【优质】上海市嘉定区2019届高三二模英语试卷

2018学年度嘉定区高三年级第二次质量调研英语试卷（满分140分考试时间120分钟）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A （10分）Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a hotel. B. At a travel agency.C. At an airport.D. At a police station.2. A. Customer and travel agent. B. Guide and tourist.C. Customer and shop assistant.D. Trainer and trainee.3. A. Travel agency. B. Tour news.C. A job opportunity.D. Sales strategies.4. A. Join the club himself. B. Persuade the member not to quit.C. Attend the next club meeting.D. Look for someone to fill the position.5. A. Sending an e-mail. B. Talking on the phone.C. Working in an office.D. Doing spelling practice.6. A. He is sorry for the woman’s absence.B. He is worried about their trip expense.C. He suggests the woman bring her daughter.D. He suggests the woman visit the university.7. A. The man can change his room later. B. She has no spare room for a change.C. The hotel’s business is now very good.D. She’s busy with her business right now.8. A. She’s flying to Hong Kong. B. She’s going to say goodbye t o Bill.C. She’s going to buy an airplane ticket.D. She’s leaving for Hong Kong with Bill.9. A. Youngsters don’t really know what fashion is.B. People should care more about their appearance.C. It’s not sensible to go after brand-name clothing.D. Styles change more quickly than necessary nowadays.10. A. The woman dreams of becoming a critic someday.B. The woman is confident in the sales of her paintings.C. The man doubts that the w oman’s paintings will sell well.D. The man is concerned about critics’ comments on the show.Section B （15分）Directions:In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question youhave heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. They use types of fuel that are not allowed on land.B. It takes more energy to move through water than over land.C. Their engines are not as powerful as those of other vehicles.D. They carry large numbers of passengers and vehicles as well.12. A. They are sometimes rude to other tourists.B. They don’t have meals in local restaurants.C. They fill up the restaurants and make noise.D. They complain when the city is too crowded.13. A. A new way of travelling. B. Reasons to ban cruise ships.C. Measures against pollution.D. Problems caused by cruise ships.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To use an app to order meals. B. To know how to use a GPS signal.C. To communicate with the robot properly.D. To pay extra money for the delivery.15. A. It can move on its two feet at a very fast speed.B. It can identify the customers through its cameras.C. 3G technology enables it to fin d the customers’ houses.D. It was built by a European online take-away food company.16. A. The relationship between human and robot. B. The creative ways to use a robot.C. The world’s newest invention and technology.D. A self-driving food-delivery robot.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The approach to getting good scores. B. The effectiveness of cramming.C. The impact of a good night’s sleep on a test.D. The better way to prepare for a test.18. A. Join the woman in her study. B. Memorize everything on his notes.C. Entertain himself and have fun.D. Skip lunch and hurry to the cinema.19. A. Organize a study group and quiz herself.B. Get involved in the revision without rest.C. Review the materials earnestly as scheduled.D. Focus on the chapters assigned by the teacher.20. A. Hardworking and focused. B. Energetic but easily distracted.C. Score-oriented and efficient.D. Ambitious but readily discouraged.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A （10分）Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Eat healthier without quitting sugarNot long ago, fat was regarded as the evil for a healthy diet. Before that it was salt. Now the sugar-free diet (21) _________ (explode) onto the health scene —and seems to have topped many people’s list of New Year’s resolutions.Sugar-free diets encourage people to avoid sweeteners such as honey, soft drinks and some fruits. Some also recommend (22) _________ (restrict) dairy products. The diet’s advocate s note that excessive sugar consumption may increase the risk of heart disease and some cancers. So many sugar-free followers avoid milk, yoghurt and cheese (23) ______ ______ the assumption that these products contain sugars.It’s true we are swallowing too much of the sweet stuff, with the average American consuming around 20 teaspoons of (24) _________ (add) sugar a day. But you don’t need (25) _________ (quit) sugar for healthy eating. Quitting sugar is unlikely to improve your health any more than cutting down on over-processed foods and eating more vegetables.Research shows dieting is not effective over the long term and can lead to greater weight gain over time. The brain interprets dieting and restriction as hunger, (26) _________ causes the storage of fat. Besides, the sugar-free diet is confusing and imposes a set of rules that (27) _________ (make) up without scientific evidence. Such a restrictive diet can create food fear or an unhealthy relationship with food. People who worry about food are more likely to diet. This may be (28) _________they are worried about their weight, or about the impact certain nutrients have on their health.Through series of experiments, (29) _________ the researchers are certain about is that you can eat plenty of plants, enjoy whole grains and beans. Fruit is your friend, not your enemy. Most people could probably eat a little less sugar, a little (30) _________ (often),but you don’t have to quit it for good to be healthy.Section B （10分）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in thedifferent geographical areas of the country may not understand each other when they speak their regional dialect, they may share the same written language even if their pronunciation of different characters within that language may 38 .A 39 feature across all Chinese languages is tone. For instance, Mandarin has four tones and Cantonese has six tones. Tone, in terms of language, is the pitch(音高) in which syllables (音节) in words are spoken. In Chinese, different words 40 different keys. Some words even have pitch variations in one single syllable.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A （15分）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When Elinor Ostrom won the Nobel Prize for her research on economic governance in 2009, it was the first (and so far, the only) time a woman won a Nobel for Economics. That prize has __41__ for nearly 50 years. We don’t do a great job of recognizing women’s contributions to science and innovation. My colleagues and I wondered: Is one of the reasons why women are more likely to __42__ science than men because they don’t receive the same recognition?To understand how __43__ shapes women’s motivation to remain in science, we first had to get a good measure of the motivations. We sought to first study a highly visible__44__, prizes, because large prizes tend to be understood and appreciated by the broader public, and they also influence those who make decisions about scientific __45__ and other financial support.Our study focused on p rizes in the biomedical sciences. If we’re going to find __46__ anywhere in science, it would be in this field. Women have entered biomedicine in equal numbers to men since the early 2000s. __47__ this, of all Nobels awarded to women, a full two-thirds have been for biomedical research. Our __48__ was simple: we documented all biomedical research prizes we could find over the past five decades. We also considered the financial awards and importance associated with the prizes, as indicators of their __49__. Then we measured the percentage of prizes won by women and the association between gender and prize quality.Our initial results highlighted overall__50__ news: the proportion of biomedical prizes awarded to women has risen steadily. But when we looked at the association between gender and quality of prizes awarded, we observed a major difference: on average, women scientists win prizes associated with less money and importance than men do. Importantly, our further research suggests that there’s no __51__ that the quality or value of women-led research is any lower than that of men, as measured by citations (引用) per article, productivity, or width of research topics studied. __52__, women are catching up in terms of number of prizes won, but still fall significantly behind in regard to the importance and monetary awards associated with the prizes.The bottom line: while on the surface it may appear that the gender gap has somewhat__53__ when it comes to science prizes, great injustice is hidden just below. The problem likely __54__ beyond the borders of science. In business, for example, prizes and funding for new technologyand innovation may follow a similar pattern, helping to explain the phenomenon observed for female entrepreneurs, again __55__ by research. This is something worth examining in greater depth.41. A. remained B. awarded C. existed D. established42. A. leave B. doubt C. question D. suspect43. A. contribution B. recognition C. resolution D. promotion44. A. indicator B. substance C. confirmation D. compliment45. A. experiments B. innovation C. study D. grants46. A. gender equality B. research prospectsC. innovation patternsD. government control47. A. In line with B. Contrary to C. Compared with D. In case of48. A. concept B. outcome C. requirement D. approach49. A. improvement B. quality C. accomplishment D. reputation50. A. vague B. sudden C. good D. fundamental51. A. description B. evidence C. document D. comparison52. A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Nevertheless53. A. highlighted B. eliminated C. strengthened D. narrowed54. A. dominates B. extends C. overtakes D. justifies55. A. turned out B. taken on C. backed up D. held up Section B （22分）Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)“The history of the world is but the biography (传记) of great men,” argued Thomas Carlyle, the advocate of what has come to be known as the “Great Man Theory of History.” This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times. Whether or not Carlyle’s t heory proves true is debatable, but that certain individuals cast long shadows is not.As one who is entrusted with a leadership position, I find it profitable to read of others who have led. Wherever you find me, you’ll likely find a good biography nearb y. Why is this the case? First, I find good biographies fascinating. I’ll occasionally read a novel, but I’ve never been overly drawn to fiction. I have found myself unable to sleep while in the struggle of the Battle of Britain in William Manchester’s The Last Lion. For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life.Second, I find good biographies informative. A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. You’ll find no better account of the BritishEmpire at its peak than the opening chapters of Manchester’s Visions of Glory, volume one of his The Last Lion. Strictly speaking, a biography is but a slice of history.Third, I find good biographies relaxing. Winston Churchill once noted a man who works with his hands should have a hobby that engages his mind, and a man who works with his mind should have a hobby that engages his hands. Another way to apply Churchill’s saying is to combine technical, pen-in-hand vocational reading with leisurely biographical reading. Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world.This is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who neglects them. Don’t be counted among their number.56. What is implied in the first paragraph?A. Th e author finds Carlyle’s theory undebatable.B. Carlyle believes great men alone cannot create history.C. It is debatable whether one should read great men’s biographies.D. The author agrees that history is greatly influenced by certain men.57. What do es the underlined phrase “other items” in the third paragraph refer to?A. good biographiesB. stories of certain timesC. the volumes of The Last LionD. the chapters of the British Empire58. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The author considers biographical reading enjoyable.B. The author can travel to another world in the evening.C. The author has fought many battles during his lifetime.D. The author profits commercially by reading biographies.59. What is the author’s main p urpose in writing the article?A. To analyze the benefits of vocational reading.B. To introduce to readers his unique reading strategies.C. To present great men’s history through biography reading.D. To recommend biography reading through his own experiences.(B)Use your domestic plan when you travel in over 100 countries for $10 a day. Add International Day Pass to your existing plan before you go, then follow these tips to help manage costs and make the most of your travels:How it worksvoicemail, send a text, or use data, you will beautomatically charged $10 for 24-hour access to yourdomestic plan. During that period you can:•Use your domestic plan data to email, post on socialmedia, translate languages and more.•Make unlimited calls to countries included inInternational Day Pass.•Send unlimited texts to the world.How to help manage costs•If you are outside of a 24-hour access period and you don’t want to use your phone, turn off data roaming (漫游) to avoid being charged $10 accidentally.•Save data by connecting Wi-Fi, especially if you download, or send and receive large files.Note:INTERNATIONAL DAY P ASS: Coverage not available in all areas. Int’l Day Pass may be removed if international talk, text, or data use exceeds (超过) 50% of your total talk, text, or data use for two months.60. With the AT&T International Day Pass, ___________.A. one can make unlimited calls to any country for $10 a dayB. the phone will automatically turn on Cellular Data RoamingC. the phone calling can enjoy a favorable price, saving your costD. one can save money by using WiFi to download or send large files61. According to the travel tips, which of the following is TRUE?A. Without International Day Pass, one cannot make phone calls back to the US.B. $10 will be automatically charged if roaming remains turned on after 24 hours.C. Pay-per-use will apply when one forgets to remove the International Day Pass.D. The Pass will be removed if the use of data exceeds the average monthly amount.62. Which of the following groups of people might be in the greatest need of the AT&TInternational Day Pass?A. People who have settled abroad.B. People who work in AT&T overseas offices.C. People who have relatives in foreign countries.D. People who make frequent business trips abroad.(C)Escaping predators(食肉动物), digestion and other animal activities—including those of humans—require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new studies reveal.In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive—an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at the Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels worldwide. “We were surprised by the intensity of the changes we saw, how rapidly oxygen is going down in the ocean and how large the effects on marine ecosystems are,” he says. It is no surprise to scientists that warming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Oxygen levels in some tropical (热带的) regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the last 50 years, some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally.A warming ocean loses oxygen for two reasons: First, the warmer a liquid becomes, the less gas it can hold. That is why carbonated drinks go flat faster when left in the sun.Second, as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above colder, more salty sea waters. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water down to deeper depths. And because all oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less of it at depth.Ocean animals large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by seeking refuge in higher oxygen zones or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into food-scarce regions. Climate change already poses serious problems for marine life, such as ocean acidification, but deoxygenation is the most pressing issue facing sea animals today, Oschlies says. After all, he says, “they all have to breathe.”Aside from food web problems, animals face various other physiological challenges as their bodies adjust to lower oxygen levels. Chinese shrimp(虾) move their tails less vigorously to preserve energy in lower oxygen environments. Some creatures, such as jellyfishes, are more tolerant of low oxygen than others are. But all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation because they all have evolved their ox ygen capacity for a reason, says Oschlies. “Any drop in oxygen is going to damage survivability and performance,” he says.63. According to the first two paragraphs, what worries scientists the most?A. The worsening deoxygenation in the warming ocean.B. The survival of predators and various marine animals.C. The alarmingly changeable oxygen levels in the ocean.D. The lack of attention to the warming of tropical oceans.64. Which of the following is a reason for the oxygen loss in the ocean?A. Polar ice melting consumes much oxygen in the ocean.B. Global warming reduces the amount of oxygen in the air.C. The surface polar ice water prevents oxygen going down.D. Salty water holds less gas in the increasingly warmer ocean.65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Ocean deoxygenation changes some animals’ natural territories.B. Ocean acidification is more serious a problem than deoxygenation.C. Not all ocean animals are bothered by the decreasing oxygen levels.D. Some animals reduce their movements in order to absorb more oxygen.66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. The Oxygen Levels of Marine LifeB. Ocean Warming Affects Food WebC. The Survivability of Ocean AnimalsD. The Ocean Is Running Out of Breath Section C （8分）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Decades of research has demonstrated how junior employees benefit from being mentored (指导). Guidance from senior colleagues has also been shown to enhance mentees’ job performance and satisfaction. _______67_______We were especially interested in understanding how mentoring might help mentors who work in stressful occupations. Mental health is a growing concern within occupations that playimportant social roles, such as medical professionals, firefighters, and police officers. And because policing is one of the most stressful occupations, with high levels of mental health and well-being difficulties, we conducted a study of a formal mentoring program in an English police force._______68_______ It was designed to support the development of junior officers by giving them a way to discuss concerns and receive guidance. Our study involved two parts. First, we conducted a field experiment: we compared the mental health of 17 mentor-mentee pairs to a control group of 18 pairs of senior and junior officers that did not participate in the program. Second, we interviewed both the mentees and their mentors separately.Our experiment results showed that people who served as mentors experienced lower levels of anxiety, and described their job as more meaningful, than those who did not mentor. We learned from our interviews that mentoring afforded senior officers, as well as junior officers, a chance to discuss and reflect on concerns. _______69_______By acknowledging that these anxieties were common, both mentees and mentors grew more comfortable in discussing them and in sharing different coping mechanisms.Why does mentoring have this impact on mentors? _______70_______ Despite the pressures that comes with their roles — including abuse, difficult decision making, and the risk of death —police officers tend not to seek support from other officers, including more senior colleagues. This is to avoid negative stigma, a shameful reputation, associated with mental health disorders. Mentoring thereby offered a way to build trust within a relationship that laid a foundation for open and honest communication of sensitive topics.IV. Summary writing（10分）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.An international team of researchers found employees who endure what is known as “abusive supervision” are more likely to behave poorly on purpose by messing up tasks, arriving late, taking long breaks and putting in minimal effort.The authors of the study, published in the Journal of Management, sought to answer why horrible bosses make employees less willing to show what is known as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), or commitment to the company outside of their contractual obligations. That could include helping colleagues or volunteering for unusual work hours. They also assessed its effect on a worker’s tendency to harm the organization, by displaying counterproductive (反作用的) work behavior (CWB).To find out more, and uncover which negative outcome bullying(欺凌) behavior is more likely to cause, researchers from Southwestern University of Finance and Economics in China, Renmin University of China and Swinburne University of Technology in Australia cooperated and analyzed 427 existing studies. They found workers acted out either because they felt they were being treated unfairly in the workplace, or felt stressed and this affected their ability to perform as expected. An employee who felt they were a victim of injustice tended more towards reluctance to show OCB. Stressed workers, meanwhile, were more associated with CWB.Employers who worried supervisors are affecting productivity can take steps to ease issuesby regularly training managers, introducing policies which cope with workplace injustices and helping workers to deal with stress.This is not the first study to suggest unkind practices can affect the well-being of workers. The paper follows a study published in the European Heart Journal last year, which showed employees who suffer bullying are more likely to develop heart diseases than those who aren’t. Bullying and violence are common at workplaces and those exposed to these stressors are at higher risk.V. Translation（15分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 多亏了我们共同努力，最近项目有了进展。

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2019届上海高三英语二模汇编--阅读C篇（解析版）

2019届上海高三英语二模汇编--阅读C篇（解析版）2019届高三英语二模汇编——阅读C篇1、2019黄浦二模Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（C）Right now, I am looking at a shelf full of relics, a collection of has-beens, old-timers, antiques, fossils. Right now, I am looking at a shelf full of books. Yes, that’s right. If you have some spare cash (the going rate is about $89) and you are looking to enhance your reading experience, then I highly suggest you consider purchasing an e-reader. E-readers are replacing the books of old and I welcome them with open arms (as you should).An e-reader is a device that allows you to read e-books. An e-book is a book-length publication in digital form, consisting of text, images or both, and produced on, published through and readable on computers or other electronic devices. Sometimes the equivalent of a conventional printed book, e-books can also be born digital. The Oxford Dictionary of English defines the e-book as “an electronic version of a printed book”, but e-books can and do exist without any printed equivalent.E-readers put printed books to shame. E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space, are environmentally friendly and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not.The average e-reader can store thousands of digital books,providing a genuine library at your fingertips. What is more, the e-reader itself is very small. It is easy to hold and can fit in a pocketbook or briefcase easily. This makes handling wooden giant such as War and Peace and Anna Karenina a breeze. Perhaps the only drawback to the space-saving aspect of an e-reader is that it requires you to find new things to put on your shelves.In addition, e-readers are environmentally friendly. The average novel is about 300 pages long. So, if a novel is printed 1000 times, it will use 300,000 pieces of paper. That’s a lot of paper! And for the super bestsellers, these figures increase dramatically. For example, the Harry Potter book series has sold o ver 450 million copies. That’s about 2 million trees! Upon viewing these figures, it is not hard to grasp the severe impact of printed books on the environment. Since e-readers use no trees, they represent a significant amount of preservation in terms of the environment and its resources.Finally, e-readers provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not. The typical e-reader allows its user to adjust letter size, letterform and line spacing. It also allows highlighting and electronic bookmarking.Furthermore, it grants users the ability to get an overview of a book and then jump to a specific location based on that overview. While these are all nice features, perhaps the most helpful of all is the ability to get dictionary definitions at the touch of a finger. On even the most basic e-reader, users can find instant definitions without having to hunt through a physical dictionary.It can be seen that e-readers are superior to printed books. They save space, are environmentally friendly and provide helpfulreading tips and tools that printed books do not. So what good are printed books? Well, they certainly make nice decorations.63. As used in paragraph 1, it can be inferred that “has-beens, old-timers, antiques, fossils”are all words that describe something ____________.A. outdatedB. typicalC. meaningfulD. useless64. Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that printed books of War and Peace and AnnaKarenina are all ____________.A. superior and dramaticB. dense and environmentalC. awkward and heavyD. significant and resistant65. According to the author, which of the following reading tips and tools are offered by the e-reader?①line spacing customization②the ability to quickly jump to the end of a book③access to a printed dictionary at the touch of a fingerA. ①and ②onlyB. ①and ③onlyC. ②and ③onlyD. ①, ②and ③66. Which of the following sentences from the passage best summarizes the author’s main point?A. “If you have some spare cash(the going rate is about $89)and are looking to enhance your readingexperience, then I highly suggest you consider purchasing ane-reader.”B. “E-readers are replacing the books of old, and I welcome them with open arms (as you should)．”C. “An e-reader is a device that allows you to read e-books. An e-book is a book-length publication in digitalform, consisting of text, images, or both, and produced on, published through, and readable on computers or other electronic devices.”D. “E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space, are environmentally friendly, and providehelpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not.”答案：63-66 ACAD难度：中等解析：本文为说明文。

上海市2019届嘉定区高考英语二模试卷及答案

Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection A (10分)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Eat healthier without quitting sugarNot long ago, fat was regarded as the evil for a healthy diet. Before that it was salt. Now the sugar-free diet (21) ________ (explode) onto the health scene – and seems to have topped many people’s list of New Year’s resolutions.Sugar-free diets encourage people to avoid sweetener such as honey, soft drinks and some fruits. Some also recommend (22) ______(restrict) dairy products. The diet’s advocates note that excessive sugar consumption may increase the risk of heart disease and some cancers. So many sugar-free followers avoid milk, yoghurt and cheese (23)________ _________ the assumption that these products contain sugars.It’s true we are swallowing too much of the sweet stuff, with the average American consuming around 20 teaspoons of (24)_____________ (add) sugar a day. But you don’t need (25)________ __________ (quit) sugar for healthy eating. Quitting sugar is unlikely to improve your health any more than cutting down on over-processed foods and eating more vegetables.Research shows dieting is not effective over the long term and can lead to greater weight gain over time. The brain interprets dieting and restriction as hunger, (26) ________ causes the storage of fat. Besides, the sugar-free diet is confusing and imposes a set of rules that (27) ________ (make) up without scientific evidence. Such a restrictive diet can create food fear or an unhealthy relationship with food. People who worry about food are more likely to diet. This may be (28) ________ they are worried about their weight, or about the impact certain nutrients have on their health.Through series of experiments, (29) ________ the researchers are certain about is that you can eat plenty of plants, enjoy whole grains and beans. Fruit is you friend, not your enemy. Most people could probably eat a little less sugar, a little (30) ________ (often), but you don’t have to quit it for good to be healthy.Section B (10分)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in theofficial languages of the UN as well as to celebrate cultural and linguistic diversity（语言多样性）. Chinese Language Day is the 20th April. It’s a time chosen to fit in with the Chinese31 of Guyu（古语）, which honours Cangjie – the four-eyed 32 figure who is traditionally understood to have created Chinese characters in the time of the Yellow Emperor, 5000 years ago.Mandarin（普通话）is the most-spoken language in the world, with over 1.5 billion speakers.When most people think of “Chinese”, it is Mandarin that they are 33 . But Mandarin Chinese is far from the only variant of the Chinese language—or the only language spoken in China. In fact, there are a great number of Chinese languages. Remember—this is a country which is both very large and very, very old. Different regions are within the 34 expanse of territory, that is, China can be 35 not only by great distances but also by broadly geographical features such as mountain ranges.It is hard to guess how many dialects actually exist. In general, dialects can be 36 classified into one of the seven large groups: Putonghua (Mandarin), Gan, Kejia (Hakka), Min, Wu, Xiang, and Yue (Cantonese). Each language group contains a large number of dialects.Understanding the situation is 37 by the fact that, while many Chinese people in different geographical areas of the country may not understand each other when they speak their regional dialect, they may share the same written language even if their pronunciation of different characters within that language may_____38_____.A ____39____ feature across all Chinese languages is tone. For instance, Mandarin has four tones and Cantonese has six tones. Tone, in terms of language, is the pitch (高音) in which syllables (音节) in words are spoken. In Chinese, different words ___40____different keys. Some words even have pitch variations in one single syllable.Ⅱ. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When Elinor Ostrom won the Nobel Prize for her research on economic governance in 2009, it was the first (and so far, the only) time a woman won a Nobel for Economics. That prize has 41 for nearly 50 years. We don’t do a great job of recognizing women’s contributions to science and innovation. My colleagues and I wondered; Is one of the reasons why women are more likely to 42 science than men because they don’t receive the same recognition?To understand how 43 shapes women’s motivation to remain in science, we first had to get a good measure of the motivations. We sought to first study a highly visible 44 , prizes, because large prizes tend to be understood and appreciated by the broader public, and they also influence those who make decisions about scientific 45 and other financial support.Our study focused on prizes in the biomedical sciences. If we’re going to find 46 anywhere in science, it would be in this field. Women have entered biomedicine in equal numbers to men since the early 2000s. 47 this, of all Nobels awarded to women, a full two-thirds have been for biomedical research. Our 48 was simple: we documented all biomedical research prizes we could find over the past five decades. We also considered the financial awards and importance associated with the prizes, as indicators of their 49 . Then we measured the percentage of prizes won by women and the association between gender and prize quality.Our initial results highlighted overall 50 news; the proportion of biomedical prizes awarded to women has risen steadily. But when we looked at the association between gender and quality of prizes awarded, we observed a major difference: on average, women scientists win prizes associated with less money and importance than men do. Importantly, our further research suggests that there’s no 51 that the quality or value of women-led research is any lower than that of men, as measured by citations （引用）per article, productivity, or width of research topics studied.52 , women are catching up in terms of number of prizes won, but still fall significantly behindin regard to the importance and monetary awards associated with the prizes.The bottom line: while on the surface it may appear that the gender gap has somewhat 53 when it comes to science prizes, great injustice is hidden just below. The problem likely 54 beyond the borders of science. In business, for example, prizes and funding for newtechnolog and innovation may follow a similar pattern, helping to explain the phenomenon observed for female entrepreneurs, again 55 by research. This is something worth examining in greater depth.41. A. remained B. awarded C. existed D. established42. A. leave B. doubt C. question D. suspect43. A. contribution B. recognition C. resolution D. promotion44. A. indicator B. substance C. confirmation D. compliment45. A. experiments B. innovation C. study D. grants46. A. gender equality B. research prospectsC. innovation patternsD. government control47. A. In line with B.Contrary to C. Compared with D. In case of48. A. concept B. outcome C. requirement D. approach49. A. improvement B. quality C. accomplishment D. reputation50. A. vague B. sudden C. good D. fundamental51. A. description B. evidence C. document D. comparison52. A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Nevertheless53. A. highlighted B. eliminated C. strengthened D. narrowed54. A. dominates B. extends C. overtakes D. justifies55. A. turned out B. taken on C. backed up D. held upSection B (22分)Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)“The history of the world is but the biography（传记）of great men,” argued Thomas Carlyle, the advocate of what has come to be known as the “Great Man Theory of History.” This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times. Whether or not Carlyle’s theory proves true is debatable, but that certain individuals cast long shadows is not.As one who is entrusted with a leadership position, I find it profitable to read of others who have led. Wherever you find me, you’ll likely find a good biography nearby. Why is this the case? First, I find good biographies fascinating. I’ll occasionally read a novel, but I’ve never been overly drawn to fiction. I have found myself unable to sleep while in the struggle of the Battle of Britain in William Manchester’s The Last Lion. For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life.Second, I find good biographies informative. A good biographer tells not only the story of a person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. You’ll find no better account of the British Empire atits peak than the opening chapters of Manchester’s Visions of Glory, volume one of his The Last Lion, Strictly speaking , a biography is but a slice of history.Third, I find good biographies relaxing. Winston Churchill once noted a man who works with his hands should have a hobby that engages his hands. Another way to apply Churchill’s saying is to combine technical, pen-in-hand vocational reading with leisurely biographical reading. Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world.This is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who neglects them. Don’t be counted among their number.56. What is implied in the first paragraph?A. The author finds Carlyle’s theory undebatable.B. Carlyle believes great men alone cannot create history.C. It is debatable whether one should read great men’s biographies.D. The author agrees that history is greatly influenced by certain men.57. What does the underlined phrase “other items” in the third paragraph refer to ?A. good biographiesB. stores of certain timesC. the volumes of The Last LionD. the chapters of the British Empire58. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The author considers biographical reading enjoyable.B. The author can travel to another world in the evening.C. The author has fought many battles during his lifetime.D. the author profits commercially by reading biographies.59. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article?A. To analyze the benefits of vocational reading.B. To introduce to readers his unique reading strategies.C. To present great men’s history through biography reading.D. To recommend biography reading through his own experiences.Pass to your existing plan before you go, then follow these tips to help manage costs and make the most of your travels:How it worksWhile abroad, if you make or accept a call, listen to a voicemail, send a text, or use data, you will be automatically charged $10 for 24-hour access to your domestic plan. During that period you can:●Use your domestic plan data to email, post on social media, translate languages and more.●Make unlimited calls to countries included in International Day Pass●Send unlimited texts to the world.How to help manage costs●If you are outside of a 24-hour access period and you dn’t want to use your phone, turn off dataroaming（漫游）to avoid being charged $10 accidentally.●Save date by connecting Wi-Fi, especially if you download, or send and receive large files. How to call, text and use data internationally●To call or send a message to another country, dial + (country code) (local phone number)●To use cellular data, turn on Cellular Data Roaming in your device Settings●To call using Wi-Fi Calling, visit /wificalling for informationHow to remove International Day PassTo remove International Day pass, go to att. com/myatt or call+1.31.925.6925. Once removed, pay-per-use rates will apply unless you add another international travel feature of package to your device. go to /travel for information on pay-per-use rates and products available by country. Note: INTERNATIONAL DAY PASS: Coverage not available in all areas. Int’l Day Pass may be removed if international talk, text, or data use exceeds （超过）50% of your total talk, text, or data use for two months.60. With the AT&T International Day Pass________.A. one can make unlimited calls to any country for $10 a day.B. the phone will automatically turn on Cellular Data RoamingC. the phone calling can enjoy a favorable price, saving your costD. one can save money by using WiFi to download or send large files61. According to the travel tips, which of the following is TURE?A. Without International Day Pass, one cannot make phone calls back to the US.B. $10 will be automatically charged if roaming remains turned on after 24 hours.C. Pay-per-use will apply when one forgets to remove the International Day Pass.D. The pass will be removed if the use of data exceeds the average monthly amount.62. Which of the following groups of people might be in the greatest need of the AT&T International Day Pass?A. People who have steeled abroad.B. People who work in AT&T overseas offices.C. People who have relatives in foreign countries.D. People who make frequent business trips abroad.（C）Escaping predators（食肉动物）, digestion and other animal activities---including those of humans --- require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new studies reveal.In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive – an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at the Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels worldwide. “We were surprised by the intensity of the changes we saw, how rapidly oxygen is going down in the ocean and how large the effects on marine ecosystems are, “he says. It is no surprise to scientists that warming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Oxygen levels in some tropical （热带的）regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the las 50 years, some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally.A warming ocean loses oxygen for two reasons; First, the warmer a liquid becomes, the less gas it can hold. That is why carbonated drinks go flat faster when left in the sun. Second, as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above colder, more salty sea waters. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water down to deeper depths. And becauseall oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less of it at depth.Ocean animals large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by seeking refuge in higher oxygen zones or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into food-scarce regions. Climate change already poses serious problems for marine life, such as ocean acidification, but deoxygenation is the most pressing issue facing sea animals today, Oschlies says. After all, he says, “they all have to breathe.”Aside from food web problems, animals face various other physiological challenges as their bodies adjust to lower oxygen levels. Chinese shrimp（虾）move their tails less vigorously to preserve energy in lower oxygen environments. Some creatures, such as jellyfishes, are more tolerant of low oxygen than others are. But all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation because they all have evolved their oxygen capacity for a reason, says Oschlies. “Any drop in oxygen is going to damage survivability and performance,” he says.63. According to the first two paragraphs, what worries scientists the most?A. The worsening deoxygenation in the warming ocean.B. The survival of predators and various marine animals.C. The alarmingly changeable oxygen levels in the ocean.D. The lack of attention to the warming of tropical oceans.64. Which of the following is a reason for the oxygen loss in the ocean?A. Polar ice melting consumes much oxygen in the ocean.B. Global warming reduces the amount of oxygen in the air.C. The surface polar ice water prevents oxygen going down.D. Salty water holds less gas in the increasingly warmer ocean.65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Ocean deoxygenation changes some animals’ natural territories.B. Ocean acidification is more serious a problem than deoxygenation.C. Not all ocean animals are bothered by the decreasing oxygen levels.D. Some animals reduce their movements in order to absorb more oxygen.66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. The Oxygen Levels of Marine LifeB. Ocean Warming Affects Food WebC. The Survivability of Ocean AnimalsD. The Ocean Is Running Out of BreathSection C (8分)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.（指导）. Guidance from senior colleagues has also been shown to enhance mentees’ job performance and satisfaction. ____67____We were especially interested in understanding how mentoring might help mentors who work in stressful occupations. Mental health is a growing concern within occupations that play important social roles, such as medical professionals, firefighters, and police officers. And because policing is one of the most stressful occupations, with high levels of mental health and well-being difficulties, we conducted a study of a formal mentoring program in an English police force.________68________ It was designed to support the development of junior officers by giving them a way to discuss concerns and receive guidance. Our study involved two parts. First, we conducted a field experiment: we compared the mental health of 17 mentor-mentee pairs to a control group of 18 pairs of senior and junior officers that did not participate in the program. Second, we interviewed both the mentees and their mentors separately.Our experiment results showed that people who served as mentors experienced lower levels of anxiety, and described their job as more meaningful, than those who did not mentor. We learned from our interviews that mentoring afforded senior officers, as well as junior officers, a chance to discuss and reflect on concerns. ________69________By acknowledging that these anxieties were common, both mentees and mentors grew more comfortable in discussing them and in sharing different coping mechanisms.Why does mentoring have this impact on mentors? ________70________despite the pressures that comes with their roles --- including abuse, difficult decision making, and the risk of death --- police officers tend not to seek support from other officers, including more senior colleagues. This is to avoid negative stigma, a shameful reputation, associated with meatal health disorders. Mentoring thereby offered a way to build trust within a relationship that laid a foundation for open and honest communication of sensitive topics.Ⅱ. Summary writing (10分)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.An international team of researchers found employees who endure what is known as “abusive supervision” are more likely to behave poorly on purpose by messing up tasks, arriving late, taking long breaks and putting in minimal effort.The authors of the study, published in the Journal of Management, sought to answer why horrible bosses make employees less willing to show what is known as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), or commitment to the company outside of their contractual obligations. That could include helping colleagues or volunteering for unusual work hours. They also assessed its effect on a worker’s tendency to harm the organization, by displaying counterproductive（反作用的）work behavior (CWB)To find out more, and uncover which negative outcome bullying （欺凌）behavior is more likely to cause, researchers from Southwestern University of Finance and Economics in China,Renmin University of China and Swinburne University of Technology in Australia cooperated and analyzed 427 existing studies. They found workers acted out either because they felt they were being treated unfairly in the workplace, or felt stressed and this affected their ability to perform as expected. An employee who felt they were a victim of injustice tender more towards reluctance to show OCB. Stressed workers, meanwhile, were more associated with CWB.Employers who worried supervisors are affecting productivity can take steps to ease issues by regularly training managers, introducing policies which cope with workplace injustices and helping workers to deal with stress.This is not the first study to suggest unkind practices can affect the well-being of workers. The paper follows a study published in the European Heart Journal last year, which showed employees who suffer bullying are more likely to develop heart diseases than those who aren’t. Bullying and violence are common at workplaces and those exposed to these stressors are at higher risk.Ⅴ. Translation (15分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 多亏了我们共同努力，最近项目有了进展。

2019届高三英语二模试卷带答案

2019届高三英语二模试卷带答案英语（二）注意事项：1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。

2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。

4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。

第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AY ou can either travel or read, but either your body or soul must be on the way. The popular saying has inspired many people to read or go sightseeing. Traveling, just like reading, is a refreshing journey from the busy world. Books, brain food, can keep you company on your travel.1. On the Road, 1957, by Jack KerouacThe book is a globally popular spiritual guide book about youth. The main character in the book drives across the US continent with several young people and finally reaches Mexico. After the exhausting and exciting trip, the characters in the book begin to realize the meaning of life. The book can be a good partner with you to explore the United States.2. Life is Elsewhere, 1975, by Milan KunderaJean-Jacques Rousseau once said, “Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.”The book tells a young artist’s romantic but miserable life, about how he reads, dreams and has a relationship. Experience the artist’s passionate life in the book during a trip to Central Europe. The book invites you to deeply reflect on your current life.3. The Stories of the Sahara,1967, by SanmaoThe book narrates the author’s simple but adventurous life in the Sahara Desert, which seems a desolate and dull place. The fancy natural scenery and life there, along with the author’s romantic and intensive emotions will inspire you to explore the mysterious land. Reading the book is like participating in a dialogue with the author, who is sincere and humorous.4. Lotus,2006, by AnnbabyThis novel set in Tibet, tells three people’s stories, each with their unique characteristics. It reveals modern people’s emotions and inner life, their confusion about love, and exploration of Buddhism. The book is a goodpartner to bring you to the scared land Tibet.21. Which book is about the exploration of life value through a journey?A. On the Road.B. Life is Elsewhere.C. Lotus.D. The Stories of the Sahara.22. Whose book is suitable to accompany your trip to Germany?A. Milan Kundera’s.B. Sanmao’s.C. Annbaby’s.D. Jack Kerouac’s.23. What can we learn from the text?A. The Stories of the Sahara records the dialogues between the author and her readers.B. Life is Elsewhere promotes readers’consideration of their present lives.C. Lotus is a religious book which explores Buddhist culture in Tibet.D. On the Road is intended to advise a classic route for driving across the US.24. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A. To advertise four travel guidebooks.B. To introduce four novels about traveling.C. To recommend four books linked to destinations.D. To arouse readers’interest in reading books.BI was in the Sants Cruz Mountains not long ago, speaking and singing at awomen’s conference. We were focusing on the theme of loving others in practical ways through our gifts, and something in particular happened during one of the sessions（会议）will remain imprinted in memory.A young Syrian woman (Lilith) was invited to the conference at the last minute, and everyone seemed surprised and delighted that she’d actually come. Just a few days earlier, Lilith had fled her country and found refuge with one of the women attending the conference. As an Orthodox Christian in Syria, she and her loved ones had become attacked targets of violent terrorist groups in the country’s ongoing civil war.Lilith had witnessed horrors no one of her young age should ever see. Despite the further danger it presented, she’d decided to leave her home and her family to find safety here in America. Knowing some of her story, and seeing her sitting through the sessions at the retreat（畏缩不前）---head, covered in a scarf, bowed toward the floor---broke my heart. Lilith’s story touched all of us, including Pam, who was quilt maker. Pam had just finished a beautiful quilt, and had brought it with her. She, along with a few of the leaders, decided to give it to Lilith as a symbol of their comfort and love.During our last session, Lilith was called forward and prayed over, hugged, and wrapped up in that beautiful quilt. I thought of the many hours Pam undoubtedly spent working on it, and the terrible events that led Lilith to this moment---surrounded by the beauty and love quiltembodied. I wept. When they told her it was for her, she wept.25. What is the purpose of the women’s conference?A. To help others in a practical way.B. To win equal rights for women.C. To get together to dance and sing.D. To exchange gifts with each other.26. Why did Lilith go to America?A. To attend the women’s conference.B. To find safety.C. To find her family.D. To find a better job.27. From this passage, we know that the writer is____________.A. enthusiasticB. sympatheticC. intelligentD. talented28. What is the meaning of the underlined word?A. a place of interestB. a place of dangerC. a place of conferenceD. a place of shelterCY ou know the feeling that you have left your phone at home and feel anxious, as if you have lost your connection to the world. “Nomophobia”(无手机恐惧症) affects teenagers and adults alike. Y ou can even do an online test to see if you have it. Last week, researchers from Hong Kong warned that nomophobia is infecting everyone. Their study found that people who use their phones to store, share and access personal memoriessuffer most. When users were asked to describe how they felt about their phones, words such as “hurt”(neck pain was often reported) and “alone”predicted higher levels of nomophobia.“The findings of our study suggest that users regard smartphones as their extended selves and get attached to the devices,”said Dr. Kim Ki Joon. “People experience feelings of anxiety and unpleasantness when separated from their phones.”Meanwhile, an American study shows that smartphone separation can lead to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.So can being without your phone really give you separation anxiety? Professor Mark Griffiths, psychologist and director of the International Gaming Research Unit at Nottingham Trent University, says it is what is on the phone that counts-the social networking that creates Fomo (fear of missing out).“We are talking about an internet-connected device that allows people to deal with lots of aspects of their lives,”says Griffiths. “Y ou would have to surgically remove a phone from a teenager because their whole life is rooted in this device.”Griffiths thinks attachment theory, where we develop emotional dependency on the phone because it holds details of our lives, is a small part of nomophobia. For “screenagers”, it is Fomo that creates the most separation anxiety. If they can’t see what’s happening on Snapchat orInstagram, they become panic-stricken about not knowing what’s going on socially. “But they adapt very quickly if you take them on holiday and there’s no internet,”says Griffiths.29. Which of the following may Dr. Kim Ki Joon agree with?A. We waste too much time on phones.B. Phones have become part of some users.C. Addiction to phones makes memories suffer.D. Phones and blood pressure are closely linked.30. According to Giffiths, we get nomophobia because .A. we are accustomed to having a phone on usB. we need our phones to help us store informationC. we worry we may miss out what our friends are doingD. we fear without phones we will run into a lot of trouble31. Where can you probably find the above passage?A. In a research report.B. In a fashion brochure.C. In a science textbook.D. In a popular science magazine. DAre some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some degree our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in aboring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.It is easy to show that intelligence is to some degree something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be intelligent. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth. Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.32. The writer is in favor of the view that man’s intelligence is given to him .A. at birthB. through educationC. both at birth and through educationD. through environment of one’s family33. If a child is born with high intelligence, he can .A. surely become a geniusB. still become a genius if he isn’t given good educationC. reach his intelligence limits through his own effortsD. probably reach his intelligence limits in rich and varied surroundings34. The example of the twins going to a university and to a factory separately shows .A. the importance of their intelligenceB. the role of environment on intelligenceC. the importance of their positionsD. the part that birth plays35. The best title of the passage can be .A. On IntelligenceB. On GeniusC. Dependence on EnvironmentD. Effect of Education on Intelligence第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出最佳选项。

2019上海高三英语二模汇编- 完形

上海高三英语二模汇编-完形1 长宁、宝山、嘉定、青浦Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Over the last 15 years, digital communication has brought in more changes than the printing press did in 1570. And those most likely to use them in this world are teenagers, whose brains appear to have an extraordinary volume to adapt to the world around them, according to Dr Jay Giedd, a(n) 51brain expert.We are now discovering that, as a species, our brains during the teenage years are still flexible and capable of 52 . Having a more flexible brain, 53 , means that certain parts of it, such as desire control and the ability to make long-term decisions, haven’t developed yet, which may also explain why we spend a(n) 54 period living under the protection of our parents rather than leaving home at the age of 12 or 13. This also means that the teenage brain can adapt to new technology, enabling teenagers to 55 the increasing pace of digital technology and giving them an advantage when it comes to multitasking.In the USA, on average teenagers spend 8.5 hours a day using computers, mobiles, and other devices to learn, interact, and play. T his increases to 11.5 hours if you include all of the 56 that goes on, such as talking on the phone while watching TV. As they stare at these screens, they’re taking in and sorting through an incredible amount of information.There are 57 about how social media is affecting the way the brain learns to 58 , as one of the most important skills that we learn as children is how to make friends and interact with people around us. Geidd says that a lot of what goes on inside our brains is social. Social interactions are now being 59 by technology –you could have hundreds of friends, all of whom are real people that you in teract with and scientists are n’t sure whether we’ll be able to develop the same 60 using social media.There is a(n) 61 of the growing digital trend: YouTube shows the teenagers all over the world are watching the same videos and laughing at the same jokes, indicating that they are more62 than teenagers in the past. They may be keen on 63 their friends and posting updates on social media sites, but teenagers today are probably going to have access t o technology and 64social and educational opportunities that anyone with a less flexible brain may have trouble imagining. Nevertheless, there is a cut-off point, and by the age of 30, our brains in their ways, making it more65 for us to adapt and cope with new technologies.51. A. digital B. adolescent C. surgical D. artificial52. A. functioning B. noticing C. adjusting D. deciding53. A. however B. therefore C. otherwise D. instead54. A. natural B. glorious C. limited D. extended55. A. keep up with B. come up with C. put up with D. end up with56. A. gossiping B. multitasking C. interacting D. playing57. A. reports B. curiosities C. concerns D. talks58. A. memorize B. sort C. imagine D. socialize59. A. changed B. controlled C. troubled D. interrupted60. A. trends B. attitudes C. societies D. skills61. A. advantage B. distraction C. indication D. history62. A. absent-minded B. global-minded C. quick-minded D. serious-minded63. A. accessing B. texting C. discovering D. watching64. A. on the whole B. as a result C. in other words D. by all means65. A. flexible B. important C. difficult D. incredible51-55 BCADA 56-60 BCDAD 61-65 ABBBC2奉贤Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Two Newcastle scientists are setting themselves to open our eyes to the medical truth by claiming that natural sunlight may help prevent skin cancer.Dr. Ron Laura, professor of health education at Newcastle University, and senior chemist Mr. John Ashton said their research points to a complete __51______ of the accepted scientific theory. They said that sunscreen creams may help cause skin cancer, the artificial indoor light could be __52_____ and that a range of drugs in common use could also ___53____ melanoma--a type of cancer that appears as a dark spot on the skin.The research is likely to be unwelcome in some traditional medical research circles. It is based on a new __54_____ that our bodies are protected from skin cancer by the regulation of a group of complex vitamins (Vitamin D) and immune process.The sunscreens, artificial light and drugs could all unfavorably affect the production of these vitamins and increase the skin’s __55_____ to the sun. But Dr. Laura said natural sunlight passing through the eyes helped __56_____ the production of cancer protection Vitamin D.He said recent statistics from the United States indicated that people who worked indoors all day in artificial light were more __57_____ melanomas than those who worked outdoors. Indoor workers should try to have at least one hour of __58_____ to direct sunlight every day, ___59_____ in the early morning and late afternoon when ultraviolet intensively was lower, Dr. Laura said.Sunscreens, long __60_____ as essential for beach lovers, could also __61______ the production of Vitamin D. Laura and Ashton said sunscreens give people a __62_____ sense of security in thinking they are __63______ from the sun’s rays.Dr. Laura said more statistics ___64_____ their claim had come to light since the first article was published. He believes his research findings are too im portant to be __65______ to the scientific world.51. A. contribution B. reversal C. combination D. recognition52. A. beneficial B. comfortable C. harmful D. favorable53. A. promote B. reduce C. remove D. eliminate54. A. assumption B. law C. concept D. theory55. A. sensitivity B. resistance C. adaptation D. response56. A. monitor B. measure C. slow D. stimulate57. A. subject to B. unrelated to C. free of D. dependent on58. A. exercise B. reveal C. exposure D. experience59. A. occasionally B. preferably C. enjoyably D. extremely60. A. received B. popular C. accepted D. identified61. A .balance B. adjust C. prevent D. enhance62. A. false B. strong C. true D. sharp63. A. separated B. protected C. guarded D. prohibited64. A. presenting B. doubting C. backing D. providing65. A. limited B. emphasized C. acknowledged D. explained51-55 BCADA 56-60 DACBC 61-65 CABCA3虹口Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Harvard LibraryIf we compare professors and students to the host of auniversity, then the library of a university can be comparedto the hallway. The quality of a university, __51__, is indirect proportion to that of its library. At Harvard, the libraryis an essential part of everybody’s life. Both the quantity andthe __52__ of the library make study a pleasant process.Harvard Library is not only the most ancient library inthe United States, but the largest university library with thelargest scale. In 1638 John Harvard __53__ his whole libraryto the then Harvard College. After 300 years of development,the library now holds 10 million books and __54__ more than 100 branch libraries. In addition to the libraries owned by each school, there are some branch libraries that are __55__ in some aspects. While most of the branch libraries are on Harvard campus, some are as far as in Washington, D.C., or even in Florence of Italy. Yenching Library is famous for its __56__ of East Asian literature. Lamont Library is the first library in the world that is __57__ for undergraduates. Widener Library is the largest library in Harvard, only second to Library of Congress.What __58__ to be mentioned is the system or rather the service of the libraries. Usually the libraries are open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.. The main libraries are open until 10 p.m.. The libraries for undergraduates will even be open all night during the __59__ period. The libraries also provide with students the service of __60__ reading materials for all courses. At the beginning of asemester, each teacher will give a list of books to the librarians. The librarians are __61__ to find out these books and put them at the places where students can easily find them.There is no limitation for the number of books that students can borrow. As the space for the library is limited, many books are __62__ in suburban library. Despite this, students can go to fetch the book at the __63__ library within 24 hours after they submit request for that book. Even if there is only one book to be fetched from the suburban library, the libraries on campus will send someone to do the job. This kind of __64__ which put readers in the first place is rare even in Ivy League. Therefore, study at Harvard will be a(n) __65__ experience.51.A.as a result B. to some extent C. on the contrary D. at all times52.A.influence B. discipline C. quality D. prospect53.A. donated B. assigned C. adapted D. distributed54.A.contains B. composes C. involves D. includesrmative B. different C. secure D. peculiar56.A.collections B. documents C. phenomena D. exhibitions57.A.unusually B. formally C. specially D. especially58.A.remains B. happens C. appears D. deserves59.A.examination B. experiment C. vacation D. graduation60.A.confirming B. preparing C. selecting D. designing61.A.desperate B. willing C. reluctant D. responsible62.A.exhibited B. reserved C. stored D. classified63.A.appointed B. accepted C. expected D. restricted64.A.performance B. service C. activity D. response65.A.fortunate B. creative C. positive D. enjoyable51-65: BCADB ACDAB DCABD4静安Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Since Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病)and Parkinson’s disease (帕金森病) are common and many notable people have developed them, they have received more public attention. Alzheimer’s DiseaseMany people imagine that Alzheimer’s disease, the degenerative(退化的)disorder that eventually leaves sufferers with total memory loss, is an inevitable result of aging. This is not so. While the risks of contracting the disease increase with age, there are many elderly people whose memories are perfect. Most of us are so ill-__51__ about all forms of memory loss that we label everything as “Alzheimer’s ”. Alzheimer’s disease itself can affect people as young as 30 and can progress either quickly or slowly. It can also __52__ the blame for other non-degenerative conditions such as deep depression. __53__, only an examination of the brain tissue during anautopsy (解剖) can produce an accurate __54__ of the disease.The causes of Alzheimer’s are unknown. They may be either __55__ or environmental. A study in 1996 of 13,000 people whose parents or siblings had the disease showed they had five times __56__ chance of passing away by the age of 80 than those with no family history of the problem.__57__, there are other factors. In a study of identical twins, it was found that only about half of the twin pairs developed Alzheimer’s and, when both twins __58__ it, they did so as much as 15 years apart. The possibility that environment plays a part was boosted by another 1996 study, this time of two groups of elderly Japanese men. One group lived in Hawaii, the other group in Japan. The Hawaiian group had a much higher incidence of the disease.Aluminum (铝) has been blamed for the development of Alzheimer’s. This is because a high level aluminum has been found in the brains of sufferers. The disease was first diagnosed at the beginning of the 20th century. It was at this time that aluminum was becoming widely __59__ for use in cooking pots.Memory loss, __60__ in performing familiar tasks, and problems with abstract thinking are all indicators of the beginning of the disease. One unusual feature is its impact on language. It attacks nouns first, then verbs. Grammar is one of the last things to go.Parkinson’s DiseaseParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of the ce ntral nervous system which __61__ more than one million Americans. Individuals with PD lack the substance dopamine (多巴胺), which is __62__ for the central nervous system’s control of muscle activity. Parkinson’s Disease is often characterized by shake, inflexibility in limbs and joints, speech disability and difficulty in __63__ physical movement. Late in the course of the disease, some patients develop dementia (痴呆症) and eventually Alzheimer’s disease. __64__, some Alzheimer patients develop symptoms of Pa rkinson’s disease. Medications such as levodopa (左多巴), which changes itself into dopamine once inside the brain, which prevents degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons (神经细胞), are used to improve diminished or __65__ motor symptoms in PD patients, but do not correct the mental changes that occur.51. A. judged B. equipped C. informed D. advised52. A. take B. put C. lay D. hold53. A. On the other hand B. For example C. After all D. In the end54. A. description B. demonstration C. diagnosis D. illustration55. A. natural B. instinctual C. genetic D. internal56. A. slighter B. fainter C. less D. more57. A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Finally58. A. came up with B. did away with C. went down with D. put up with59. A. available B. valuable C. memorable D. inaccessible60. A. complaint B. difficulty C. ease D. complexity61. A. touch B. influence C. concern D. affect62. A. important B. unimportant C. priceless D. worthless63. A. stopping B. changing C. initiating D. controlling64. A. Additionally B. Contrarily C. Consequently D. Particula rly65. A. treated B. showed C. released D. reduced51-65 CADCC DBCAB DACBD5 浦东Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in e ach blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Like many students, Ryan believes that the time and money spent on his education will pay off: he will eventually be able to get a good job and do well in the field he has chosen. And yet, ___51___ all of the years spent in school preparing to enter the workplace, many recent graduates say that they struggle with the ___52___ from classroom to career world and have difficulty ___53___ life on the job.Writer and editor Joseph Lewis suggests one reason why this is the case. Lewis believes that most of our school experiences—from childhood through university—are fairly ___54___, while life in the working world is far more uncertain. In school, ___55___, the pattern stays more or less the same from year to year. In the workplace, however, constant ___56___ is the norm, and one has to adapt quickly.Another problem that graduates entering the workforce encounter is that they are ___57___ to think analytically. In school, many students including those in college, spend a lot of time memorizing facts and repeating what they “learned” on tests. But in the workplace employees “are often expected to think critically and make ___58___ about their work, not just follow a supervisor’s instructions.” Less time needs to be spent in school on testing, says one recent report, and more on helping students to analyze and interpret information, solve problems, and communicate their ideas effectively—skills that will prepare them to succeed in today’s workplace.Finally, many recent graduates say that one of the biggest difficulties they face is adapting to ___59___ on the job. In the workplace, employees must regularly ___60___ with others and are often dependent on their co-workers for their success. In other words, if an employee has to work with others to complete a given project, that employee’s ___61___ not only depends on his hard work and expertise, but also on how well his colleagues perform. Knowing how to participate effectively in teamwork—and deal with problems when they arise—is extremely important, and yet, it is also something many students don’t get quite ___62___ to in a school setting.How can we better prepare young adults for the workplace? Recent graduates, looking back on their educational experience, have some ___63___. Many think that all students should be required to do an internship (实习) while they are in school. Volunteering part time at a company, hospital, or government organization, for example, can help one gain experience and learn skills needed to succeed in the real world. ___64___ this kind of practical work experience with classroom instruction, say the graduates, will help prepare students for the ___65___ of the workplace and make the transition from school to career world less stressful.51. A. with regard to B. thanks to C. in spite of D. in view of52. A. action B. shift C. routine D. variety53. A. turning to B. reacting to C. adjusting to D. seeing to54. A. predictable B. considerable C. accessible D. flexible55. A. however B. in addition C. for example D. in return56. A. change B. reminder C. prediction D. difficulty57. A. encouraged B. unprepared C. entitled D. undetermined58. A. predictions B. targets C. decisions D. inquiries59. A. independence B. performance C. competition D. teamwork60. A. argue B. bargain C. identify D. interact61. A. success B. ambition C. completion D. purpose62. A. attached B. exposed C. related D. addicted63. A. patience B. advice C. expectation D. relief64. A. Pairing B. Charging C. Involving D. Rewarding65. A. availability B. possibilities C. invasion D. realities51—55 CBCAC 56—60 ABCDD 61—65 ABBAD6 徐汇Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Feeling good about our actions —not guilt or pity—motivates giving, according to the latest research.51 seeing or hearing about suffering children makes most people uncomfortable, that grief is not what drives them to dig into their pockets and donate. The reasons people decide to be selfless, it turns out, may be slightly more 52 .In the study, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, researchers found that people are more likely to give when they think it will make them feel better. They donate, 53 , when they feel hope about putting smiles on those expectant and suffering faces. And that hope, or similar feel-good sensations, are driven by the brain’s reward systems.Researchers —and charities —have long known that putting a(n) 54 face on an abstract problem opens hearts and wallets. Josef Stalin once said that while one death is a(n) 55 , a million is merely a number. Studies have since found that quantifying the size of a disaster or particular need actually 56 giving, while presenting a single story is more likely to cause a desire to help.But it wasn’t clear whether this “identifiable victim” effect resulted from people’s 57 over their own privilege and resources — or from a sense of connection with the 58 and an urge to feel good about making a difference.To find out, researchers led by Alexander Genevsky, a graduate student in psychology at Stanford, imaged the brains of 22 young adults. In the scanner, they saw either a silhouette (剪影)or a head shot of a young African child. As in previous studies, participants were far more likely to give if they saw a face than a blank silhouette— donating almost twice as much in photo trials than in the others. However, this decision was related strongly to their 59 . If they showed little activity in their nucleus accumbens—a brain region linked to every type of pleasurable experience— they were actually less likely to give. But if there is a sharp 60 of activity in this reward area, they felt good and gave more. And the photos of the children were more likely to 61 this reward center. Activity in the accumbens, in fact, completely 62 the difference in giving seen between the silhouette-based requests and the photo-based ones.While the findings point to the feel-good 63 behind giving, other research will have to address the question of why givers get that positive emotional boost. Do people feel rewarded when they give because they think about the happiness of the recipient — or do they feel good because they see themselves as 64 and that self-esteem boost (自信心增强) is mood-enhancing? Such information could help charities 65 their messages to maximize their effectiveness.51. A. Since B. Although C. If D. As52. A. passive B. earnest C. impersonal D. selfish53. A. for example B. on the contrary C. as a result D. on the other hand54. A. plain B. ugly C. specific D. frightened55. A. accident B. threat C. solution D. tragedy56. A. ruins B. stimulates C. lowers D. skips57. A. anger B. guilt C. regret D. joy58. A. desire B. mind C. victim D. stuff59. A. actions B. beliefs C. images D. emotions60. A. edge B. rise C. turn D. division61. A. monitor B. target C. activate D. interrupt62. A. resulted from B. counted on C. accounted for D. subjected to63. A. motivations B. compliment s C. ambitions D. requests64. A. executive B. justified C. innocent D. generous65. A. conceal B. tailor C. obtain D. delete51. B 52. D 53.A 54.C 55.D 56.C 57.B 58.C 59.D 60.B 61. C 62. C 63.A 64.D 65.B7 杨浦Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.There are many things parents can do to help children with autism (自闭症) overcome their challenges. Learning all you can about autism and getting __51__ in treatment will go a long way toward helping your child. Additionally, the following tips will make daily home life easier for both you and your autistic child:•Be consistent（一致的）. Children with autism have a hard time __52__ what they’ve learned if there is a change of setting. For example, your child may use sign language at school to communicate, but never think to do so at home.Creating __53__ in your child’s environment is the best way to reinforce learning.Find out what your child’s therapists are doing and continue their techniques at home. Explore the __54__ of having therapy take place in more than one place in order to encourage your child to __55__ what he or she has learned from one environment to another. It’s also important to be consistent in the way you __56__ with your child and deal with challenging behaviors.•__57__ a schedule. Children with autism tend to do best when they have a highly-structured schedule or routine. Again, this goes back to the consistency they both need and crave. Set up a schedule for your child, with __58__ times for meals, therapy, school, and bedtime. Try to keep disturbance to this routine to a __59__. If there is an unavoidable schedule change, prepare your child for it __60__.•__61__ good behavior. Positive reinforcement can go a long way with children with autism, so make an effort to “catch them doing something good.” Praise them when they act appropriately or learn a new skill, being very __62__ about what behavior they’re being praised for.•Pay attention to your child’s sensory sensitivities.Many children with autism are hypersensitive to light, sound, touch, taste, and smell. Other children with autism are “under-sensitive” to se nsory stimuli. __63__ what sights, sounds, smells and movements cause your kid’s “bad” or disruptive behaviors and what brings about a(n) __64__ response. If you understand what affects your child, you’ll be better at solving problems, preventing situation s that cause difficulties, and creating __65__ experiences.51. A. encouraged B. balanced C. absorbed D. involved52. A. applying B. devoting C. communicating D. appealing53. A. attraction B. comfort C. steadiness D. attention54. A. possibility B. goal C. process D. solution55. A. transplant B. transfer C. transport D. transform56. A. meet B. interact C. negotiate D. associate57. A. Draw up B. Arrange for C. Work out D. Stick to58. A. regular B. flexible C. appropriate D. normal59. A. decrease B. mystery C. minimum D. secret60. A. without doubt B. in private C. without notice D. in advance61. A. Control B. Perform C. Reward D. Maintain62. A. curious B. specific C. particular D. anxious63. A. Figure out B. Account for C. Put up D. Take on64. A. automatic B. immediate C. positive D. quick65. A. frustrating B. successful C. professional D. unpleasant 51-65 D A C A B B D A C D C B A C B8 闸北Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A driving goal for most websites is for that site to be easily found by people looking for the products or services. One of the ways people may find these sites is via a search engine. With this in mind, companies obviously want their websites to ___51___ search engines as well.First of all, website content should be unique and timely. Only quality content ensures that customers will ___52___ your website and also recommend it to friends via links or through social channels. This act of sharing not only gives your site more chances of public ___53___ but it also helps to push up your search engine rankings, which extends huge psychological implication to other engine users as people tend to ___54___Now famous search engines such as Google use mobile friendliness as a ranking signal in their ranking algorithm(算法). Therefore, if your site is not ___55___for mobile devices, you are offering a less than ideal experience to some users and in result search engines will take the ___56___ into account.Another key ranking signal that Google and other search engines ___57___heavily is page speed and overall site performance. If your site is loaded with too many high-resolution images and videos or other elements, much viewing time will be caused. These will makes luggish, slow loading that frustrate and often drive away visitors. It’s time to ___58___ the page size as all the visitors appreciate faster download. Some are even willing to___59___better visual experiences for high viewing speed. As user preference stands on top of any search engine’s list of priority, search engines will look very ___60___upon the speed improvements of the websites.In addition, for a hot website, appropriate update frequency is also vital. Although the content is current and up to date when it is first launched, it will soon lose its ___61___with the explosion of other various online resources. If the content on your websites has appeared on other sites before, your website is sooner or later to be deserted because of human s’ nature of having a low ___62___ threshold(门槛). In turn, your website’s search ___63___ will drop drastically.Finally, don’t look down on customer experience. Too often people ignore the benefits of creating a viewing experience that is enjoyable. When assessing your website’s user friendliness, understand that ___64___ of use comes first, but do not discount the benefits of adding a bit of ___65___ into that experience as well.51. A. appeal to B. agree with C. remind of D. connect with52. A. establish B. frequent C. adjust D. evaluate53. A. specialization B. comment C. exposure D. strengthening54. A. calm down B. make progress C. watch out D. follow suit55. A. applicable B. superior C. temperate D. realistic56. A. emergency B. disadvantage C. guidance D. obligation57. A. weigh B. reserve C. represent D. revise58. A. decorate B. reduce C. acknowledge D. undertake59, A. enjoy B. eliminate C. trade D. prepare60. A. favourably B. intelligently C. necessarily D. fortunately61. A. sense B. wisdom C. freshness D. feature62. A. identity B. access C. value D. boredom63. A. vision B. ranking C. decision D. settlement64. A. ease B. direction C. opportunity D. recovery65. A. humour B. satisfaction C. delight D. sympathy51-55 ABCDA 56-60 BABCA 61-65 CDBAC9 黄埔Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Education plays an extremely important role I our life and deeply impacts the society. However, how does society influence education?Before understanding the influence of society on education, we must ___51___ society. Society is an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization. It is characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals. It is a group of individuals who ___52___ a common system of customs, values and laws. From the definition of society, it is clear that we human beings are its building ___53___. As we interact with people, try to understand their thinking styles and ___54___ patterns, we soon realize that there is so much to learn from them. Society is the greatest ___55___ of education. Don’t you think so?We cannot ___56___ the impact of society on the education system alone. We need to understand the role of society in the ___57___ development of an individual. Even before we become a part of the education system, we start learning from our surroundings. And during the process of formal education, we ___58___ take ‘non-formal’ from society. Yes, our interactions with our fellow-beings, our observations about their social behaviour and our understanding of social norms ___59___ us to face life. True, educational ___60___, like schools, colleges and universities play a very important role in our education. But, we cannot ignore the fact that we。

上海市嘉定区2019届高三英语下学期质量调研(二模)试题(含解析)

2.3 水分子的变化第一课时水的分解【学习目标】1、通过分析水的电解的实验现象，了解产物的验证方法，明确化学变化是有条件的，且化学变化过程中伴随着能量变化。

2、结合具体的化学反应，认识分解反应并能正确判断反应类型。

3、通过对水的分解的微观分析，初步认识化学变化的实质，并建立宏观与微观相联系的思维方式，培养学生的化学微粒观。

【重点难点】重点：分析电解水的实验现象，通过实验结论得出化学变化的发生条件，并认识化学反应的微观实质。

难点：围观分析化学反应的实质，建立化学的微粒观。

【教学过程】回顾复习：水在加热蒸发和冷凝过程中，水分子的哪些方面发生了改变？生1:水分子获得能量，运动加快，分子间间隔增大，由液态→气态；生2：水分子失去能量，运动减慢，分子间间隔减小，由气态→液态。

师：在这两个反应中，水分子本身改变了吗？生：水分子本身没有改变，只是改变了分子间隔和排列方式。

师：现在，我们改变反应条件，给水通入直流电，水分子会发生什么改变？这就是我们今天要学习的内容。

问题导学一：水的电解1、请同学们思考以下问题：（1）在水中加入稀硫酸溶液或氢氧化钠溶液的目的是什么？（2）仔细观察两只玻璃管内液面有何变化？（3）两个电极分别有何变化？它们之间有什么关系？2、观看实验的模拟动画：（1）介绍实验装置：水电解器、直流电源（电池）。

（2）在水中加入稀硫酸溶液或氢氧化钠溶液的目的是增强水的导电性。

师：继续操作实验，逐步引导学生观察：生1：观察到两只玻璃管内液面均下降；生2：两个电极均有气泡产生，且与正极相连的电极气体体积与负极相连的电极气体体积比为1：2；师：两只玻璃管内液面下降后的空间为空白吗？生：不是，是电极上产生的气体。

师：那这些气体是不是水蒸气呢？化学小知识：在化学上，常根据某物质特意的变化现象来验证该物质。

氧气：带火星的木条检验，现象：带火星的木条复燃。

氢气：点燃的木条检验，现象：气体能燃烧，火焰呈淡蓝色。

师：现在我们就来验证这两个电极产生的气体究竟是不是水蒸气：操作一：用一根点燃的火柴接近液面下降较多的玻璃尖嘴处，慢慢打开活塞。

2019学年交大附中(嘉定分校)高三下英语阶段测试

II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Video Games Foster Creativity?Video games that foster creative freedom can increase creativity under certain conditions, according to new research from lowa State University. The experimental study compared the effect of playing the popular world-building game Mine-craft（《我的世界》）, with or without instruction, to watching a TV show or playing a race car video game. Those (21) ________ (give) the freedom to play Mine-craft without instruction were most creative."It's not just that Mine-craft can help induce - creativity. There seems to be something about choosing to do it that also matters," said Douglas Gentile, a professor of psychology.(22) ________ you are not familiar with the game, Gentile says Mine-craft is like a virtual Lego world. The game, which has sold more than 100 million copies, allows players to explore unique worlds and create anything they can imagine. Study participants randomly assigned to play Mine-craft were split into two groups. The one receiving instruction was told to play as creatively as possible.After 40 minutes of play or watching TV, the 352 participants completed several creativity tasks. (23) ________ (measure) creative production, they were asked to draw a creature from a world much different than Earth. More human-like creatures scored low for creativity and those less human-like scored high. Surprisingly, those instructed to be creative while playing Mine-craft were (24) ________ (creative).Gentile says there's no clear explanation for this finding. In the paper published by Creativity Research Journal, he, Jorge Blanco-Herrera, lead author and former master's student in psychology; and Jeffrey Rokkum, former Ph.D. student in psychology, outlined possible reasons why the instructed Mine-craft group scored lower than the other groups. Blanco-Herrera says the instructions may have changed subject's motivation for play."(25) ________ (tell) to be creative may have actually limited their options while playing, resulting in a less creative experience," Blanco - Herrera said. "It's also possible they used all their 'creative juices' while playing and had (26) ________ when it came time to complete the test."Video games can have both harmful and beneficial effects. Gentile's previous research has shown the amount, content and context of video games (27) ________ (influence) what players learn through repeated experiences. (28) ________ must of Gentile's research has focused on aggression or pro-social behavior, he says the same appears to be true for creativity.Most video games encourage players to practice some level of creativity. For example, players may create a character and story for role-playing games or be rewarded for creative strategies, in competitive games. The researchers say even first-person shooter games (29) ________ potentially inspire creativity as players think about strategy and look for advantages in combat."The research is staring to tell a more interesting nuanced picture. Our results are similar to other gaming research (30) ________ ________ you get better at what you practice, but how you practice might matter just as much." Gentile said.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beEducation officials and industry experts are debating the future of online learning. The discussion is important because recently hundreds of universities in the United States have moved classes online because of the __31__ of the new coronavirus.For Asha Choksi, the rise of internet - based or online study programs has led to major improvements in higher education."What it’s done is, it's actually given a lot more power to students in terms of how, when and where they learn," the head of research for Pearson Education told VOA. Her company is __32__ online learning programs.Colleges and universities worldwide have been looking for ways to provide satisfactory education off campus and outside of __33__ business hours. The decision by many schools in the U. S. to suspend in-person classes during the recent coronavirus crisis has shown how important online teaching can be. And demand for such programs is increasing.The financial advising company Tyton Partners __34__ the online program management industry at over $ 1.5 billion in 2015.Choksi, however, argues that her company is __35__ a path to higher education for people who might not have been able to get a degree otherwise.Pearson Education is one of a growing number of companies that __36__ with schools to create online study aids and full degree programs. Classes meet online through video __37__. In this way, students are able to __38__ with each other and their professors even when they are far away from school.Online learning also permits older students, who work full-time and support families, to work on their education in their free time. It can be helpful for people who might have difficulty coming to a college campus, such as disabled students or those who live far from any college or university.However, recent research suggests the majority of college students and professors prefer in-person instruction. In addition, some experts are __39__ that companies in charge of online learning programs are not clear about the policies they have with the schools they serve.Last year, the EDUCATUSE Center for Analysts and Research published two opinion studies on online higher education programs. Researchers asked over 40,000 American undergraduate students and 9,500 professors what they thought about these programs. In both groups, at least 70 percent of people said they would rather teach or learn in a(n) __40__ classroom.III. Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The oral microbiome - the sum total of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, that occupy the human mouth - was the subject of a citizen science driven study by Jessica Metcalf's research lab at CSU and Nicole Garneau's research team at the Denver Museum of Nature &Science. Published in Scientific Reports, the study found, among other things, a correlation（互相关联）between people who did not visit the dentist regularly and __41__ presence of a pathogen （病原体）that causes periodontal disease.For the experiments, carried out by Garneau's community science team in the Genetics of Taste Lab at the museum, a wide cross - section of museum visitors answered simple questions about their demographics（人口统计资料）, lifestyles and oral health __42__. Microbial（微生物的）DNA sequencing data analyzed by Met-calf's group revealed, broadly, that teeth - cleaning routines affect the communities of bacteria in the __43__ and beyond. The study highlighted the need to think about oral health as __44__ linked to our overall health."Our study also showed that using community scientists can be a really good way to get this type of __45__, without having to use large, case-controlled studies," said Zach Burcham, a postdoctoral researcher and the paper's lead author. Senior author Met-calf is an associate professor in the Department of Animal Sciences and a member of CSU's Micro-biome Network.The study __46__ people who flossed（用牙线清洁牙齿）or didn't floss (almost everyone said they brushed, so that wasn't a useful data point). Participants who flossed were found to have relatively __47__ microbial diversity in their mouths compared with non-flossers. This is most likely due to the physical removal of bacteria that could be causing disease.Adults who had gone to a __48__ in the last three months had lower overall microbial diversity in their mouths than those who hadn't gone in 12 months or longer, and had less of the periodontal disease - causing oral pathogen. This, __49__, was probably due to dental cleaning removing rarer bacteria in the mouth. Youth tended to have had a dental visit more recently than adults.Youth microbiomes were __50__ among males and females, and by weight. Children considered obese according to their body mass indices had distinct microbiomes as compared to non-obese children. The obese children also tended to have higher levels of Treponema, the same pathogen found in adults who hadn't been to the dentist in more than a year. __51__, the researchers saw a possible link between childhood obesity and periodontal disease. "This was very interesting to me, that we were able to detect these data in such a general population, with such a variable group of people," Burcham said.Other data uncovered: The microbiomes of younger participants, mostly in the eight-to nine-year-old range, had more diversity than those of adults. __52__, adult microbiomes varied more widely from person to person. The researchers think this is due to the environments and diets of adults being more wide-ranging than those of __53__ .They also saw that people who lived in the same household had __54__ oral microbiomes."When you look at families who live together, you find they share more of those __55__ types of bacteria of bacteria that aren't found as often in higher abundances," Burcham explained. It was a data point that emphasized the relevance of one's built environment in relationship to the microbial communities in our bodies.41. A. increased B. unlikely C. expected D. rare42. A. problems B. conditions C. habits D. plans43. A. body B. mouth C. world D. life44. A. gradually B. poorly C. slightly D. strongly45. A. experiment B. study C. data D. findings46. A. involved B. grouped C. ignored D. assessed47. A. limited B. average C. biological D. rich48. A. hospital B. check C. dentists D. clinic49. A. therefore B. again C. moreover D. however50. A. harmful B. common C. special D. different51. A. In other words B. To sum up C. In addition D. To our surprise52. A. By contrast B. Meanwhile C. However D. Furthermore53. A. peers B. seniors C. professionals D. children54. A. various B. similar C. harmful D. unique55. A. rare B. common C. unknown D. scarceSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Extreme sorrow claws my mind. I am a statistic. When I first got here, I felt very much lonely. I found no sympathy. I saw only thousands of others whose bodies were as badly damaged as mine. I was given a number and placed in a category, which was called "traffic death".The day I died was an ordinary school day. How I wish I had taken the bus! But I was too cool for the bus, I remember how I wheedled（哄骗）the car out of Mom. "Special favor," I pleaded. "All the kids drive." After school, I rushed to the parking lot, excited at the thought of driving a car and being my own boss.It doesn't matter how the accident happened, I was going too fast, taking crazy chances. But I was enjoying my freedom and having fun. The last thing I remember was passing an old lady who seemed to be going awfully slow. I heard a crash and felt a terrific shake. Glass and steel flew everywhere. My whole body seemed to be turning inside out. I heard myself scream.Suddenly, I awakened. It was very quiet. I saw a police officer and a doctor. I was covered in blood. Pieces of jagged glass were sticking out all over. Strange that I couldn't feel anything. Hey, don't pull that sheet over my head. I can't be dead. I'm only 17. I'm supposed to have a wonderful life ahead of me. I haven't lived yet. I can't be dead!Later I was placed in drawer. My folks came to identify me. Why did they see me like this? Why did I have to look at Mom's eyes when she faced the most terrible ordeal of her life? Dad suddenly looked very old. He told the man in charge, "Yes - He is our son."Please - somebody - wake me up! Get me out of here. I can't bear to see Mom and Dad in such pain. My grandparents are so weak from grief they can barely walk. My brother and sister move like robots.Please don't bury me! I'm not dead! I promise if you give me just one more chance, God, I'll be the most careful driver in the whole world. All I want is one more chance. Please., God. I'm only 17.56. Why did the writer become a statistic?A. Because he studied statistics（统计学）in school.B. Because he felt very lonely at that moment.C. Because he was dead as result of a traffic accident.D. Because he made a fatal mistake in statistics.57. Where did the traffic accident take place?A. On his way to schoolB. On his way home.C. Near a police station.D. Near an old lady's house.58. What was the cause of the accident?A. He was driving too fast.B. He was too young to drive.C. He wanted to avoid knocking down an old lady.D. He was not familiar with the road condition.59. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?A. How Careless a Young Drive Is!B. Dead at 17C. An Avoidable TragedyD. Stay Safe on the Road(B)Shanghai Disneyland Annual PassShanghai Disneyland is a place where every moment is packed with joy, surprises, romance, fantasy and excitement. It's place where friends and families come together to enjoy magical adventures, and with the new Annual Pass, available from January 25,2019. Guests will be able to enjoy a whole year of never ending magic! Start your year-long magical journey today from the moment you purchase the new Annual Pass!As a pass Holder, you'll enjoy exclusive benefits, including a full year of events and parties, Disney Character greetings, and discounts on delicious food and merchandise! You'll also receive invitations to special events and so much more!There are three types of Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass (Different pass types are subjectAnnual Pass Calendar" page on the Shanghai Disney Resort official website and the Shanghai Disney Resort official WeChat Account. Guests will have visibility for the following three months of the Pass calendar (including the current month). The Pass calendar for a new month will be released in the middle of each month. We may restrict the number of persons with access to the Park due to capacity.Launch Channel:From January 25, 2019, guests can purchase the Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass through the Shanghai Disney Resort official WeChat account, the Shanghai Disney Resort official WeChat Mini Program "E-gift Ticket," the Shanghai Disneyland Main Entrance ticket booths, and the Shanghai Disney Resort Reservation Centre at 400 - 180 - 0000 or +86-21-3158-0000. The Annual Pass can be redeemed and used to enter the park from January 25,2019.From February 15,2019, guests can purchase the Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass via theShanghai Disney Resort Official Website and app. The Annual Pass can be redeemed（兑换）and used to enter the park from February 15,2019.Annual Pass Holders must redeem their Annual Passes at the Shanghai Disneyland Main Entrance ticket booths during park hours every day.Thank you for your understanding and cooperation!60. Which of the following ISN'T a selling point of the Shanghai Disneyland Annual Pass?A. Lower prices while shopping in the resort.B. Meeting your favorite Disney character.C. Access to special activities.D. Fast-pass to the not attractions.61. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. You can't use an Annual Pass on the day you buy it.B. Once you buy an Any-day Annual Pass, you can enjoy yourself in Shanghai Disneyland any day in one year.C. On May 9th, a Pass Holder can know the Pass calendar of August.D. Weekday + Sunday Annual Pass holders have at least 205 more days of park access than Sunday Annual Pass holders.62. John can buy a Sunday Annual Pass on January 30,2019 through the following channels EXCEPT ________.A. the E-gift Ticket mini programB. +86-21-3158-0000C. the Shanghai Disney Resort Official WebsiteD. the Shanghai Disneyland Main Entrance ticket booths(C)Apple on Tuesday said its revenue fell 5 percent in the first quarter, compared with $ 88.3 billion a year earlier, as chief executive Tim Cook admitted that people are holding on to their iPhones longer.Revenue from the maker of iPhones came in at $84.31 billion, slightly higher than the company estimated earlier this month, when it warned that sales would fall to about $84 billion. At the time, Cook cited a slowdown in China's economy as well as President Trump's trade war for weakening iPhone demand. It was Apple's first warning in more than 15 years.Apple's stock jumped more than 4 percent in after-hours trading.In its results, Apple aid net sales of iPhones were down by more than $9 billion compared with the same quarter last year. Cook conceded that many Apple users are "holding on to their older iPhones a bit longer than in the past," which contributed to lower iPhone demand. But he also pointed to shifts in foreign exchange（外汇）values that made Apple products more expensive in certain markets.Consumers are holding on to their smart-phones for three years or longer. The Washington Post reported last month. But higher selling prices - with some high-end models costing over $1,000 - have been able to compensate for fewer new phones sold.Sales increased in other categories such as services, wearables and tablets. Altogether, Apple reported net income of $ 19.97 billion for the quarter compared to $ 20,01 billion in the same period a year earlier. The popularity of Apple's smart-watch has driven significant growth in the company's wearables segment, according to the company."Our wearables business is approaching the size of a Fortune 200 company," said chief financial officer Luca Maestri.While Cook acknowledged the continuing economic slowdown in China, he said it is "not in our DNA to stand around waiting for macroeconomic conditions to improve." One effort Apple is undertaking in response, Cook added, is to encourage customers to trade in their old devices and receive credit toward purchasing new phones. Apple offered deep discounts on its iPhone XR around the holidays, for instance, for people trading in recent devices.More than two-thirds of Apple customers in China who bought an iPad or a Mac last quarter were first-time purchasers of those devices, Cook said.Apple, which became the world's first company worth $1 trillion（万亿）last year, also said it is expecting lower revenues next quarter - between $ 55 billion and $ 59 billion - compared with the same time last year, when it reported revenues of % 61.6 billion. The company attributed the lower guidance to the same foreign exchange and macroeconomic factors it cited for the quarter that ended in December.Shareholders were already reeling from（感受到……的负面影响）Apple's acknowledgement this week of a major flaw in its mobile operating system that allowed attackers to eavesdrop（窃听）on the recipient of Face-Time calls. Apple told users it is aware of the issue and that it plans to release a software update this week.Tuesday marked the first of Apple's earnings reports in which the company did not report the number of iPhones it sold in the quarter. But the company did say that the total number of iPhones active world-wide now stands at 900 million - a positive sign for Apple as it seeks to convert many of its customers into users of its services such as Apple Pay and Apple Music.62. According to Tim Cook, all of the following accounted for weakening iPhone demand EXCEPT ________.A. Apple users keep their Apple devices longer than beforeB. the macroeconomic conditions home and abroad were not idealC. the changing foreign exchange valuesD. a major bug in its mobile operating system63. What can we learn from the underlined sentence?A. Apple is about to take the initiative to turn around its business.B. Apple is not good at dealing with macroeconomic conditions in a foreign country.C. Apple is not worried about China's economic slowdown because of its huge consumer base.D. Apple is sure of overcoming the temporary downturn in sales with its technology.64. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. One of Apple's goals is that tis services can appeal to more consumers.B. On Tuesday, Apple didn't publicize its earnings reports because of its poor performance.C. Apple's wearables category has a good chance of surpassing a Fortune 200 company.D. iPhone's increased prices contribute to the drop in iPhones sold worldwide.65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Apple has sold 900 million iPhones around the world.B. Apple was the world's most valuable company at one point last year.C. Tim Cook was confident about Apple's future revenues despite current difficulty.D. An increasing number of users began to dislike their Apple devices.Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence canChopsticks, or kuaizi in Chinese, are a pair of small equal - length tapered sticks, usually made of wood, used for eating Asian food. It is believed the first chopsticks were developed over 5,000 years ago in China. The earliest evidence of a pair of chopsticks made out of bronze was excavated from the Ruins of Yin near Anyang, Henan province, dating back to roughly 1,200 BC.Chopsticks play an important role in Chinese food culture ________ 67________ They are round on the eating end which symbolizes heaven, and the other end is square which symbolizes earth. This is because maintaining an adequate food supply is the greatest concern between heaven and earth.Chopsticks are so frequently used in daily life that they have become more than a kind of tableware and have helped develop a set of etiquette and customs of their own. ________68________ While the principles of chopstick etiquette are similar in many of these places, the finer points may differ from region to region, and there is no single standard for the use of chopsticks. Generally, chopsticks are not used to make noise, to draw attention, or to gesticulate（做手势）.________ 69________ For example, you can buy a pair of exquisite chopsticks as a gift for your friends and relatives. In Chinese, "chopsticks" reads "kuaizi," which means to have sons soon, so a newly - married couple will be very happy to accept chopsticks as their wedding gift. Skillful craftsmen paint beautiful scenery on chopsticks to make them like fine artworks. Many people love to collect these elegant utensils.It has been said that using chopsticks improves one's memory, increases finger dexterity and can be useful in learning and improving skills such as Chinese character printing and brush painting. Many Asian superstitions（迷信）revolve around chopsticks as well. For example, if you find an uneven pair of chopsticks at your table setting, it is believed you will miss the next train, boat or plane you are trying to catch. ________70________.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.China's Film Industry Finally Joins the Space RaceChina was a latecomer to space exploration, and in the movies, it has been a latecomer to science fiction, too. But that is about to change.The country's first blockbuster set in space，The Wandering Earth, opens Tuesday amid greatexpectations that it will represent the dawning of a new era in Chinese filmmaking.The Wandering Earth, shown in 3-D, takes place in a distant future in which the Sun is about to expand into a red giant and devour（吞噬）Earth. Therefore, earth's governments rally and come up with a novel solution: they attempt to use 10,000 gigantic jets, known as the Earth Engines, to blast Earth out of its orbit and off on a hundred - generation journey to a new home 4.2 light-years away. However, a malfunction of the Earth Engine system leaves the planet caught in Jupiter's gravity, and gradually being pulled toward destruction. A group of workers have to race against time to reactivate the jets and correct the Earth's course.So far, the reviews have been positive. "Film-makers in China see science fiction as a holy grail (an ultimate goal)," said Raymond, an independent critic, who noted that Hollywood had set the technological standards, and thus audience expectations, very high.The Wandering Earth is adapted from a novel by Liu Cixin, the writer who has led a renaissance （复兴）in science fiction here, becoming the first Chinese winner of the Hugo Award, the top award in science fiction, in 2015. His novels are sprawling epics and deeply researched. That makes them plausible fantasies about humanity's encounters with a dangerous universe.The openings also come as China reached a milestone in space: the landing of a probe on the far side of the moon in January. Although decades behind Russia and the United States, China has now put astronauts in orbit and has ambitious plans to join - or even lead - a new age of space exploration.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 这次意外受伤使得这位足坛后起之秀无法在海外继续打拼了。

嘉定区届高三二模英语卷答案听力文稿

高三年级英语学科教学质量测试卷参考答案I.Listening comprehension1-5BACBD6-10CCBAD11-13CAB14-16BAD17-20ACDCII.Grammar and vocabulary21.whose22.that23.the24.was diagnosed25.to live26.between27.Convinced28.witnessing29.Although/though/While30.what/as31-35ICFKE36-40JDAGHIII.Reading comprehension41-45BDACC46-50DABBA51-55DBCAC56-59ADBC60-62BAD63-66BDBA67-70DFBAIV.Summary writingRomans was made up of two classes:patricians and plebeians.Patricians,the nobles,inherited power and controlled the government while plebeians,the common people,who used to have few rights,gradually gained various rights through struggles.From300B.C.,the distinction between them was less obvious as many plebeians became nobles,and Rome was still controlled by nobles.V.Translation72.The suggestion he put forward at the meeting is worth giving a second though.ws and policies should adapt to the developing needs of our society.74.On no account can you let any difficulties discourage/best you,for you can never tell how close you may be to success.75.Parents try to shelter/protect their children from problems and even make important decisions for them,which will do harm to be harmful to/be bad for the growth of their children.VI.Writing略Section BDirections:In section B,you will hear two short passages and one conversation,and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and four questions for the conversation.The passages and conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions14through16are based on the following passage.Ahmed Zewail was an Egyptian chemist.He won a scholarship for doctoral studies in the United States at the age of23.When he arrived at the University of Pennsylvanian in1969,he was painfully aware that his homeland was seen as a loser in the technilogical race.His English was so poor that his new university colleagues even wondered whether he could finish the task in the chemistry lab.After earning his doctor’s degree,he spent two years of research at the University of California.Then he went to California Institute of Technology in1976and worked there for40years.When he won a Nobel Prize in chemistry,he had a new mission:bringing wold-class science education to Egypt.He was well aware that modern science is the generator of econimic well-being,so he flew to Egypt,his homeland,to meet with Presisent and proposed the creation of a university of science and technology.The university won goverment permisssion to begin enrolling students in Dec.2012.Dr.Zewail died in2016,a few years after the creation of a university near Cairo named after him.Egyptian President attended his military funeral.Although military funerals sre usually held for military personel.Zewail received the highest Egyptian state honor.（Now listen again please.）Questions:14.When did the University named after him begin to enroll students?15.what did Dr.Zewail do to improve Egyptian education?16.Why was Dr.Zewail given a military funeral?Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.M:Today,we have Professor Mckay on our morning talk show.Good morning,Professor Mckay.I‘ve heard that you and your team have just completed a report om old age.W:That’s right.Well,the report basically looks into the various beliefs that people hold。

2019届嘉定区高考英语二模

Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection A (10分)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Eat healthier without quitting sugarNot long ago, fat was regarded as the evil for a healthy diet. Before that it was salt. Nowthe sugar-free diet (21) ________ (explode) onto the health scene –and seems to have toppedmany people’s list of New Year’s resolutions.Sugar-free diets encourage people to avoid sweetener such as honey, soft drinks and somecates note thatfruits. Some also recommend (22) ______(restrict) dairy products. The diet’s advo excessive sugar consumption may increase the risk of heart disease and some cancers. So manysugar-free followers avoid milk, yoghurt and cheese (23)________ _________ the assumption thatthese products contain sugars.true we are swallowing too much of the sweet stuff, with the average American It’sconsuming around 20 teaspoons of (24)_____________ (add) sugar a day. But you don’t need(25)________ __________ (quit) sugar for healthy eating. Quitting sugar is unlikely to improveyour health any more than cutting down on over-processed foods and eating more vegetables.Research shows dieting is not effective over the long term and can lead to greater weightgain over time. The brain interprets dieting and restriction as hunger, (26) ________ causes thestorage of fat. Besides, the sugar-free diet is confusing and imposes a set of rules that (27)________ (make) up without scientific evidence. Such a restrictive diet can create food fear or anunhealthy relationship with food. People who worry about food are more likely to diet. This maybe (28) ________ they are worried about their weight, or about the impact certain nutrients haveon their health.Through series of experiments, (29) ________ the researchers are certain about is that youcan eat plenty of plants, enjoy whole grains and beans. Fruit is you friend, not your enemy. Mostpeople could probably eat a little less sugar, a little (30) ________ (often), but you donquit it for good to be healthy.Section B (10分)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in thebox. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A. picturingB. separatedC. varyD. celebrationE. complicatedF. vastG. roughlyH. mythicalI. delicatelyJ. stressK. distinguishingThe United Nations’ series of “language days” are designed to promote the use of the six official languages of the UN as well as to celebrate cultural and linguistic diversity（语言多样性）.in with the ChineseChinese Language Day is the 20th April. It’s a time chosen to fit31 of Guyu（古语）, which honours Cangjie –the four-eyed 32 figure who istraditionally understood to have created Chinese characters in the time of the Yellow Emperor,5000 years ago.Mandarin（普通话）is the most-spoken language in the world, with over 1.5 billion speakers.When most people think of “Chinese”,it is Mandarin that they are 33 . But MandarinChinese is far from the only variant of the Chinese language—or the only language spoken inChina. In fact, there are a great number of Chinese languages. Remember—this is a country whichis both very large and very, very old. Different regions are within the 34 expanse ofterritory, that is, China can be 35 not only by great distances but also by broadlygeographical features such as mountain ranges.It is hard to guess how many dialects actually exist. In general, dialects can be 36classified into one of the seven large groups: Putonghua (Mandarin), Gan, Kejia (Hakka), Min,Wu, Xiang, and Yue (Cantonese). Each language group contains a large number of dialects.Understanding the situation is 37 by the fact that, while many Chinese people indifferent geographical areas of the country may not understand each other when they speak theirregional dialect, they may share the same written language even if their pronunciation of differentcharacters within that language may_____38_____.A ____39____ feature across all Chinese languages is tone. For instance, Mandarin has fourtones and Cantonese has six tones. Tone, in terms of language, is the pitch (高音) in whichsyllables (音节) in words are spoken. In Chinese, different words ___40____different keys. Somewords even have pitch variations in one single syllable.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When Elinor Ostrom won the Nobel Prize for her research on economic governance in2009, it was the first (and so far, the only) time a woman won a Nobel for Economics. That prizehas 41 for nearly 50 years. We don’t do a great job of recognizing women’s contributions to science and innovation. My colleagues and I wondered; Is one of the reasons why women aremore likely to 42 science than men because they don’t receive the same recognition?To understand how 43 shapes women’s motivation to remain in science, we firsthad to get a good measure of the motivations. We sought to first study a highly visible 44 ,prizes, because large prizes tend to be understood and appreciated by the broader public, and theyalso influence those who make decisions about scientific 45 and other financial support.Our study focused on prizes in the biomedical sciences. If we’re going to find 46anywhere in science, it would be in this field. Women have entered biomedicine in equal numbersto men since the early 2000s. 47 this, of all Nobels awarded to women, a full two-thirdshave been for biomedical research. Our 48 was simple: we documented all biomedicalresearch prizes we could find over the past five decades. We also considered the financial awardsand importance associated with the prizes, as indicators of their 49 . Then we measured thepercentage of prizes won by women and the association between gender and prize quality.Our initial results highlighted overall 50 news; the proportion of biomedical prizesawarded to women has risen steadily. But when we looked at the association between gender andquality of prizes awarded, we observed a major difference: on average, women scientists winprizes associated with less money and importance than men do. Importantly, our further research51 that the quality or value of women-led research is any lower thansuggests that there’s nothat of men, as measured by citations （引用）per article, productivity, or width of research topicsstudied. 52 , women are catching up in terms of number of prizes won, but still fallsignificantly behind in regard to the importance and monetary awards associated with the prizes.The bottom line: while on the surface it may appear that the gender gap has somewhat53 when it comes to science prizes, great injustice is hidden just below. The problem likely54 beyond the borders of science. In business, for example, prizes and funding for newtechnolog and innovation may follow a similar pattern, helping to explain the phenomenonobserved for female entrepreneurs, again 55 by research. This is something worthexamining in greater depth.41. A. remained B. awarded C. existed D. established42. A. leave B. doubt C. question D. suspect43. A. contribution B. recognition C. resolution D. promotion44. A. indicator B. substance C. confirmation D. compliment45. A. experiments B. innovation C. study D. grants46. A. gender equality B. research prospectsC. innovation patternsD. government control47. A. In line with B.Contrary to C. Compared with D. In case of48. A. concept B. outcome C. requirement D. approach49. A. improvement B. quality C. accomplishment D. reputation50. A. vague B. sudden C. good D. fundamental51. A. description B. evidence C. document D. comparison52. A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Nevertheless53. A. highlighted B. eliminated C. strengthened D. narrowed54. A. dominates B. extends C. overtakes D. justifies55. A. turned out B. taken on C. backed up D. held upSection B (22分)Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)argued Thomas “The history of the world is but the biography（传记）of great men,”　Carlyle, the advocate of what has come to be known as the “Great Man Theory of History.”theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership ofgreat individuals who had unique influence on their times. Whether or not Carlyle’s theory true is debatable, but that certain individuals cast long shadows is not.As one who is entrusted with a leadership position, I find it profitable to read of otherswho have led. Wherever you find me, you’ll likely find a good biography nearby. Why is this thecase?First, I find good biographies fascinating. I’ll occasionally read a novel, but I’ve neve drawn to fiction. I have found myself unable to sleep while in the struggle of the Battle of Britainin William Manchester’s The Last Lion. For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasurein my life.Second, I find good biographies informative. A good biographer tells not only the story ofa person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through anintellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantlysurprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. You’ll find no better account ofthe British Empire at its peak than the opening chapters of Manchester’s Visions of Glory, volum one of his The Last Lion, Strictly speaking , a biography is but a slice of history.Third, I find good biographies relaxing. Winston Churchill once noted a man who workswith his hands should have a hobby that engages his hands. Another way to apply Churchill’ssaying is to combine technical, pen-in-hand vocational reading with leisurely biographical reading.Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering intoanother world.This is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who neglectsheir number.them. Don’t be counted among t56. What is implied in the first paragraph?A. The author finds Carlyle’s theory undebatable.B. Carlyle believes great men alone cannot create history.C. It is debatable whether one should read great men’s biographies.D. The author agrees that history is greatly influenced by certain men.57. What does the underlined phrase “other items” in the third paragraph refer to ?A. good biographiesB. stores of certain timesC. the volumes of The Last LionD. the chapters of the British Empire58. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The author considers biographical reading enjoyable.B. The author can travel to another world in the evening.C. The author has fought many battles during his lifetime.D. the author profits commercially by reading biographies.59. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article?A. To analyze the benefits of vocational reading.B. To introduce to readers his unique reading strategies.aphy reading.C. To present great men’s history through biogrD. To recommend biography reading through his own experiences.( B )AT&T International Day PassInternational travel tipsUse your domestic plan when you travel in over 100 countries for $10 a day. Add InternationalDay Pass to your existing plan before you go, then follow these tips to help manage costs andmake the most of your travels:How it worksWhile abroad, if you make or accept a call, listen to a voicemail, send a text, or use data, you willbe automatically charged $10 for 24-hour access to your domestic plan. During that period youcan:Use your domestic plan data to email, post on social media, translate languages and more.Make unlimited calls to countries included in International Day PassSend unlimited texts to the world.How to help manage costsIf you are outside of a 24-hour access period and you dn’t want to use your phone, turn offdata roaming（漫游）to avoid being charged $10 accidentally.Save date by connecting Wi-Fi, especially if you download, or send and receive large files.How to call, text and use data internationallyTo call or send a message to another country, dial + (country code) (local phone number)To use cellular data, turn on Cellular Data Roaming in your device SettingsTo call using Wi-Fi Calling, visit /wificalling for informationHow to remove International Day PassTo remove International Day pass, go to att. com/myatt or call+1.31.925.6925. Once removed,pay-per-use rates will apply unless you add another international travel feature of package to yourdevice. go to /travel for information on pay-per-use rates and products available bycountry.Note: INTERNATIONAL DAY PASS: Coverage not available in all areas. Int’l Day Pass may be removed if international talk, text, or data use exceeds （超过）50% of your total talk, text, or datause for two months.60. With the AT&T International Day Pass________.A. one can make unlimited calls to any country for $10 a day.B. the phone will automatically turn on Cellular Data RoamingC. the phone calling can enjoy a favorable price, saving your costD. one can save money by using WiFi to download or send large files61. According to the travel tips, which of the following is TURE?A. Without International Day Pass, one cannot make phone calls back to the US.B. $10 will be automatically charged if roaming remains turned on after 24 hours.C. Pay-per-use will apply when one forgets to remove the International Day Pass.D. The pass will be removed if the use of data exceeds the average monthly amount.62. Which of the following groups of people might be in the greatest need of the AT&TInternational Day Pass?A. People who have steeled abroad.B. People who work in AT&T overseas offices.C. People who have relatives in foreign countries.D. People who make frequent business trips abroad.（C）Escaping predators（食肉动物）, digestion and other animal activities---including those ofhumans --- require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life toobtain, several new studies reveal.In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive –an alarming trend that islinked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at the Helmholtz Center forOcean Research in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels worldwide. “We weresurprised by the intensity of the changes we saw, how rapidly oxygen is going down in the oceanand how large the effects on marine ecosystems are, “he says. It is no surprise to scientists that warming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Oxygenlevels in some tropical （热带的）regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the las 50years, some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with anaverage loss of 2 percent globally.A warming ocean loses oxygen for two reasons; First, the warmer a liquid becomes, the less gas it can hold. That is why carbonated drinks go flat faster when left in the sun. Second, as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above colder, more salty sea waters. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water down to deeper depths. And because all oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less of it at depth.Ocean animals large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by seeking refuge in higher oxygen zones or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into food-scarce regions. Climate change already poses serious problems for marine life, such as ocean acidification, but deoxygenation is the most pressing issue facing sea animals today, Oschlies says. After all, he says, “they all have to breathe.”Aside from food web problems, animals face various other physiological challenges as their bodies adjust to lower oxygen levels. Chinese shrimp（虾）move their tails less vigorously to preserve energy in lower oxygen environments. Some creatures, such as jellyfishes, are more tolerant of low oxygen than others are. But all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation because they all have evolved their oxygen capacity for a reason, says Oschlies. “Any d rop in oxygen is going to damage survivabilit y and performance,” he says.63. According to the first two paragraphs, what worries scientists the most?A. The worsening deoxygenation in the warming ocean.B. The survival of predators and various marine animals.C. The alarmingly changeable oxygen levels in the ocean.D. The lack of attention to the warming of tropical oceans.64. Which of the following is a reason for the oxygen loss in the ocean?A. Polar ice melting consumes much oxygen in the ocean.B. Global warming reduces the amount of oxygen in the air.C. The surface polar ice water prevents oxygen going down.D. Salty water holds less gas in the increasingly warmer ocean.65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Ocean deoxygenation changes some animals’ natural territories.B. Ocean acidification is more serious a problem than deoxygenation.C. Not all ocean animals are bothered by the decreasing oxygen levels.D. Some animals reduce their movements in order to absorb more oxygen.66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. The Oxygen Levels of Marine LifeB. Ocean Warming Affects Food WebC. The Survivability of Ocean AnimalsD. The Ocean Is Running Out of BreathSection C (8分)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. We believe it offers a way to receive support that is often lacking.B. The mentoring program was launched in 2013 in one of the police forces in England andWales.C. Formal mentoring programs provide an opportunity to encourage the discussion of difficultand sensitive topics.D. However, what we are wondering is why mentoring has such great impact on mentors as well as mentees.--- which they E. Mentors heard the ir mentees’ accounts of anxicty and realized these feelingsalso shared --- were common.F. We know far less, however about how mentoring might benefit mentors themselves.Decades of research has demonstrated how junior employees benefit from being mentoredjob （指导）. Guidance from senior colleagues has also been shown to enhance mentees’　performance and satisfaction. ____67____We were especially interested in understanding how mentoring might help mentors who work in stressful occupations. Mental health is a growing concern within occupations that play important social roles, such as medical professionals, firefighters, and police officers. And because policing is one of the most stressful occupations, with high levels of mental health and well-being difficulties, we conducted a study of a formal mentoring program in an English police force.________68________ It was designed to support the development of junior officers by giving them a way to discuss concerns and receive guidance. Our study involved two parts. First,we conducted a field experiment: we compared the mental health of 17 mentor-mentee pairs to a control group of 18 pairs of senior and junior officers that did not participate in the program. Second, we interviewed both the mentees and their mentors separately.Our experiment results showed that people who served as mentors experienced lower levels of anxiety, and described their job as more meaningful, than those who did not mentor. We learned from our interviews that mentoring afforded senior officers, as well as junior officers, a chance to discuss and reflect on concerns. ________69________By acknowledging that these anxieties were common, both mentees and mentors grew more comfortable in discussing them and in sharing different coping mechanisms.Why does mentoring have this impact on mentors? ________70________despite the pressures that comes with their roles --- including abuse, difficult decision making, and the risk of death --- police officers tend not to seek support from other officers, including more senior colleagues. This is to avoid negative stigma, a shameful reputation, associated with meatal health disorders. Mentoring thereby offered a way to build trust within a relationship that laid a foundation for open and honest communication of sensitive topics.Ⅳ. Summary writing (10分)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.An international team of researchers found employees who endure what is known asy on purpose by messing up tasks, arriving “abusive supervision” are more likely to behave poorllate, taking long breaks and putting in minimal effort.The authors of the study, published in the Journal of Management, sought to answer why horrible bosses make employees less willing to show what is known as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), or commitment to the company outside of their contractual obligations. That could include helping colleagues or volunteering for unusual work hours. They also assessed itseffect on a worker’s tendency to harm the organization, by displaying counterproductive（反作用的）work behavior (CWB)To find out more, and uncover which negative outcome bullying （欺凌）behavior is more likely to cause, researchers from Southwestern University of Finance and Economics in China, Renmin University of China and Swinburne University of Technology in Australia cooperated and analyzed 427 existing studies. They found workers acted out either because they felt they were being treated unfairly in the workplace, or felt stressed and this affected their ability to perform as expected. An employee who felt they were a victim of injustice tender more towards reluctance to show OCB. Stressed workers, meanwhile, were more associated with CWB.Employers who worried supervisors are affecting productivity can take steps to ease issues by regularly training managers, introducing policies which cope with workplace injustices and helping workers to deal with stress.This is not the first study to suggest unkind practices can affect the well-being of workers. The paper follows a study published in the European Heart Journal last year, which showed employees who suffer bullying are more likely to develop heart diseases than those who aren Bullying and violence are common at workplaces and those exposed to these stressors are at higher risk.Ⅴ. Translation (15分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 多亏了我们共同努力，最近项目有了进展。

2019年嘉定高三英语二模含答案

2019届嘉定区高考英语二模Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection A (10分)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Eat healthier without quitting sugarNot long ago, fat was regarded as the evil for a healthy diet. Before that is was salt. Now the sugar-free diet (21) ________ (explode) onto the health scene – and seems to have topped many people’s list of New Year’s resolutions.Sugar-free diets encourage people to avoid sweetener such as honey, soft drinks and some fruits. Some also recommend (22) ______(restrict) dairy products. The diet’s advocates note that excessive sugar consumption may increase the risk of heart disease and some cancers. So many sugar-free followers avoid milk, yoghurt and cheese (23)________ _________ the assumption that these products contain sugars.It’s true we are swallowing too much of the sweet stuff, with the average American consuming around 20 teaspoons of (24)_______ _______ (add) sugar a day. But you don’t need (25)________ __________ (quit) sugar for healthy eating. Quitting sugar is unlikely to improve your health any more than cutting down on over-processed foods and eating more vegetables.Research shows dieting is not effective over the long term and can lead to greater weight gain over time. The brain interprets dieting and restriction as hunger, (26) ________ causes the storage of fat. Besides, the sugar-free diet is confusing and imposes a set of rules that (27) ________ (make) up without scientific evidence. Such a restrictive diet can create food fear or an unhealthy relationship with food. People who worry about food are more likely to diet. This may be (28) ________ they are worried about their weight, or about the impact certain nutrients have on their health.Through series of experiments, (29) ________ the researchers are certain about is that you can eat plenty of plants, enjoy whole grains and beans. Fruit is you friend, not your enemy. Most people could probably eat a little less sugar, a little (30) ________ (often), but you don’t have to quit it for good to be healthy.Section B (10分)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in theofficial languages of the UN as well as to celebrate cultural and linguistic diversity（语言多样性）. Chinese Language Day is the 20th April. It’s a time chosen to fit in with the Chinese31 of Guyu（古语）, which honours Cangjie – the four-eyed 32 figure who istraditionally understood to have created Chinese characters in the time of the Yellow Emperor, 5000 years ago.Mandarin（普通话）is the most-spoken language in the world, with over 1.5 billion speakers. When most people think of “Chinese”, it is Mandarin that they are 33 . But Mandarin Chinese is far from the only variant of the Chinese language—or the only language spoken in China. In fact, there are a great number of Chinese languages. Remember—this is a country which is both very large and very, very old. Different regions are within the 34 expanse of territory, that is, China can be 35 not only by great distances but also by broadly geographical features such as mountain ranges.It is hard to guess how many dialects actually exist. In general, dialects can be 36 classified into one of the seven large groups: Putonghua (Mandarin), Gan, Kejia (Hakka), Min, Wu, Xiang, and Yue (Cantonese). Each language group contains a large number of dialects.Understanding the situation is 37 by the fact that, while many Chinese people in different geographical areas of the country may not understand each other when they speak their regional dialect, they may share the same written language even if their pronunciation of different characters within that language may_____38_____.A ____39____ feature across all Chinese languages is tone. For instance, Mandarin has four tones and Cantonese has six tones. Tone, in terms of language, is the pitch (高音) in which syllables (音节) in words are spoken. In Chinese, different words ___40____different keys. Some words even have pitch variations in one single syllable.Ⅱ. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When Elinor Ostrom won the Nobel Prize for her research on economic governance in 2009, it was the first (and so far, the only) time a woman won a Nobel for Economics. That prize has 41 for nearly 50 years. We don’t do a great job of recognizing women’s contributions to science and innovation. My colleagues and I wondered; Is one of the reasons why women are more likely to 42 science than men because they don’t receive the same recognition?To understand how 43 shapes women’s motivation to remain in science, we first had to get a good measure of the motivations. We sought to first study a highly visible 44 , prizes, because large prizes tend to be understood and appreciated by the broader public, and they also influence those who make decisions about scientific 45 and other financial support.Our study focused on prizes in the biomedical sciences. If we’re going to find 46 anywhere in science, it would be in this field. Women have entered biomedicine in equal numbers to men since the early 2000s. 47 this, of all Nobels awarded to women, a full two-thirds have been for biomedical research. Our 48 was simple: we documented all biomedical research prizes we could find over the past five decades. We also considered the financial awards and importance associated with the prizes, as indicators of their 49 . Then we measured the percentage of prizes won by women and the association between gender and prize quality.Our initial results highlighted overall 50 news; the proportion of biomedical prizes awarded to women has risen steadily. But when we looked at the association between gender and quality of prizes awarded, we observed a major difference: on average, women scientists win prizes associated with less money and importance than men do. Importantly, our further research suggeststhat there’s no 51 that the quality or value of women-led research is any lower than that of men, as measured by citations （引用）per article, productivity, or width of research topics studied.52 , women are catching up in terms of number of prizes won, but still fall significantly behind in regard to the importance and monetary awards associated with the prizes.The bottom line: while on the surface it may appear that the gender gap has somewhat 53 when it comes to science prizes, great injustice is hidden just below. The problem likely 54 beyond the borders of science. In business, for example, prizes and funding for newtechnolog and innovation may follow a similar pattern, helping to explain the phenomenon observed for female entrepreneurs, again 55 by research. This is something worth examining in greater depth.41. A. remained B. awarded C. existed D. established42. A. leave B. doubt C. question D. suspect43. A. contribution B. recognition C. resolution D. promotion44. A. indicator B. substance C. confirmation D. compliment45. A. experiments B. innovation C. study D. grants46. A. gender equality B. research prospectsC. innovation patternsD. government control47. A. In line with B.Contrary to C. Compared with D. In case of48. A. concept B. outcome C. requirement D. approach49. A. improvement B. quality C. accomplishment D. reputation50. A. vague B. sudden C. good D. fundamental51. A. description B. evidence C. document D. comparison52. A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Nevertheless53. A. highlighted B. eliminated C. strengthened D. narrowed54. A. dominates B. extends C. overtakes D. justifies55. A. turned out B. taken on C. backed up D. held upSection B (22分)Directions：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)“The history of the world is but the biography（传记）of great men,” argued Thomas Carlyle, the advocate of what has come to be known as the “Great Man Theory of History.” This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times. Whether or not Carlyle’s theory proves true is debatable, but that certain individuals cast long shadows is not.As one who is entrusted with a leadership position, I find it profitable to read of others who have led. Wherever you find me, you’ll likely find a good biography nearby. Why is this the case? First, I find good biographies fascinating. I’ll occasionally read a novel, but I’ve never been overly drawn to fiction. I have found myself unable to sleep while in the struggle of the Battle of Britain in William Manchester’s The Last Lion. For me, not to read biographies would rob me of pleasure in my life.Second, I find good biographies informative. A good biographer tells not only the story ofa person, but also of their times. Reading a good biography is like wandering through an intellectual shopping mall. The first store is what drew you there, but you will be pleasantly surprised along the way at what other items grab your attention. You’ll find no better account of the British Empire at its peak than the opening chapters of Manchester’s Visions of Glory, volume one of his The Last Lion, Strictly speaking , a biography is but a slice of history.Third, I find good biographies relaxing. Winston Churchill once noted a man who works with his hands should have a hobby that engages his hands. Another way to apply Churchill’s saying is to combine technical, pen-in-hand vocational reading with leisurely biographical reading. Indeed, few things are more relaxing to me than winding down the evening and entering into another world.This is why I love reading good biographies, and why I pity the person who neglects them. Don’t be counted among their number.56. What is implied in the first paragraph?A. The author finds Carlyle’s theory undebatable.B. Carlyle believes great men alone cannot create history.C. It is debatable whether one should read great men’s biographies.D. The author agrees that history is greatly influenced by certain men.57. What does the underlined phrase “other items” in the third paragraph refer to ?A. good biographiesB. stores of certain timesC. the volumes of The Last LionD. the chapters of the British Empire58. Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. The author considers biographical reading enjoyable.B. The author can travel to another world in the evening.C. The author has fought many battles during his lifetime.D. the author profits commercially by reading biographies.59. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article?A. To analyze the benefits of vocational reading.B. To introduce to readers his unique reading strategies.C. To present great men’s history through biography reading.D. To recommend biography reading through his own experiences.Pass to your existing plan before you go, then follow these tips to help manage costs and make the most of your travels:How it worksWhile abroad, if you make or accept a call, listen to a voicemail, send a text, or use data, you will be automatically charged $10 for 24-hour access to your domestic plan. During that period you can:●Use your domestic plan data to email, post on social media, translate languages and more.●Make unlimited calls to countries included in International Day Pass●Send unlimited texts to the world.How to help manage costs●If you are outside of a 24-hour access period and you dn’t want to use your phone, turn off dataroaming（漫游）to avoid being charged $10 accidentally.●Save date by connecting Wi-Fi, especially if you download, or send and receive large files. How to call, text and use data internationally●To call or send a message to another country, dial + (country code) (local phone number)●To use cellular data, turn on Cellular Data Roaming in your device Settings●To call using Wi-Fi Calling, visit /wificalling for informationHow to remove International Day PassTo remove International Day pass, go to att. com/myatt or call+1.31.925.6925. Once removed, pay-per-use rates will apply unless you add another international travel feature of package to your device. go to /travel for information on pay-per-use rates and products available by country. Note: INTERNATIONAL DAY PASS: Coverage not available in all areas. Int’l Day Pass may be removed if international talk, text, or data use exceeds （超过）50% of your total talk, text, or data use for two months.60. With the AT&T International Day Pass________.A. one can make unlimited calls to any country for $10 a day.B. the phone will automatically turn on Cellular Data RoamingC. the phone calling can enjoy a favorable price, saving your costD. one can save money by using WiFi to download or send large files61. According to the travel tips, which of the following is TURE?A. Without International Day Pass, one cannot make phone calls back to the US.B. $10 will be automatically charged if roaming remains turned on after 24 hours.C. Pay-per-use will apply when one forgets to remove the International Day Pass.D. The pass will be removed if the use of data exceeds the average monthly amount.62. Which of the following groups of people might be in the greatest need of the AT&T International Day Pass?A. People who have steeled abroad.B. People who work in AT&T overseas offices.C. People who have relatives in foreign countries.D. People who make frequent business trips abroad.（C）Escaping predators（食肉动物）, digestion and other animal activities---including those of humans --- require oxygen. But that essential ingredient is no longer so easy for marine life to obtain, several new studies reveal.In the past decade ocean oxygen levels have taken a dive – an alarming trend that is linked to climate change, says Andreas Oschlies, an oceanographer at the Helmholtz Center for Ocean Research in Germany, whose team tracks ocean oxygen levels worldwide. “We were surprised by the intensity of the changes we saw, how rapidly oxygen is going down in the ocean and how large the effects on marine ecosystems are, “he says. It is no surprise to scientists that warming oceans are losing oxygen, but the scale of the drop calls for urgent attention. Oxygen levels in some tropical （热带的）regions have dropped by an astonishing 40 percent in the las 50 years, some recent studies reveal. Levels have dropped less significantly elsewhere, with an average loss of 2 percent globally.A warming ocean loses oxygen for two reasons; First, the warmer a liquid becomes, theless gas it can hold. That is why carbonated drinks go flat faster when left in the sun. Second, as polar sea ice melts, it forms a layer of water above colder, more salty sea waters. This process creates a sort of lid that can keep currents from mixing surface water down to deeper depths. And because all oxygen enters the surface, less mixing means less of it at depth.Ocean animals large and small, however, respond to even slight changes in oxygen by seeking refuge in higher oxygen zones or by adjusting behavior, Oschlies and others in his field have found. These adjustments can expose animals to new predators or force them into food-scarce regions. Climate change already poses serious problems for marine life, such as ocean acidification, but deoxygenation is the most pressing issue facing sea animals today, Oschlies says. After all, he says, “they all have to breathe.”Aside from food web problems, animals face various other physiological challenges as their bodies adjust to lower oxygen levels. Chinese shrimp（虾）move their tails less vigorously to preserve energy in lower oxygen environments. Some creatures, such as jellyfishes, are more tolerant of low oxygen than others are. But all animals will feel the impact of deoxygenation because they all have evolved their oxygen capacity for a reason, says Oschlies. “Any drop in oxygen is going to damage survivability and performance,” he says.63. According to the first two paragraphs, what worries scientists the most?A. The worsening deoxygenation in the warming ocean.B. The survival of predators and various marine animals.C. The alarmingly changeable oxygen levels in the ocean.D. The lack of attention to the warming of tropical oceans.64. Which of the following is a reason for the oxygen loss in the ocean?A. Polar ice melting consumes much oxygen in the ocean.B. Global warming reduces the amount of oxygen in the air.C. The surface polar ice water prevents oxygen going down.D. Salty water holds less gas in the increasingly warmer ocean.65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Ocean deoxygenation changes some animals’ natural territories.B. Ocean acidification is more serious a problem than deoxygenation.C. Not all ocean animals are bothered by the decreasing oxygen levels.D. Some animals reduce their movements in order to absorb more oxygen.66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. The Oxygen Levels of Marine LifeB. Ocean Warming Affects Food WebC. The Survivability of Ocean AnimalsD. The Ocean Is Running Out of BreathSection C (8分)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.（指导）. Guidance from senior colleagues has also been shown to enhance mentees’ job performance and satisfaction. ____67____We were especially interested in understanding how mentoring might help mentors who work in stressful occupations. Mental health is a growing concern within occupations that play important social roles, such as medical professionals, firefighters, and police officers. And because policing is one of the most stressful occupations, with high levels of mental health and well-being difficulties, we conducted a study of a formal mentoring program in an English police force.________68________ It was designed to support the development of junior officers by giving them a way to discuss concerns and receive guidance. Our study involved two parts. First, we conducted a field experiment: we compared the mental health of 17 mentor-mentee pairs to a control group of 18 pairs of senior and junior officers that did not participate in the program. Second, we interviewed both the mentees and their mentors separately.Our experiment results showed that people who served as mentors experienced lower levels of anxiety, and described their job as more meaningful, than those who did not mentor. We learned from our interviews that mentoring afforded senior officers, as well as junior officers, a chance to discuss and reflect on concerns. ________69________By acknowledging that these anxieties were common, both mentees and mentors grew more comfortable in discussing them and in sharing different coping mechanisms.Why does mentoring have this impact on mentors? ________70________despite the pressures that comes with their roles --- including abuse, difficult decision making, and the risk of death --- police officers tend not to seek support from other officers, including more senior colleagues. This is to avoid negative stigma, a shameful reputation, associated with meatal health disorders. Mentoring thereby offered a way to build trust within a relationship that laid a foundation for open and honest communication of sensitive topics.Ⅱ. Summary writing (10分)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.An international team of researchers found employees who endure what is known as “abusive supervision” are more likely to behave poorly on purpose by messing up tasks, arriving late, taking long breaks and putting in minimal effort.The authors of the study, published in the Journal of Management, sought to answer why horrible bosses make employees less willing to show what is known as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), or commitment to the company outside of their contractual obligations. That could include helping colleagues or volunteering for unusual work hours. They also assessed its effect on a worker’s tendency to harm the organization, by displaying counterproductive（反作用的）workbehavior (CWB)To find out more, and uncover which negative outcome bullying （欺凌）behavior is more likely to cause, researchers from Southwestern University of Finance and Economics in China, Renmin University of China and Swinburne University of Technology in Australia cooperated and analyzed 427 existing studies. They found workers acted out either because they felt they were being treated unfairly in the workplace, or felt stressed and this affected their ability to perform as expected. An employee who felt they were a victim of injustice tender more towards reluctance to show OCB. Stressed workers, meanwhile, were more associated with CWB.Employers who worried supervisors are affecting productivity can take steps to ease issues by regularly training managers, introducing policies which cope with workplace injustices and helping workers to deal with stress.This is not the first study to suggest unkind practices can affect the well-being of workers. The paper follows a study published in the European Heart Journal last year, which showed employees who suffer bullying are more likely to develop heart diseases than those who aren’t. Bullying and violence are common at workplaces and those exposed to these stressors are at higher risk.Ⅴ. Translation (15分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 多亏了我们共同努力，最近项目有了进展。

2019届上海市各区高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对

One【2019届上海市虹口区高三英语二模试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Technology is playing a vital role in preservation and ecology research. Drones (无人机)hold huge 41 in the fight to save the world ' s remaining wildlife from extinction. So researcherscan now track wild animals through dense forests and monitor whales in vast oceans. It ' s that up to five living species become extinct every day, making it urgent that universities develop new technologies to capture the data that can persuade 42 to act.The British International Education Association hosted a conference in January to 43the importance of technological solutions in protecting vulnerable (易受伤害的)species and ecosystems. Speakers underlined how technology can help 44: drones can circle high abovethe ocean to spot whales, while certain cameras can identify members of an individual species. According to Claudio Sillero, biology professor at Oxford University, technology is changinghow preservation research is done —— but it ' s in a(n)45 way. As technology gets better andcheaper, researchers become better at doing what they were already doing. 46, remote sensing used to be a very technical tool but is now widespread, and everyone uses global positioning system (GPS) for surveying.But teaching preservation and ecology courses in university 47. Some teach dronesurveying methods in depth while others don ' t even mention them. " The fact is, using drones isquite a(n)48 to the interdisciplinary (跨学科的) 'unknown ' of engineering, and potentiallyan area where lecturers may not feel confident to teach yet, 'Serge Wich, an expert in primate biology says. " Students ghe about 49 technologies such as automatic sound recorders,but drones are often missing from university teaching. Consequently, drone use among researchers is still fairly 50 and focused on getting photos. ”Wich ' s team of researchers useddchniques to develop a fully automated drone technologysystem that 51 and monitors the health of endangered animals globally. It ' s designed to b cheap, stable and simple to use, so that local communities in developing countries can operate it52 without technical background. Yet it ' not more widely used on the grounds ofresearchers ' lack of skills to use this technology. In biology, where drones are used, few can program an algorithm （算法）specifically for their preservation or research problem. "There much that needs to be done to 53 those two worlds and to make AI more user-friendly so that peoplewho can ' t program can still use the technology, " Wich says.54, the sad truth is that better technology alone will not save any more species from dying out, Greengrass warns. " As human populations increase, so do threats and pressure on wildplaces. Preservationists are 55 for not doing enough but it ' often an issue of people,conflict and governance. " Technologylpnprovide far greater knowledge, but governmentsstill need to act.41. A. shortage B. threats C. potential D. responsibilities42. A. researchers B. authorities C. opponents D. professionals43. A. highlight B. overlook C. assess D. calculate44. A. education B. preparation C. preservation D. distinction45. A. evolutionary B. flexible C. virtual D. dramatic46 A. As a result B. In conclusion C. On the contrary D. For example47. A. differs B. equals C. multiplies D. struggles48. A. obstacle B. leap C. equivalent D. exception49. A. ill-intentioned B. fully-prepared C. well-established D. narrowly-applied50. A. definite B. vague C. simple D. limited51. A. controls B. tracks C. supervises D. improves52. A. earnestly B. independently C. secretly D. impersonally53. A. bridge B. fix C. dismiss D. grasp54. A. Therefo__^^| B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise55. A. fired B. insulted C. qualified D. criticizedKeys: 41-45 CBACA 46-50 DABCD 51-55 BBACDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.How comfortable are you around water? Are you a strong swimmer or do you struggle to keep your head above water? Are you comfortable venturing into the deeper water or do you prefer to move into shallow water where the bottom is 41?Most people expose themselves to water and swimming situations according to their42 levels of skill and comfort. The same might be true as you assess your comfort levelwith different academic environments 43 a good college "fit " . Just as you might study abody of water to figure out its temperature, depth and current before venturing in, you need to44 the difficulties, pace and depth of an academic environment — and your ability to keepyour " head above water " if adrbetede deciding to apply.When looking at academic difficulties as a(n)45 of " fit ” , you are li kely to find that you have the capacity to "ge t he job done" academically in a range of college environments.46, you are not likely to have difficulty with the " water " itself. You will fit best, however,at colleges and universities where your ability and preparation enable you to rise to new levels of47 .Your goal should be to find academic environments where your levels of ability and preparation will enable you to achieve well as you stretch yourself 48. These places represent appropriate "bodies of water " for you academically.The best 49 of comprehension regarding your preparedness to meet the academicrequirements of various colleges and universities are your high school teachers. Because they are very familiar with your capabilities, your teachers can offer 50 help in identifying the colleges where you will find the best academic programs for you.Assuming you are able to find appropriate environments academically, you then need to assess the 51 of your school reports for admission to those colleges. How does your academic record (grades and test scores) pile up against those of other students who will be52, most (about 90%) of whom are just like you in that they can do the work too?You need to be honest in 53 this part of the picture, especially if you are consideringcolleges that can be highly selective and tend to admit very small percentages of the students who apply. A lot of students get in over their heads competitively when they fail to consider the realodds of gaining admission. While you might feel you are a 54 candidate at schools that canbe very choosy, the reality is that you need to be in the top 25 percent of applicant pools at such schools to have a fighting chance of being admitted. By the way, you don' 55 your chances of getting into at least one such school by applying to a dozen of them!41. A. tough B. mysterious C. visible D. different 42. A. explosiveB. respectiveC. potentialD. reasonable 43. A. on behalf of B. in the place of C. in case of D. in search of 44. A. observe B. overcome C. investigate D. complete 45. A. indication B. implication C. innovation D. intention 46. A. In addition B. In other words C. By comparison D. By contrast 47. A. continent B. contribution C. challenge D. conscience 48. A. considerately B. traditionally C. influentially D. intellectually 49. A. sources B. origins C. concerns D. demands 50. A. continuous B. invaluable C. powerless D. unforgettable 51. A. reliability B. alternative C. competitiveness D. recommendation 52. A. applying B. considering C. comparing D. persisting 53. A. appreciating B. assessing C. presenting D. comprehending 54. A. flexible B. positive C. feasible D. progressive 55. A. graspB. changeC. createD. increaseKeys: 41-45 CBDCA46-50 BCDAB 51-55 CABBDIII. Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you are a perfectionist, you are probably familiar with the feeling of wanting to get everything just right. You may struggle with handing in papers, agonize（苦苦思索） over projects at work, and even worryabout small errors from the past. High 41 are one thing, but perfectionism is quite another. And as some researchers havediscovered,42 perfection canhave serious consequences to mental and physical well-being.Since perfectionism is 43 with negative outcomes, what can someone with perfectionist tendencies do to change their behavior? Although people are sometimes ___44___ to give up their perfectionist tendencies, psychologists point out that giving up on perfection doesn ' t mean being unsuccessful. 45, mistakes are an important part of learning and growing. 46, imperfection can actually help us in the long run.One possible 47 to perfectionism involves developing what psychologists call a growth mindset （思维方式）.Researchers at Stanford University have found that cultivating a growth mindset is a key way to help us learn from our failures. Unlike those with 48 mindsets --- who see their skill levels as inborn and unchangeable, those with growth mindsets believe they can improve their abilities by learning from their mistakes. Psychologists point out that parents can play a 49 role in helping their children develop healthier attitudes towardsfailure: they can praise their children for making an effort even if their results are imperfect and help children learn to 50 when they make mistakes.Another 51 option for perfectionism is to cultivate self-compassion （自我同情）.Tounderstand self-compassion, thank about how you would 52 a close friend if they made amistake. Chances are that you ' （probably make responses with kindness and understanding, knowing that your friend meant well. The idea behind self-compassion is that we should treat ourselves 53 when we make mistakes, remind ourselves that mistakes are part of beinghuman, and avoid being 54 by negative emotions. Self-compassion can be beneficial formental health, but perfectionists tend not to treat themselves in compassionate ways. If you ' re interested in trying to foster more self-compassion the researcher who developed the concept of self-compassion has a short exercise you can try.Psychologists have also suggested that cognitive （认知的）behavioral therapy can be a way to help people change their beliefs about perfectionism. Although perfectionism is linked to lower mental health, the good news is that perfectionism is something you can change. By working to see mistakes as learning 55, and replacing self-criticism with self- compassion, it ' s possibleto overcome perfectionism and develop a healthier way of setting goals for yourself.41. A. risks B. values C. profits D. standards42. A. identifying B. mirroring C. concealing D. pursuing43. A. hardened B. associated C. compared D. replaced44. A. hesitant B. courageous C. desperate D.bound45. A. for instance B. By contrast C. In fact D. On average46. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Furthermore D. Instead47. A. obstacle B. alternative C. attitude D. equivalent48. A. various B. fixed C. positive D.keen49. A. casual B. creative C. crucial D. changeable50. A. persevere B. scheme C. negotiate D. survive51. A. potential B. conditional C. unique D. sustainable52. A. compete with B. run after C. respond to D. argue with53. A. favorably B. kindly C. accordingly D. differently54. A. promoted B. inspired C. monitored D. consumed55. A. skills B. outcomes C. levels D. opportunitiesKeys: 41~45 DDBAC 46~50 ABBCA 51~55 ACBDDFour【2019届上海市长宁区高三英语二模试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Keeping it in the family"You understand grandmother when she talks to you, don ' t you, darling? I " The girl nods. met her, her Danish mother and English father on a plane to Japan. The parents were eager to41 their experience of bringing up their daughter bilingually（使用双语地）in London. Itisn ' easy: the husband does not speak Japanese, so the child hears the language only from hermother, who has come to 42 that she will reply in English. This can be painful. Not sharingyour first language with loved ones is hard. Not passing it on to your own child can be especiallytough. Many immigrant parents feel a sense of 43.Children are languages easily, but this doesn ' t mean that exposure is enough. They must hear a language quite a bit to understand it — and use it often to be able to speak it comfortably. This is mental work, and a child who doesn an intention haspeak a languagewill often avoid it. So languages often die when parents move abroad. In the past, governments discouraged immigrant families from keeping their languages. These days, officials tend to be45; some even see a valuable resource in immigrants ' language abilities. Yet many factorsensure that children still lose their parents ' languages, or never learn them.A big one is institutional 46 . A child ' s time spent with a second language is time notspent on their first. So teachers often discourage parents from speaking their languages to their children. Parents often 47 obey, worried about their children' seducation. This is a(n)48, for children really can master two languages or even more. Research does indeedsuggest their vocabulary in each language may be somewhat smaller for a while. But other studieshint at intellectual advantages among bilinguals. They may be more skillful at complex tasks, better at maintaining attention.Even without those side-effects,49 , a bilingual child ' s connection to another cultureis a good thing in itself. How to 50? When both parents share the native language, thestrategy is often to speak that at home, and the national language outside. But when they have51languages, perhaps the most common approach is " one parent, one language " . Fran?oi Grosjean, a language expert from Switzerland,52 the necessity. He recommends reservingoccasions on which the only language that may be spoken is the one that needs 53. SabineLittle, a language expert at the University of Sheffield, puts the emphasis elsewhere. Making thenative language yet another task 54 by parents can lead to rejection, she argues. Sherecommends letting the child form their own 55 connection to the language, for languagesare not just another thing to be drilled into a young mind, but a matter of the heart.41. A. conceal B. publicize C. discuss D. imagine42. A. accept B. argue C. decide D. ensure43. A. excitement B. inferiority C. failure D. injustice44. A. momentary B. maximum C. repeated D. continued45. A. less stimulated B. less controlling C. more relieved D. more discouraging46. A. engagement B. feature C. prejudice D. pressure47. A. cheerfully B. faithfully C. immediately D. reluctantly48. A. instance B. shame C. ambition D. suggestion49. A. though B. hence C. besides D. otherwise50. A. keep it up B. carry it on C. figure it out D. bring it about51. A. multiple B. different C. foreign D. target52. A. removes B. challenges C. emphasizes D. ignores53. A. performed B. imposed C.shared D. recommended54. A. skillful B. powerful C. apparent D. emotionalKeys: 41-45 CACAB 46-50 DDBAD 51-55 BCABDFive [2019届上海市徐汇区高三英语二模试题] 一III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Students in Caldwell, Idaho, can attend class in their pajamas（睡衣）！ At Vallivue Virtual Academy, courses are taught online. Students work at home with parents, who serve as learning coaches. A certified teacher 41 the students ' progress.The cyber school was 42 as a free option for students in kindergarten through grade8 who have trouble succeeding in the district ' s43 public school. Supporters of the program say that virtual schools help students avoid the social pressures that can 44 withlearning. In addition, supporters argue, online courses provide kids with more focused 45 and course options than they can get in a typical school.Not everyone gives cyber schools a passing grade, however. Some educators argue that online learning makes it hard for students to make friends. Many parents also feel that cyber schools put 46 time demands on them because they have to oversee their kids 'dailywork.Technology can benefit education, but it shouldn 47"education. Students who go to virtual schools will miss many of the benefits of being in a real school.If kids attend school online, they will miss out on important social 48. Paytonsays Angela Goscilo, a seniorfrom Pound Ridge, N.Y. cloh "We need to dev e chn(blogy skills that will help us in whatever we Mcdonough, 13, a seventh grader from Glencoe, III ., agrees. "I don ' t know how I could sit at a computer all day without 49 interacting with my peers and teachers," he says.In addition, virtual schools don' have enough structure. Students who take online courses can set their own schedules, which will cause problems for students who have trouble staying 50.Furthermore, online schooling puts stress on parents because they have to 51 whattheir kids do at home. Many parents have full Time jobs. How are they going to run their children education, 52 in their jobs, and take care of their other responsibilities at home?Virtual schools will make it harder for students to learn and will put too much pressure on parents.Virtual learning does not need to replace classroom learning ________ 53 _____ , but it can help students work at their own pace. If students struggle with subjects, they can take those coursesonline and spend more time on them. Virtual schools can also offer students much more54schedules.Studentsoftenhandle extracurricular activities, sports, and schoolwork, and cyber schools could help them manage everything.Finally, attending virtual school can prepare students for college and for work after 55." We need to be responsible for working on our own, do. Getting an early start is a good idea.41. A. oversees B. suspected C. admitted D. predicted 42. A. tolerated B. launched C. undergone D. t ransformed 43. A. virtual B. superior C. traditional D. specialized 44. A. agree B. put up C. goD. i nterfere 45. A. attention B. definition C. foundation D. i nstruction 46. A. unlimited B. uncivilized C. unrealistic D. u naffected 47. A. turn to B. take over C. take in D. m ake up 48. A. interactions B. education C. occupation D. i dentification 49. A. actually B. presently C. naturally D. logically 50. A. examined B. motivated C. exhausted D. represented51. A. compliment B. award C. supervise D. tempt 52. A. negotiate B. innovate C. control D. excel 53. A. entirely B. partially C. regularly D. purposely 54. A. sustainableB. flexibleC. relevantD. optimistic 55. A. schoolB. studyC. graduationD. educationKeys: 41-45 ABCDD 46-50 CBAAB 51-55 CDABCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People hold different views on almost anything, mainly because of the culture we are familiarwith or the education we have received. We live in a 41 world where people are quick topoint out the faults and imperfections of others, yet seem unaware of their own. Some misguidedsouls believe they have a duty to help you to be a better person by telling you what a failure youreally are first and then offering suggestions as to how you can improve.So what is the possible solution to 42? If you are the one forcing others to feel43 themselves, STOP. Make a conscious decision rather than 44 the negative aspectof a person ' s performance or attitudes. You ' ll offer helpfiomugheesegiming. If I ' mpainting our living room and 45 in doing so, I would like my h usband to say to me, " Thisis a tough job. Can I offer a suggestion that might make it easier for you? ” rather than have point out what a 46 painter I am and then tell me how I should be doing it.If you are on the 47 end of criticism, the " OK' response is a perfect WHetton.someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or a personality issue of yours, a(n)48 response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely effective as it putsboth parties on the 49. Instead, simply reply with " OK' T his brief one-word response50 the other person ' s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in adebate about it.It is important to remain emotionally attached to what the other person is saying, to listen上海市各区2019届高三英语二模试卷题型分类专题汇编终结版：完型填空without feeling, to be a(n) 51 observer. In fact, there is much that one can learn from a 52review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did Igive 100% of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve myself? As for chronic (习惯性的)criticizers: It is important to set strict boundary with them. Remove yourself from their53 when necessary. 54, one can learn to be " OK' with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact your life or relationship with theother party. Examine it for any potential 55, and then let it go and just be" OK'.41. A. dependent B. judgmental C. selfish D. creative 42. A. criticism B. imperfection C. failure D. unawareness 43. A. devoted toB. connected withC. ashamed ofD. concerned about 44. A.turn downB. get rid ofC. cover upD. focus on45. A. making a messB. asking for troubleC. having funD. offering a helpful hand46. A. considerate B. careless C. humble D. modest 47. A. forcing B. receiving C. criticizing D. advising 48. A. avoidable B. meaningless C. extreme D. natural 49. A. impolite B. dangerous C. defensive D. regretful 50. A. ignores B. acknowledges C. eliminates D. declines 51. A. active B. initiative C. creative D. objective 52. A. reasonable B. agreeable C. negative D. instructive 53. A. praise B. presence C. comment D. help 54. A. In any case B. On the contrary C. To begin with D. For instance 55. A. harmB. conflictC. obstacleD. truthIII. Reading ComprehensionKeys: 41-45 BACDA46-50 BBDCB 51-55 DCBADSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Open data-sharers are still in the minority in many fields. Although many researchers broadly agree that public access to raw data would promote science, most are 41 to post the resultsof their own labours online.Some communities have agreed to share online-geneticists, for example, post DNA sequences at the GenBank repository （库），and astronomers are accustomed to 42 imagesof galaxies and stars from, say, the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a telescope that has observed some 500 million objects -- but these remain the 43, not the rule. Historically, scientists have44 sharing for many reasons: it is a lot of work; until recently, good databases did not exist;grant funders were not pushing for sharing; it has been difficult to agree on standards for formatting data; and there is no agreed way to assign credit for data.But the 45 are disappearing in part because journals and funding agencies worldwideare encouraging scientists to make their data 46. Last year, the Royal Society in London said in its report that scientists need to 47 a research culture where data is viewed as private preserve Funding agencies n ote that data paid for with public money should be public information, and the scientific community is recognizing that data can now be shared online in ways that were not possible before. To match the growing demand, services are springing up to make it easier to publish research products 48 and enable other researchers to discover andcite （引用）them.Although calls to share data often concentrate on the 49 advantages of sharing, thepractice is not purely beneficial to others. Researchers who share get plenty of personal benefits, including more connections with colleagues, improved 50 and increased citations. The most successful sharers -- those whose data are downloaded and cited the most often -- get noticed, and their work gets used.51, one of the most popular data sets on multidisciplinary repository Dryad is about wood density around the world; it has been 52 5,700 times.Co-author Amy Zanne thinks that users probably range from climate-change researchers wanting to estimate how much carbon is stored in biomass, to foresters looking for information on different grades of trees. "I ' d much prefer to have my data use>y the 53 number of people to asktheir own questions, " she says. It's important to allow readers and reviewers to see exactly how you arrive at your results. Publishing data and code allows your science to be 54."Even people whose data are less popular can benefit. By making the effort to organize andlabel files so others can understand them, scientists can become more organized and better disciplined themselves, thus avoiding 55 later on.Keys: 41-45 BACDB46-50 DABCA 51-55 CABCB41. A. restricted B. reluctant C. desperate D. generous42. A. accessing B. processing C. analyzing D. identifying43. A. assumption B. mystery C. exception D. phenomenon44. A. longed for B. appealed to C. focused on D. objected to45. A. symptoms B. barriers C. advantages D. consequences46. A. controllable B. unique C. reliable D. public47. A. shift away from B. end up with C. give rise to D. build up48. A. secretly B. digitally C. ethically D. fairly49. A. material B. individual C. moral D. economic50. A. visibility B. awareness C. condition D. confidence51. A. On the contrary B. As a result C. For example D. After all52. A. downloaded B. updated C. optimized D. addressed53. A. moderate B. maximum C. average D. estimated54. A. reversible B. profitable C. reproducible D. recognizable55. A. crisis B. confusion C. risk D. conflictEight【2019届上海市静安区高三英语二模试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.From the nation's earliest days, farming has held a crucial place in the American economy and culture. Farmers play an important role in any society, of course, since they feed people. But farming has been particularly 41 in the United States with intensified attention from civilians and government as well.41.A valued42.A. regulations43.A. shortcut B. accessedB. virtuesB. implicationC. implementedC. obligationsC. rewardD.illustratedD.Early in the nation's life, farmers were seen as exemplifying economic 42 such ashard work, perseverance, and self-sufficiency. Moreover, many Americans, particularly immigrants who may have never held any land in the country, found that owning a farm was the43 to enter the American economic system. They were immediately playing a part in thecountry ' s economy.The American farmer has generally been quite successful at producing food. Indeed, sometimes his success has created his biggest problem: the agricultural sector has suffered periodic explosions of overproduction that have 44 prices. When the government have tostep in and 45 the worst of these events.American farmers owe their ability to produce large yields to a number of factors. For one thing, they work under 46 natural conditions. The American Midwest has some of therichest soil in the world. Rainfall is 47 over most areas of the country; rivers and underground water permit extensive irrigation where it is not.Increasing use of high-quality 48 labor also have contributed to the success of Americanagriculture. It is not unusual to see today's farmers 49 plows or harvesters. One farmer canmanage large lands of farms. Fertilizers and pesticides are commonly used although some environmentalists 50 it. Computers track farm operations, and even 51 technologyis utilized to find the best places to plant and fertilize crops. US agriculture is among the most advanced in the world.Farmers still fight with forces beyond their control,52. Despite its generally benign weather, North America also experiences frequent floods and droughts. Changes in the weather give agriculture its own economic cycles, often 53 the general economy. When negativefactors hit farmers, calls for government assistance are particularly intense. In the 1930s, for instance, bad weather, and the Great Depression combined to push farms over the edge into a(n)54 situation. The government responded with 55 agricultural reforms -- most notably, a system of price supports, whose significance toward the large-scale campaign lasted for many years.。

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