英文数学符号
常用数学符号英文对照
×times sign multiplication 2 × 3 = 6 ·multiplication dot multiplication 2 · 3 = 6÷division sign /division 6 ÷ 2 = 3obelus/ division slash division 6 / 2 = 3–horizontal line division / fractionmod modulo remainder calculation 7 mod 2 = 1. period decimal point, decimal2.56 = 2+56/100separatora b power exponent 23= 8a^b caret exponent 2 ^ 3= 8√a square root √a ·√a = a√9 = ±33√a cube root 3√a ·3√a ·3√a = a3√8 = 24√a fourth root 4√a ·4√a ·4√a ·4√a = a4√16 = ±2n√a n-th root (radical) for n=3, n√8 = 2% percent1% = 1/100 10% × 30 = 3‰per-mille1‰ = 1/1000 = 0.1%10‰ × 30 = 0.3ppm per-million1ppm = 1/1000000 10ppm × 30 = 0.0003ppb per-billion 1ppb = 1/1000000000 10ppb × 30 = 3×10-7ppt per-trillion 1ppt = 10-1210ppt × 30 = 3×10-10Geometry symbolsSymbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example ∠angle formed by two rays ∠ABC = 30°measuredABC = 30°anglespherical angle AOB = 30°∟right angle = 90°α = 90°°degree 1 turn = 360°α = 60°deg degree 1 turn = 360deg α = 60deg′prime arcminute, 1° = 60′α = 60°59′″double prime arcsecond, 1′ = 60″α = 60°59′59″line infinite lineAB line segment line from point A to point Bray line that start from point Aarc arc from point A to point B= 60°⊥perpendicular perpendicular lines (90° angle) AC ⊥ BC| | parallel parallel lines AB | | CD≅congruent to equivalence of geometric shapes and size ∆ABC≅∆XYZ ~ similarity same shapes, not same size ∆ABC~ ∆XYZ Δtriangle triangle shape ΔABC≅ΔBCD |x-y| distance distance between points x and y | x-y | = 5πpi constant π = 3.141592654...is the ratio between the circumference and diameter of acirclec = π·d = 2·π·rrad radians radians angle unit 360° = 2π rad c radians radians angle unit 360° = 2πcgrad gradians / gons grads angle unit 360° = 400 gradg gradians / gons grads angle unit 360° = 400 g Algebra symbolsSymbol Symbol Name Meaning /definitionExample[a,b] closed interval [a,b] ={x | a≤x≤b}x∈[2,6]∆delta change /difference∆t = t1 - t0∆discriminant Δ =b2 - 4ac∑sigma summation -sum of allvalues in rangeof series∑ x i= x1+x2+...+x n∑∑sigma doublesummation∏capital pi product -product of allvalues in rangeof series∏ x i=x1∙x2∙...∙x ne e constant / Euler's number e =2.718281828...e = lim (1+1/x)x , x→∞γEuler-Mascheroni constantγ =0.527721566...φgolden ratio golden ratioconstantπpi constant π =3.141592654...is the ratiobetween thecircumference anddiameter of acirclec = π·d = 2·π·rLinear Algebra SymbolsSymbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example ·dot scalar product a · b×cross vector product a × bA⊗B tensor product tensor product of A and B A⊗B inner product[ ] brackets matrix of numbers( ) parentheses matrix of numbers| A | determinant determinant of matrix Adet(A) determinant determinant of matrix A|| x || double vertical bars normA T transpose matrix transpose (A T)ij = (A)jiA†Hermitian matrix matrix conjugate transpose (A†)ij = (A)ji A*Hermitian matrix matrix conjugate transpose (A*)ij = (A)ji A-1inverse matrix A A-1 = Irank(A) matrix rank rank of matrix A rank(A) = 3 dim(U) dimension dimension of matrix A rank(U) = 3 Probability and statistics symbolsSymbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition ExampleP(A) probabilityfunctionprobability of event A P(A) = 0.5P(A∩B) probability ofeventsintersectionprobability that ofevents A and BP(A∩B) = 0.5P(A∪B) probability ofevents union probability that ofevents A or BP(A∪B) = 0.5P(A | B) conditionalprobabilityfunctionprobability of event Agiven event BoccuredP(A | B) = 0.3f (x) probabilitydensity function(pdf)P(a ≤ x ≤ b) = ∫f (x) dxF(x) cumulative F(x) = P(X≤ x)distribution function (cdf)μpopulationmean mean of populationvaluesμ = 10E(X) expectationvalue expected value ofrandom variable XE(X) = 10E(X | Y) conditionalexpectation expected value ofrandom variable Xgiven YE(X | Y=2) = 5var(X) variance variance of randomvariable Xvar(X) = 4σ2variance variance ofpopulation valuesσ2 = 4std(X) standarddeviation standard deviation ofrandom variable Xstd(X) = 2σX standarddeviation standard deviationvalue of randomvariable XσX=2median middle value of random variable xcov(X,Y) covariance covariance ofrandom variables Xand Ycov(X,Y) = 4corr(X,Y) correlation correlation ofrandom variables Xand Ycorr(X,Y) = 0.6ρX,Y correlation correlation ofrandom variables Xand YρX,Y = 0.6∑summation summation - sum of all values in range of series∑∑doublesummationdouble summationBin(n,p) binomialdistributionf (k) = n C k p k(1-p)n-kPoisson(λ)Poissondistributionf (k)= λk e-λ / k!Geom(p) geometricdistributionf (k) = p(1-p) kHG(N,K,n) hyper-geometric distributionBern(p) Bernoulli distributionCombinatorics SymbolsSymbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition Examplen! factorial n! = 1·2·3·...·n5! = 1·2·3·4·5 = 120 n P k permutation 5P3 = 5! / (5-3)! = 60 n C kcombination 5C3 = 5!/[3!(5-3)!]=10Set theory symbolsSymbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example{ } set a collection of elements A = {3,7,9,14},B = {9,14,28}A ∩B intersection objects that belong to set A and setBA ∩B = {9,14}A ∪B union objects that belong to set A or setBA ∪B ={3,7,9,14,28}A ⊆B subset subset has fewer elements orequal to the set{9,14,28} ⊆{9,14,28}A ⊂B proper subset / strict subset has fewer elements than {9,14} ⊂subset the set {9,14,28}A ⊄B not subset left set not a subset of right set {9,66} ⊄{9,14,28}A ⊇B superset set A has more elements or equalto the set B{9,14,28} ⊇{9,14,28}A ⊃B proper superset / strictsupersetset A has more elements than setB{9,14,28} ⊃{9,14}A ⊅B not superset set A is not a superset of set B {9,14,28} ⊅{9,66}2A power set all subsets of A power set all subsets of AA =B equality both sets have the same members A={3,9,14}, B={3,9,14}, A=BA c complement all the objects that do not belong to set AA \B relative complement objects that belong to A and not toBA = {3,9,14},B = {1,2,3},A-B = {9,14}A -B relative complement objects that belong to A and not toBA = {3,9,14},B = {1,2,3},A-B = {9,14}A ∆B symmetric difference objects that belong to A or B butnot to their intersectionA = {3,9,14},B = {1,2,3},A ∆B ={1,2,9,14}A ⊖B symmetric difference objects that belong to A or B butnot to their intersectionA = {3,9,14},B = {1,2,3},A ⊖B ={1,2,9,14}a∈A element of set membership A={3,9,14}, 3 ∈Ax∉A not element of no set membership A={3,9,14}, 1 ∉A(a,b) ordered pair collection of 2 elementsA×B cartesian product set of all ordered pairs from A andB|A| cardinality the number of elements of set A A={3,9,14},|A|=3#A cardinality the number of elements of set A A={3,9,14},#A=3aleph-null infinite cardinality of natural numbers setaleph-one cardinality of countable ordinal numbers setØ empty set Ø = { } C = {Ø} universal set set of all possible values0natural numbers / wholenumbers set (with zero) 0= {0,1,2,3,4,...} 0 ∈01natural numbers / wholenumbers set (withoutzero)1= {1,2,3,4,5,...} 6 ∈1 integer numbers set = {...-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,...} -6 ∈rational numbers set = {x | x=a/b, a,b∈} 2/6 ∈real numbers set = {x | -∞ < x <∞} 6.343434∈complex numbers set= {z | z=a+bi,-∞<a<∞,-∞<b<∞}6+2i∈Logic symbolsSymbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example ·and and x·y^ caret / circumflex and x ^ y& ampersand and x & y+ plus or x + y∨reversed caret or x∨y | vertical line or x | yx' single quote not - negation x'x bar not - negation x¬not not - negation ¬x! exclamation mark not - negation ! x⊕circled plus / oplus exclusive or - xor x⊕y ~ tilde negation ~ x⇒implies⇔equivalent if and only if (iff)↔equivalent if and only if (iff)∀for all∃there exists∄there does not exists∴therefore∵because / sinceCalculus & analysis symbolsSymbol Symbol Name Meaning / definition Example limit limit value of a functionεepsilon represents a very small number,ε→0near zeroe e constant / Euler'snumber e = 2.718281828...e = lim(1+1/x)x ,x→∞y ' derivative derivative - Lagrange's notation (3x3)' = 9x2y '' second derivative derivative of derivative (3x3)'' = 18xy(n)nth derivative n times derivation (3x3)(3) = 18 derivative derivative - Leibniz's notation d(3x3)/dx = 9x2second derivative derivative of derivative d2(3x3)/dx2 = 18xnth derivative n times derivationtime derivative derivative by time - Newton's notationtime secondderivativederivative of derivativeD x y derivative derivative - Euler's notationD x2y second derivative derivative of derivativepartial derivative ∂(x2+y2)/∂x = 2x ∫integral opposite to derivation ∫f(x)dx∫∫double integral integration of function of 2variables∫∫f(x,y)dxdy∫∫∫triple integral integration of function of 3variables∫∫∫f(x,y,z)dxdydz∮closed contour / lineintegral∯closed surfaceintegral∰closed volumeintegral[a,b] closed interval [a,b] = {x | a ≤ x ≤ b}(a,b) open interval (a,b) = {x | a < x < b}i imaginary unit i≡ √-1 z = 3 + 2i z* complex conjugate z = a+bi→z*=a-bi z* = 3 - 2i z complex conjugate z = a+bi→z = a-bi z = 3 - 2i ∇nabla / del gradient / divergence operator ∇f (x,y,z) vectorunit vectorx * y convolution y(t) = x(t) * h(t)Laplace transform F(s) = {f (t)}Fourier transform X(ω) = {f (t)}δdelta function∞lemniscate infinity symbol。
常见数学符号的读法
一、常见数学符号的读法:α(阿而法)、β( 贝塔)、γ(伽马）、δ（德尔塔）、ε（艾普西龙）、ζ（截塔）、η（艾塔）、θ（西塔）、ι（约塔）、κ（卡帕）、λ（兰姆达）、μ（米尤）、ν（纽）、ξ（可系）、ο（奥密克戎）、π（派）、ρ （若）、σ （西格马）、τ （套）、υ （英文或拉丁字母）、φ（斐）、χ（喜）、ψ（普西））、ω（欧米伽）二、数字符号更全面：1. Α α alpha ,/ a:lf /,阿尔法角度；系数2.Β β beta ,/bet/, 贝塔磁通系数；角度；系数3. Γ γ gamma ,/ga:m/, 伽马电导系数（小写）4. Δ δ delta ,/delt/, 德尔塔变动；密度；屈光度5 .Ε ε epsilon ,/ep`silon /,伊普西龙对数之基数6 .Ζ ζ zeta,/ zat/, 截塔系数；方位角；阻抗；相对粘度；原子序数7 .Η η eta ,/eit /,艾塔磁滞系数；效率（小写）8. Θ θ thet,/ θit, 西塔温度；相位角9 .Ι ι iot ,/aiot/, 约塔微小，一点儿10 .Κ κ kappa ,/kap/, 卡帕介质常数11 .∧ λ lambda lambd 兰布达波长（小写）；体积12.. Μ μ mu ,/mju /,缪磁导系数；微（千分之一）；放大因数（小写）13 .Ν ν nu ,/nju /,纽磁阻系数14.Ξ ξ xi,/ksi/, 克西15.Ο ο omicron omik`ron 奥密克戎16.∏ π pi ,/pai /,派圆周率=圆周÷直径=3.141617 .Ρ ρ rho,/ rou /,肉电阻系数（小写）17.∑ σ sigma ,/sigma /,西格马总和（大写），表面密度；跨导（小写）19.Τ τ tau ,/tau /,套时间常数20.Υ υ upsilon ,/jup`silon /,宇普西龙位移21.Φ φ phi,/fai /,佛爱磁通；角22.Χ χ chi,/phai/,西23.Ψ ψ psi ,/psai/, 普西角速；介质电通量（静电力线）；角24.Ω ω omega ,/o`miga /,欧米伽欧姆（大写）；角速（小写）；角三、希腊字母读法Αα：阿尔法Alpha Ββ：贝塔BetaΓγ：伽玛Gamma Δδ：德尔塔 Delte Εε：艾普西龙 Epsilon ζ ：捷塔 Zeta Ζη：依塔 Eta Θθ：西塔 Theta Ιι：艾欧塔 Iota Κκ：喀帕Kappa ∧λ：拉姆达LambdaΜμ：缪Mu Νν：拗 NuΞξ：克西 Xi Οο：欧麦克轮 Omicron ∏π：派 Pi Ρρ：柔 Rho ∑σ：西格玛 Sigma Ττ：套 Tau Υυ：宇普西龙 Upsilon Φφ：fai Phi Χχ：器 Chi Ψψ：普赛 Psi Ωω：欧米伽 Omega。
数学符号[宝典]
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1、希腊字母：α——阿尔法β——贝塔γ——伽马Γ——德尔塔μ——可sei ψ——可赛ω——奥秘噶κ——米哟ι——南木打ζ——西格玛η——套θ——fai2、数学运算符：ⅲ—连加号ⅱ—连乘号ⅻ—并ⅺ—补ⅰ—属于ⅿ—因为ⅾ—所以ⅳ—根号‖—平行—垂直ⅶ—角—弧↋—圆ⅴ—正比于ⅵ—无穷ⅼ—积分Ↄ—约等ↆ—恒等3、三角函数：sin—赛因cos—考赛因tan—叹近体cot—考叹近体sec—赛看近体csc —考赛看近体序号大写小写英文注音国际音标注音中文注音1 Α α alpha a:lf 阿尔法2 Β β beta bet 贝塔3 Γ γ gamma ga:m 伽马4 Γ δ delta delt 德尔塔5 Δ ε epsilon ep`silon 伊普西龙6 Ε δ zeta zat 截塔7 Ζ ε eta eit 艾塔8 Θ ζ thet ζit 西塔9 Η η iot aiot 约塔10 Θ θ kappa kap 卡帕11 Ι ι lambda lambd 兰布达12 Κ κ mu mju 缪13 Λ λ nu n ju 纽14 Μ μ xi ksi 克西15 Ν ν omicron omik`ron 奥密克戎16 Ξ π pi pai 派17 Ο ξ rho rou 肉18 Π ζ sigma `sigma 西格马19 Ρ η tau tau 套20 υ upsilon jup`silon 宇普西龙21 Φ θ phi fai 佛爱22 Σ χ chi phai 西23 Τ ψ psi psai 普西24 Υ ω omega o`miga 欧米伽希腊字母的正确读法是什么？1 Α α alpha a:lf 阿尔法2 Β β beta bet 贝塔3 Γ γ gamma ga:m 伽马4 Γ δ delta delt 德尔塔5 Δ ε epsilon ep`silon 伊普西龙6 Ε δ zeta zat 截塔7 Ζ ε eta eit 艾塔8 Θ ζ thet ζit 西塔9 Η η iot aiot 约塔10 Κ θ kappa kap 卡帕11 ⅸι lambda lambd 兰布达12 Μ κ mu mju 缪13 Ν λ nu nju 纽磁阻系数14 Ξ μ xi ksi 克西15 Ο ν omicron omik`ron 奥密克戎16 ∏ π pi pai 派17 Ρ ξ rho rou 肉18 ∑ ζ sigma `sigma 西格马19 Σ η tau tau 套20 Τ υ upsilon jup`silon 宇普西龙21 Φ θ phi fai 佛爱22 Υ χ chi phai 西23 Φ ψ psi psai 普西角速；24 Χ ω omega o`miga 欧米伽希腊字母读法Αα：阿尔法AlphaΒβ：贝塔BetaΓγ：伽玛GammaΓδ：德尔塔DelteΔε：艾普西龙Epsilonδ ：捷塔ZetaΕε：依塔EtaΘζ：西塔ThetaΗη：艾欧塔IotaΚθ：喀帕Kappaⅸι：拉姆达LambdaΜκ：缪MuΝλ：拗NuΞμ：克西XiΟν：欧麦克轮Omicron∏π：派PiΡξ：柔Rho∑ζ：西格玛SigmaΣη：套TauΤυ：宇普西龙UpsilonΦθ：fai PhiΥχ：器ChiΦψ：普赛PsiΧω：欧米伽Omega数学符号大全各种符号的英文读法'exclam'＝'!''at'＝'@''numbersign'＝'#''dollar'＝'$''percent'＝'%''caret'＝'^''ampersand'＝'&''asterisk'＝'*''parenleft'＝'(''parenright'＝')''minus'＝'-''underscore'＝'_''equal'＝'=''plus'＝'+''bracketleft'＝'''braceright'＝'}''semicolon'＝';''colon'＝':''quote'＝''''doublequote'＝'"''backquote'＝''''tilde'＝'~''backslash'＝'\''bar'＝'|''comma'＝',''less'＝'<''period'＝'.''greater'＝'>''slash'＝'/''question'＝'?''space'＝' '~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~｡ hyphen 连字符' apostrophe 省略号；所有格符号— dash 破折号‘ ’single quotation marks 单引号“ ”double quotation m arks 双引号( ) parentheses 圆括号square brackets 方括号Angle bracket{} Brace《》French quotes 法文引号；书名号... ellipsis 省略号¨ tandem colon 双点号" ditto 同上‖ parallel 双线号／ virgule 斜线号＆ ampersand = and～ swung dash 代字号§ section; division 分节号Ⅾ arrow 箭号；参见号＋ plus 加号；正号－ minus 减号；负号ª plus or minus 正负号× is multiplied by 乘号÷ is divided by 除号＝ is equal to 等于号ↅ is not equal to 不等于号ↆ is equivalent to 全等于号ↄ is equal to or approximately equal to 等于或约等于号Ↄ is approximately equal to 约等于号＜ is less than 小于号＞ is more than 大于号↉ is not less than 不小于号↊ is not more than 不大于号ↇ is less than or equal to 小于或等于号ↈ is more than or equal to 大于或等于号％ per cent 百分之…‟ per mill 千分之…ⅵ infinity 无限大号ⅴ varies as 与…成比例ⅳ (square) root 平方根ⅿ since; b ecause 因为ⅾ hence 所以ↁ equals, as (proportion) 等于，成比例ⅶ angle 角 semicircle 半圆↋ circle 圆◈ circumference 圆周π pi 圆周率△ triangle 三角形 perpendicular to 垂直于ⅻ union of 并，合集ⅺ intersection of 交，通集ⅼ the integral of …的积分ⅲ (sigma) summation of 总和© degree 度† minute 分‡ second 秒＃number …号‣ Celsius system 摄氏度＠ at 单价x'是x prime(比如转置矩阵)x"是x double-prime数学符号大全1 几何符号ⅷⅶ↋ↆↄ△‖2 代数符号ⅴⅸⅹ～ⅼↅↇↈↃⅵↀ3运算符号×÷ⅳª4集合符号ⅻⅺⅰⅰↇↈ⊆⊂5特殊符号ⅲπ（圆周率）6推理符号|a| ↂ△ⅶⅺⅻↅↆªↈↇⅰⅬⅭⅮⅯ↖↗↘↙ⅷⅸⅹ&; §←↑→↓↔↕↖↗ΓΓΘΛΞΟΠΦΥΦΧαβγδεδεζηθικλμνπξζηυθχψωⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅥⅦⅧⅨⅩⅪⅫ﹪﹫ﹰﹱﹲﹳⅰⅱⅲ↚ⅳⅴⅵ↛ⅶ↜ⅷⅸⅹⅺⅻⅼⅽⅾⅿↀↁↂↃↄ↝ↅↆↇↈ↞↟↉↊？↋↠‣上述符号所表示的意义和读法（中英文参照）＋plus 加号；正号－minus 减号；负号±plus or minus 正负号×is multiplied by 乘号÷is divided by 除号＝is equal to 等于号≠ is not equal to 不等于号≡ is equivalent to 全等于号ↄis approximately equal to 约等于≈ is approximately equal to 约等于号＜is less than 小于号＞is more than 大于号≤ is less than or equal to 小于或等于≥ is more than or equal to 大于或等于％per cent 百分之…∞ infinity 无限大号√ (square) root 平方根X squared X的平方X cubed X的立方ⅿsince; because 因为ⅾhence 所以ⅶangle 角semicircle 半圆↋circle 圆○ circumference 圆周△triangle 三角形perpendicular to 垂直于ⅻintersection of 并，合集∩ union of 交，通集∫ the integral of …的积分∑ (sigma) summation of 总和°degree 度′ minute 分〃second 秒＃number …号＠at 单价符号意义ⅵ无穷大PI 圆周率|x| 函数的绝对值ⅻ集合并ⅺ集合交ↈ大于等于ↇ小于等于ↆ恒等于或同余ln(x) 自然对数lg(x) 以2为底的对数log(x) 常用对数floor(x) 上取整函数ceil(x) 下取整函数x mod y 求余数{x} 小数部分 x - floor(x)ⅼf(x)δx 不定积分ⅼ[a:b]f(x)δx a到b的定积分[P] P为真等于1否则等于0ⅲ[1ↇkↇn]f(k) 对n进行求和,可以拓广至很多情况如：ⅲ[n is prime][n < 10]f(n)ⅲⅲ[1ↇiↇjↇn]n^2lim f(x) (x->?) 求极限f(z) f关于z的m阶导函数C(n:m) 组合数,n中取mP(n:m) 排列数m|n m整除nmn m与n互质a ⅰ A a属于集合A#A 集合A中的元素个数ⅰⅱⅲⅳⅵⅶ↜ⅷⅸⅹⅺⅻⅼⅽⅾⅿↂↃↄↅↆↇↈ↞↟？↋ •数学符号大全收藏运算符： ± × ÷ ↀ∫ ⅽↆↄ≈ ↂⅴ↝≠ ↆ≤ ≥ ↞↟↉↊／√ ‰ ∑ ∏ ＆关系运算符：ⅸⅹ集合符号：ⅻⅺⅰ↜⊆序号：←↑→↓↔↕↖↗ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅥⅦⅧⅨⅩⅪⅫ﹪﹫ﹰﹱﹲﹳ≈㈠㈡㈢㈣㈤㈥㈦㈧㈨㈩其它：～ ± × ÷ ∑ⅻⅺⅰ√ⅷⅶ↋ↆↄ≈ↂ≠↉↊≤≥∞ⅿⅾ☈☇‣｟‰☆★○●◉◇◆□■△▲ⅮⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅥⅦⅧⅨⅩⅪⅫ＊ΟαβγδεζηθικλμνξποστυφχψωΑ Β Γ Δ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Ωα β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ μ ν ξ π ο σ τ υ φ χψ ωⅬⅭⅮⅯ↖↗↘↙∞ ⅾⅿↀↁ° ′ ″ ‣▝↠△↋ⅶⅷ〓〔〈〉《》「」『』〕〖【】（）［］｛｝ﹶ§ № •＃＆＠☆★○● ◉△▲◇◆□ ■〒▙▛▚▘☇☈ⅬⅭⅮⅯ↖↗↘↙ⅰ∏∑↠∕√ⅴ∞↛ⅶ↜ⅷⅸⅹⅺⅻ∫ⅽⅾⅿↀↁↂ≈ↄ↝≠ↆ≤≥↞↟↉↊﹞﹟﹠﹡﹢﹣﹤﹥﹦﹨﹩！﹖﹗＂＃＄％＆＇＊＼＾＿｀｜～｟｠ﹴ｡｢▝↋▔▕■□▲△▖▗◆◇◈◉●▘▙▚▛★☆▜☇☈、。
常用英文数学式符号的读法
⼀、⼀般符号对应的英⽂单词 ． period 句号 ， comma 逗号 ： colon 冒号 ； semicolon 分号 ！ exclamation 惊叹号 ？ question mark 问号 ─ hyphen 连字符 ’ apostrophe 省略号；所有格符号 — dash 破折号 ‘’single quotation marks 单引号 “”double quotation marks 双引号 ( ) parentheses 圆括号 [ ] square brackets ⽅括号 《》French quotes 法⽂引号；书名号 ... ellipsis 省略号 ¨ tandem colon 双点号 " ditto 同上 ‖ parallel 平⾏ ／ virgule 斜线号 ＆ ampersand = and ～ swung dash 代字号 § section; division 分节号 → arrow 箭号；参见号 ＋ plus 加号；正号 － minus 减号；负号 ± plus or minus 正负号 × is multiplied by or cross 叉乘 ÷ is divided by 除号 ＝ is equal to 等于号 ≠ is not equal to 不等于号 ≡ is equivalent to 全等于号 ≌ is equal to or approximately equal to 等于或约等于号 ≈ is approximately equal to 约等于号 ＜ is less than ⼩于号 ＞ is more than （is greater than在数学中更常⽤）⼤于号 ≮ is not less than 不⼩于号 ≯ is not more than 不⼤于号 ≤ is less than or equal to ⼩于或等于号 ≥ is more than or equal to ⼤于或等于号 ％ per cent 百分之… ‰ per mill 千分之… ∞ infinity ⽆限⼤号 ∝ varies as 与…成⽐例 √ (square) root 平⽅根 ∵ since; because 因为 ∴ hence 所以 ∷ equals, as (proportion) 等于，成⽐例 ∠ angle ⾓ ⌒ semicircle 半圆 ⊙ circle 圆 ○ circumference 圆周 π pi 圆周率 △ triangle 三⾓形 ⊥ perpendicular to 垂直于；另外normal to，right to也都有垂直的意思。
一些数学符号的英文读法
一些数学符号的英文读法＜is less than＞is more than≮is not less than≯is not more than≤is less than or equal to 小于或等于号- hyphen 连字符≥is more than or equal to 大于或等于号' apostrophe 省略号,英文中省略字符用的撇号;所有格符号％percent－dash 破折号‰per mille∞infinity 无限大号∝varies as 与…成比例( ) parentheses 圆括号√(square) root 平方根[ ] square brackets 方括号∵since; because 因为《》French quotes 法文引号;书名号∴hence 所以…ellipsis 省略号∷equals, as (proportion) 等于，成比例¨ tandem colon 双点号∠angle 角∶ditto 双点号≲semicircle 半圆‖parallel 双线号≰circle 圆／virgule 斜线号○circumference 圆周～swung dash 代字号△triangle 三角形§ section; division 分节号≱perpendicular to 垂直于→arrow 箭号；参见号∪union of 并，合集∩intersection of 交，通集∫the integral of …的积分±plus or minus 正负号∑summation of 总和×is multiplied by 乘号° degree 度÷is divided by 除号′minute 分″second 秒≠is not equal to 不等于号≡is equivalent to 全等于号℃Celsius degree 摄氏度≌is equal to or approximately equal to 等于或约等于号。
数学符号英文对照表
1．Professional Basics Knowledge1/21/32/31/41/1001/1000 113/3244320.25＋－±×÷＝≈( ) [ ] { }≢≣∞∵∴→x＋y (a + b ) a = ba ≠b a ±b a ≈b a ＞b a ＞＞b a ≣b a ＜b a ＜＜b a ≢b a ⊥b x →∞a ≡b ∟a a half, one halfa third, one thirdtwo thirdsa quarter, one quarter , a fourth, one fourtha (one) hundredtha (one) thousandthone hundred and thirteen over three hundred and twenty four four and two thirdszero (0, naught) point two fiveplus, positiveminus, negativeplus or minusmultiplied by, timesdivided bybe equal to, equalsbe approximately equal to, approximately equalsround brackets; parenthesessquare (angular) bracketsbracesless than or equal tomore than or equal toinfinitybecausethereforemaps intox plus ybracket a plus b bracket closeda equals b, a is equal to b, a is ba is not equal to b, a is not ba plus or minus ba is approximately equal to ba is greater than ba is much [far] greater than ba is greater than or equal to ba is less than ba is much less than ba is less than or equal to ba is perpendicular to bx approaches infinitya is identically equal to b, a is of identity to bangle aa ～ba ∠ba ∝ bx 2x 3x3x %2%‰5‰㏒n x㏒10x㏒e x,㏑xe x ,exp(x)x nx1/n or n xsincostg, tanctg, cotsc, seccsc, cosecsin -1 arcsincos -1 ,arcossinhcosh∑∑=ni ix 1∏∏=ni ix 1∣x ∣xb ’b ’’ the difference between a and b a is parallel to b a varies directly as b x square; x squared; the square of x~, the second power of x, x to second power x cube; x cubed; the cube of x; the third power of x, x to the third power the square root of x the cube root of x percent two percent per mill five per mill log x to the base n log x to the base 10; common logarithm log x to the base e , natural logarithm, Napierian logarithm exponential function of x; e to the power x the nth power of x; x to the power n the nth root of x, x to the power one over n sine cosine tangent cotangent secont cosecant arc sine arc cosine the hyperbolic sine the hyperbolic cosine the summation of the summation of x sub i ,where i goes from 1 to n the product of the product of x sub i , where i goes from 1to n the absolute value of x the mean value of x, x bar b primeb double prime; b second primeb ’’’ f(x) △ x, δx dx dx dy 22dx y d n n dx y d u y ∂∂ ⎰ ⎰⎰ ⎰…⎰ ⎰b aF a 22007’13’’00C1000C320Fb triple primefunction f of xfinite difference or incrementthe increment of xdee x; dee of x; differential xthe differential coefficient of y with respect to x, the first derivative of y with respect of xthe second derivative of y with respect of xthe nth derivative of y with respect of xThe partial derivative of y with respect of u, where y is a function of u and another variable (or variables)integral ofdouble integral ofn-fold integral ofintegral between limits a and b (…from a to b)vector F a sub two twenty degreesseven minutes; seven feetthirteen seconds; thirteen inches zero degree Centigrade [Celsius]one [a] hundred degrees Centigrade thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit。
数学符号
、希腊字母：α——阿尔法β——贝塔γ——伽马Δ——德尔塔ξ——可sei ψ——可赛ω——奥秘噶μ——米哟λ——南木打σ——西格玛τ——套φ——fai2、数学运算符：∑—连加号∏—连乘号∪—并∩—补∈—属于∵—因为∴—所以√—根号‖—平行⊥—垂直∠—角⌒—弧⊙—圆∝—正比于∞—无穷∫—积分≈—约等≡—恒等3、三角函数：sin—赛因cos—考赛因tan—叹近体cot—考叹近体sec—赛看近体csc —考赛看近体序号大写小写英文注音国际音标注音中文注音1 Α α alpha a:lf 阿尔法2 Β β beta bet 贝塔3 Γ γ gamma ga:m 伽马4 Δ δ delta delt 德尔塔5 Ε ε epsilon ep`silon 伊普西龙6 Ζ ζ zeta zat 截塔7 Η η eta eit 艾塔8 Θ θ thet θit 西塔9 Ι ι iot aiot 约塔10 Κ κ k appa kap 卡帕11 Λ λ lambda lambd 兰布达12 Μ μ mu mju 缪13 Ν ν nu nju 纽14 Ξ ξ xi ksi 克西15 Ο ο omicron omik`ron 奥密克戎16 Π π pi pai 派17 Ρ ρ rho rou 肉18 Σ σ sigma `sigma 西格马19 Τ τ tau tau 套20 Υ υ upsilon jup`silon 宇普西龙21 Φ φ phi fai 佛爱22 Χ χ c hi phai 西23 Ψ ψ psi psai 普西24 Ω ω omega o`miga 欧米伽希腊字母的正确读法是什么？1 Α α alpha a:lf 阿尔法2 Β β beta bet 贝塔3 Γ γ gamma ga:m 伽马4 Δ δ delta delt 德尔塔5 Ε ε epsilon ep`silon 伊普西龙6 Ζ ζ zeta zat 截塔7 Η η eta eit 艾塔8 Θ θ thet θit 西塔9 Ι ι iot aiot 约塔10 Κ κ kappa kap 卡帕11 ∧λ lambda lambd 兰布达12 Μ μ mu mju 缪13 Ν ν nu nju 纽磁阻系数14 Ξ ξ xi ksi 克西15 Ο ο omicron omik`ron 奥密克戎16 ∏ π pi pai 派17 Ρ ρ rho rou 肉18 ∑ σ sigma `sigma 西格马19 Τ τ tau tau 套20 Υ υ upsilon jup`silon 宇普西龙21 Φ φ phi f ai 佛爱22 Χ χ chi phai 西23 Ψ ψ psi psai 普西角速；24 Ω ω omega o`miga 欧米伽希腊字母读法Αα：阿尔法AlphaΒβ：贝塔BetaΓγ：伽玛GammaΔδ：德尔塔DelteΕε：艾普西龙Epsilonζ ：捷塔ZetaΖη：依塔EtaΘθ：西塔ThetaΙι：艾欧塔IotaΚκ：喀帕Kappa∧λ：拉姆达LambdaΜμ：缪MuΝν：拗NuΞξ：克西XiΟο：欧麦克轮Omicron∏π：派PiΡρ：柔Rho∑σ：西格玛SigmaΤτ：套TauΥυ：宇普西龙UpsilonΦφ：fai PhiΧχ：器ChiΨψ：普赛PsiΩω：欧米伽Omega数学符号大全2008年01月29日星期二 15:25因为自然科学的讨论经常要用到数学，但用文本方式只能表达L!t d5w x r ^ |$s Y 左右结构的数学公式，上下结构、根式、指数等都很难表达。
各种数学符号和表达式的英文读法
各种数学符号和表达式的英文读法.txt52每个人都一条抛物线，天赋决定其开口，而最高点则需后天的努力。
没有秋日落叶的飘零，何来新春绿芽的饿明丽？只有懂得失去，才会重新拥有。
各种数学符号和表达式的英文读法一、一般符号对应的英文单词．period 句号，comma 逗号：colon 冒号；semicolon 分号！exclamation 惊叹号？question mark 问号￣hyphen 连字符'apostrophe 省略号；所有格符号—dash 破折号‘ ’single quotat ion marks 单引号“ ”double quotation marks 双引号( )parentheses 圆括号[ ]square brackets 方括号《》French quotes 法文引号；书名号...ellipsis 省略号¨tandem colon 双点号"ditto 同上‖parallel 平行／virgule 斜线号＆ampersand = and～swung dash 代字号§section; division 分节号→arrow 箭号；参见号＋plus 加号；正号－minus 减号；负号ªplus or minus 正负号×is multiplied by or cross 叉乘÷is divided by 除号＝is equal to 等于号≠is not equal to 不等于号≡is equivalent to 全等于号≌is equal to or approximately equal to 等于或约等于号≈is approximately equal to 约等于号＜is less than 小于号＞is more than （is greater than在数学中更常用）大于号≤is not less than 不小于号≥is not more than 不大于号≢is less than or equal to 小于或等于号≣is more than or equal to 大于或等于号％per cent 百分之…‟per mill 千分之…∞infinity 无限大号∝varies as 与…成比例√(square) root 平方根∵since; because 因为∴hence 所以∷equals, as (proportion) 等于，成比例∟angle 角≨semicircle 半圆≦circle 圆○circumference 圆周πpi 圆周率△triangle 三角形≧perpendicular to 垂直于；另外normal to，right to也都有垂直的意思。
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Karp reduction is Karp reducible to; is polynomial-time many-one reducible to computational complexity theory proportionality is proportional to; varies y as everywhere Karp reduction [2] is Karp reducible to; is A B means the problem A can be polynomial-time many-one reducible to polynomially reduced to the problem B. computational complexity theory addition plus; add 4 + 6 means the sum of 4 and 6. arithmetic 2+7=9 x means that y = kx for some constant k. if y = 2 x , then y x. L1 L2 means that the problem L1 is Karp reducible to L2 .[1] If L1 L2 and L2 P, then L1 P.
Table of mathematical symbols - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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s
Table of mathematical symbols
x •á e x
3 i 4 and 5 i 5 5 ? 4 and 5 ? 5
i
subgroup
is a subgroup of
?
group theory reduction is reducible to A i B means the problem A can be reduced to the problem B. Subscripts can be added to the i computational to indicate what kind of reduction. complexity theory
ring theory This may also be written R* as described below, or U( R). multiplication times; multiplied by 3 ? 4 means the multiplication of 3 by 4. arithmetic dot product dot u ? v means the dot product of vectors u and v linear algebra (1,2,5) ? (3,4,?1) = 6 2 R 4 = .5 6 R 3 or 6 R 3 means the division of 6 by 3. 12 R 4 = 3 G / H means the quotient of group G modulo its {0, a, 2 a , b , b + a, b+2 a } / {0, b } = {{0, b }, { subgroup H. {2 a , b +2 a }} 7 ? 8 = 56
3<4 5>4
5Z < Z A 3 < S3
0.003 •á 1000000
•á
•â
of smaller (greater) order than (This is I. M. Vinogradov 's notation. Another analytic number theory notation is the Big O notation , which looks like f = O( g ).) x i y means x is less than or equal to y . inequality is less than or equal to, is greater than or equal to x ? y means x is greater than or equal to y. (The forms <= and >= are generally used in order theory programming languages where ease of typing and use of ASCII text is preferred.) H i G means H is a subgroup of G.
If L1
L2 and L2
P , then L1
P.
+
disjoint union A1 = {3, 4, 5, 6} ? A2 = {7, 8, 9, 10} the disjoint union of ... A1 + A2 means the disjoint union of sets A1 and A1 + A2 = {(3,1), (4,1), (5,1), (6,1), (7,2), (8,2), (9,2), and ... A2 . (10,2)} set theory subtraction minus; take; subtract arithmetic 9 ? 4 means the subtraction of 4 from 9. 8?3=5
Explanation
Examples
I
2+tical symbols - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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7 ? 8 = 56
{1,2} ? {3,4} = {(1,3),(1,4),(2,3),(2,4)}
?
set theory cross product cross linear algebra group of units the group of units of R? consists of the set of units of the ring R , along with the operation of multiplication. u ? v means the cross product of vectors u and v (1,2,5) ? (3,4,?1) = (?22, 16, ? 2)
Symbol Symbol
in HTML in TEX
Name Read as Category equality x = y means x and y do represent the same thing is equal to; equals or value. everywhere inequality is not equal to; does not equal (The forms !=, /= or <> are generally used in everywhere x I y means that x and y do not represent the same thing or value. 2=2 1+1=2
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
1 Common symbols 2 Standardization 3 See also 4 Variations 5 References 6 External links
Common symbols
This is a listing of common symbols found within all branches of mathematics . Each symbol is listed in both HTML, which depends on appropriate fonts to be installed, and in TEX, as an image. This list is incomplete ; you can help by expanding it (/w/index.php?title=Table_of_mathematical_symbols& action=edit ) .
s
programming languages where ease of typing and use of ASCII text is preferred. ) strict inequality
< >
x < y means x is less than y. is less than, is greater than x > y means x is greater than y . order theory proper subgroup is a proper subgroup of H < G means H is a proper subgroup of G. group theory (very) strict inequality x •á y means x is much less than y. is much less than, is much greater than x •â y means x is much greater than y . order theory asymptotic comparison f •á g means the growth of f is asymptotically bounded by g.