托福独立写作文章结构如何安排

托福独立写作文章结构如何安排
托福独立写作文章结构如何安排

托福独立写作文章结构如何安排

托福独立写作*结构如何安排?常见问题及高分思路分享,下面就和大家分享托福独立写作*结构如何安排,希望能够帮助到大家,来欣赏一下吧。

托福独立写作*结构如何安排?常见问题及高分思路分享

托福独立写作总分总结构很LOW吗?

说到托福写作的结构,曾有考生问过ETS官方,说中国语文的作文是总分总的结构,托福还是这么写会不会太低端了啊?官方给出的回答是,总分总的篇章安排不叫低端(low),而叫经典(classic)。我们都说一个写作题目没有标准答案的范文,但是有一个东西可以说是形成了不成文的规定的,那就是一篇好的作文一定是有头有尾、中间细分几段论证的,这一点可以从很多官方给出的范文或是学生的高分*中得到证实。

托福独立写作到底应该写4段还是5段?

另外,很多考生还存在疑问的一点在于到底一篇*是写四段还是五段,在看来,两种结构各有利弊所在。一般写4段式的同学都是因为主体段只能想出两条理由,实在是想不出第三条理由,只能以1+2+1的结构完成*。大家都知道一般来说要想拿到不错的分数,一篇新托福议论文需要写到400字左右,那么,如

果主体段只写两段,势必需要考生在这两个段落的论证细节上写出更多的内容,否则字数撑不到那么多,而这一点对于很多考生来说恰恰也是很有难度的。相反地,如果写成5段式,貌似就需要考生能想出3条理由进行论证,但事实是,很多考生根本想不到3点理由,能想出2点已经是绞尽脑汁了。在这种情况下,怎么做才是最简易、最轻松的应对办法呢?

比较建议大家写5段式的*,但主体段并不是上文所说的3个理由段,而是采用2+1的模式,即两个理由段,再加一个让步段。关于理由段的写法,将在下文详细分析,在此先重点解释一下让步段到底是什么意思。“让步”字面意思是退一步,那么放到我们作文里,意思就是承认一下反方的观点。西方的*不太喜欢作者全篇一味强调自己观点的正确性,而是需要作者能适当回应并评价一下反方的观点,这样的*看起来会更加有说服力。当然,广大考生需要注意的是,这里提到的“承认反方观点”指的是“弱弱地承认”,承认过后必须再削弱回去或者说再驳斥回去,只有这样才能更强调出*观点的准确性,否则读者看起来会有confusion,也就是为什么一会儿支持自己的观点,一会儿又支持反方观点。

托福独立写作合理结构分配建议

总结一下,笔者推荐的新托福议论文结构为1+3(2+1)+1的模式。第一段总起全文,导入话题并给出本人观点,主体段前两段

为理由段,想出两条理由论证正方观点,主体段第三段为让步段,先承认反方观点的合理之处,再削弱此观点,最后一段为总结段,重申本人观点,再做适当的展望。

托福考试作文范例:父母应代替少年儿童作决定吗

托福考试作文题目:

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions

for their older (15 to 18 year-old) teenage children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

托福考试作文参考分析:

表明立场:这样的做法有一定的道理。支持这样的做法的理由:older teenage children还不够成熟(immature),考虑不够周全(inconsiderate),尤其涉及到经济相关的决定时,缺乏独立承担能力(incapable of being independent)。然而,“如何保证parents或者adult relatives所作的决定就是正确的”也是个问题。另外,总是把孩子排除在决定权之外,是否会使孩子变得“没能力做出任何决定”?the ability to make sound de cision是人生道路上很重要

的能力之一。

托福考试作文范文:

The issue of whether parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their teenage children arouses much controversy among people with different perspectives and backgrounds. Some people believe the statement is legitimate, because children are not mature and have not enough experiences to determine the optimal choice. On the other hand, people claim that nobody can control others life even their parents. People should be responsible for their own behaviors and determine their lives. As far as I am concerned, I would like to refute the former and support the latter. In the following discussing, I would like to address some evidence to substantiate my point of view.

In the first place, the most important reason for me to choose this position is that old teenagers have their own thoughts and ideas. The fact that the thoughts of children are not perfect and logical does not mean their parents have right to eliminate their decision without considering the childrens intentions. In the era of rapid social and technological changes leading to increasing life complexity and psychological displacement, the good decision in parents time would be out of data.

In the second place, the job of parents is not to make decision for their children, but to help them to choose. In this period of 15 to

托福写作高分范文仿写技巧

托福写作高分范文仿写技巧作为托福考试写作部分两篇文章其中之一,独立写作主要以学生的学术知识背景和个人生活经验为基础来考察语语言的学习规律是相通的。有了正确的『输入』,才能有正确的『输出』。所以,要想在英文写作中有所提高,我们可以借鉴一些上乘的范文,对其思路、结构、语言等进行模仿,并最终应用在我们自己的文章中。这个过程就叫做『仿写』。今天文都国际教育小编就给大家介绍下托福写作高分范文仿写技巧。 如何做仿写? 托福写作高分范文仿写技巧Step 1 通读范文,了解通篇大意,仔细研究各段构思。 在教学过程中,我会为学生甄选符合国外考试评分标准的优秀范文。学生拿到这些范文后,可以从宏观的角度了解作者对于题目的观点,是采用了单边、双边还是中立的角度来进行论证。学生还可以从微观的角度,深度分析每个主体段,作者是如何通过有逻辑地说理,并配以恰当具体的例子,来证明此段的分论点。 以下为范?段落实例: Modern society places a lot of emphasis on success. Though success is clearly desirable, Ithink our intense focus on success is unhealthy and counter productive.People would be better served by learning how to adopt a positive attitude towards failure. 托福写作高分范文仿写技巧Step 2 学习优秀的语言点 针对每一篇范文,我会为学生总结出其中用法得到的词组和句式,并让学生趁热打铁,强化对这些语料的记忆。这种从整体中提取,呈现成个体的形式,会让学生对这些语料的印象更加深刻。 以下为提取实例:

英语写作经典段落结构(雅思托福都适用)Five Paragraph Essay Structure

Five Paragraph Essay Structure The five-paragraph essay is the commonest and most basic form of academic essay used in English and American high schools. Below you will find a map of the essay structure, and we will be using this structure in all of our argumentative and persuasive essays. Introduction (3-4 sentences) 1.Hook – Attracts the readers attention and introduces the main idea 2.Bridge – Develops the topic enough to explain the thesis statement 3.Thesis Statement – Introduces the topic and controlling ideas of the essay Main body Paragraph 1 (5 sentences) 1.Topic sentence – Introduces the topic and controlling idea for this paragraph (this controlling idea should be linked to the thesis statement) 2.Development – The topic should be expanded and more information introduced (5W1H) 3.Evidence – An example/fact should be used to prove your opinion 4.Development – Further develop the fact and show how it proves your point 5.Concluding sentence – Pulls together and summarises main point from topic sentence and paragraph Main body Paragraph 2 (5 sentences) 1.Topic sentence – Introduces the topic and controlling idea for this paragraph (this controlling idea should be linked to the thesis statement) 2.Development – The topic should be expanded and more information introduced (5W1H) 3.Evidence – An example/fact should be used to prove your opinion 4.Development – Further develop the fact and show how it proves your point 5.Concluding sentence – Pulls together and summarises main point from topic sentence and paragraph Counter Argument (4-5 sentences) 1.Counter argument –Introduces opposition’s strongest argument 2.Refutation – Explain why that argument is not valid or appropriate 3.Example – Use an example to support your refutation 4.Development (optional) - Further develop the fact and show how it proves your point 5.Concluding sentence - Pulls together and summarises main point from refutation Conclusion 1.Restate thesis – Restate the main topic and controlling idea from the thesis statement (paraphrased) 2.Summary – Summarise the main points from the article to support your opinion 3.Conclusion – Create a new idea/thinking point based on the points raised in the article

托福写作——素材

学校:学校所指定的每项制度都应该从学生的实际出发,可以考虑制度A是否是学生学到真 正有用的知识,所学知识是否使用,是否所设置课程,政策能激发学生潜力,是否有助于帮助学生形成健康有利的性格,以及能否在未来为学生的就业,工作提供有效的帮助。一些辅助学科能否帮助学生减少课业压力,普遍提高学生学习成绩。。。 Schools have always been interested in three kinds of outcomes: what the students are able to do in terms of those skills the students acquire; to what extent do those students know after attaining knowledge at school; and what kind of people they will become. “The most important part of education,”once wrote William Ernest Hocking, the distinguished Harvard philosopher, “is this instruction of a man in what he has inside him.” 2007.7.7基础科学课程The purpose of those classes that universities or colleges offer lies in the notion that those class may help students in respects of both career and daily life. From learning science, students can apply basic in actual life in which they can handle some emergencies such as pipe leaking and short circuit instead of asking maintenance staff for help. Besides those life skills, some students may be inspired so as to choose science as their career since no one can tell whether s/he likes an object before coming into contact with it for sure. Science class can also increase creativity of students, enhancing their capacity for knowledge and understanding. Some interesting experiments release students’ stress from heavy study. 2007.7.28/2009.6.13历史课程:Michael Crichton once wrote, “If you didn’t know your history, you didn’t know anything. You are a leaf that didn’t know that it was a part of a tree.” When we learn about history, we are really learning about ourselves—where we came from, why we do things the way we do, and how it got to be that way. An individual without any memory has a difficult time functioning; a people without collective memory—an understanding of their history—have an equally difficult time understanding who they are. It is commonly acknowledged that an understanding of the past is fundamental to an understanding of the present. The analysis and interpretation of history explain the cores of some present events. To some extent, history provides guidance for further development, helping us avoid repeating mistakes. For example, what we can learn from the failure of Prohibition during the 1930s is that it can be a mistake to legislate morality. 2009.5.30艺术音乐:Arts education aids students in skill needed in the workplace: flexibility, the ability to solve problems and communicate; the ability to learn new skills, to be creative and innovative and to strive for excellence. Explore potentiality of students( 同科学课程) 2007.8.25:General subject& specific knowledge:General subjects have plenty of advantages, 结合科学,历史,艺术音乐以上points. Specific Knowledge: all students apply for jobs eventually after graduations. Due to fierce competition, students need to enrich themselves continuously so that they will stand out among a great number of competitors. At the same time, schools play an important role assisting students preparing for their future and provide help as much as possible. Some employers will not hire graduating students in terms of their lack of knowledge in specific fields, considering the amount of costs in training them.Society needs doctors, lawyers, engineers, teachers to perform specific tasks necessary to its operation, just as it needs of society so that the work of the world may continue. Therefore, the burden of training students falls on the shoulders of schools.

托福独立写作中间段2种常用写法优劣势对比分析

托福独立写作中间段2种常用写法优 劣势对比分析 托福独立写作中间段一般大家都会写3段,也就是围绕主要观点树立三个分论点来分别展开。今天和大家分享托福独立写作中间段2种常用写法优劣势对比分析,希望能帮助到大家,来欣赏一下吧。 托福独立写作中间段2种常用写法优劣势对比分析 托福独立写作主体段如何丰富结构? 托福考生经常会有疑惑的问题就是:我的三个主体段全部都是讲故事,好像手法太单一了,会不会被扣分?如何丰富?答案是:有可能;以及,偶尔的使用纯解释型段落。众所周知,TOEFL写作中展开手法有两种,exemplification和explanation。例证显然是二者中更简单的一个。因此,大部分同学都更倾向于使用例证。因为它更容易快速上手,并且大家可以通过举例来展开具体化的细节,从而获得高分。但注意,如果三个主体段全部是讲故事展开,未免会有语言太差的嫌疑。因此,除了例证,我们*中最好可以稍微涉及到一些说理部分。 举例和说理写法各自优势讲解

例证的优势即为能够更轻松的展开出有效并具体化的细节,或俗称“好凑字”。解释的好处为语言简练,表达效率高,*的递进性、节奏会更紧凑。这两种论证方式都有各自的明显优势,考生在选择写法时也需要结合自身需求(比如提升*篇幅用举例,增强说服力用说理)。 举例和说理写法弱点对比分析 例证在TOEFL写作中并无太明显的劣势。解释的劣势就比较明显了。同样的一个分论点,有的同学用例证可以很轻松写到200字,而解释只能说到100字。有的同学可能有个刻板印象:讲故事的语言通常比较简单,句式单一,因此不容易得高分。注意,讲故事语言和句式也是可以复杂的;或者大家可以选择简单但地道的表达,可同样可以获得满分。 托福独立写作中如何选择不同写法? 因此我们以后考场上的答题战略很简单。第一段为例证段落。目的为使劲凑字,尽量直接写满200字。第二、三段可以选择简短的小故事或者解释性段落,分别写到60~100字左右。这样主体段已经达到至少320字,再加上开头结尾段,可以轻松满足350字的字数要求。 托福独立写作说理explanation写法怎么练?

托福独立写作主体段写法技巧――双观点篇(精)

托福独立写作主体段写法技巧——双观点篇 托福独立写作对于很多托福考生来说是取得高分难以逾越的一道鸿沟, 这不仅需要大量的练习, 还需掌握其中的诀窍。今天, 教育优选为各位考生带来托福独立写作主题段双观点的写法点拨,希望对各位考生有所帮助。 通常对于独立写作我们都会选择五段式的结构,这个结构包括三个主体段, 按照题型我们可以将写作类型分为三个:支持反对类 (单观点、对比比较类 (双观点、自主定义类。今天,闫玲娟老师跟各位考生分析一下有关双观点类题目的写作技巧,下面是一道典型的题目: Topic 2008.11.9 Movies and TV have more positive effects than negative effects on young people’ s behavior. 电影电视对于青少年行为的影响利大于弊。 题目中明显要求就电视的优点以及缺点进行比较,我们暂且用 A 、 B 表示两个不同观点 1.A+A+B 双关的写作的第一种写法是运用两个正向的论点去支撑 A , 再用一个论点去支持 B ,因为 A 的优势更大一些,所以最终得出 A 更合适的结果。 Topic 2008.11.9 Movies and TV have more positive effects than negative effects on young people’ s behavior. 电影电视对于青少年行为的影响利大于弊。 Agree :

The positive influence outweighs their negative effects. Large quantities of motion pictures (movies about encouragement strengthen young generation’ s willpower to chase dreams with determination. Influenced by a number of interesting TV programs, young people begin to learn things that they used to feel boring. Admittedly , we should not ignore that there are some violent plots which tend to result in teenage crimes.However, this kind of movie makes up only a small section of products in film industry and is under the strict control of government. Therefore, its influence is quite limited. 我们可以看到, 在这种写法中, 我们所支持的观点为电影电视是利大于弊的。 前两个理由我们先正向抛出两个论点说明为什么它们对青年人的影响利大于弊, 最后一个分论点我们写让步段, 先承认它们的确有可能对青年人行为产生错误的引导, 但是其后又对这些错误影响做一些弥补, 因为有负面影响的节目只是整个电影市场的一小部分,不能够以偏概全,断章取义。 2.A+A-B 我们介绍的第二种写法是, 先用两个正向的论点支持 A , 再用一个论点去反对B ,最终得出 A 更适合的结果。 Topic :Some people argue that the government should not spend money on public services and facilities, but on arts. 有一部分人认为政府应该花更多的钱在公共服务和基础设施上,而非艺术上。 Public facilities, widely accepted as the main foundation to a city’ s development, should be one of the highest priorities. In addition to social benefits, ther e are a great number of economic merits that …

托福写作评分标准

托福写作评分标准公司内部编号:(GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-

托福写作评分标准托福写作评分包括机器评分以及人工评分两部分: 机器评分E-rater- 语法是否正确、用词是否得当、以及单词拼写及大小写是否准确等方面, 一篇考生的文章会经过两台机器评分。 人工评分通过ETS阅卷人评分,综合写作和独立写作分别有两位阅卷人给出分数。 托福写作原始分数为0-5分,考生得分分为三个level GOOD,FAIR,LIMITED 最终成绩通过两个科目的分数取平均分,再换算为30分制的分数。 详解托福综合写作的评分细则

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