32. At the end of 6th century, Latin-speaking missionaries under St. Augustine came to spread Christianity in Britain. It brought many new ideas and customs and also many _________ terms such as abbot, candle, altar, etc.33. The forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function are _________.34. The process of changing the word "possible" into "impossible" is called _________.35. The synonymous pair "die — pass away" has the same _________ but different stylistic values.36. Semantically, all _________ are related in one way or another.37. Fortuitous formerly denoted 'happening by chance', 'accidental' and later took on the meaning 'fortunate' probably by _________ because the two words look similar.38. The sentence "He is a hard businessman" is ambiguous due to _________.39. The characteristic of idioms —_________ unity can be reflected by the understanding of such idiom as "rain cats and dogs".40. Definition, extra column and usage _________ are the unique features of Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary (1987).III. Define the following terms. (15%)41. jargon42. derivational affix43. grammatical meaning44. associated transfer45. variations of idiomsIV. Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )46. leorn→ian→lern→en→learnAbove is the change of "learn" from Old English through Middle English to Modern English.What can you conclude from the viewpoint of the development of English vocabulary?47. Both initialisms and acronyms are formed to a certain extent from initial letters. Is there any difference between them? Illustrate your point with examples.48. What is the appropriate antonym for acute in the following statement?She got an acute pain in her back.49. What are contextual clues?Guess the meaning of the word underlined in the following sentence and tell what contextual clues have helped you in arriving at the meaning.(a) Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor B irdwhistell.(b) It's just one more incredible result of the development of microprocessors —those tiny parts of a computer commonly known as "silicon chips".V. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. (20 % )50. Comment on the following groups to illustrate the difference between partial and full conversion.Group 1: "white — a white, final — finals"Group 2: "rich — the rich, wounded — the wounded"51. Analyze and comment on the meanings of the following sentences and then find out the right antonyms for each fast respectively.[A] My god, look, this clock is one hour fast, as if we were at Tokyo.[B] The colors aren't fast, so be careful when you wash this shirt.[C] The delegation paid a fast visit to the United Kingdom last month.。