名词性从句讲义精简版
名词性从句
定义:在句中承担名词的作用
一、分类
找出句子的谓语动词和分析句子的成分?思考名词可以做那些成分?
阿甘正传
The movie is so moving and encouraging.
I appreciate his mother.
Gump is a real man.
I enjoy the part, the warm end.
① What I saw repeatedly is so moving and encouraging.
②I appreciate what his mother said.
③Gump is who we should learn from.
④I enjoy the part that a feather is flying in the sky.
观察下面的句子,判断分别是什么从句?
1. 主语从句:在主从复合句中作主语的从句,形式为:主从+谓语+其他(或者it作形式主语)。
2. 宾语从句:在主从复合句中作宾语的从句,形式:及物动词+宾从,
介词+宾从,形容词+宾从。
3. 表语从句:在主从复合句中作表语的从句,常跟在系动词之后,说明主语的状态、内容、特征和身份等。形式为:主语+系动词+表语从句。
4. 同位语从句:在主从复合句中作名词的同位语的从句,常用在抽象名词后,解释说明抽象名词的内容。
二、识别(看左边原则)
句首/it +主语从句
1 动宾/介宾/形宾/ + 宾语从句
系动词+表语从句
抽象名词+同位语从句
主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句
主从+Vt
(1)句首
(2)句尾(it) Vt + 宾从
动宾
介宾
形宾
系动词+表从 n(抽象)+同从
(1)主句完整
(2)主句(抽象名词)+从句
指出下列各名词性从句的种类
1. I know whatever he did. (宾语从句)
2. She wondered if the buses would still be running. (宾语从句)
3. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far. (表从)
4. She watched out for that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat. (宾从)
5. When we will start is not clear. (主从)
6. I had no idea who her best friend was. (同位)
三、连接词
类别 功能 例词
从属
连词 指起连接作用,
不充当从句中的任何成分 that,
whether, if
连接
代词 既起连接作用,
本身又作从句的成分 what, whatever, (主,宾,表,定)
who,whoever(主,宾,表)
whom, whomever (宾)
which, whichever,(主,宾,定)
whose, (定)
连接
副词 既起连接作用,
本身又作从句的状语 when, whenever,
where, wherever,
how, however
why,
2 四、解题技巧
1. 划从句
2. 判成分
3. 定连词(顺句意)
五、高频考点
(一)that引导的定语从句与同位语从句
区别 语义 that when/where/why
定语从句 从句位于先行词后,起修饰限定的作用 在从句作主语、宾语、表语,可省 意义与先行词一致
同位语从句 从句位于抽象名词后,对名词起补充说明的作用 从句结构完整,不作任何成分,只起连接作用,不可省 需要翻译出来
如:
Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming
Christmas.
Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago.
解析:在句①中,that引导同位语从句解释说明promise的内容,that不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,而在句②中,that在其引导的定语从句中作动词visited的宾语,对先行词the chicken farm起修饰作用。
常接同位语从句的抽象名词有:
belief 信念 with the exception …除外
explanation 解释 doubt 怀疑
idea 主意 hope 希望
opinion 观点 news 消息
thought 想法 possibility 可能性
truth 事实 wish 愿望
question 问题 fact 事实
problem 问题 promise 诺言
report 报道 reply 答复
advice 建议 suggestion 建议
word 消息 warning 警告
3 练习题
The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.(同从)
The news that he told us was exciting.(定从)
(二)名词性从句中,关于it作形式主语和形式宾语的易错点
1. 形式主语
(1) It+系动词+形容词+that从句。常见的形容词有:
necessary 必要的 certain 明确的
right 正确的 clear 清晰的
(un)likely (不)可能的 possible 可能的
strange 奇怪的 obvious 明显的
natural 自然的 important 重要的
e.g.
It is necessary that a college student (should) master one or two foreign languages.
It is strange that you (should) trust Jane.
(2)It+系动词+名词+that从句。常用于这种结构的名词有:
a pity 遗憾 a honor 荣耀
a shame 令人遗憾的事 a wonder 奇迹
good news 好消息 no wonder 难怪
a fact 事实 no surprise 不奇怪
It is a pity that you didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.
It is no wonder that you’ve achieved so much success.
(3)It+ be+过去分词+that从句。常用于这种结构的过去分词有:
said 据说 told 有人告诉
heard 有人听说 reported 据报道
decided 作出决定 suggested 有人建议
advised 有人建议 ordered 根据命令
remembered 有人记得 thought 有人认为
considered 认为 well-known 很著名
hoped 有人希望 announced 据宣布
It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.
4 It is generally considered that boys are better at science than girls.
注:It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/demanded +that+主语(should)+动词原形+其它。
e.g. It is suggested that you(should) spend more time in studying English.
(4)It+动词(+宾语或状语)+that从句。常用于这种结构的动词有:
seem 显得 happen 碰巧
matter 重要 occur 出现
hit 突然 strike 突然
It happened to me that I was away when he called.
It occurred to me that we should get in touch with the manager.
2. 形式宾语
1) 动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe, guess, suppose, assume等后有宾语补足语时,要用it作形式宾语,而把that引导的宾语从句后置。
e.g. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.
I have made it rule that I keep diaries.
We think it possible that you can finish the job today.
2)谓语动词 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make等接由if或when 引导的宾语从句时往往在从句前加上形式宾语it. 例如:
I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party.
3)动词hare, take, hide, punish, put等,后接由that 引导的宾语从句式,往往在从句前加形式宾语it. 例如:
① I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon.
② we punished it that we had finished the project ahead of time.
4)短语动词answer for, count on depend on, insist on, see to等后接有that引导的宾语从句时,必须冠以形式宾语it. 例如:
① I’m counting on it that you will come.
② She’ll see to it that he goes ahead.
语法精讲3-名词性从句
名词性从句
一、引导名词性从句的连接词
分类
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连词(5个):that (宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略)
whether, if (均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)
as if ,as though (均表示“好像”,“似乎”)
以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词(9个):what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose,
which, whichever
连接副词(7个):when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however
不可省略的连词:
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较
whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,只可用whether:
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 常与 "or not" 连用;if 则不可。
5. 引导同位语从句
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
二. 主语从句
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if,as if和because等连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever,whom等以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。because引导表语从句。注:whom、who指人,what指物,whatever,whoever表示泛指意义。例如:
名词性从句讲义1
.实用文档.
. 名词性从句讲义
一. 名词性从句
在句子中起名词性作用的从句叫做名词性从句(Noun Clauses). 名词性从句在句中的作用相当于名词或名词短语, 在复合句中担当主语, 宾语, 表语和同位语等. 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能可分为: 主语从句,
宾语从句, 表语从句和同位语从句.
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三种:
连接词: that, whether, if (不在从句中做任何成分)
连接代词: what, who, whom, which, whose和wh+ever (通常在从句中做主语,宾语,表语等)
连接副词: when, where, why, how以及wh/h+ever(通常在从句中做状语)
二.主语从句
1.概念: 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句.
2.连接词:
that只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身没有词义,不可省略
whether 连接主句和从句, 在从句中不担任任何成分, 但本身有选择或是否的含义
whether与if 区别
〔一〕引导宾语从句,一般既可用whether也可用if。但
1 or not放在whether之后时,只能用whether不用if。
I don’t know whether or not he will come.
我不知道他是不是回来。
注1:如果or not放在whether所引导的从句句尾,那么可以用if来替换。
I don’t know whether/if he will come or
not.我不知道他是不是回来。
2 在强调任意选择时,用whether…or,此时不用if替换whether。 He asked me whether I wanted to go there by
train or by bus.他问我是想乘火车还是坐公共汽车去那里。
注:whether和or一起还有“不管〞之意,引导让步状语从句。
名词性从句讲义精简版
名词性从句
定义:在句中承担名词的作用
一、分类
找出句子的谓语动词和分析句子的成分?思考名词可以做那些成分?
阿甘正传
The movie is so moving and encouraging.
I appreciate his mother.
Gump is a real man.
I enjoy the part, the warm end.
① What I saw repeatedly is so moving and encouraging.
②I appreciate what his mother said.
③Gump is who we should learn from.
④I enjoy the part that a feather is flying in the sky.
观察下面的句子,判断分别是什么从句?
1. 主语从句:在主从复合句中作主语的从句,形式为:主从+谓语+其他(或者it作形式主语)。
2. 宾语从句:在主从复合句中作宾语的从句,形式:及物动词+宾从,
介词+宾从,形容词+宾从。
3. 表语从句:在主从复合句中作表语的从句,常跟在系动词之后,说明主语的状态、内容、特征和身份等。形式为:主语+系动词+表语从句。
4. 同位语从句:在主从复合句中作名词的同位语的从句,常用在抽象名词后,解释说明抽象名词的内容。
二、识别(看左边原则)
句首/it +主语从句
1 动宾/介宾/形宾/ + 宾语从句
系动词+表语从句
抽象名词+同位语从句
主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句
主从+Vt
(1)句首
(2)句尾(it) Vt + 宾从
动宾
介宾
形宾
系动词+表从 n(抽象)+同从
(1)主句完整
(2)主句(抽象名词)+从句
指出下列各名词性从句的种类
1. I know whatever he did. (宾语从句)
2. She wondered if the buses would still be running. (宾语从句)
版同位语从句属于名词性从句
版同位语从句属于名词性从句
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同位语从句属于名词性从句,大多由附属连词that指引,经常跟在fact,idea,opinion,news,hope,belief等名词后边。同位语从句一般用来解说或说明这些名词的详细含义或内容,在逻辑上表现为同位关系。比如:
Theyarefamiliarwiththeopinionthatallmatterconsistsofatoms. 他们很熟
悉这一看法,所有的物质都是由原子组成的。
1、从先行词来看
同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是"主语+be+表语"的关系。该名词是需要做特别说明的抽象名词。比如:
Theyweredelightedatthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.当听到他们的球队赢了的信息时,他们惊喜若狂。
2、从指引词来看
指引词that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连结作用,无详细词义,that不行省略;that在定语从句中是关系代词,它在从句中充任必定成分---主语或宾语,有详细词意,作宾语时还能够省略。试比较:
Thefactory(that)wevisitedyesterdayisachemicalone.我们昨天观光的那家工厂是化工厂。(that在从句中作宾语,所以此句是宾语从句)
ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue. 他将要去上海的信息
是真的。(that 只起连结从句的作用,所以此句是同谓语从句 )
同位语从句解说及练习
一、理解同位语从句的含义,掌握同位语从句的本质
在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。 同位语从句一般用 t
hat,whether ,what,which,who,when,where,why,how 等词指引,常放在
fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish,promise,an
名词性从句讲义
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教学内容
名词性从句
1. 名词性从句种类及作用
2. 引导词的种类及作用
种类 作用 例句
主语从句 相当于名词,在复合句中做主句的主语(其位置一般在谓语动词之前,但多数情况用it做形式主语,而把主语从句放在主句之后,) That the earth goes around the sun is known to all.(= It is known to all
that the earth goes round the sun.)地球绕太阳转是众所周知的。
When and where he was born is a secret.
他生于何时何地是个谜。
It is certain that she will do well in her exam.可以肯定她会考得很好。
表语从句 相当于名词,在复合句中做主句的表语,位于主句的系动词之后。 That is why I didn't come yesterday. 那就是我昨天没来的原因。
The question is whether he will come or not.
问题是他是否来不来。
宾语从句 相当于名词,在复合句中做主语的宾语。 He asked me whom I was waiting for. 他问我在等谁。
Could you tell me if Mr. Li lives here? 你能告诉我李先生是否住在这?
同位语从句 一般跟在某些抽象名词后(如news, promise, idea, suggestion,
名词性从句讲义 2
名词性从句讲义
1. 名词性从句,即指性质相当于名词的从句,它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句的词序与陈述句语序相同。
That the driver could not control his war was obvious.
It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.
The trouble is that we are short of money.
Go and get your coat. It’s where you left it.
He will have to pay for what he has done.
Word came that Napoleon would come to inspect them.
2.名词性从句的一般引导词
1). 连接词 that 只起连接作用,没有任何意思,也不充当句子成分,在宾语从句中可省略,但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。
I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好。
That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。
2). 连接词 whether 也不充当句子成分,但有自己的意思,表示“是否”;引导宾语从句时,可换成 if,但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成 if。
He asked whether/if I would show him the way.
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. (引导主语从句,不能用 if 代替 whether)
3). 连接代词 who(m), whose, which, what 等,均有各自的意义,在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如:
名词性从句讲解与练习
名词性从句(Noun Clause)
名词性从句定义:
起名词性作用的从句,叫名词性从句。
换言之,在英语的句子结构中,本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语部分,换由一个句子来充当,这样的句子就是名词性从句。
名词性从句的种类:
1. 主语从句:在复合句中充当主语的从句。
e.g. That price will go up is certain.
2. 宾语从句:在复合句中作宾语的从句 (位于及物动词,介词和形容词后)。
e.g. We hope that you will enjoy your stay here.
3. 表语从句:在复合句中作表语的从句,放在系动词之后。
e.g. The reason was that he didn’t work hard.
4. 同位语从句:在复合句中作名词的同位语的从句。
e.g. He accepted the fact that she would never come back.
名词性从句的引导词
引导词 名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)
词义 在从句中充当的成分
从属连词
that 无词义 不作成分,只起连接作用
whether / if 是否 不作成分,只起连接作用
连接代词
what 什么,所…的 主语、宾语
which 哪个 主语、宾语、定语
who 谁 主语、宾语、表语
whom 谁 宾语、表语
whose 谁的 定语
whatever, whoever,
whomever 无论什么/谁 主语、宾语、表语
连接副词
how 如何,怎么样 程度状语
when 什么时候 时间状语
where 什么地方 地点状语
why 为什么 原因状语
whenever, wherever 无论何时/何处 状语 一、从属连词:that/whether/if
1、That we will realize our dreams in the future is certain . ( )
英语名词性从句精讲
英语名词性从句精讲
一、概述
在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此,我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。
It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international
language. 事实上英语作为国际语言正为世人所接受。(主语从句)
The trouble is that she has lost his address.麻烦的是她把他的地址搞丢了。(表语从句)
They have no idea at all where he has gone.他们不知道他去什么地方了。(同位语从句)
Do you remember how he came? 你记得他怎么来的么?(宾语从句)
二、语序
当名词性从句要采用陈述句语序。由一个含疑问意义的连词引起时,必须将该连词放在名词性从句的开头,且该从句语序不能倒装。
What we can't get seems better than what we have.我们得不到的似乎比我们所拥有的要好。
The photographs will show you what our village looks like.这些照片将向你展示我们村庄的面貌。
Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring? 你能肯定爱丽丝放金戒指的地方吗?
No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years.
没有人肯定一百万年后人类会是什么样子。
He asked how much I paid for the violin.他问我花了多少钱买这个小提琴。
三、 时态的呼应
名词性从句特别是宾语从句中谓语动词的时态要与主句中谓语动词时态要相呼应,主要有下列几种情况:
三大从句精简版 带答案
三大从句精简版
定语从句专项练习题
1. Is this the factory ¬¬¬______ you visited the other day?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
2. Is this factory ______ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A. that B. where C. which D. the one
3. Is this the factory ______ he worked ten years ago?
A. that B. where C. which D. the one
4. The wolves hid themselves in the places ______ couldn’t be found.
A. that B. where C. in which D. in that
5. The freezing point is the temperature ______ water changes into ice.
A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what
6. I’ll tell you ______ he told me last week.
A. all which B. that C. all that D. which
7. That tree, ______ branches are almost bare, is very old.
A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which
(完整版)名词性从句
1 名词性从句
一.概述:在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中的语法作用,这类从句又可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
二.名词性从句连接词
1.连词(只起连接作用,不做成分)
that 没有实在意义,
whether 翻译为“是否”,可以引导各类名词性从句,可以和or,or not连用
if 翻译为“是否”,多引导宾语从句。注意if跟whether的区别。
注:if“如果”还可以引导条件状语从句。
as if /though 翻译为“好像”,在名词性从句中只能引导表语从句。
注:as if /though“好像”还可以引导方式状语从句。
because 翻译为“因为”, 在名词性从句中只能引导表语从句。
注:because“因为”还可以引导原因状语从句。
2.连接代词(既起连接作用,而且充当句子成分,都有各自的含义)
who “谁”在从句中作主语,表语。可引导各类名词性从句
whom “谁”在从句中作宾语。可引导各类名词性从句
which “(特定范围内的)哪一个/些”在从句中充当主语,宾语,定语。不引导同位语从句。
what “什么 ,什么样的”有疑问含义。在从句中充当主语,表语,宾语,定语。可以引导各类名词性从句
“所…….的”或“…..的事物/东西/人/样子/地方等”。无疑问含义,在从句中作主语,宾语,表语。一般不引导同位语从句
“多少”提问“价格,人口等”
whose “谁的”在从句中作定语。多引导宾语从句。
whoever “无论谁”无疑问含义。在从句中作主语,表语。引导名词性从句时在含义上相当于anyone who
注:还可以引导让步状语从句。此时可与no matter who 互换
whomever “无论谁”无疑问含义。在从句中作宾语。引导名词性从句时在含义上相当于anyone who
whichever “(特定范围内的)无论哪一个/一些”无疑问含义。在从句中作宾语,定语。
