奥林巴斯外科产品NTC故障预防培训教材
油漆涂装异常与对策

2、由作业者所起因时
· 作业者厚涂 · 部分厚涂差异不均 · 喷枪距离近而速度慢加风压过低
Insert SBU, eg. Automotive OEM Coatings
Datum - 4
Dateiname
BASF Coatings
二、流挂
3、由自动涂装机所起因时
· 吐出量过多 · 雾化风压过低 · 喷枪距离过近 · 喷枪的喷束图幅太小 · 自动涂装机速度太慢
Insert SBU, eg. Automotive OEM Coatings
Datum - 5
Dateiname
BASF Coatings
三、失光
现象:涂面无法得到良好的光泽,在光线下其反射光有蒙的现象 原因: 1、由涂料所起因时
· 底漆的干燥过快或过慢(溶剂过快或过慢) · 清漆中的溶剂与底漆的相关性不良 · 溶剂不适应--以无溶解力的溶剂稀释使稀释NV降低 · 有时会被涂料中的颜料分量所影响
Datum - 2
Dateiname
BASF Coatings
一、爆孔 针孔
3、由自动涂装机所起因时
· 吐出量过多 · 雾化风压异常 · 雾化风的温度过高 · 喷枪的距离不恰当 · 喷枪的喷束图形与涂装机的速度不恰当
4、其他
· Booth温度过高 · Booth中放置区的温度过高 · 烘炉的起温过高 · 下涂有细微针孔 · 放置干燥时间不够 · 车体温度过高 · 涂料温度过高
4、其他
· Booth、烘箱清扫时所使用的油分没有完全除去 · 下涂(车体)有异物附着 · 工场方面的环境有容易发生缩边的条件
重点:
· Booth内的现象可以确认出来 · 因真正原因难于判断所以拟跟着逐次检查 · 因下涂的异物附着而成缩孔时在入Booth前以Tinner擦拭就可改善,但要注意 溶胀
警告:防止电击,请在安装或维修前断电说明书

(Cat CET5_)Have only qualified personnel service this equipment. If you are not qualified to service this equipment, you can injure yourselves or others, or cause equipment damage.Seules des personnes qualifiées peuvent travailler sur cet apparel. Ne pas être qualifié pour ce travail peut causer des blessures à vousou à d autres et peut endommager l’appareil.Dieses Gerät darf nur von qualifiziertem Personal gewartet werden. Wenn Sie zur Wartung dieses Gerätes nicht qualifizlert sind, können Sie sich Verletzungen zuziehen bzw. andere verletzen oder Schäden am Gerät verursachen.Sólo personal calificado debe dar servicio a este equipo. Si usted no está debidamente calificado para dar servicio a este equipo, puede causar daños en su persona u otras personas, o bien ocasionar daños al propio equipo.Solo personale qualificato deve lavorare su questo dispositivo. Se non siete qualificati per questa attivitá, potreste causare infortuni a voi stessi, agli altri o danneggiare I’apparecchio stesso.Motor Protection Relay Installation Instructions Motorschutzrelais Installationsanweisungen Relais de Moteur Instructions pour I’installation Relay per motore Istruzioni di InstatlazioneProteccion del Motor Instrucciones de InstalaclónRelay Flush Mounting and DimensionsWiring the Main CircuitF1F2F3L1L2L3N CET 5Wye-Wye VT ConnectionFig 2 Voltage ConnectionsOption Card Cat No. CVS 5 is requiredA1A2K1123456CET 5CWEM 3 -Converter Module Cat No. CWE4-2.5Cat No. CWE4-20Cat No. CWE4-180Cat No. CWE4-630Cat No. CWE4-630NFig 3 Relay Without Phase CTsT2Transformer T2 circuit and the CET 5 relay chassis must be grounded in the relay cabinet. This will minimize susceptibility to noise in the ground current measurementFig 4 Relay With phase CTs and Core Balance CTSee the option card or user manual for input voltage rating Slots C,D,and E are for option cardsWiring the Control CircuitL1L2L3SpecificationElectrical RatingMain CircuitsControl CircuitsStandardsCSA 22 2 No 14,EN60947-4-1,EN60947-5-1,UL 508。
OLYMPUS内窥镜消毒:避免麻痹说明书

Endoscope Reprocessing: Avoiding ComplacencyPosted in Articles, Industry Issues, Procedures, Endoscopy, Endoscope, Instrument Processing,Infection ControlBy Mary Ann Drosnock, MS, CIC, CFER, RM (NRCM)The risk of infection from gastrointestinal endoscopy in the United States is very low. Reported cases of infection transmission are typically associated with a breach in accepted reprocessing protocols or the use of defective equipment. When technicians diligently follow industry-accepted reprocessing guidelines, the risk of transmitting infection is virtually eliminated.This is comforting news for patients. However, reprocessing procedures place a great deal of responsibility on nurses and technicians to clean and disinfect consistently, procedure after procedure, day after day. Reprocessing can become a monotonous task, and, over time, shortcuts can creep in taking the place of important steps in order to accelerate turnaround time.To reduce the risk of human error and to minimize the number of infection transmissions, facilities must evaluate endoscope reprocessing methods repeatedly, identify inconsistencies and potential problems, and implement improvements as appropriate.How can facilities ensure endoscopes are adequately reprocessed?Here are three suggestions:1. Establish a strict procedure for monitoring endoscope reprocessing if your facility does not already have one.Designate someone to take the lead in verifying that monitoring is completed per the facility’s policy. Endoscope reprocessing policies should include a procedure for monitoring the quality of endoscope reprocessing on a regular basis―whether per procedure, daily, weekly or even by random sampling.While visual inspection is the required method, many facilities have begun to implement some type of additional reprocessing verification testing. Why? Because visual inspection alone is unable to detect microorganisms or bioburden remaining within endoscope channels.There are limits to the usefulness of culture surveillance. It is not a practical real-time verification of reprocessing efficacy. Strict aseptic sampling technique is required in order to not introduce false positive results. Microbiological cultures take a minimum of 24-to-48 hours to incubate―and some longer.The clinical demand for reuse of endoscopes means the results will likely not be available until after the endoscope is used on the next patient, rendering the monitoring method ineffective for use between patients.Because of this, it is more practical to focus on the quality of your cleaning. Two common ways to monitor cleaning efficacy between procedures include the use of test strips and ATP systems.Test strips can detect the presence of very low levels of protein, carbohydrate and hemoglobin residues―common residues left in or on an endoscope if it has not been cleaned properly.Within 90 seconds of being dipped into sterile water previously flushed through the endoscope channel following manual cleaning, the strip will demonstrate through a color change on the test-strip pad if residues are present.ATP systems identify the amount of organic matter remaining after cleaning by detecting the ATP enzyme present in living cells.A special sponge is passed through the scope’s channel(s) and is then immersed into a luciferase/luciferin reagent.Within 15 seconds, light is emitted in direct proportion to the amount of ATP present, indicating where the endoscope needs to be cleaned further.Although studies show that ATP correlates well with the amount of residual protein, it is not a direct indicator of the level of microbial contamination. In fact, some studies have demonstrated that high levels of pathogenic organisms could be present in or on an endoscope before you would receive a positive ATP result.In addition to having a process for monitoring cleanliness, identifying steps to take when results are positive is just as important. What would your facility do with a positive culture result or positive ATP test?To help your unit respond quickly to unexpected positive results, follow these guidelines: Have a procedure in place to investigate the result, a plan on what to do with the endoscope, and a method available to determine the significance of the result.2. Eliminate or minimize delayed reprocessing.As the clinical demand for endoscopy continues to grow, it can be tempting to set aside endoscopes waiting for reprocessing to assist with the demands associated with increased patient volume. While sometimes unavoidable, delayed reprocessing is not recommended. If reprocessing is delayed, patient fluid or debris can begin to dry onto the surface of the endoscope and within the channels and render the standard reprocessing procedure less effective.Consider delayed reprocessing similar to cleaning a bowl of oatmeal sitting in the kitchen sink. The longer the bowl sits, the harder it is to clean off the caked-on oatmeal. Additional soaking time and additional scrubbing will now be required to remove the dried on debris. The same applies to endoscopes.Delayed reprocessing requires longer soaking periods in detergent to allow the debris to loosen so it can be removed by brushing the channel(s) and wiping the exterior. For maximum effect, the extended soak in detergent could last up to 10 hours for flexible GI endoscopes and up to one hour for surgical flexible endoscopes, including bronchoscopes.Extended soaking is not meant to be performed routinely, but only in instances where reprocessing has been delayed. Routine, long-term submersions can lead to a build-up of internal humidity within the endoscope, which could damage the tool.Additionally, while delayed reprocessing may seem to facilitate more time for staff to spend with patients up front, delaying the reprocessing will add, at a minimum, one to several hours to the reprocessing procedure.Instituting a policy that states the maximum length of time between reprocessing steps will alleviate delays and, therefore, the requirement for extended soaks.3. Pay attention to how endoscopes are stored.Task someone with closely monitoring how endoscopes are stored and with identifying opportunities for improvement. How endoscopes are stored will affect their life expectancy and the endoscopes’ cleanliness between uses. Consider the following: • Are endoscopes hung out in the open versus being hung in a closed cabinet?• Are they unmarked, or are they tagged with the date and time entered into storage?• Are endoscopes touching the floor or the bottom of the storage cabinet, or are the distal tips elevated off the bottom of the cabinet?• Is there HEPA-filtered air flow in the storage cabinet or is the cabinet unvented?• Are all detachable parts such as valves and caps removed from the endoscope to ensure adequate airflow through the channels to facilitate drying?Review the endoscope manufacturer’s instructions regarding storage and consult the recommendations of professional societies’ (such as SGNA and AORN) to help determine if your storage space and set-up are adequate.Improving reprocessing procedures requires close examination of a rather habitual process. Establishing effective monitoring practices, paying attention to the maximum amount of time you allow an endoscope to sit unprocessed, and reviewing your endoscope storage procedures will all contribute to ensuring patient safety.But overall, the reward is worth the scrutiny. Achieving low infection transmission rates year-after-year is a noteworthy accomplishment―an accomplishment of which healthcare professionals can be proud.Mary Ann Drosnock, MS, CIC, CFER, RM (NRCM) is manager of infection control in the Clinical Affairs Department at Olympus America, Inc.This article can be found online at: /articles/2014/08/endoscope-reprocessing-avoiding-complacency.aspx.。
OSTEOMED员工培训资料

开颅手术 • 神经外科医生切开从颅骨进入大脑的屏障颅骨骨瓣 • 颅骨骨瓣被划开然后在外科医生完成手术关键部分时再被重新连接。 • 骨皮瓣然后必须被严格固定好 颅外伤 • 固定穹窿和骨粉碎性骨折 • 高使用率的钛网
颅骨修补发展史
产品介绍
解剖基础
目录
操作技巧
适应症
竞争品牌
产品简介--
神经内固定系统
标准系列
产品简介--
钛网类型
• •
产品简介--
螺钉 1
自攻螺钉- Ø 1.6mm 绿色或原色 长度为4、5、6mm(成人) 特殊型号:211-2004-(CH) 1.6的直径,2.0的螺帽,需配2.0的螺丝刀 安全螺丝 自攻螺钉-Ø 1.2mm 黄色 长度为3、4、5mm(小儿) 由钛合金 (ASTM F-136) 制成 1.5mmx3mm
脑颅结构
• 额骨 位于头顶前部、外表凸凹变化左右对称,原为左右二骨愈合而成 顶骨 位于头顶部,左右各一 枕骨 位于头后下部 颞骨(nie) 颞骨(nie) 位于头部两侧,左右各一
•
•
•
解剖基础-上颌骨 在面部中央,左右各一 ;
面颅结构
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鼻骨 在额骨、颞骨及上颌骨额突的中间、左右各一,呈不正方形、构成 鼻梁硬部 ,下接鼻软骨。鼻骨大者根高,鼻骨小者鼻根低,幼儿年龄渐大,鼻根渐次 增高; 颧骨(quan) 颧骨(quan) 在额骨及上颌骨之间,左右各一,呈不正菱形; 下颌骨 与面骨分离,位于前下方,呈马蹄铁状。中央部分称为下颌体,下颌体的下 缘称为下颌底,两侧向上方突出的部分称为颌枝
双Y板
方板
2孔直板
弯板
产品简介--
1.6MM 系列—绿色
方板
小组时空板
奥林巴斯内窥镜和电子设备退修指南说明书

November 3, 2014RE: Guidelines for Returning Olympus Endoscopes and Electronic Equipment for Repair in the United StatesDear Healthcare Practitioner:The purpose of this letter is to provide guidance to customers on our requirements when sending Olympus endoscopy equipment to Olympus service centers located in the United States for repair. All equipment, including flexible endoscopes, rigid endoscopes, and electronic equipment must be rendered safe to handle prior to being returned to Olympus for repair. To accomplish this, all endoscopes must be cleaned AND high-level disinfected or sterilized prior to shipment to a service center for repair.Olympus Electronic Equipment must be wiped with an appropriate surface disinfectant, such as Sani-Cloth® Plus Germicidal Disposable Cloths manufactured by PDI.In addition, Olympus requires that the cleaning AND high-level disinfection or sterilization process be verified prior to initiation of repair. To expedite repair of your equipment, please contact Olympus at 800-848-9024 to generate a service RMA. Please complete the Reprocessing Verification section on the equipment service request form provided. You may also generate an RMA and complete the Reprocessing Verification on-line at/serviceportal.Please include the equipment service request form or portal confirmation with your equipment. If Olympus equipment is received without a Reprocessing Verification, Olympus will contact the customer to verify proper reprocessing prior to initiating repair. Endoscopes that have not been cleaned AND high-level disinfected or sterilized will be returned to the customer without being repaired.Mandatory Surface Disinfection of Electronic EquipmentPrior to returning Olympus electronic equipment for repair, wipe all surfaces of the electronic equipment (e.g., the video system center or light source) with a disinfectant wipe, such as Sani-Cloth® Plus Germicidal Disposable Cloths manufactured by PDI. Follow the product’s instructions for use regarding how to wipe and the required contact time for the product to be effective. For example, Sani-Cloth® Plus Germicidal Disposable Cloths require a 5-minute contact time.Mandatory Cleaning and Disinfection or Sterilization of Rigid Endoscopes:Prior to sending rigid endoscopes to Olympus for repair, reprocess them according to the product-specific instruction manual and/or Endoscopy System Guide (if applicable), which includes the steps of cleaning, high-level disinfection and/or sterilization.Mandatory Cleaning and Disinfection or Sterilization of Flexible Endoscopes:For flexible endoscopes, refer to the reprocessing manual that accompanies each endoscope for instructions on proper manual cleaning, high level disinfection and/or sterilization, which is required prior to returning the equipment to Olympus for repair.The following information provides guidance on how to reprocess damaged flexible endoscopes to render them safe to handle. Damaged endoscopes that are still watertight should be reprocessed according to instructions provided in the Olympus reprocessing manual. However, if the endoscope has developed a leak, routine reprocessing may lead to further damage. Therefore, Olympus has developed special guidelines for flexible endoscopes that have failed leakage testing.The key to preventing further damage to a leaking endoscope is to provide positive pressure to the endoscope during all phases of the reprocessing cycle by connecting the endoscope to the maintenance unit (Olympus model MU-1) or light source. This will ensure that the endoscope is pressurized throughout the entire reprocessing cycle and will help to prevent fluid from entering the endoscope.A leak in the endoscope will be indicated by a continuous series of bubbles emerging from a location on the endoscope. Before removing the endoscope from the water, identify and make note of the location of the leak. With the maintenance unit or light source still turned on and the leakage tester still connected, remove the endoscope from the water. If the maintenance unit or light source is turned off while the endoscope is immersed, water may invade the internal spaces and further damage the endoscope.Mandatory Manual Cleaning for Leaking Endoscopes1. For a leak detected in the covering of the insertion tube, bending section, or universalcord, turn the maintenance unit OFF. Detach the leakage tester from the maintenance unit or the light source. Wait 30 seconds or until the covering of the bending section contracts to its pre-expansion size. Detach the leakage tester from the endoscope. Thoroughly drythe identified location of the leak on the outer area of the scope using alcohol and a clean lint-free cloth. Carefully apply a piece of electrical tape over the location of the leak prior to immersing the endoscope in detergent solution. Wrapping the tape too tightly mayresult in damage to the endoscope. For leaks detected in other locations (e.g., internalchannel), proceed with the instructions provided below.Note: Please be advised that Olympus recommends use of a colored tape, such as red,yellow, or blue to allow for easier visual identification of a scope in need of repair afterleak testing and cleaning. It is further recommended that customers develop apath/segregation technique for endoscopes requiring repair to minimize the possibility of reuse prior to being returned to Olympus for repair.2. Fill a basin with detergent solution at the temperature and concentration recommendedby the detergent manufacturer. Use a basin that is at least 40 cm by 40 cm (16” by 16”) in size and deep enough to allow the endoscope to be completely immersed.3. Insert the leakage tester connector into the output socket of the maintenance unit or thelight source and turn the maintenance unit or the light source ON. Set the light source’sairflow regulator switch to “HIGH” or “3.”4. Connect the leakage tester’s connector cap to the venting connector of the water-resistant cap. For 190-series endoscopes, the leakage test connects directly to the venting connector.5. Fully immerse the endoscope in the detergent solution.6. Perform manual cleaning according to the instructions provided in the reprocessingmanual. Minimize unnecessary flexion of the insertion tube and universal cord duringcleaning.Mandatory High-Level Disinfection or Sterilization for Leaking Endoscopes1.Sterilization:Following manual cleaning, the preferred method of rendering a leaking endoscope safe to handle is ethylene oxide sterilization. Ethylene oxide sterilization should be performedaccording to the instructions provided in the endoscope’s reprocessing manual. If electrical tape was applied to a leak detected in the endoscope’s external surface, remove the tape and wipe with 70% ethyl or isopropyl alcohol prior to ethylene oxide sterilization.If ethylene oxide sterilization is not possible, perform high-level disinfection or STERRADsterilization according to the instructions provided below.Sterilization in a STERRAD sterilization system is also an acceptable alternative practice provided the endoscope is listed as materially compatible with the STERRAD sterilization system. Those endoscope models which are compatible with STERRAD sterilization may be sterilized using the normally recommended STERRAD model, cycle and conditions (e.g., check booster requirements) as long as the following requirements are met: 1) The endoscope has been properly cleaned and dried, and 2) Fluid has not invaded the endoscope. Retained fluid will cause the STERRAD cycle to abort and may contribute to additional repairs.2.Manual High-Level Disinfection:a.Fill a basin with disinfectant solution at the temperature and concentration recommendedby the disinfectant manufacturer. Use a basin that is at least 40 cm by 40 cm (16” by 16”) in size and deep enough to allow the endoscope to be completely immersed.b.Insert the leakage tester connector into the output socket of the maintenance unit or thelight source and turn the maintenance unit or the light source ON. Set the light source’sairflow regulator switch to “HIGH” or “3.”c.Connect the leakage tester’s connector cap to the venting connector of the water-resistantcap (140/160/180-series) or endoscope directly (190-series).d.Immerse the endoscope in the disinfectant solution.e.Perform the high-level disinfection procedure described in the endoscope’s reprocessingmanual. Minimize unnecessary flexion of the insertion tube and universal cord duringreprocessing.3. Automated High-Level DisinfectionAutomated Endoscope Reprocessors (AERs) circulate high-pressure fluid through the internal channels of the endoscope, which may result in fluid invasion and further damage to aleaking endoscope. As a result, Olympus recommends performing the manual high-level disinfection procedure on leaking endoscopes.However, some AERs are designed to maintain positive pressure to the internal cavities of the endoscope in order to prevent fluid invasion during the reprocessing cycle. Check with your AER manufacturer to determine whether your AER is intended to reprocess leakingendoscopes and whether positive pressure can be maintained during the disinfection cycle without aborting the cycle.If you have any additional questions, please contact your local Olympus sales representative or the Olympus Technical Assistance Center at 1-800-848-9024 (United States). Thank you. Sincerely,Mary Ann Drosnock, MS, CIC, CFER, RM (NRCM)Manager of Infection ControlOlympus America Inc.****************************。
奥林巴斯150胃镜送水送气故障及维修

医疗装备 2013第 7期 73 奥 林 巴 斯 150 胃 镜 送 水 送 气 故 障 及 维 修
石 颖
(徐州 市 沛县人 民医院 设备 科 ,江 苏徐州 221600)
[中图分类号 ]TH776 [文献标识码 ]B [文章编号]1002—2376 (2013)07—0073—01
送 水送 气 故 障主要 有喷 嘴堵 塞 、水气 管堵 塞 和 送 水送 气不 畅 。 1 喷 嘴 、水 气 管堵 塞 1.1 堵 塞原 因
(1) 先端 部 不小 心与 硬物 碰撞 导致 喷 嘴变形 ; (2) 使用 内镜 后 没有立 即清洗 ; (3) 脏物 凝 固在 喷嘴 里和 水气 管道 里 ; (4) 消毒 前没 有用 洗 涤剂 彻底 洗净 内镜 ; (5) 消毒 液使 蛋 白质凝 固阻塞 喷嘴 和水 气管 ; (6) 擦试 镜 面时方 向错 误 ; (7) 棉纱 或纸 碎塞 在喷 嘴里 ; (8) 清洗 消毒 时 ,使用 有 问题 的清洗 附件 ; (9)使 脏物 随 灌洗 送到 内镜 中。 1.2 故 障检 修 当 胃镜 水气 不 通时 ,是 先把 喷 嘴卸下 然后 用 导 丝从 操 作部 那 边 通 水 气 管 。OLYMPUS的 水 管 和气 管 在弯 曲部 位置 上通 过一 个 三通 跟会 合成 一 条管 。 维 修步 骤 : (1) 用 一 号 小 一 字 螺 丝 刀 拧 松 喷 嘴 螺 丝 (40 型 以上 多有 一个 鞘 ),螺 丝不 用松 出来 ; (2) 将 喷嘴取 出 ; (3) 用导 丝 在 操 作 部 或 先 端 部 通 水 气 管 ,然 后加 压按 钮送 水 ,冲洗水 气管 道 ,直 到 出现很 强 的 一 条 水 流 ,且 送 气时 气泡 很大 ,然 后将 水气 管 中剩 余 水 排 出 ; (4) 用 镊 子 夹 镜 头 纸 舔 酒 精 ,清 洁 管 道 口 , 直到 无污 垢 ; (5)再 次试 送 水送 气 ,防止 有 污垢 掉管 道里 ; (6)再 用镊 子 夹镜 头纸 舔酒 精 清洁 管道 口 ; (7)用 镊 子 夹 住 喷 嘴 ,用 小 螺 丝 刀 点 小 许 固 定 黑胶 (KE45B) 涂 于 喷 嘴 的 直 管 部 一 圈 ,小 心 放 进 管 口内 ,用 镊 子 背 面 把 喷 嘴 出 口压 低 至 管 口
奥林巴斯的一系列问与解决方案

奥林巴斯的一系列问与解决方案(1)问题:工作结束之后不能再次开始工作或正常关机。
原因:最常见的原因是打印机处于实时打印状态(Data Log List或Realtime Report状态),打印机可能缺纸、卡纸、被误操作为暂停或关机等。
解决方法:排除打印机故障,点击<仪器状态><(6)DPR 状态>,点击<F4Printer Control>,按Resume继续打印,按Cancel取消打印操作。
(2)问题:是否每天定标就能保证结果稳定?答:不一定,可能您在定标时并不是每天都新溶解定标液,因为定标液复溶后有一些项目不稳定,比如:TBIL、DBIL (见光分解)、GLU(细菌分解)、酶项目(冰冻后复溶降解)。
解决方法:以上项目在定标时一定要新溶解一瓶定标液,至少溶解三十分钟,在一小时内测定完成。
(3)问题:病人输液时加入右旋糖苷影响总蛋白的结果吗?答:影响。
右旋糖苷存在血清中可引起轻度乳糜,双缩脲法测定总蛋白会使右旋糖苷形成沉淀及绿色化合物而导致错误的结果,偏高的结果最多可以达到20克/升。
(4)问题:可以用总蛋白试剂测定尿或脑脊液中的蛋白吗?答:不能。
因为敏感度太低。
应选用OSR6170(尿/脑脊液蛋白试剂盒)。
(5)问题:奥林巴斯水平I和水平II质控血清可以用在干化学的仪器上吗?答:不能。
常规的质控血清在奥林巴斯仪器上测定时被试剂稀释,而干化学的质控系统质控液直接加到干片上。
相对于常规质控,干化学质控中的保护剂、添加剂、稳定剂的浓度相对较高。
实际上,没有任何一种质控同时适用于干化学与湿化学。
(6)问题:可以用CKMB试剂盒测定CKBB吗?答:理论上可以,但提供的标本中必须不含有CKMB,这些可以用电泳法来检查。
(7)问题:OSR6121的葡萄糖试剂可以测定CSF(脑脊液)中的葡萄糖吗?答:可以,因为与尿标本一样,都不含有蛋白质,但是前没有官方报道。
(8)问题:如何防止ALT对LDH的交叉污染?答:在ALT试剂中加入终浓度为5mmol/L的EDTA,可以降低约50%的交叉污染(可降低至14U/L的LDH)。
附录附1——精选推荐

109 附錄1國內罕見疾病類型一覽表本研究將罕見疾病大致分為五類:(一)心智影響類:在心智或情緒上面有障礙,會影響學習的病童。
此類疾病如:普瑞德威利氏症候群、威廉斯氏症、結節性硬化症等。
(二)肢體障礙類:此類學童需要無障礙空間,會有同儕壓力,須他人輔助和政府的補助,如:玻璃娃娃、小小人兒等。
(三)特殊飲食類:此類學童大多因為身體缺乏某種分解食物的酵素,以致食物無法完整分解而使毒素堆積在體內,造成身體的受損。
此類疾病最重要的就是飲食控制,如何攝取足夠的營養供應身體所需而又不造成毒素堆積是他們一生重要的課題。
此類疾病如:苯酮尿症、高血氨症、肝醣儲積症等。
(四)外觀影響類:此類學童在外觀上就很明顯看得出來與其他學童有所不同,常因此遭受排擠或異樣的眼光。
此類疾病如:遺傳性表皮分解性水皰症(泡泡龍)、無汗症、愛伯特氏症等。
(五)其他非屬上述四類。
110 心智影響類類別英文病名病名中文譯名(暫)(俗稱)ICD-9 心智影響類Angelman syndrome Angelman氏症候群(快樂天使)759.89 心智影響類Rett syndrome 瑞特氏症候群330.8 心智影響類Fucosidosis 岩藻糖代謝異常(儲積症)271.8 心智影響類Menkes syndrome Menkes氏症候群759.89 心智影響類Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome Smith-Lemli-Opitz 氏症候群759.89心智影響類WAGR syndrome(Wilms'tumor-Aniridia-GenitourinaryAnomalies-mentalRetardation)威爾姆氏腫瘤、無虹膜、性器異常、智能障礙症候群(WAGR症候群)759.89 心智影響類Wolfram syndrome,DIDMOADWolfram氏症候群277.9 心智影響類Mucolipidosis 黏脂質症272.7 心智影響類Hyperlysinemia 高離氨基酸血症270.7 心智影響類MetachromaticLeukodystrophy(MLD)MLD症候群330心智影響類Carbohydrate-deficiencyglycoprotein syndrome 碳水化合缺乏醣蛋白症候群277.9 心智影響類Miller Dieker syndrome Miller Dieker症候群742.2 心智影響類Pyruvate dehydrogenasedeficiency 丙酮酸鹽脫氫酶缺乏症271.8 心智影響類Cornelia de Lange syndrome Cornelia de Lange氏症候群759.89 心智影響類Kallmann syndrome Kallmann氏症候群253.4 心智影響類Williams Syndrome 威廉斯氏症候群759.89 心智影響類Joubert syndromeJoubert氏症候群(家族性小腦蚓部發育不全)759.89 心智影響類Pelizaeus-MerzbacherDiseasePelizaeus-Merzbacher氏症(慢性兒童型腦硬化症)330心智影響類Conradi-HunermannsyndromeConradi-Hunermann氏症候群759.69 心智影響類/肢體障礙Huntington disease(又稱Huntington's chorea)亨汀頓氏舞蹈症333.4111類別英文病名病名中文譯名(暫)(俗稱)ICD-9心智影響類/肢體障礙類Lesch-Nyhan syndrome Lesch-Nyhan氏症候群277.2 心智影響類/肢體障礙類Sulfite oxidase deficiency 亞硫酸鹽氧化酶缺乏270心智影響/肢體障礙類Adrenoleukodystrophy腎上腺腦白質失養症(羅倫佐的油)272.7心智影響/肢體障礙類Aromatic L-amino aciddecarboxylase deficiency芳香族L-胺基酸類脫羧基酶缺乏症270.2心智影響類/特殊飲食類Prader-Willi syndromePrader-Willi氏症候群(小胖威利)(好吃寶寶)759.81心智影響類/外觀影響類Cockayne syndrome Cockayne氏症候群759.89 心智影響類/外觀影響類Kenny-Caffey syndrome Kenny-Caffey氏症候群759.89 心智影響類/外觀影響類Mucopolysaccharidoses 黏多醣症(黏寶寶)277.5 心智影響類/外觀影響類Tuberous sclerosis 結節性硬化症759.5 心智影響類/外觀影響類Zellweger syndrome Zellweger氏症候群39心智影響類/外觀影響類Kabuki syndrome 歌舞伎症候群759.89心智影響類/外觀影響類Fraser syndrome Fraser氏症候群759.89心智影響類/外觀影響類Meleda disease Meleda島病757.39 心智影響類/其它Keams Sayre syndrome Keams Sayre syndrome氏症候群277.8 心智影響類/其他Leigh disease Leigh氏童年期腦脊髓病變330.8 心智影響類/其他MELAS MELAS症候群758.89 心智影響類/特殊飲食類/肢體障礙類Niemann-Pick diseaseNiemann-Pick氏症,鞘髓磷脂儲積症(尼曼匹克氏症)272.7112 肢體障礙類類別英文病名病名中文譯名(暫)(俗稱)ICD-9 肢體障礙類Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)肌萎縮性側索硬化症(漸凍人)335.20 肢體障礙類Ataxia telangiectasia 共濟失調微血管擴張症候群334.8 肢體障礙類Duchenne musculardystrophy 裘馨氏肌肉失養症359.1 肢體障礙類Spinal muscular atrophy 脊髓性肌肉萎縮症335.1 肢體障礙類Spinocerebellar ataxia脊髓小腦性共濟失調(小腦萎縮症)334.3 肢體障礙類Nemaline Rod Myopathy Nemaline線狀肌肉病變359肢體障礙類Fibrodysplasia OssificansProgressiva進行性骨化性肌炎(珊瑚寶寶)728.11 肢體障礙類Myotonic dystrophy 肌肉強直症359.2 肢體障礙類Osteopetrosis 骨質石化症(大理石寶寶)756.52 肢體障礙類Facioscapulohumeralmuscular dystrophy 面肩胛肱肌失養症359.1 肢體障礙類Holt-Oram Syndrome Holt-Oram氏症候群759.89 肢體障礙類Hereditary spastic paraplegia遺傳性痙攣性下身麻痺334.1 肢體障礙類Charcot Marie Tooth DiseaseCharcot Marie Tooth氏症(進行性神經性腓骨萎縮症)356.1 肢體障礙類Myotubular Myopathy 肌小管病變359肢體障礙類Pantothenate KinaseAssociatedNeurodegeneration (PKAN)泛酸鹽激酶關聯之神經退化性疾病277.9 肢體障礙類Kennedy Disease甘迺迪氏症(脊髓延髓性肌肉萎縮症)335.8 肢體障礙類/心智影響類Huntington disease(又稱Huntington's chorea)亨汀頓氏舞蹈症333.4 肢體障礙類/心智影響類Sulfite oxidase deficiency 亞硫酸鹽氧化酶缺乏270肢體障礙類/心智影響類Adrenoleukodystrophy腎上腺腦白質失養症(羅倫佐的油)272.7 肢體障礙類/心智影響類Aromatic L-amino aciddecarboxylase deficiency芳香族L-胺基酸類脫羧基酶缺乏症270.2113 類別英文病名病名中文譯名(暫)(俗稱)ICD-9肢體障礙類/特殊飲食類Glycogen storage disease 肝醣儲積症271.0肢體障礙類/心智影響類/特殊飲食類Niemann-Pick diseaseNiemann-Pick氏症,鞘髓磷脂儲積症(尼曼匹克氏症)272.7114 特殊飲食類類別英文病名病名中文譯名(俗稱)ICD-9 特殊飲食類Citrullinemia 瓜胺酸血症270.6 特殊飲食類Homocystinuria 高胱胺酸尿症270.4 特殊飲食類Hypermethioninemia 高甲硫胺酸血症270.4 特殊飲食類Cystinosis 胱胺酸症270特殊飲食類Nonketotic hyperglycinemia 非酮性高甘胺酸血症270.7 特殊飲食類Phenylketonuria 苯酮尿症270.1 特殊飲食類Hereditary tyrosinemia 遺傳性高酪胺酸血症270.2 特殊飲食類Maple syrup urine disease 楓糖尿症270.3 特殊飲食類Wilson's disease 威爾森氏症275.1 特殊飲食類lsovaleric acidemia 異戊酸血症270.3 特殊飲食類Glutaric aciduria type I,II 戊二酸血症,第一、二型270.9 特殊飲食類Propionic acidemia 丙酸血症270.3 特殊飲食類Methylmalonic acidemia 甲基丙二酸血症270.3 特殊飲食類3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaricacidemia3-氫基-3-甲基戊二酸血症270.9 特殊飲食類Galactosemia 半乳糖血症271.1 特殊飲食類Nitroacetylglutamatesynthetase deficiency,NAGsynthetase deficiency乙醯榖胺酸合成酶缺乏症270.6 特殊飲食類Omithine transcarbamylasedeficiency鳥胺酸氨甲醯基轉移酶缺乏症42-03 特殊飲食類PAH type PKU combine withSucrase-isomaltase deficiency典型苯酮尿症合併蔗糖酶同麥芽糖酶缺乏症270.6 特殊飲食類Homozygous familialhypercholesterolemia 同合子家族性高膽固醇血症272特殊飲食類Familialhyperchylomicronemia 家族性高乳糜微粒血症272.3 特殊飲食類Histidinemia 組胺酸血症270.5115 類別英文病名病名中文譯名(俗稱)ICD-9特殊飲食類3-Methylcrotonyl-CoAcarboxylase deficiency三甲基巴豆醯輔酶A梭化酵素缺乏症270.9特殊飲食類Medium-chain acyl-coenzymeA dehydrogenase deficiency(MCAD)中鏈脂肪酸去氫酵素缺乏症277.8特殊飲食類Hyperornithinemia-Hyperammonemia-HomocitrullinuriaSyndrome高鳥胺酸血症—高氨血症—高瓜胺酸血症症候群270.6特殊飲食類/心智影響類Prader-Willi syndromePrader-Willi氏症候群(小胖威利)(好吃寶寶)759.81特殊飲食/肢體障礙類Glycogen storage disease 肝醣儲積症271.0特殊飲食/心智影響類/肢體障礙類Niemann-Pick diseaseNiemann-Pick氏症,鞘髓磷脂儲積症(尼曼匹克氏症)272.7116 外觀影響類類別英文病名病名中文譯名(俗稱)ICD-9 外觀影響類Aarskog-Scott syndrome Aarskog-Scott氏症候群759.89 外觀影響類Achondroplasia 軟骨發育不全症(小小人兒)756.4 外觀影響類Hereditary epidermolysisbullosa遺傳性表皮分解性水皰症(泡泡龍)757.39 外觀影響類Hutchinson Gilford progeriasyndrome 早老症259.8 外觀影響類 lchthyosis,lamellar recessive層狀魚鱗癬(自體隱性遺傳型)757.1 外觀影響類Lowe sydrome Lowe氏症候群270.8 外觀影響類Osteogenesis imperfecta 成骨不全症(玻璃娃娃)756.51 外觀影響類Waardenburg syndrome 瓦登伯格氏症候群(藍眼珠)270.2 外觀影響類X-linked hypophosphatemicrickets 性連遺傳型低磷酸鹽佝僂症275.3 外觀影響類Primary Paget disease 原發性變形性骨炎731外觀影響類Apert syndrome 愛伯特氏症755.55 外觀影響類Cleidocranial dysplasia 鎖骨顱骨發育異常755.99 外觀影響類Collodion baby 膠膜兒757.1 外觀影響類Harlequin ichthyosis 斑色魚鱗癬757.1 外觀影響類Bullous Congenitalichthyosiform erythoderma(epidermolytichyperkeratosis)水泡型先天性魚鱗癬樣紅皮症(表皮鬆解性角化過度症)757.1 外觀影響類Laron syndrome(LaronDwarfism)Laron 氏侏儒症候群259.4 外觀影響類Bardet-Biedl syndrome Bardet-Biedl氏症候群759.89 外觀影響類Larsen syndromeLarsen氏症候群(顎裂-先天性脫位症候群)755.8 外觀影響類Alstrom Syndrome Alstrom氏症候群759.2 外觀影響類Ectodermal Dysplasias 外胚層增生不良症(無汗症)757.31 外觀影響類Beckwith WiedemannsyndromeBeckwith Wiedemann氏症候群759.89117類別英文病名病名中文譯名(俗稱)ICD-9外觀影響類Congenital insensitivity topain with anhidrosis(CIPA)先天性痛不敏感症合併無汗症705外觀影響類McCune Albright syndrome McCune Albright氏症候群756.59 外觀影響類Crouzon syndrome Crouzon氏症候群756外觀影響類Schwartz Jampel syndrome Schwartz Jampel氏症候群756.89外觀影響類Split-hand/ Split-footmalformation(SHFM)裂手裂足症Hand:755.58Foot:755.67外觀影響類Campomelic dysplasia withautosomal sex reversal 短指發育不良及性別顛倒758.89外觀影響類Multiple pterygium syndrome 多發性翼狀膜症候群759.89 外觀影響類Neurofibromatosis type II 神經纖維瘤症候群第二型237.72 外觀影響類1α-hydroxylase deficiency 1α-羥化酶缺乏症候群255.2外觀影響類Pseudoachondroplasticdysplasia 假性軟骨發育不全756.4外觀影響類Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome Rubinstein-Taybi氏症候群759.89 外觀影響類Hallerman-Streiff Syndrome海勒曼-史德萊夫氏症候群756外觀影響類Oto-Palato-Digital syndrome 耳-齶-指(趾)症候群759.89 外觀影響類Darier's disease Darier氏病(毛囊角化症)757.39 外觀影響類Dyskeratosis Congenita 先天性角化不全症757.39 外觀影響類Treacher Collins Syndrome Treacher Collins 氏症候群756外觀影響類Robinow Syndrome Robinow氏症候群759.89 外觀影響類Pfeiffer Syndrome Pfeiffer 氏症候群755.55 外觀影響類Nail-Patella Syndrome 指(趾)甲髕骨症候群756.89外觀影響類/心智影響類Cockayne syndrome Cockayne氏症候群759.89 外觀影響類/心智影響類Kenny-Caffey syndrome Kenny-Caffey氏症候群759.89 外觀影響類/心智影響類Mucopolysaccharidoses 黏多醣症(黏寶寶)277.5 外觀影響類/心智影響類Tuberous sclerosis 結節性硬化症759.5118 類別英文病名病名中文譯名(俗稱)ICD-9外觀影響類/心智影響類Zellweger syndrome Zellweger氏症候群277.9 心智影響類/外觀影響類Kabuki syndrome 歌舞伎症候群759.89 心智影響類/外觀影響類Fraser syndrome Fraser氏症候群759.89 心智影響類/外觀影響類Meleda disease Meleda島病757.39其他類別英文病名病名中文譯名(俗稱)ICD-9 其他Tetrahydrobiopterindeficiency 四氫基喋呤缺乏症270.1 其他porphyria 紫質症277.1 其他Multiple sclerosis 多發性硬化症340其他Gaucher's disease 高雪氏症272.7 其他Carnitine deficiencysyndrome, primary 原發性肉鹼缺乏症272.9 其他GM1/GM2 gangliosidosis GM1/GM2神經節脂儲積症330.1 其他Pseudohypoparathyroidism 假性副甲狀腺低能症275.49 其他Thalassemia major 重型海洋性貧血282.4 其他Progressive intrahepaticcholestasis,PFIC進行性家族性肝內膽汁滯留症751.69 其他Inbon errors of bile acidsynthesis 先天性膽酸合成障礙277.9 其他DiGeorge's syndrome DiGeorge's症候群279.11 其他Fabry disease Fabry 氏症272.7 其他Tricho-hepato-entericsyndrome 髮-肝-腸症候群759.7 其他Sialidosis 涎酸酵素缺乏症272.7 其他Chronic primarygranulomatous disease 原發性慢性肉芽腫病288.1附 錄119 類別 英文病名 病名中文譯名(俗稱) ICD-9其他 Persistent hyperinsulinemichypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI ) 持續性幼兒型胰島素過度分泌低血糖症 251.1其他 Thrombasthenia 血小板無力症 287.1 其他 Ehlers Danlos syndrome Ⅳ 先天結締組織異常第四型 756.83 其他 Congenital Hyper IgE syndrome 先天性高免疫球蛋白E 症候群 279.9其他 Multiple carboxylasedeficiency 多發性梭化酶缺乏症 270.9其他 Trimethylaminuria 臭魚症 277.8 其他 Congenital generalizedlipodystrophy 先天性全身脂質營養不良症272.6其他 Idiopathic Infantile ArterialCalcification 特發性嬰兒動脈硬化症 747.89其他 Hyperprolinemia 高脯胺酸血症 270.8 其他 Cystic fibrosis 囊狀纖維化症 277 其他 Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 神經元蠟樣脂褐質儲積症 330.1 其他 Alexander disease Alexander 氏病 331.89 其他 ACTH resistance 腎上腺皮促素抗性 253.4 其他 Stiffperson syndrome 僵體症候群 333.91 其他 Primary PulmonaryHypertension ,PPH 原發性肺動脈高壓 416其他 Bartter's syndrome Bartter 氏症候群 255.1 其他 Short-chain acyl-CoAdehydrogenase deficiency 短鏈脂肪酸去氫酶缺乏症 277.8其他 Homozygous proetin Cdeficiency 同基因合子蛋白質C 缺乏症 273.3其他 α1- Antitrypsin deficiency α1-抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症 277.6 其他 Tyrosine hydroxylasedeficiency 酪胺酸羥化酶缺乏症 270.2其他 Congenital adrenal hypoplasia 先天性腎上腺發育不全 759.1 其他 Bruton's agammaglobulinemia 布魯頓氏低免疫球蛋白血症279.04罕見疾病學童就學需求之研究120 類別英文病名病名中文譯名(俗稱)ICD-9其他Wiskott- Aldrich Syndrome Wiskott- Aldrich氏症候群279.12其他Severe combinedimmunodeficiency 嚴重複合型免疫缺乏症279.2其他Complement Component 8deficiency 補體成分8缺乏症279.8其他IPEX Syndrome IPEX症候群759.89(279.8,569.89,259.8,758.89)其他Congenital Interstitial Cell ofCajal Hyperplasis withNeuronal Intestinal Dysplasia先天性Cajal氏間質細胞增生合併腸道神經元發育異常750.5其他/心智影響類Keams Sayre syndromeKeams Sayre syndrome氏症候群277.8其他/心智影響類Leigh disease Leigh氏童年期腦脊髓病變330.8其他/心智影響類MELAS MELAS症候群758.89。
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2014年度奥林巴斯外科产品NTC培训(故障预防培训)地区级手术室交流平台用户与厂家之间建立沟通提升服务品质---持续改进外科产品NTC培训容一、手术室设备管理经验分享---王护士长二、光学视管+摄像头故障及其预防三、电子腹腔镜故障及其预防三、超声刀及胆道镜等外科软性镜的故障及其预防一、光学视管+摄像头故障及其预防◆光学视管+摄像头成像系统构造外科硬性镜软性镜能量产品电切镜,关节镜胆道镜膀胱镜,输尿管镜电刀超声刀光学视管弯折、凹陷导致柱状透镜碎裂原因:光学视管弯折、凹陷导致柱状透镜碎裂原因:光学视管弯折、凹陷导致柱状透镜碎裂处理方法:如果你鉴定光学视管与以上的现象相同,请更换光学视管。
这些视管不能修复,这种情况的光学视管就不能再使用。
G.光学系统检查光学视管的图像质量是使用几个参数描述:锐利的图像、对比度、色彩、亮度是最重要的。
使用检查卡按照以下要点检查所有的参数。
把检查卡放在距离光学视管先端5cm处,慢慢向前移动至1cm处。
除了一点点变形,图像在任何时候都是那么鲜明。
万一你找不到一个可接受的图像,那么使用检查工具对光学视管进行全面检查。
这会让你检查光学视管里面每一个透镜,如果有损坏,马上就能发现。
没有专用工具对其进行检查,怎么办??1.将放大镜与光学视管同轴,置于目镜的后端2.保持两者轴向,缓慢地向后移动放大镜,对每个透镜进行观察5目镜检查粗鲁操作会导致目镜的边缘碎裂。
除此之外,使用消毒液也会加速目镜材料的老化。
这种情况有明显的现象:目镜会变灰甚至发白。
损坏了目镜杯的光学视管可能会导致摄像头聚焦不准确。
对目镜杯进行目测检查,特别是使用放大镜检查目镜的透镜。
看是否有碎片、消毒液的结晶物、体液残留在目镜的表面。
理方法:对于大部分的光学视管,目镜杯是可以马上更换。
除了4mm前列腺镜和3mm的宫腔镜的光学视管导光束的检查A.导光束主要是有两个光学部分。
B.为了避免错误的判断,在检查光学视管之前必须使用70%的酒精将所有的光学部分透镜表面清洁干净C.为了避免错误的判断,在检查光学视管之前必须使用70%的酒精将所有的光学部分透镜表面清洁干净为了避免错误的判断,在检查光学视管之前必须使用70%的酒精将所有的光学部分透镜表面清洁干净导光纤维表面不平整原因一:导光纤维便面不平整说明了这条光学视管重复地进行超声清洗或者使用锋利的清洗工具对光学视管进行修理。
虽然导光束的表面是没有玻璃透镜的:导光纤维是使用粘合剂粘在一起进行抛光的。
超声清洗能够破坏纤维粘合剂,最终导致漏水和烧毁导光束。
这个故障的早期表现是会看到不平坦的表面和乳白色的纤维。
你也可以看到纤维之间黑色的残余物。
原因二:导光纤维便面不平整说明了使用时可能在透镜表面残留水分。
导光纤维是使用粘合剂粘在一起进行抛光的。
残留的水分被加热后可以将粘合剂溶解,导致玻璃纤维之间失去支撑,使导光纤维容易折断,导致导光纤维表面不平;而连接光源的一段同样也会因为残留水分产生的凸镜效应,将导光束烧毁这个故障的早期表现是会看到不平坦的表面和乳白色的纤维。
你也可以看到导光束折断原因:导光束与锐利的器械一起进行清洗,刺穿外皮导致导光束漏水,使导光束变硬且容易折断处理方法:导光束不可能修复或维修,必须更换新品护套部故障及预防手术中,握住摄像头电缆线的护套而进行内窥镜操作。
请勿用力紧握内窥镜电缆的护套部进行内窥镜操作。
清洗时用纱布用力擦拭摄像头电缆线。
请勿用力擦拭摄像头电缆线。
护套部故障及预防电子连接部与电子系统连接时,电子连接部的护套部碰到人或床。
将电子连接部与电子系统连接,移动台车。
注意避免碰伤。
一、电子腹腔镜故障及其预防二、光学视管+摄像头故障及其预防术前准备避免与其它器械一起堆放请分开摆放术前准备避免软管打结、扭曲避免软管压曲、弯折术中持镜避免软管压曲、弯折避免先端部磕碰避免软管挤压术后整理避免堆放避免软管扭曲请按顺序装入器械盒超声刀原理外科产品NTC培训内容一、手术室设备管理经验分享---王护士长三、电子腹腔镜故障及其预防四、超声刀及胆道镜等外科软性镜的故障及其预防二、光学视管+摄像头故障及其预防SonoSurg的工作机理:✓超声刀使用篇正確位置二.刀头断裂主要原因:碰到其他硬物上,例如钳子,器械,钛夹,骨骼等。
超声刀输出时尖端上施加的压力近200KG ! 三.特氟龙抓取面磨损主要原因:空发或刀杆安装不到位空发:没有抓取组织而闭合刀头时,启动了超声或高频输出。
在组织已被切割或凝固后,仍然继续输出 四.绝缘层起皱或脱落 主要原因:使用了开口处带锐边的套管,绝缘层被锐边划伤。
在非说明书规定的条件下反复进行清洗和灭菌。
五.抓取部变形 主要原因:在存放、运输、清洗消毒过程中收到意外的挤压,碰撞,跌落造成抓取部的损坏。
六.换能器水渍如果有水进入插头和插座,用干纱布除去任何水滴。
如果出现异 物,用已灭菌的清洗刷进行清洗。
胆道镜使用保养方案一、纤维胆道和电子胆道镜镜结构说明✓超声刀故障篇 这是为什么呢?一.超声刀报警:负载量指示灯数目增加+超声输出声音尖锐可能的原因有:1.刀头抓取组织过多,阻力过大2.刀头和换能器没有安装到位3.刀杆变形4.刀头与刀杆不匹配5.刀头粘附组织或血块过多解决参考:a.抓取适量组织b.重新安装刀头与换能器c.停止试用,更换刀头组件d.更换匹配的刀头与刀杆e.清理粘附的脏物小技巧:报警时,张开超声刀头抓取部空发,观察输出负载指示灯情况,若只有3-5格则可能是抓取用力过大所致,可以继续使 用;若依旧接近满格输出,则超声刀杆可能有问题,停止使用, 更换刀头。
二、胆道镜清洗消毒和灭菌方法三、胆道镜 故障预防、使用中注意事项 一、纤维胆道镜的结构说明 纤维胆道镜结构一、电子胆道镜镜的结构说明 电子胆胆道镜结构•纤维胆道镜结构纤维胆道镜 通过导像束传导图像1、纤维胆道镜一、胆道镜的结构说明二、胆道镜清洗消毒和灭菌方法三、胆道镜 故障预防、使用中注意事项正确拿胆道镜的手法 1) 胆道纤维镜拿法 2)电子胆道镜拿法导光束角度钢丝导像束纤维胆道镜镜的插入部组件钳子管道4、 电子胆道镜的插入部组件钳子管道CCD 电缆线电胆道镜的插入部组件导光束角度钢丝胆道镜CDS流程一、软性镜的结构说明正确拿胆道镜的手法•1)胆道纤维镜拿法胆道镜CDS流程漏水测试—简易测漏器漏水测试—简易测漏器 减压杠杆关闭 指针指导绿色区域指针固定在绿色区域,OK !打一下弯曲角度胆道镜的手工清洗---四槽法---洗涤液清洗中不能安装ETO帽,不能超声清洗,纤维镜在溶液中胆道镜的手工清洗---四槽法---清水胆道镜的手工清洗---四槽法---洗涤液胆道镜的消毒液浸洗---四槽法---消毒液消毒液---不要使用强酸强碱的消毒液胆道镜的消毒液浸洗---四槽法---无菌水胆道镜的灭菌1,戊二醛进行浸泡灭菌(禁止安装ETO帽)。
2,环氧乙烷熏蒸灭菌(必须安装ETO帽)。
3,低温等离子,CHF-P60可以使用指定的设备,例如:CHF-P60建议使用STERRED50/100S 系列,此产品公司做过测试,如有其它品牌的设备,可咨询该产品的技术人员。
(使用时安装ETO帽)4,奥林巴斯发布的ETD 系统的一些清洗/消毒机兼容。
对于现在市场上常见的CHF-P60 ,灭菌见后边的附表胆道镜的灭菌三、胆道镜故障预防、使用中注意事项1,腹腔镜手术中注意事项1)胆道镜在腹腔镜中必须使用胆道镜抓取钳,必须配备胆道镜抓取钳A650702)胆道镜在腹腔镜使用中进出戳卡,注意不要打弯。
3)使用中护套部轻度弯折胆道镜在腔镜下使用的特殊器械1),胆道镜抓钳A650702),腔镜下使用塑料套管(唐都医院在使用)2,胆道镜在开腹手术中注意事项2,胆道镜在开腹手术中注意事项•1)胆道镜插入部送镜手法2)胆道镜插入是错误的方法•造成的结果3)使用中不能过度的折、压•和锋利的器械接触3)使用中不能过度的折、压和锋利的器械接触3,清洗保养中注意事项1,清洗槽中不能把圈盘的太小2)软管不能和活检钳以及锋利的金属接触,请不要把镜重叠摆放3)正确使用ETO冒(前边讲过)错误会导致以下问题3,清洗保养中注意事项4)清洗中放置镜注意事项,是否平时考虑注意这些部位。
4,胆道镜存储保养注意事项1)专业的储镜柜存放。
储镜柜中消毒设施只能给柜子消毒,不能给镜消毒!镜不能有紫外线照射!2)镜箱只是镜运输时使用,不能进行镜长期保管。
3)胆道镜放置镜柜时,必须干燥镜。
4)运输镜时要用专业的镜推车、奥林巴斯专用灭菌盘(WA05991A)。
公司行为1)对使用胆道镜的客户定期回访,市3月一次,市外3月一次回访。
2)对于使用频率较高的客户,三月一次A橡皮的跟换,其他客户要求半年必须跟换一次A 橡皮。
3)地区一年一次针对胆道镜的NTC4)制作提示标牌,制作正确的操作步骤5)定期跟踪:供应室、CDS、医生手术中注意点6)培训(医院、推广、经销商)7)每家使用奥林巴斯胆道镜的客户,制定对应的工程师进行服务医院行为1)确定胆道镜专门负责人(与科室领导),指定两人负责,一人为主,一人替补2)建全医院设备:胆道镜运输中要用专用的镜推车(肯格王、老肯等都有),消毒时要用OLYMPUS专用灭菌盘(WA05991A)。
存储镜时要用储镜柜。
胆道镜配置单中必配的设备是否都有?3)明确职责:a、接受培训,公司的对应窗口。
b、亲自清洗、维护保养,监督灭菌过程。
c、检查镜子状态,定期检查易折部位等。
d、发现问题及时与工程师联系。