Unit 5 The Villain in the Atmosphere
大学英语知识点总结
Unit 1 The Dinner Party1. shortly before WW1 一战前不久2. track down 追溯，追查3. be seated 就座4. spring up 突然出现，开始5. outgrow the jumping-on-a-chair-at the sight of a mouse era 不再像过去那样见到老鼠就跳到椅子上6. That last ounce of self-control is what really counts.这多出来的一点自制力才是真正起作用的。
7. motion to sb 向某人示意signal to sb 8. whisper sth to sb 向某人嘀咕，耳语9. the America comes to with a start. 这个美国博物学家突然醒悟了.Startle-----startle10. bait for a snake 蛇的诱饵11. an empty room 一个空房子a bare marble floor 没铺地毯的大理石地板barely any hair====hardly/scarcely any hair 12. serve the next course 上下一道菜a course of dish 一道菜13. frighten sb into doing sth 吓得某人去做…persuade sb into doing sthtalk sb into doing sth threaten sb into doing sth14. out of the corner of his eyes 从他的眼角里15. Stare straight ahead 盯着往前看16. Not move a muscle 纹丝不动17. Make for 前往 out19. Slam the door shut20. Exclaim21. at the sight of 一看见at the thought of 一想起22. a heated/spirited discussion 一场激烈的争论22. an example of perfect self-control 一个镇定自若的典范23. A faint smile lig hts up the hostess’s spots of color brightened her strange expression came over her face.24. a colonial official 一个殖民地官员25. give a large dinner party 办一个盛大的晚宴26. a visiting American naturalist 美国访问博物学家27. a spacious dining room 宽敞的餐厅28. the major 少校 the colonel29. feel like doing sth 想要/喜欢做某事30. commotion 混乱，骚动31. The tone of his voice is so commanding that it silences everyone. 他的语调很威严，让每个人都静下来不出声.32. count three hundred 数三百下count up to three hundred 数到第三百下33. sit like stone images 像石雕一样坐着Sit rootedUnit 2 Lessons from Jeffersonbe of interest/important 很有趣/很重要obtain knowledge from many sources从许多源头获取知识personal investigation 个人调查appoint him to a committee 派他去一个委员会study papers on the subject 研究该课题的文件make on-the-spot observations 做现场观察By birth and by education Jefferson belonged to the highest social class.无论是论出身还是论教育，杰弗逊都属于最高的社会阶层.noble persons 贵族persons of noble origins 出身高贵的人persons of humble origins 出身卑微的人go out of one’s way to do sth 特意/专门去做某事a cooking pot 做饭的锅If you will only do this, you may find out why people are dissatisfied. 如果也只有你愿意这样做，你才可能发现为什么人民不满意.Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it.上帝赋予你一个判断正确和错误的头脑，就运用它吧.form a correct judgment 形成正确的判断not hesitate a moment to do sth 毫不犹豫地去做某事the former and the latter 前者和后者In a free country, there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source of strength.在一个自由的国度，总会有冲突的意见，而这正是力量的源泉.It is conflict and not unquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive.让自由保持活力的是冲突而不是绝对的一致.There are two sides to every question. If you take one side with effect, those who take the other side will of course resent your actions.每个问题都有两面.如果你有力地站在一方，那么另一方的人必定会憎恨你的行动.be chained to customs 受习俗的禁锢lose its usefulness 失去它的效用No society can make a perpetual constitution, or even a perpetual law. 任何一个社会都不能制定出永久的宪法或永久的法律.He didn’t fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future.他不惧怕新观点，也不惧怕未来.I steer my ship with hope, leaving fear behind.我满怀希望驾驶着帆船，把恐惧抛在身后.be based on knowledge 以知识为基石men of his age===peer 同龄人practice crop rotation and soil conservation 施行作物轮作和土壤保持standard practice 标准的做法be superior to any other in existence 比现存的任何做法都优越be inferior to 不如…Of all Jefferson’s many talents, one is central.在杰弗逊的诸多才能中，其中一个是重要的.He was above all a good and tireless writer.首先，他是个优秀的不知疲倦的作家.Ageless-----parentless-----timeless31. complete works 全集32. when the time came to do sth当该做…的时候33. the task of writing it was his. 撰写的任务都落在他的肩头了.34. We hold those truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.]我们坚信这些不言而喻的事实：人人生而平等.Every is born equal.35. He left his countrymen a rich legacy of ideas and examples.他给他的同胞留下一笔丰富的思想遗产和范例.36. owe a great debt to 归功于…. ====Be indebted to37. Only a nation of educated people could remain free. 只有一个由受教育的人民组成的国度才能保持自由.Unit 3 My First Jobapply for a teaching job 申请一份教学工作go from bad to worse 每况愈下enter university 进入大学in a suburb of London 在伦敦的郊区be very short of money 手头很紧Without a degree and with no experience in teaching, my chances of getting this job were slim. 一无学历，二无教学经历，我得到可能性是微乎其微.Chances of doing are/were……做某事的机会是……It proved an awkward journey. 这一路原来真是麻烦。
unit 5 the villain in the atmosphere
• I’ll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week.
• 我永远不理解你是怎么会一周迟到三次。
• When I woke up, I didn’t know what had come about.
• Find alternative means of transport
• Have you got an alternative suggestion? • This kind of newspaper is alternative press.
• 这种报纸是非正统性报业。
• compete v.竞争，对抗
Unit 5
The Villain In the Atmosphere
by Isaac Asimov
• The villain in the atmosphere→co2 • Why co2 is called the villain in the atmosphere? • Please look at the following pictures and try to find the answer.
4. A celebration is held for the boy at the age when he is considered to have reached . manhood
• collapse v.n 倒塌，垮掉，塌下，坍塌下来 • The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.
• One of the alternatives open to you is to resign.
大学英语精读第二册 Unit 5 The Villain in the Atmosphere
There is one gas present in the air we breathe that is essential to life.Unfortunately,one can have too much of a good thing and the growth in carbon dioxide threatens to warm up our planet to a dangerous extent.Isaac Asimov introduces us to this villain in the atmosphere,explaining how it works and what can be done about it.UNIT 5 The Villain in the AtmosphereThe villain in the atmosphere is carbon dioxide.It does not seem to be a villain. It is not very poisonous and it is present in the atmosphere in so small a quantity — only 0.034 percent — that it does us no harm.What’s more, that small quantity of carbon dioxide in the air is essential to life. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and convert it into their own tissue, which serve as the basic food supply for all of animal life (including human beings, of course). In the process they liberate oxygen, which is also necessary for all animal life.But here is what this apparently harmless and certainly essential gas is doing to us:The sea level is rising very slowly from year to year. In all likelihood, it will continue to rise and do so at a greater rate in the course of the next hundred years. Where there are low-lying coastal areas (where a large fraction of the world’s population lives) the water will advance steadily, forcing people to retreat inland.Eventually the sea will reach two hundred feet above its present level, and will be splashing against the windows along the twentieth floors of Manhattan’s skyscrapers. Florida will disappear beneath the waves, as will much of the British Isles, the crowded Nile valley, and the low-lying areas of China, India, and Russia.Not only will many cities be drowned, but much of the most productive farming areas of the world will be lost. As the food supply drops,starvation will be widespread and the structure of society may collapse under the pressure.And all because of carbon dioxide. But how does that come about? What is the connection?It begins with sunlight, to which the various gases of the atmosphere (including carbon dioxide) are transparent. Sunlight, striking the top of the atmosphere, travels right through miles of it to warm the Earth’s surface. At night, the Earth cools by radiating heat into space in the form of infrared radiation.However, the atmosphere is not quite as transparent to infrared radiation as it is to visible light. Carbon dioxide in particular tends to block such radiation. Less heat is lost at night, for that reason, than would be lost if carbon dioxide were not present in the atmosphere. Without the small quantity of that gas present, the Earth would be distinctly cooler, perhaps uncomfortably cool.We can be thankful that carbon dioxide is keeping us comfortably warm, but the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is going up steadily and that is where the villainy comes in. In 1958, carbon dioxide made up only 0.0316 percent of the atmosphere. Each year since, the concentration has crept upward and it now stands at 0.0340 percent. It is estimated that by 2020 the concentration will be nearly twice what it is now.This means that in the coming decades, Earth’s average temperature will go up slightly. As a result, the polar ice caps will begin to melt.Something like 90 percent of the ice in the world is to be found in the huge Antarctica ice cap, and another 8 percent is in the Greenland ice cap. If these ice caps begin to melt, the sea level will rise, with the result that I have already described.But why is the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere steadily rising?To blame are two factors. First of all, in the last few centuries, first coal, then oil and natural gas, have been burned for energy at a rapidly increasing rate. The carbon contained in these fuels, which has been safely buried underground for many millions of years, is now being burned to carbon dioxide and poured into the atmosphere at a rate of many tons per day.To make matters worse, Earth’s forests have been disappearing, slowly at first, but in the last couple of centuries quite rapidly. Right now it is disappearing at the rate of sixty-four acres per minute.Whatever replaces the forest — grassland or farms or scrub — produces plants that do not consume carbon dioxide at an equal rate. Thus, not only is more carbon dioxide being added to the atmosphere through burning of fuel, but as the forests disappear, less carbon dioxide is being removed from the atmosphere by plants.But this gives us a new perspective on the matter. The carbon dioxide is not rising by itself. It is people who are burning the coal, oil, and gas. It is people who are cutting down the forests. It is people, then, who are the villains.What is to be done?First, we must save our forests, and even replant them.Second, we must have new sources of fuel that do not involve the production of carbon dioxide. Nuclear power is one of them, but if that is thought too dangerous, there are other alternatives. There is the energy of waves, tides, wind, and the Earth’s interior heat. Most of all, there is the direct use of solar energy.All of this will take time, work, and money, to be true, but nations spend more time, work, and money in order to support competing military machines that can only destroy us all. Should we object to spending less time, work, and money in order to save us all?。
新视野大学英语Book2.unit5
UNIT5 The villain in the atmosphere1.Why is the world getting hotter?global warming, greenhouse effect2. What is the greenhouse effect?the sun, radiation, warm the planet, natural source of heat, absorb, get trapped to the layer, escape, extra bit hotter, over and over again3. Which gas is the most in the atmosphere?carbon dioxide, 50%4. Where CO2 comes from?everyday lives，domesticating, power station, industry, transport5. How could we reduce these gases? But what do people do then?planting more trees, just do the opposite, cut them down, more polluting factories and roads 6. What can we do as individuals to help the effort to stop global warming.With increased economic activity all over the world, people burn more and more coal, oil and gas every day, pouring an ever rising amount of carbon dioxide into the air. At the same time, due to the increase of population, more and more forests, which could absorb carbon dioxide, are turned into farming land, thus aggravating the greenhouse effect and causing the whole Earth to grow warmer and warmer.T o stop this warming trend, every country must first try to find alternative energy sources, such as solar and atomic power, and reduce the consumption of fossil fuels. Then effective measures must be taken to protect whatever trees are left uncut in the world. Furthermore, new trees should be planted every year so that forests will cover more and more areas of our globe.As individuals, we can also contribute to the effort to stop global warming. In our homes, we can use energy efficient appliances, or use solar or wind power, which don’t emit carbon dioxide. While going out, we can use public transportation instead of driving a private car. We can even walk or bike to school or work. If we must drive, we can use a car that gets high mileage, or join a car pool when possible. With the joint effort of every country and every individual, we may hope to restore the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to its previous levels and prevent the disasters that threaten as a result of global weathe r changeParaphrase:1. It is not very poisonous and it is present in the atmosphere in so small a quantity —only 0.034 percent —that it does us no harm.-------它毒性不大，在大气层中的含量极小——只占0.034％——不会对我们造成任何伤害。
英语精读学习
Text interpretation
7. Sunlight, striking the top of the atmosphere… 8. …the Earth cools by radiating heat into space in the form of infrared radiation. 9. …the atmosphere is not quite as transparent to infrared radiation as it is to visible light. 10. Carbon dioxide in particular tends to block such radiation. 11. Less heat is lost…than would be lost if carbon dioxide were not present in the atmosphere. 12. Without the small quantity of that gas present, the Earth would be distinctly cooler…
From the … of Alternative energy
Text interpretation
Warm-up questions
1. Have you ever noticed any weather changes where you live? 2. Do you have any idea of the greenhouse effect? What is the cause? What is the effect? What is a way out? 3. Background Information外教社课件
Unit 5 The Villain in the Atmosphere
collapse
1) vi. fall down suddenly because of pressure or lack of strength or support The bridge collapsed under the weight of the train. 在火车的重压下，桥塌了。
这只盒子有个透明的盖子。
radiation: n.
(the sending out of) heat, energy, etc in the form of rays
This apparatus produces harmful radiations.
这个仪器里辐射出有害的物质 emit radiation produce radiation expose sth. to radiation 释放辐射线、 产生辐射 使…暴露于辐射中
apparently: adv.
it seems (that); as it appears
Apparently, you have done a lot of work.
很明显你们已经做了很多工作。 apparent: adj. 显然的, 外观上的
apparent, clear & obvious
widespread: adj
found, placed, etc., in many places
The campaign has received widespread support.
竞选运动得到了广泛的支持。
structure: n
the way in which parts are formed into a whole
安阳师范学院《大学英语》2013-2014学年第二学期期末试卷B卷
每 题 分，共 分 安阳师范学院《大学英语》2013-2014 学年度第 2 学期期末考试试卷B（2013 级本科音体美专业 校本部）Ⅰ(每题 1 分，共 10 分)Direction: Match the words or phrases in Column B with the words in Column A.Ⅱ(每题 1 分，共 10 分)Direction: Put the following English phrases into Chinese ones. 11. track down 13. serve as 15. attach importance to 17. greenhouse effectⅢ12. above all14. in existence 16. in turn 18. judging by1 10 ) Directions: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences. 21. You’d better not count on his help. He is always making promises. A. bare B. empty C. bear D. bared 22. What other things were invented in ancient China the compass? A. except B. expect C. beside D. besides 23. Her hands fish. A. smelled B. is smelling C. smelled of D. could smell 24. His recovery delighted every one of us. A. surprising B. surprised C. surprisingly D. being surprised 25. It was in 1492 that Columbus America. A. invents B. invented C. discovers D. discovered 26. The children burst into tears. A. frightening B. frightened C. frighteningly D. being frightened27. It is no use thinking too much about one’s youth. A. losing B. lost C. being lost D. being losing 28. The manager said that the program was impractical and had chance of success. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 29. The two brothers are only in appearance. A. alike B. awake C. alone D. astir 30. A sure way to your muscle is to practice weight lifting.： 2 10 )Ⅳ(每题 分，共分D. strengthenDirection: Text Comprehension make a true or falseresponse to each of the following statements from the texts studied. If a statement is true, please choose A ; if a statement is false, please choose B.( ) 31. From the last sentence of the story, we can know that the hostess is calmer than the American.(From The Dinner Party )( ) 32. Abraham Lincoln wrote the Declaration of Independence. (From Lessons from Jefferson ) ( ) 33. The young man didn’t accept the job at the school at last. (From My First Job ) ( ) 34. Einstein was not purely and exclusively a theorist.(From The Professor and the Yo-Yo )( ) 35. Human being is the real villain for the greenhouse effect.(From The Villain in the Atmosphere)Ⅴ(每题 2 分，共 20 分)Direction: Reading Comprehension: choose the best answer to each question.Passage OneAn important question about eating out is who pays for the meal. If a friend of yours asks you to have lunch with him, you may say something like this, “I am afraid it’ll have to be someplace cheap, as I have little money.” The other person may say, “Ok, I’ll meet you at McDonald’s.” This means the two agree to go Dutch, that is, each person pays for himself. He may also say, “Oh, no. I want too take you to lunch at Smith’s, or “I want you to try the Chinese dumplings there.” This means the person ants to pay for both of you. If you feel friendly with this person, you can go and you needn’t pay for the meal.American customs about who pays for the meals are much the same as in other parts of the world. Today, a university girl or a woman in business world will usually pay her way during the day. 36. The passage tells us . A. how to eat out B. where to eat out C. what to eat out D. who pays for the meal 37. If you have little money, . A. you’ll have a cheap mealB. you’ll borrow money form othersC. you’ll ask your friend to pay for the mealD. you won’t want your friends to ask you to dinner 38. “Go Dutch” in this p assage means . A. go to restaurant B. have a meal C. order the meal D. pay separately 39. Sometimes your friend takes you to lunch. It means . A. he is going to lend you some money B. he is going to pay for your meal, too C. he will be angry with you D. he can’t understand you40. In America, some girls and women now. A. ask men to pay for their meals B. try to pay for the men’s meals C. try to pay for their own meals D. never have anything outsidePassage TwoNorman Cousins was a businessman and from America who often traveled around the world on business. He enjoyed his work and traveling. But now, Mr. Cousins got sick. Because he had pushed his body to the limit of its strength on the trip, a chemical change began to take place inside him. The material between his bones became weak. In less than a week after his return, he could not stand. Every move that he made was painful. He was not able to sleep at night.44. How does Mr. Cousins recuperate to health (恢复健康 47. 亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好。
大学英语精读第三册unit 5
estimate v.估计; 评价, 评估/ n. The gardener estimated that it would take him four hours to weed the garden. I don't know her well enough to form an estimate of her abilities.
competition n.比赛 , 竞争 There will be a chess competition next week.
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 20-30 minutes to write a composition on the topic On a Harmonious Dormitory Life. You should write 100120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 宿舍生活有时会出现不和谐的情况; 2. 一个和谐宿舍生活的必要性; 3. 如何创造和谐的宿舍生活。
The greenhouse effect is important. Without the greenhouse effect, the Earth would not be warm enough for humans to live. But if the greenhouse effect becomes stronger, it could make the Earth warmer than usual. Even a little extra warming may cause problems for humans, plants, and animals.
unit_5_The_Villain_in_the_Atmosphere
Have you ever seen a greenhouse? Most greenhouses look like a small glass house. Greenhouses are used to grow plants, especially in the winter. Greenhouses work by trapping heat from the sun. The glass panels of the greenhouse let in light but keep heat from escaping.
So in order to stop the global warming, we should take measures to reduce these greenhouse gases, especially CO2, such as: -- planting more trees to absorb the carbon dioxide -- reducing the number of polluting factories and roads -- using new and renewable sources of energy not involving the production of greenhouse gases etc.
3. Do you have any idea of the greenhouse effect? How does it affect the temperature on Earth? What is a way out? The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature that the Earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere (water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane, for example) trap energy from the sun.
Unit 5 The villain
V. Language points
• 1. poisonous
• The burning of the oil gives off poisonous gas.
2.essential
• • • • • Money is not essential to happiness. Its synonym? vital bare essentials n. 最基本的用品
Others?
industrial pollution PM
snowy rainy
overcast haze
Difference between Haze and Fog?
• Relative Humidity visibility • fog >90% <1 km • haze <80% 1km~10km
Discussion
• Due to the cold snap, people suggest that some areas in the southern part of the country - such as Shanghai – should turn on their public heating systems. • On the other hand, some people argue that the burning of the coal would lead to more serious environmental problems. • What’s your opinion?
3. absorb
• absorb sunlight • I am absorbed in watching thrillers.
4.convert
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Unit 5 The Villain in the AtmosphereⅠ. Background Information1. GlaciersGlacier, an enduring accumulation of ice, snow, water, rock, and sediment （沉淀物）that moves under the influence of gravity. Glaciers form where the temperature is low enough to allow falling snow to accumulate and slowly transform into ice. This accumulation is most common in the polar regions, but can also occur at high altitudes on mountains even near the equator. Glaciers are complex systems that grow and shrink in response to climate. At the present, glacier ice covers about 15 million sq km (5.8 million sq mi), or 10 percent, of Earth’s land area.2. Polar Ice CapA polar ice cap is a high-latitude region, centered in the polar region, which is covered in ice.3. GreenlandGreenland, island which is an internally self-governing part of Denmark, situated between the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans. Greenland lies mostly north of the Arctic Circle and is separated from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, on the west, primarily by Davis Strait and Baffin Bay, and from Iceland, on the east, by the Denmark Strait. The largest island in the world, Greenland has a maximum extent, the total area of Greenland is 2,170,000 sq km (836,330 sq mi), of which 1,834,000 sq km (708,000 sq mi) is ice cap.4. Global WarmingGlobal warming refers to an average increase in the Earth's temperature, which in turn causes changes in climate. A warmer Earth may lead to changes in rainfall patterns, a rise in sea level, and a wide range of impacts on plants, wildlife, and humans. When scientists talk about the issue of climate change, their concern is about global warming caused by human activities.5. ManhattanManhattan is one of the five boroughs that comprise the City of New York. It is by far the most densely populated county in the United States and famous for its soaring skyscrapers，including the United Nation Headquarter, Empire State Building, Greenwich village, Chinatown, Broadway, Times Square, etc.6. Isaac AsimovIsaac Asimov was born on 2 January 1920 in the former Soviet Union, but grew up in Brooklyn, New York. He taught biochemistry at Boston University until he retired in 1958 to become afull-time writer. Asimov had been publishing short stories since the late 1930s, and in 1952 published his first novel. The author of the classic Ⅰ, Robot series and The Foundation Trilogy, Asimov wrote more than 400 books and won every major science fiction award. He also wrote popular books and essays on science and technology, earning him the nickname "The Great Explainer." Isaac Asimov died of “heart and kidney failure, which were complications of the HIV infection” on 6 April 1992. HIV was not revealed as the cause of his death until 2002, when his widow Janet published the memoirs It's Been a Good Life.Ⅱ. Warm-up Questions1.What’s the weather like in your hometown? Do you like it? Why or why not?2.Have you ever noticed any changes in your hometown or in the city you’re now living in? What are they?3.Do you have any idea of the greenhouse effect? How does it affect the temperature on Earth? Ⅲ. New Words and expressions1.essential: adj. absolutely necessary; vitally necessary [(+to/for)]; basic and fundamentalHard work is essential to success.成功必须努力工作。
There is no essential difference between the two drafts.两份草稿没有本质上的不同。
2.convert: v. change the nature, purpose, or function of something [(+to/into)]They converted the garage into a theater.他们将车库改成戏院。
3. liberate:v. give equal rights to; of women and minorities解放,使获自由[(+from)]Liberate all the prisoners.把囚犯全部放走。
Allied armies liberated France from the Nazis.盟军把法国从纳粹手里解放了出来。
4.apparently: adv. from appearances aloneHe was apparently surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。
Apparently she did not succeed.看样子她没有成功。
5.fraction: n. a small part or item forming a piece of a wholeHe has done only a fraction of his homework.他只做了家庭作业的一小部分。
The story does not contain a fraction of truth.这故事没有一点真实性。
6.steadily: adv. at a steady rate or paceUnemployment has risen steadily.失业者不断增加。
7. splash: vi. cause (a liquid) to spatter about, especially with force; walk through mud or mire She accidentally splashed ink on my sleeve.她不小心把墨水溅在我衣袖上。
8. beneath: prep. in or to a place that is lowerThe sun is now beneath the horizon.太阳此刻落到地平线下了。
9. starve: v. be hungry; go without foodThe explorers starved to death in the desert.探险者们在沙漠中饿死了。
Let's get something to eat; I'm starving.我们吃点东西吧;我饿坏了。