高考仿真冲刺卷(一)

合集下载

2024届广东省高考全真演练物理冲刺卷1

2024届广东省高考全真演练物理冲刺卷1

2024届广东省高考全真演练物理冲刺卷1学校:_______ 班级:__________姓名:_______ 考号:__________(满分:100分时间:75分钟)总分栏题号一二三四五六七总分得分评卷人得分一、单项选择题(本题包含8小题,每小题4分,共32分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)(共8题)第(1)题某同学和家人在元旦期间一起开车出去游玩,从家出发,到达目的地用时3小时,经过的路程为240公里,位移为180公里。

下列说法正确的是( )A.3小时指的是具体时刻B.研究车从出发至到达目的地的时间,车不可看成质点C.车的平均速度大小为60 km/hD.研究车停入车位的过程时,车可以看成质点第(2)题如图所示,离子源S到直线MN的距离为L,整个空间存在磁感应强度大小为B的匀强磁场,磁场方向垂直S和MN所在的平面向里。

离子源S一次性沿平面向各个方向均匀地射出大量速度大小相同的正离子,MN上有离子经过的区域长为。

已知离子的比荷为k,不计离子的重力及离子间的相互作用力,则离子的速度大小为( )A.B.C.D.第(3)题世界上首个第四代核能技术的钍基熔盐堆在我国甘肃并网发电,该反应堆以放射性较低的Th为核燃料。

已知的半衰期为24天,下列说法正确的是()A.β衰变的电子来自于钍原子的核外电子B.通过物理方法或化学方法都能改变的半衰期C.4个经过48天后一定还剩余1个D.经过6次α衰变和4次β衰变可变成第(4)题如图(甲)所示,质量不计的弹簧竖直固定在水平面上,t=0时刻,将一金属小球从弹簧正上方某一高度处由静止释放,小球落到弹簧上压缩弹簧到最低点,然后又被弹起离开弹簧,上升到一定高度后再下落,如此反复.通过安装在弹簧下端的压力传感器,测出这一过程弹簧弹力F随时间t变化的图像如图(乙)所示,则A.时刻小球动能最大B.时刻小球动能最大C.~这段时间内,小球的动能先增加后减少D.~这段时间内,小球增加的动能等于弹簧减少的弹性势能第(5)题有一个长方体金属电阻,材料分布均匀,边长分别为a、b、c,且a>b>c。

高考语文冲刺卷01(新课标Ⅰ卷)答案

高考语文冲刺卷01(新课标Ⅰ卷)答案

高考语文冲刺卷01(新课标Ⅰ卷)答案一、现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分)1.【答案】B【考点定位】理解文中重要概念的含义。

能力层级为理解B。

【名师点睛】考核概念的题目的命题点注意集中在概念的内涵、外延,注意的错误主要是范围不当、偷换概念、曲解文意、答非所问等类型。

选项B曲解文意。

2.【答案】B【解析】试题分析:第二段,后来虽然渐渐雅化或文人化,可是始终不能雅到诗的地位。

【考点定位】筛选并整合文中的信息。

能力层级为分析综合C。

【名师点睛】这是一道筛选并整合信息的题目,筛选整合信息的题目侧重于对文中佐证观点的现象、材料的运用的准确性进行考核,主要的错误类型是张冠李戴、混淆范围、强拉因果、因果倒置、曲解文意、无中生有等,此题选项曲解文意。

3.【答案】D【解析】试题分析:A第一段只表明战乱是分界线,但并没有说是必要条件;B描写体验就能共赏过于绝对;C对作者的情感倾向理解有误【考点定位】归纳内容要点,概括中心意思。

能力层级为分析综合C。

【名师点睛】这类题目重点集中在对文中的观点的正误进行考核,考核的方式注意有无中生有,张冠李戴、曲解文意、混淆范围、以偏概全、偷换概念等。

此题选项AB混淆逻辑范围,选项D曲解文意。

二、古代诗文阅读(36分)(一)文言文阅读(19分)4.【答案】D【解析】试题分析:我非无马而与尔为市,为尔赐者不已多乎,尔之马岁五至,而边有司数皮偿赀,天子不忘尔劳,敕吏无得问,尔反用是望我邪。

【考点定位】理解并翻译文中的句子。

能力层级为理解B【名师点睛】文言断句的题目,注意一些常见的标志性的虚词,注意结构的对称,这是基础,一般考核较少,一般集中在人称的转换和在句中的充当的成分,答题时注意选项的对比,然后结合文意进行分析。

此题注意陈述对象的转换。

5.【答案】C【考点定位】识记文学常识。

能力层级为识记A。

【名师点睛】这是一道文化常识的考核的题目,去年在大纲卷中出现,重点突出对古代文化的理解,合乎当今国学热的趋势,以后还会坚持。

2025年高考文科数学三轮全程考评特训-仿真模拟冲刺卷(一)【含答案】

2025年高考文科数学三轮全程考评特训-仿真模拟冲刺卷(一)【含答案】

仿真模拟冲刺卷(一)时间:120分钟满分:150分一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.已知复数z 满足z -i z +1=i ,则复数z =()A .1-i B .1+i C .-1-i2.已知集合A ={x |y =x 12},集合B |y ,则A ∩B =()A .[1,+∞)B .(1,+∞)CD .[0,+∞)3.已知命题p :∀x ∈R ,2sin x +cos x ≤3;命题q :a >b >0且c <0,c a >c b .现有下列四个命题:①p ∨q ;②¬p ∧q ;③¬p ∧¬q ;④p ∧¬q .其中真命题是()A .①②B .①④C .②③D .③④4.函数y =x (e x -e -x )的图象大致为()5.已知实数x ,y -2y +1≥0,+y -1≥0,<2,则z =2x -y 的最小值是()A .5B .52C .0D .-16.已知函数f (x )2+x ln x ,x >0(x ),x <0为奇函数,则g (x )在x =-1处的切线方程为()A .x -y =0B x -y +1=0C .x -2y +1=0D .3x -y +2=07.已知Ω={(x ,y )|x 2+y 2<1},在Ω中任取一点P (x ,y ),则事件“xy <0”发生的概率为()A .14B .13C .12D .238.如图,直四棱柱ABCD -A 1B 1C 1D 1的底面是正方形,已知AA 1=4,AB =2,点E ,F分别在棱BB 1,CC 1上,且BE =14BB 1,CF =12CC 1,则()A.D 1E ≠AF ,且直线D 1E ,AF 是相交直线B .D 1E ≠AF ,且直线D 1E ,AF 是异面直线C .D 1E =AF ,且直线D 1E ,AF 是异面直线D.D 1E =AF ,且直线D 1E ,AF 是相交直线9.函数f (x )=2sin (ωx +φ)(ω>0,0<φ<π)的部分图象如图所示,要得到y =f (x )的图象,只需将y =2cos ωx 的图象()A .向右平移π6个单位长度B .向右平移π12个单位长度C .向左平移π6个单位长度D .向左平移π12个单位长度10.某气象仪器研究所按以下方案测试一种“弹射型”气象观测仪器的垂直弹射高度:在C 处(点C 在水平地面下方,O 为CH 与水平地面ABO 的交点)进行该仪器的垂直弹射,水平地面上两个观察点A ,B 两地相距100米,∠BAC =60°,其中A 到C 的距离比B 到C 的距离远40米.A 地测得该仪器在C 处的俯角为∠OAC =15°,A 地测得最高点H 的仰角为∠HAO =30°,则该仪器的垂直弹射高度CH 为()米A .210(6+2)B .1406C .2102D .20(6-2)11.已知a =log 23,函数f (x )=e x +ln x -4的零点为b ,g (x )=x 3-12x 2-x 的极小值点为c ,则()A .b >a >c B .a >b >c C .c >b >a D .b >c >a 12.已知P (2,-2)是离心率为12的椭圆x 2a 2+y 2b2=1(a >b >0)外一点,经过点P 的光线被y 轴反射后,所有反射光线所在直线中只有一条与椭圆相切,则此条切线的斜率是()A .-18B .-12C .1D .18二、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.13.已知焦点在y 轴上的双曲线C 的渐近线方程为y =±2x ,则该双曲线的离心率为________________.14.设a ,b 为非零向量,且|2a +3b |=|2a -3b |,则a ,b 的夹角为________.15.设O 1为一个圆柱上底面的中心,A 为该圆柱下底面圆周上一点,这两个底面圆周上的每个点都在球O 的表面上.若两个底面的面积之和为8π,O 1A 与底面所成角为60°,则球O 的表面积为________.16.设△ABC 的内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,A 为钝角,且a cos B -b cos A =53c ,则tan C 的最大值是________.三、解答题:本大题共6小题,共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.第17~21题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答.第22、23题为选考题,考生根据要求作答.(一)必考题:共60分.17.(12分)党的十九大明确把精准扶贫作为决胜全面建成小康社会必须打好的三大攻坚战之一,为了坚决打赢脱贫攻坚战,某帮扶单位要开展精准扶贫,此帮扶单位为了了解某地区贫困户对其所提供帮扶的满意度,随机调查了40个贫困户,得到贫困户的满意度评分如下:贫困户编号评分贫困户编号评分贫困户编号评分贫困户编号评分1781188217931932731286228332783811395237233754921476247434815951597259135846851678266636777791788278037818841882288338769631976297439851086208930824089现用系统抽样法从40个贫困户满意度评分中抽取容量为10的样本,且在第一段内随机抽到的样本数据为92.(1)请你列出抽到的10个样本数据;(2)计算所抽到的10个样本数据的均值x -和方差s 2;(3)在(2)条件下,若贫困户的满意度评分在(x --s ,x -+s )之间,则满意度等级为“A级”.试应用样本估计总体的思想,现从(1)中抽到的10个样本为“A 级”的贫困户中随机地抽取2户,求所抽到2户的满意度评分均“超过80”的概率(参考数据:30≈5.48,33≈5.74,35≈5.92).18.(12分)已知S n 是等差数列{a n }的前n 项和,a 2=1.从下面的两个条件中任选其中一个:①2a 5-a 3=11;②S 4=8,求解下列问题:(1)求数列{a n }的通项;(2)设b n =1S n +2,试比较数列{b n }的前n 项和T n 与34的大小.注:条件①、②只能任选其一,若两个都选,则以条件①计分.19.(12分)如图,在直三棱柱A ′B ′C ′­ABC 中,AD =A ′D ,E 为BC ′上的一点,AB =AC =BC =a ,CC ′=h .(1)若BE =EC ′,求证:DE ⊥平面BCC ′B ′.(2)平面BC ′D 将棱柱A ′B ′C ′­ABC 分割为两个几何体,记上面一个几何体的体积为V 1,下面一个几何体的体积为V 2,求V 1V 2的值.20.(12分)已知抛物线C:y2=2px(p>0)的焦点为F,且点F与圆M:(x+4)2+y2=1上点的距离的最小值为4.(1)求C的方程;(2)设点T(1,1),过点T且斜率存在的两条直线分别交曲线C于A,B两点和P,Q两点,且|TA|·|TB|=|TP|·|TQ|,求直线AB的斜率与直线PQ的斜率之和.21.(12分)已知函数f(x)=(x+1)ln x,曲线y=f(x)在x=1处的切线方程为y=g(x).(1)求证:当x>1时,f(x)>g(x);(2)求证:ln21+ln76+…+ln(n2-2)n2-3>32-2n(n≥2,n∈N*).(二)选考题:共10分.请考生在第22、23题中任选一题作答.如果多做,则按所做的第一题计分.22.[选修4-4:坐标系与参数方程](10分)在平面直角坐标系xOy中,曲线C1=cosθ=1+sinθ(θ为参数),曲线C2的参=2cosφ,=sinφ(φ为参数).(1)1,C2的方程化为普通方程,并说明它们分别表示什么曲线?(2)以坐标原点为极点,以x轴的正半轴为极轴,建立极坐标系,已知直线l的极坐标方程为ρ(cosθ-2sinθ)=4.若C1上的点P对应的参数为θ=π2,点Q在C2上,点M为PQ的中点,求点M到直线l距离的最小值.23.[选修4-5:不等式选讲](10分)已知f(x)=2|x-2|+|x+a|.(1)当a=2时,求不等式f(x)>5的解集;(2)设不等式f(x)≤|2x+1|的解集为B,若[3,6]⊆B,求a的取值范围.参考答案与解析1.答案:D 解析:由z -i z +1=i 得z -i =(z +1)i ,整理得z ·(1-i )=2i ,所以z =2i 1-i =2i (1+i )(1-i )(1+i )=-2+2i 2=-1+i.故选D.2.答案:C解析:∵A ={x |y =x 12}={x |x ≥0},B |y ={y |y >0},A ∩B =(0,+∞).故选C.3.答案:A 解析:命题p :当x =π2时,2sin π2+cos π2=2>3,故命题p 为假命题;命题q :若a >b >0,则0<1a <1b ,又c <0,所以c a >c b,故命题q 为真命题.故p ∨q ,¬p ∧q 为真命题.¬p ∧¬q ,p ∧¬q ,为假命题.故选A.4.答案:A解析:∵f (-x )=-x (e -x -e x )=x (e x -e -x )∴函数y =x (e x -e -x )是偶函数,其图象关于y 轴对称,∴排除CD 选项;又x >0时,e x -e -x >0,∴y >0,排除B ,故选A.5.答案:C解析:画出不等式组表示的平面区域,如图中阴影部分所示,由z =2x -y ,得y =2x -z ,平移直线y =2x -z ,由图可知当直线y =2x -z 过点C 时z 取得最小值.-2y +1=0,+y -1=0,得,所以z =2x -y 的最小值是0.故选C.6.答案:D解析:当x <0时,-x >0,则f (-x )=(-x )2+(-x )ln (-x )=x 2-x ln (-x ),此时g (x )=-f (-x )=-x 2+x ln (-x ),则g ′(x )=-2x +ln (-x )+1,则g (-1)=-1,g ′(-1)=3,所求切线方程为y +1=3(x +1),即3x -y +2=0.故选D.7.答案:C解析:如图,绘出圆x 2+y 2=1的图象:当点P (x ,y )位于第二象限与第四象限时,满足xy <0,故事件“xy <0”发生的概率P =12,故选C.8.答案:B解析:∵D 1E =D 1B 21+B 1E 2=17,AF =AC 2+CF 2=23≠D 1E ,如图,取点M 为BC 的中点,则AD 1∥MF ,故AMFD 1共面,点E 在面AMFD 1外,故直线D 1E 经过面AMFD 1内一点和平面外一点,故直线D 1E 和平面内直线AF 异面.故选B.9.答案:D 解析:由图可知,T 2=5π12--π12=π,所以T =π,即2πω=π,所以ω=2.所以f (x )=2sin (2x +φ),又2-π12+φ=π2+2k π,k ∈Z ,0<φ<π,所以φ=2π3,所以f (x )=2sin 2x +2π3,y =2cos 2x =2sin 2x +π2,将其图象向左平移π12个单位长度即可得到y =f (x )的图象.故选D.10.答案:B解析:设AC =x ,则BC =x -40,在△ABC 中,由余弦定理得:BC 2=AC 2+AB 2-2·AC ·AB ·cos ∠BAC ,即(x -40)2=x 2+1002-100x ,解得x =420.在△ACH 中,AC =420,∠CAH =15°+30°=45°,∠CHA =90°-30°=60°,由正弦定理得:CH sin ∠CAH =AC sin ∠CHA ,即CH sin 45°=420sin 60°,解得CH =1406.故选B.11.答案:B 解析:因为f (1)=e -4<0,f 32=e 32+ln 32-4=e 3+ln 32-4>16+ln 32-4>0,所以b ,因为32=log 223<log 23,所以a >b .g ′(x )=3x 2-x -1,令g ′(x )=0,得x =1±13.因为g (x ∞上单调递减,所以c =1+136,又因为1+136<1,所以c <b ,故a >b >c .故选B.12.答案:D 解析:由题意可知e =c a =12,又a 2=b 2+c 2,故b 2=34a 2,设过点P 的直线斜率为k ,则直线方程为:y +2=k (x -2),即y =kx -2k -2,则反射后的切线方程为:y =-kx -2k -2,kx -2k -2+y 2b 2=1得(3+4k 2)x 2+16k (k +1)x +16k 2+32k +16-3a 2=0,因为所有反射光线所在直线中只有一条与椭圆相切,∴Δ=[16k (k +1)]2-4(3+4k 2)(16k 2+32k +16-3a 2)=0,化简得:4a 2k 2+3a 2=16k 2+32k +16a 2=16a 2=32k +162=4=-18,所以切线的斜率为18,故选D.13.答案:52解析:因为以原点为中心,焦点在y 轴上的双曲线C 的渐近线方程为y =±a b x ,所以a b=2,所以e =c a =a 2+b 2a =5b 2b =52.14.答案:π2解析:由|2a +3b |=|2a -3b |,平方得到a ·b =0,所以a ,b 夹角为π2.15.答案:28π解析:设球的半径为R ,圆柱上下底面半径为r ,O 2为一个圆柱下底面的中心,由题意知2πr 2=8π得r =2,O A 与底面所成角为60°,在Rt △O 1O 2A 中O 1O 2=23,根据圆柱的几何特征,R 22+r 2,即R 2=(3)2+22=7.故该球的表面积S =4πR 2=4π×7=28π.16.答案:34解析:因为a cos B -b cos A =53c ,所以由正弦定理得sin A cos B -sin B cos A =53sin C =53(sin A cos B +sin B cos A ),则sin A cos B =-4sin B cos A ,因为A 为钝角,sin B ≠0所以cos A <0,cos B ≠0,则sin A cos A ·cos B sin B =-4,所以tan A tan B=-4,因为tan B =tan [π-(A +C )]=-tan (A +C ),所以tan A =4tan (A +C ),即tan A +tan C 1-tan A tan C =tan A 4,所以tan C =-3tan A 4+tan 2A =-3tan A +4tan A =3-tan A +4-tan A,因为tan A <0,所以-tan A +4-tan A ≥4,即tan C =3-tan A +4-tan A≤34,当且仅当tan A =-2时取等号.17.解析:(1)把40户按编号顺序分成10组,每组4户,第一段抽取的是4号,由此可得所抽取的10户的各编号,从而得样本数据为:92,84,86,78,89,74,83,78,77,89.(2)x -=92+84+86+78+89+74+83+78+77+8910=83,s 2=110[(92-83)2+(84-83)2+…+(89-83)2]=33;(3)由(2)s =33≈5.74,满意度等级为“A 级”在(77.26,88.74)上,共有5个:84,86,78,83,78,任取两个,共有事件(84,86),(84,78),(84,83),(84,78),(86,78),(86,83),(86,78),(78,83),(78,78),(83,78)共10个,其中都超过80的有(84,86),(84,83),(86,83)三个,所求概率为P =310.18.解析:(1)设等差数列的公差为d ,若选①,2a 5-a 3=11,1+d =1(a 1+4d )-(a 1+2d )=111=-1=2,所以数列{a n }的通项为:a n =-1+2(n -1)=2n -3.若选②,S 4=8,1+d =1a 1+6d =81=-1=2,所以数列{a n }a n =-1+2×(n -1)=2n -3.(2)由(1),S n =n (-1+2n -3)2=n (n -2),所以b n =1S n +2=1n (n +2)=12,所以数列{b n }的前n 项和T n =1-13+12-14+13-15+14-16+…+1n -1-1n +1+1n -=12+12-1n +1-=34-12<34.19.解析:(1)证明:如图,取BC 中点F ,连接AF ,EF 在直三棱柱A ′B ′C ′­ABC 中,∵BE =EC ′,∴EF ∥CC ′,EF =12CC ′,∵AD =A ′D ,∴AD =12CC ′且AD ∥CC ′,∴四边形ADEF 是平行四边形,∴DE ∥AF ,由题意△ABC 为正三角形,侧棱AA ′,BB ′,CC ′两两平行且都垂直于平面ABC ,∴AF ⊥BC ,AF ⊥BB ′,∵BC ,B ′B ⊂平面BCC ′B ′,BC ∩BB ′=B ,∴AF ⊥平面BCC ′B ′,又DE ∥AF ,∴DE ⊥平面BCC ′B ′.(2)正三棱柱A ′B ′C ′­ABC 的底面积S =12×a ×32a =34a 2,则体积V =34a 2h .下面一个几何体为四棱锥B ­ACC ′D ,底面积S 梯形ACC ′D =12×h 2+h ×a =34ah ,因为平面ABC ⊥平面ACC ′A ′,过点B 作△ABC 边AC 上的高线BG ,如图,由平面与平面垂直的性质可得BG 垂直于平面ACC ′A ′,故四棱锥B ­ACC ′D 的高等于32a .则V 2=13×34ah ×32a =38a 2h ,从而V 1=V -V 2=34a 2h -38a 2h =38a 2h ,∴V 1V 2=1.20.解析:(1)圆心为M (-4,0),半径为1,F (p 2,0),所以p 2+4-1=4,p =2,所以抛物线方程为y 2=4x ;(2)设直线AB 方程为y =k 1(x -1)+1,设A (x 1,y 1),B (x 2,y 2),y 2=4x y =k 1(x -1)+1得k 21x 2-(2k 21-2k 1+4)x +(k 1-1)2=0,x 1+x 2=2k 21-2k 1+4k 21,x 1x 2=(k 1-1)2k 21,|TA ||TB |=1+k 21|x 1-1|·1+k 21|x 2-1|=(1+k 21)|x 1x 2-(x 1+x 2)+1|=(1+k 21)|(k 1-1)2k 21-2k 21-2k 1+4k 21+1|=3(1+k 21)k 21,设直线PQ 方程为y =k 2(x -1)+1(k 2≠k 1),同理可得|TP ||TQ |=3(1+k 22)k 22,由|TA |·|TB |=|TP |·|TQ |,得3(1+k 21)k 21=3(1+k 22)k 22,又k 2≠k 1,所以k 2=-k 1,所以k 1+k 2=0.21.证明:(1)函数f (x )的定义域为(0,+∞),f ′(x )=ln x +x +1x .又∵f ′(1)=2,f (1)=0,∴该切线方程为y =2(x -1),即g (x )=2(x -1).设F (x )=(x +1)ln x -2x +2,则F ′(x )=ln x +1x -1.令h (x )=F ′(x ),则h ′(x )=1x -1x 2=x -1x2.当x >1时,h ′(x )>0,∴F (x )在(1,+∞)上单调递增.又∵h (1)=0,∴h (x )=F ′(x )>0,即F ′(x )在(1,+∞)上单调递增,∴当x >1时,F (x )>F (1)=0,∴当x >1时,f (x )>g (x ).(2)由(1)知,当x >1时,(x +1)ln x >2(x -1).令x =n 2-2>1(n ≥2,n ∈N ),则(n 2-1)ln (n 2-2)>2(n 2-3),∴ln (n 2-2)n 2-3>2(n 2-1)=2(n -1)(n +1)=1n -1-1n +1,∴错误!ln (k 2-2)k 2-3++…++,化简得ln 21+ln 76+…+ln (n 2-2)n 2-3>1+12-1n -1n +1>32-2n .22.解析:(1)C 1的普通方程为x 2+(y -1)2=1,它表示以(0,1)为圆心,1为半径的圆,C 2的普通方程为x 24+y 2=1,它表示中心在原点,焦点在x 轴上的椭圆.(2)由已知得P (0,2),设Q (2cosφ,sin φ),则φ,1+12sin ,直线l :x -2y -4=0,点M 到直线l 的距离d =|cos φ-sin φ-6|5所以d ≥6-25=65-105,即M 到l 的距离的最小值为.解析:(1)当a =2时,f(x )>5即2|x -2|+|x +2|>5-2(2-x )-(x +2)>5,解得x<-2,2≤x ≤2(2-x )+x +2>5,解得-2≤x<1,(x -2)+(x +2)>5,解得x>73,故不等式f (x )>5解集为{x|x<1或x>73},即不等式的解集为(-∞,1)(2)若[3,6]⊆B 则原不等式f (x )≤|2x +1|在[3,6]上恒成立,即|x +a|+2|x -2|≤|2x +1|,即|x +a|≤2x +1-2(x -2),即|x +a|≤5,∴-5≤x +a ≤5,即-5-a≤x≤5-a5-a≤3-a≥6,解得-8≤a≤-1,故满足条件的a的取值范围是a∈[-8,-1].。

冲刺2023年高考英语全国乙卷模拟试卷(一)(解析版)

冲刺2023年高考英语全国乙卷模拟试卷(一)(解析版)

绝密★启用前冲刺2023年高考英语模拟试卷英语(全国乙卷)(解析版)(一)注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

A卷第一部分听力一、听短对话,选出正确地答案。

1.(2022春·河北沧州·高一泊头市第一中学校考期末)Who will probably take care of the dog?A.Nancy.B.Jason.C.Mark.【答案】C【原文】W: Jason, who is going to take care of your dog while you travel abroad? You can’t take it with you, can you?M: Of course, I can’t.W: Do you need a hand?M: Thanks, Nancy. My colleague Mark is always there for me when I need some help. 2.(2022春·上海·高三专题练习)A.Her credit card.B.Her handbag.C.Her passport.D.Her new shoes.【答案】C【原文】W: Did you see my passport? I can't find it anywhere in my handbag.M: I remember you used it yesterday to pay for those shoes with your credit card. Question: What is the woman looking for?3.(2022秋·江苏·高三校联考阶段练习)What is the woman doing?A.Asking for directions.B.Visiting a museum.C.Exercising in a park.【答案】A【原文】W: Excuse me, do you know where I can find a cafe around here?M: There’s one right next to the museum down the block. They have wonderful coffee. There’s also one in the park about a mile away with an outside seating area.4.(2020秋·上海黄浦·高三上海市向明中学校考期中)What can we learn from the conversation?A.The woman will take two more outfits to the reception.B.There are too many guests in the reception.C.The woman is more considerate than the man.D.It is wiser to follow the routine.【答案】C【原文】M: I think one outfit is enough for the reception.W: If I were you, I’d prepare two. In case something unexpected happens.5.(2022·全国·模拟预测)Where does the conversation probably take place?A.At a hotel.B.At a laundry.C.At a clothing store.【答案】A【原文】W: The room attendant delivered some laundry to my room, but it’s not mine. Mine is a dark blue silk dress.M: Sorry about the mistake. We’ll deliver the right one to you right away.二、听长对话,选出正确地答案。

河北省衡水中学2024届高三下学期高考冲刺物理试卷(一) (含解析)

河北省衡水中学2024届高三下学期高考冲刺物理试卷(一) (含解析)

2023~2024学年度河北衡水中学冲刺高考物理密卷(一)本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。

共100分。

考试时间75分钟。

第Ⅰ卷(选择题共46分)一、单项选择题(本题共7小题,每小题4分,共28分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.采用图甲所示的装置研究光电效应现象,电流表和电压表不测量时指针均指在表盘的正中间。

分别用a、b、c三束单色光照光电管的阴极K,得到光电管两端的电压与相应的光电流的关系。

如图乙所示。

下列说法正确的是( )A.测量遏止电压时开关S应扳向1B、a光的光子能量比b光的小C.a光照射时光电子的最大初动能比c光照射的大D.c光的强度比a光的大2、两辆汽车A、B在相邻车道以不同的速度匀速行驶,前方十字路口红灯,两车刹车过程中并排行驶时,如图甲所示,车头到前方停车线的距离均为20m,最终两车头均恰好到达停车线前。

以两车并排行驶时车头所在处为位移0点并开始计时,以汽车运动方向为正方向建立x轴,汽车A整个过程的x-t图像如图乙所示,是开口向下的抛物线的一部分,汽车B 整个过程的y-t图像为如图丙所示的直线,下列说法正确的是( )A.两汽车同时到达停车线前B.汽车A的初速度大小为6m/sC .汽车B 的加速度大小为1m/s 2D.两车头沿运动方向的最大距离为3、半径为R 的半圆弧金属丝均匀带+Q 的电荷时,在其圆心处产生的电场强度大小为,k 为静电力常量。

若让一根半径为R 的圆弧金属丝均匀带+Q 的电荷,则在其圆心处产生的电场强度大小为( )A .B .C .D . 4、今年冬天,南海公园、赛罕塔拉、包头乐园为吸引游客,兴建了滑雪游乐场,某公园的滑雪场设置了如图所示滑道跳雪游戏项目:滑道由高为H 的斜面滑道AB 、水平滑道BC 和高为h 的斜面滑道CD 三部分组成,AC 水平距离为L ,CD 滑道的倾角固定,为45°,游客脚上的滑雪板与三段滑道之间的动摩擦因数均为μ=0.25,游客从A 点由静止开始下滑,经过水平滑道BC 过渡后由C 点水平飞出,若不计在B 点的机械能损失,下列说法正确的是( )A .只要H 和L 一定,不管滑道AB 的倾角有多大,游客从C 点飞出的速度一定B .若游客落在滑道CD 的不同点上,则落在滑道的各点速度方向不相同C .其他条件不变,为保证游客落在滑道CD 上,L 可以设计适当短一些D . 当3H =L +h 时,游客恰好落在 D 点5、2023年11月 16 日,中国北斗系统正式加入国际民航组织标准,成为全球民航通用的卫星导航系统。

2023版新教材高考化学复习特训卷第二部分仿真模拟冲刺标准练一

2023版新教材高考化学复习特训卷第二部分仿真模拟冲刺标准练一

仿真模拟冲刺标准练(一)可能用到的相对原子质量:H —1 C —12 N —14 O —16 Na —23 S —32 Cr —52一、选择题:本题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题目要求。

1.2021年10月13日,联合国生物多样性大会通过《昆明宣言》,《宣言》承诺最迟在2030年使生物多样性走上恢复之路,进而全面实现“人与自然和谐共生”的2050年愿景。

下列做法不适宜推广的是( )A .减少塑料袋的使用B .开发使用清洁能源C .垃圾分类回收利用D .禁止使用农药化肥2.下列化学用语或图示表达不正确的是( )A .NH +4 的电子式:[H ∶N ··H,··H ∶H]+B .CO 2的结构式:O===C===OC .甲苯的空间填充模型:D .Ca 2+的结构示意图:3.下列方程式与所给事实不相符的是( )A .浓硝酸用棕色瓶保存:4HNO 3=====光照 4NO 2↑+O 2↑+2H 2OB .过量碳酸氢钠与氢氧化钡溶液反应:2HCO -3 +Ba 2++2OH -===BaCO 3↓+CO 2-3 +2H 2OC .硫酸铵溶液显酸性:NH +4 +H 2O ⇌NH 3·H 2O +H +D .电解精炼铜的阳极反应:Cu 2++2e -===Cu4.下列说法正确的是( )A .标准状况下,5.6 L CH 4中所含C —H 键的数目为6.02×1023B .室温下,1 L 0.1 mol ·L -1 CH 3COOH 溶液中CH 3COO -的数目为6.02×1022C .质量相同的H 2O 和D 2O(重水)所含的原子数相同D .室温下,pH =12的氨水中,OH -的物质的量为0.01 mol5.元素X 、Y 、Z 和R 在周期表中的位置如图所示。

R 位于第四周期,X 、Y 、Z 原子的最外层电子数之和为17。

冲刺卷1-2023年高考仿真模拟 英语卷(试题版)(江苏)

冲刺卷1-2023年高考仿真模拟 英语卷(试题版)(江苏)

2023年高考英语考试冲刺卷01 (江苏)第一部分:听力(共两节,满分30 分)第一节听下面 5 段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后,你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题,每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What are the speakers talking about?A. Making a birthday cake.B. Going to a birthday party.C. Repairing the broken clock.2. What does the man think of the art show?A. Fun.B. Just so so.C. Not good.3. What will the man do this weekend?A. Stay at home and pull the weeds.B. Go to the woman’s Lawn Care Party.C. Go to the woman’s Paint My Kitchen Party.4. What’s the man worried about?A. His health.B. Steve’s petting fired.C. His risk of losing the job.5. What is Josh’s attitude to his girlfriend’s rudeness?A. Unconcerned.B. Regretful.C. Embarrassed.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

2023年四川省成都市高考模拟冲刺卷英语试题(一)(含解析)

2023年四川省成都市高考模拟冲刺卷英语试题(一)(含解析)

2023年四川省成都市高考模拟冲刺卷(一)评卷人得分阅读理解第一节阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A. B. C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

(共16小题: 每小题2分,满分30分) (共16题; 共30分)AOne of the most important things in the world is friendship. In order to have friends, you have to be a friend. But how can you be a good friend at schoolListen —Listen when they are talking. Don’t say anything unless they ask you a question. Sometimes it’s not necessary for you to have anything to say; they just need someone to talk to about their feelings.Help them — If your friend is ever in need of something, be there to help them. You should try to put them first, but make sure you don’t do everything they want you to do. Try to take an extra (额外的) pencil or pen with you to classes in case (以防) they forget one. Have a little extra money in your pocket in case they forget something they need.Be there for them — Try to make something for your friend to help make them feel better in hard times. Making cards and encouraging them are among the nicest things you can do for a friend. Marilyn Monroe, a famous U.S. actor, once said, “I often make mistakes. Sometimes I am out of control. But if you can’t stay with me at my worst,you are sure not to deserve (值得) to be with me at my best.” Always remember this! If you don’t want to stay with your friends when they’re in hard times, then you don’t deserve to be with them when they’re having a good time!______—Try to make plans with your friends. Go shopping, go for ice cream, have a party, go to a movie and so on. Take time to know each other even better by doing something you both enjoy. By planning things together, you both can have a good time. And you’ll remember these things when you’re all old!1.While your friend is talking to you about his or her feelings, you should _____.A.give him or her some advice B.just listen unless askedC.calm him or her down D.share your feelings as well2.When we provide help for our friends, we should _____.A.try to do everything for them B.put them before ourselves C.change their bad habits first D.ignore their faults3.What can we learn from Marilyn Monroe’s wordsA.Life without a friend is death.B.A friend is easier lost than found.C.A friend in need is a friend indeed.D.A man is known by his friends.4.Which of the following can be put in the blank of the last paragraphA.Make plans. B.Enjoy yourself.C.Understand your friends. D.Play with your friends.BIt seems that you can hardly go to any bookstore without encountering Charles Dickens. From Oliver Twist to A Tale of Two Cites, Dickens’ works still enjoy great popularity today and are placed on notable shelves.As someone who teaches Dickens, the question of why we still read him is often on my min. Nearly 10 years ago, I told my students that Dickens, works started crazes in Victorian readers. Then a hand shot up in the middle of the room. “But why should we still read his stuff ” A student asked. I was speechless because I had never considered the question myself. The answer I gave was only acceptable. “Because he teaches you how to think,” I said.The question annoyed me for years, and for years I told myself answers, but never with complete satisfaction. We read Dickens because he not only was a man of his own times, but also is a man for our times. We read Dickens because his exploration of the human mind is deep. We read Dickens because we can learn from the experiences of his characters. These are all wonderful reasons, but not exactly the reasons why I read Dickens.My search for an answer continued in vain, until one day a text message came from a student of mine. “We still read Dickens’ novels,” she wrote,“because they tell us why we are what we are.” Simple as it was, that was the explanation I had thought for years.Like most people, I think I knew who I was without knowing it. I was Oliver Twist, always wanting and asking for more. I was Nicholas Nickleby, convinced that my father was watching me from beyond the grave. I was Pip, in love with someone far beyond my reach. I was all of these characters, and I began to understand more about why I was who I was because Dickens had told me so much about human beings. Dickens shines a light on who we are during the best and worst of times. That’s why we still need to read him today.5.What does the underlined word “encountering” mean in Paragraph 1 A.Focusing on B.Coming acrossC.Appealing to D.Subscribing to6.What can we infer from Paragraph 2A.There was a heated discussion about Dickens.B.The author was annoyed by the rude student.C.The author wasn’t satisfied with his own answer.D.None of the students showed interest in Dickens.7.Why do we have to read his booksA.Because he teaches us how to think.B.Because he is the best writer of his day.C.Because his language is easy to understand.D.Because we can know why we are what we are.8.What’s th e main idea of the passageA.The benefits of reading Dickens’ novels.B.The reason why we still read Dickens today.C.The great influence Dickens has on teenagers.D.The reason why Dickens enjoys great popularity.CNearly one in four Americans made money over the last 12 months by using their personal computers or other devices connected to the Internet. The Pew Research Center, an independent research group in Washington, found that people are using the Internet to find extra work. They go online to sell things such as used books and furniture or they offer to provide services such as babysitting, house cleaning or computer repairs.Pew found that income earned on the Internet can come in many forms. Some said they had jobs that paid a few pennies each to take surveys. In these surveys, people are asked for their opinions of different products or well-known people. About two percent of Americans earned money from ride-sharing companies such as Uber and Lyft. When drivers are ready to pick up passengers, they use their ride-share company’s app. The computer program lets them know when passengers are ready to be picked up and how to reach them. Some people make their homes,apartments, or rooms inside their homes, available for money to people visiting their cities.About 60 percent of people say the income they earn is important to them. But just one in five people who sell things online say the income is enough to be important to their lives. Only 16 percent believe doing online work will lead to a meaningful career. But 37 percent say the extra income earned from online jobs helps them make up for shortages in money.The number one reason people gave for taking online jobs was that the work gave them something to do and was fun. What kind of people work online or use online devices to find work The answer appears to be: mostly people who already have jobs.9.What is the main idea of paragraph 1A.How to sell used books.B.How to find extra work online.C.A new way of making money.D.A new research on the Internet.10.How many forms of earning money online are mentioned in paragraph 2A.1. B.2.C.3. D.4.11.How does the author make the point more persuasiveA.By listing numbers. B.By asking questions.C.By telling stories. D.By doing surveys.12.What is implied in the last paragraphA.Many people have found jobs using the Internet.B.Those who have jobs enjoy making money online.C.The future of the Internet is questioned.D.More people will lose their job soon.DAn Uber self-driving car hit and killed a woman crossing the street in Arizona, U.S., police said on Monday, marking the first death caused by an autonomous vehicle and a potential blow to the technology expected to transform transportation.The ride services company said it was delaying North American tests of its self-driving vehicles, which are currently going on in Arizona, Pittsburgh and Toronto.So-called robot cars, when fully developed by companies including Uber, are expected to thoroughly cut down on motor vehicle deaths and create billion-dollar businesses. But Monday's accident highlighted (凸显) the possible challenges ahead for the promising technology as the cars face real-world situations involving real people."This catastrophic accident highlights why we need to be exceptionally cautious when testing and applying autonomous vehicle technologies topublic roads," said Edward Markey, a member of the transportation committee, in a statement. "Elaine Herzberg, 49, was walking her bicycle outside the crosswalk on a four-lane road in the Phoenix suburb of Tempe at about 10 p.m. MST Sunday when she was struck by the Uber vehicle traveling at about 65 kilometers per hour," police said. The car was in autonomous mode with an operator behind the wheel. U.S. federal safety officials were sending teams to investigate the crash. Canada's transportation ministry in Ontario, where Uber conducts are being tested, also said it was reviewing the accident."Uber and Waymo on Friday urged Congress to pass a law to speed the introduction of self-driving cars into the united states. However, some congressional (国会) representatives have blocked the legislation over safety concerns, and Monday's death could hamper passage of the bill, "congressional assistants said Monday.13.According to the passage, which is the effect of the accident of the woman's being killedA.People will be cautious while crossing a road.B.The woman's family will obtain a billion dollars.C.The process of transforming transportation will be affected. D.Self-driving vehicles will cut down on motor vehicles deaths. 14.We can infer from the passage that ________.A.Less than three places are doing tests of its self-driving vehicles nowB.The officials of the transportation ministry in Ontario were lookig into the crashC.Elaine Herzberg was biking when she was hit by a self-driving car D.We can't be too careful when introducing autonomous vehicle technologies to public roads15.What is the author's purpose in writing the textA.To arouse the public concerns over a self-driving safety.B.To remind car producers to be more careful when testing vehicles technology.C.To advise the Congress to pass a law to speed self-driving cars test in the US.D.To urge the US federal safety regulators to take measures to look into the accident.评卷人得分二、阅读理解第二节七选五(5小题;每小题2分,满分10分) (共1题; 共10分)Most people believe in the right to express their own opinion without fear of punishment. This value, however, is coming under fire in an unlikely place—the public school classroom. The issue is school uniforms. Should public school students be allowed to make individual decisions about clothing ___17___ I think school uniforms are the better choice for students.Wearing school uniforms would help make students’ lives simpler. They would no longer have to decide what to wear every morning, sometimes trying on outfit after outfit in an effort to choose. ___18___School uniforms influence students to act responsibly in groups and as individuals. Uniforms give students the message that school is a special place for learning. ___19___ For example, when students do something as a group, such as attending meetings in the auditorium or eating lunch in the cafeteria, the fact that they all wear the same uniform gives them a sense of unity.___20___ Students’ standards of living differ gre atly from family to family, and some people are well-off while others are not. People sometimes forget that school is a place to get an education, not to promote a “fashion show”. Carrying out mandatory school uniforms would make all the students look the same regardless of their financial status.There are many well-documented benefits of carrying out mandatory school uniforms for students. Many relevant studies have proved that. ___21___A.Schools had better do more further studies.B.Uniforms would help save much time and trouble.C.School uniforms help make all the students feel equal.D.Or should all the students be required to wear a uniformE.School uniforms help bridge the economic gap among students. F.In addition, uniforms create a feeling of community among students. G.Public schools should require uniforms to benefit both the students and society.评卷人得分三、语言知识运用第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分) (共1题; 共30分)It was a busy morning, about 8:30, when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital. I heard him saying to the nurse that he was in a hurry for an appointment at 9:30.The nurse had him take a seat in the waiting area, ___22___him it would be at least 40 minutes____23____someone would be able to see him. I saw him____24____his watch and decided, since I was not busy—my patient didn’t____25____at the appointed hour, I would examine his wound. While taking care of his wound, I asked him if he had another doctor’s appointment.The gentleman said no and told me that he____26____to go to the nursing home to eat breakfast with his___27___. He told me that she had been there for a while and that she had a special disease. I asked if she would be ____28____if he was a bit late. He replied that she___29___ knew who he was, that she had not been able to___30___him for five years now. I was_____31_____, and asked him, “And you still goevery morning, even though she doesn’t know who you are ”He smiled and said, “She doesn’t know me, but I know who she is.” I had to hold back____32____ as he left.Now I____33____that in marriages, true love is_____34_____of all that is. The happiest people don’t ____35____have the best of everything; they just_____36_____the best of everything they have. Life isn’t about how to live through the storm, but how to dance in the rain. 22.A.telling B.promising C.persuading D.understanding 23.A.if B.since C.before D.after24.A.taking off B.winding C.fixing D.looking at 25.A.show off B.turn up C.come on D.go away 26.A.agreed B.forgot C.needed D.happened 27.A.daughter B.mother C.wife D.sister28.A.lonely B.hungry C.doubtful D.worried29.A.so far B.already C.neither D.no longer 30.A.believe B.answer C.recognize D.expect 31.A.moved B.surprised C.disappointed D.satisfied 32.A.tears B.curiosity C.words D.judgment 33.A.suggest B.realize C.hope D.prove 34.A.acceptance B.agreement C.expression D.exhibition 35.A.completely B.necessarily C.naturally D.frequently 36.A.learn B.try C.favor D.Make评卷人得分四、语言知识运用第二节用单词的适当形式完成短文。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

高考仿真冲刺卷(一)
一、选择题:本题共6小题,每小题6分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.螺旋现象普遍存在于多种物质或生物结构中,下列有关说法错误的是( )
A.某些蛋白质具有的螺旋结构,决定了其特定的功能
B.DNA分子具有规则的双螺旋结构,决定了其结构的稳定性
C.染色体解螺旋形成染色质的同时,DNA分子双链也随之解旋
D.水绵的叶绿体呈螺旋式带状,便于实验时观察光合作用的场所
2.下列关于真核细胞生物膜系统的叙述,错误的是( )
A.有丝分裂过程中核膜的变化具有周期性
B.成熟植物细胞的液泡膜具有选择透过性
C.高尔基体膜可转变为细胞膜
D.丙酮酸的分解在线粒体内膜上进行
3.将某植物叶圆片平均分为三组,分别置于一定浓度的GA(赤霉素)溶液、BA(一种细胞分裂素)溶液、未加激素的对照组溶液中。

一段时间后检测叶绿素含量,并与实验前叶绿素含量作比较,所得结果如下图所示。

下列分析合理的是( )
A.实验前检测叶绿素含量是多余的
B.GA和BA作为反应物参与了叶绿素的分解
C.GA、BA的类似物可以应用于蔬菜保鲜
D.GA和BA在阻止叶绿素分解方面一定具有协同作用
4.有一种肾小球炎症常由β溶血性链球菌感染所致,体检会发现患者体内存在
抗原-抗体复合物,并出现蛋白尿。

下列叙述错误的是( )
A.用双缩脲试剂检测蛋白尿,呈现出紫色
B.患者血浆蛋白经尿液流失而使血浆渗透压下降,可出现组织水肿
C.内环境中形成的抗原—抗体复合物可被吞噬细胞吞噬消化
D.该病与系统性红斑狼疮都是因免疫系统防卫功能过低引起的
5.某玉米地内的玉米、甲、乙昆虫分别处于不同的营养级,下图是两种昆虫数量变化曲线。

下列有关叙述正确的是( )
A.昆虫甲、乙之间的种间关系为竞争
B.调查昆虫甲种群密度的最佳方法是标志重捕法
C.乙与甲的数量比值代表两种昆虫间的能量传递效率
D.合理控制昆虫甲、乙的数量,可使能量更多地流向对人有益的部分
6.假设甲果蝇种群中只有Aa、aa两种基因型且数量相等,乙果蝇种群中只有AA、Aa两种基因型且数量相等,现将两种群果蝇混合培养,下列叙述正确的是( )
A.混合前甲、乙种群的A基因频率相同
B.混合前甲、乙种群的Aa基因型频率不同
C.若两种群随机交配,则子一代的A基因频率为25%
D.若甲、乙种群中基因型为Aa的雌雄果蝇随机交配,子一代的A基因频率为50%
二、非选择题:包括必考题和选考题两部分。

第29~32题为必考题,每个试题都必须作答。

第37~38题为选考题,请根据要求作答。

(一)必考题(共39分)
29.(9分)请回答下列有关核酸的问题:
(1)某酶可催化CTP(三磷酸胞苷,其结构如图所示)水解掉2个磷酸基团成为RNA 的基本单位,那么断开的这两个磷酸基团应为CTP的(填希腊字母)位。

除了作为RNA的基本单位外,CTP还参与(填细胞器名称)中脂质的合成。

(2)烟草花叶病毒可以使烟草患病,其遗传物质是RNA,在有关酶的催化下完成RNA 自我复制。

请用文字和箭头表示子代烟草花叶病毒遗传物质及蛋白质外壳的合成过程。

研究发现,与用烟草花叶病毒感染相比,单独用RNA感染烟草时效率很低,推测可能是因为在感染过程中,部分裸露的病毒RNA结构被宿主细胞内的
破坏。

与烟草相比,烟草花叶病毒的遗传信息传递规律的不同点
是。

30.(10分)正常土壤盐分含量约为2 g/kg,土地盐碱化已成为全球性危害,选育耐盐作物有重要意义。

某研究小组将粒重相同的A、B两个品种的小麦植株各均分为3组,实验处理及结果如表(各植株生长状况良好且一致,其他培养条件相同且
(1)土壤盐分含量为2 g/kg时, (填“能”或“不能”)判断B品种小麦的总光合速率大于A品种,原因是。

(2)随土壤盐分含量升高,小麦光合速率逐渐降低,一方面是由于失水导致叶片部分气孔关闭,供给光合作用的减少;另一方面是由于叶绿素活性降低,导致用于暗反应的减少。

(3)盐分含量为9 g/kg的土壤宜种植A品种小麦,理由是。

31.(9分)健康成年人饮用1 000 mL清水后1~2小时内,尿量显著增多,而饮用等量的生理盐水后,尿量变化幅度不大,回答下列问题:
(1)饮用1 000 mL的清水后,尿流量增多的原因是细胞外液的下降,下丘脑分泌的减少, 对水的重吸收减少。

(2)当膀胱中尿液充盈时,膀胱中的相应感受器就会感受到刺激,产生并传递到脊髓腰段的排尿中枢,且能上传到大脑皮层,产生尿意。

如果排尿条件不成熟,大脑能抑制脊髓排尿中枢,这体现了神经调节具有的特点。

(3)若某人胸部脊髓因外伤截断,排尿反射可以完成吗? 。

请简要说明原因: 。

32.(11分)某植物为雌雄异株,性别决定方式为XY型。

请回答下列问题:(以下研究的等位基因均为完全显性)
(1)该植物花色只有蓝花和紫花两种表现型,由两对等位基因A和a (位于常染色体)、B和b(位于X染色体)共同控制,已知基因A控制紫花形成,且基因B抑制基因A的表达。

用蓝花雄株(aaX B Y)与某紫花雌株杂交,F1中的雄株全为紫花,则亲本紫花雌株的基因型为
;F1中雌株的表现型为。

让F1中的雌雄植株杂交,F2雌株中蓝花植株所占比例为。

(2)该植物粗茎(D)对细茎(d)、条形叶(E)对披针叶(e)为显性,这两对基因独立遗传,且位于常染色体上。

让纯种粗茎条形叶植株与细茎披针叶植株杂交得到F1,F1自交时,若含dE的花粉一半死亡,则F2的性状比例
为。

该种群是否发生了进化? 。

(3)研究发现,该植物种群中的雌雄个体中均有抗病和不抗病个体存在,已知该抗病性状受显性基因F控制,位于性染色体上,下图为其性染色体简图。

(注:X和Y 染色体的Ⅰ片段是同源的,该部分基因互为等位基因;Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2片段是非同源的,该部分基因不互为等位基因)
①F、f基因不可能位于图中的片段。

②现有抗病的雌雄植株若干,请通过一代杂交实验,推测杂交子一代可能出现的
性状及控制该性状的基因位于图中的哪个片段。

(要求只写出子一代的性状表现和相应的结论)。

(二)选考题:共15分。

请从2道试题中任选一题作答。

37.【生物——选修1:生物技术实践】(15分)牛和山羊的瘤胃中有能降解尿素的细菌,某生物兴趣小组为验证该菌对尿素是否有分解作用进行实验,制作培养基中的物质溶解后,用蒸馏水定容至1 000 mL。

回答下列问题:
(1)为了将牛和山羊的瘤胃中降解尿素的细菌进行分离,培养基中的碳源
是;培养基中加入尿素的目的是。

(2)研究人员对牛和山羊的瘤胃中的微生物取样后,进行了系列梯度的稀释,倍数为10~107,稀释后将稀释倍数为105、106和107的稀释液分别涂布在三个平板上,并每个稀释倍数各设置一组接种等量菌液的牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基。

①则该同学共需要设置个培养基,设置牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基作为对照的目的是。

②若稀释倍数为105倍的三个平板中的菌落数分别为8、10、11,则
(填“能”或“不能”)直接用该稀释倍数下的测量数据进行计数,正确的做法是。

(3)以尿素为唯一氮源的培养基培养“目的菌”后,加入指示剂后变红色,能说明“目的菌”能分解尿素的原因是。

38.【生物——选修3:现代生物科技专题】(15分)科学家通过利用PCR定点突变技术改造Rubisco酶基因,提高了光合作用过程中Rubisco酶对CO2的亲和力,从而显著提高了植物的光合作用速率,请回答下列问题:
(1)PCR过程所依据的原理是,该过程需要加入的酶
是。

利用PCR技术扩增目的基因的前提是要有一段已知目的基因的核苷酸序列,以便根据这一序列合成。

(2)该技术不直接改造Rubisco酶,而是对控制Rubisco酶的基因进行改造,从而实现对Rubisco酶的改造,其原因是。

和传统基因工程技术相比较,定点突变技术最突出的优点是 ,
PCR定点突变技术属于的范畴。

(3)可利用定点突变的DNA构建基因表达载体。

常用将基因表达载体导入植物细胞,将该细胞经植物组织培养技术培育成幼苗,从细胞水平分析所依据的原理是。

相关文档
最新文档