英语四级作文词汇
英语四级翻译作文词汇
英语四级翻译作文词汇英语四级翻译作文词汇词汇量的积累，是保证英语成绩的前提，下面给大家整理了英语四级翻译作文词汇，一起来看看吧！英语四级翻译作文词汇1. alter v. 改变，改动，变更2. burst vi. n. 突然发生，爆裂3. dispose vi. 除掉;处置;解决;处理(of)4. blast n. 爆炸;气流 vi. 炸，炸掉5. consume v. 消耗，耗尽6. split v. 劈开;割裂;分裂 a.裂开的7. spit v. 吐(唾液等);唾弃8. spill v. 溢出，溅出，倒出9. slip v. 滑动，滑落;忽略10. slide v. 滑动，滑落 n. 滑动;滑面;幻灯片11. bacteria n. 细菌12. breed n. 种，品种 v. 繁殖，产仔13. budget n. 预算 v. 编预算，作安排14. candidate n. 候选人15. campus n. 校园16. liberal a. 慷慨的;丰富的;自由的17. transform v. 转变，变革;变换18. transmit v. 传播，播送;传递19. transplant v. 移植20. transport vat. 运输，运送 n. 运输，运输工具21. shift v. 转移;转动;转变22. vary v. 变化，改变;使多样化23. vanish vi. 消灭，不见24. swallow v. 吞下，咽下 n. 燕子25. suspicion n. 怀疑，疑心26. suspicious a. 怀疑的，可疑的27. mild a. 温暖的，暖和的;温柔的，味淡的28. tender a. 温柔的;脆弱的29. nuisance n. 损害，妨害，讨厌(的人或事物)30. insignificant a. 无意义的，无足轻重的;无价值的31. accelerate vt. 加速，促进32. absolute a. 绝对的，无条件的;完全的33. boundary n. 分界线，边界34. brake n. 刹车，制动器 v. 刹住(车)35. catalog n. 目录(册) v. 编目36. vague a. 模糊的，不明确的37. vain n. 徒劳，白费38. extinct a. 绝灭的，熄灭的'39. extraordinary a. 不平常的，特别的，非凡的40. extreme a. 极度的，极端的 n. 极端，过分41. agent n. 代理人，代理商;动因，原因42. alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料，酒精43. appeal n. /vi. 呼吁，恳求44. appreciate vt. 重视，赏识，欣赏45. approve v. 赞成，同意，批准46. stimulate vt. 刺激，激励47. acquire vt. 取得，获得;学到48.accomplish vt .完成，到达;实行49. network n. 网状物;广播网，电视网;网络50. tide n. 潮汐;潮流51. tidy a. 整洁的，整齐的52. trace vt. 追踪，找到 n. 痕迹，踪迹53. torture n./vt. 拷打，折磨54. wander vi. 漫游，闲逛55. wax n. 蜡56. weave v. 织，编57. preserve v. 保护，保存，保持，维持61. abuse v. 滥用，虐待;谩骂62. academic a. 学术的;高等院校的;研究院的63. academy n. (高等)专科院校;学会64. battery n. 电池(组)65. barrier n. 障碍;棚栏66. cargo n. (船、飞机等装载的)货物67. career n. 生涯，职业68. vessel n. 船舶;容器，器皿;血管69. vertical a. 垂直的70. oblige v. 迫使，责成;使感激71. obscure a. 阴暗，模糊72. extent n. 程度，范围，大小，限度73. exterior n. 外部，外表 a. 外部的，外表的74. external a. 外部的，外表的，外面的75. petrol n. 汽油76. petroleum n. 石油77. delay vt./n. 推迟，延误，耽搁78. decay vi. 腐烂，腐朽79. decent a. 像样的，体面的80. route n. 路;路线;航线81. ruin v. 毁坏，破坏 n. 毁灭，[pl.]废墟82. sake n. 缘故，理由83. satellite n. 卫星84. scale n. 大小，规模;等级;刻度85. temple n. 庙宇86. tedious a. 乏味道，单调的，87. tend vi.易于，趋向88. tendency n.趋向，趋势89. ultimate a. 极端的，最大的，最终的 n. 极端90. undergo v. 经历，遭受91. abundant a. 丰富的，充裕的，大量的92. adopt v. 收养;采用;采纳93. adapt vi. 适应，适合;改编，改写 vt. 使适应94. bachelor n. 学士，学士学位;单身汉95. casual a. 偶然的，碰巧的;临时的;非正式的96. trap n. 陷阱，圈套 v. 设陷阱捕捉97. vacant a. 空的，未占用的98. vacuum n. 真空，真空吸尘器99. oral a. 口头的，口述的，口的100. optics n. (单、复数同形)光学。
四级写作必会高频词
1.校园类：1)学习：application from 申请表assignment 作业instructor辅导老师assessment评估course arrangement 课程安排credit 学分dean 导师enrollment\register for 注册oral examination 口试graduate school 研究生院letter of recommendation 推荐信participation 出勤postgraduate 研究生president 校长required course\compulsory course 必修课optional course 选修课score\mark 分数school of Arts and Sciences 文理学院take an examination\sit an examination 参加考试undergraduate 本科生2)生活cafeteria 食堂campus 校园club 学生俱乐部current account 现金帐户current issues 本期刊物back issues 过期刊物catalogue 目录deposit money in a bank 存钱dormitory 宿舍lecture hall 阶梯教室library card 借书卡overdue and pay a fine 过期罚款renew (借书)续借shopping mall\center 购物中心society 学生社团student union 学生会withdraw\draw cash 取钱2.旅游类1)交通crash 撞车amber light 黄灯cross road 十字路drive without license 无证驾驶excessive speed 超速green light绿灯traffic jam交通拥挤narrow road 窄路red light 红灯parking place 停车场speed limit 速度限制traffic light 红绿灯traffic police 交通警察traffic regulation 交通规则zebra stripes 斑马线2)旅游check-in登记入住check-out 结帐离开(退房) holiday resort 度假区one-way ticket 单程机票place of sightseeing 游览胜地room service 客房服务round-trip ticket 来回机票sightseeing tour 观光旅游star-rated hotel 星级饭店tour group 旅游团队tour guide 导游travel service 旅行社tourist attraction 旅游胜地3.社会类bid for the Olympic Games 申办奥运会birth control 计划生育brain drain 人才外流bubble economy 泡沫经济care for senior citizens 关心老年人comprehensive national power 综合国力compulsory education 义务教育computer crime 电脑犯罪divorce 离婚dropout student 失学儿童economic globalization\economic integration 经济全球化education for all-round development 素质教育exam-oriented education 应试教育intellectual property rights 知识产权juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪knowledge-based economy 知识经济laid-off worker 下岗职工migrant worker 民工net friend 网友net citizen 网民off line 下线online love affair 网恋people oriented\people foremost 以人为本pioneering spirit 首创精神preserve the ecological environment 保护生态环境prime time 黄金时段puppy love 早恋rate of unemployment 失业率rural population 乡村人口self-protection awareness 自我保护意识self-service ticketing 无人售票shopping online 网上购物single parent family 单亲家庭surf the Internet 网上冲浪sustainable development 可持续发展team spirit 团队精神reduce study load 学生减负university students’innovative undertaking 大学生创业virtual net 虚拟网络win-winsituation 双赢局面eliminate illiteracy 扫盲excusive agency 专卖店New Human Being 新新人类online trading platfrom 网上交易平台cost of living\income maintenance 生活费用advance with times 与时俱进A well-paid job 待遇丰厚的工作常见连接词总结：1.空间顺序near to/far from/in the front of/beside/behind/to the right/to the left on the other side of2.时间顺序First/after a few days/eventually/at that time/in the mean time Meanwhile/afterward/from then on3.举例for example/to name a few /say /such as4.递进(补充说明)in addition/furthermore/what’s more5.对比Whereas/while/as opposed to/by contrast/by comparison。
英语4级作文必背词汇
英语4级作文必背词汇必背词汇：1. essential adj. 必要的，基本的。
2. fundamental adj. 基础的，根本的。
3. crucial adj. 至关重要的，关键的。
4. significant adj. 重要的，有意义的。
5. indispensable adj. 不可缺少的，必不可少的。
6. vital adj. 至关重要的，必不可少的。
7. paramount adj. 最重要的，至高无上的。
8. pivotal adj. 关键的，核心的。
9. imperative adj. 必要的，紧急的。
10. necessary adj. 必要的，必需的。
范文：In today's fast-paced society, the ability to communicate effectively in English has become essential. It is a fundamental skill that is crucial for success in many aspects of life, including education, career, and social relationships.English is the most widely spoken language in the world, and it is the international language of business, science, and technology. Therefore, a good command of English is significant for anyone who wishes to succeed in these fields. In addition, English is also indispensable for international travel and communication. It is the languageof aviation, and it is used by pilots and air traffic controllers around the world. English is also the languageof diplomacy, and it is used by diplomats and politiciansto communicate with each other.In today's globalized world, the ability to speak English is vital for anyone who wants to compete in the global job market. Many multinational companies requiretheir employees to speak English, and it is often the language used in international meetings and conferences. Therefore, a good command of English is paramount for anyone who wants to succeed in the global economy.English is also pivotal for education. Manyuniversities and colleges around the world use English asthe medium of instruction, and it is often a requirementfor admission. In addition, many academic journals and publications are written in English, and a good command of English is imperative for anyone who wants to pursue a career in academia.In conclusion, English is a necessary skill for anyone who wants to succeed in today's globalized world. It is essential, fundamental, and crucial for success in many aspects of life, including education, career, and social relationships. Therefore, it is important for everyone to learn English and to develop a good command of the language.。
大学英语四级作文常用词汇
大学英语四级作文常用词汇chart图表graph图表table表格figure数字data数据 statistics统计数据indicate表明reveal表明suggest表明 imply暗指rank列为，排列rate比率respectively分别地 amount数量，数额表示上升趋势lncrease增加grow增长rise上升 surge猛增soar猛增 rocket迅速增长go up上升 jump暴涨leap飞跃 shoot上涨climb to上升 mount增长ascend上升 on the rise上升spiral upwards螺旋上升 swell增大experience an explosive growth迅猛增长表示下降趋势decrease降低，减少fall下降drop下降 decline下降go down下降 slide下滑reach the bottom of降到底部 on the decline处于减少趋势slump暴跌 take a nose dive迅速下降wane变小，衰落 reduction减少表示平稳趋势consistent一致的 steady稳定的stable稳定的hardly change几乎不变level off变平，稳定remain constant保持稳定stay the same保持一致 maintain保持表示波动趋势swing摇摆，摆动 fluctuate波动，涨落fluctuation波动，起伏表示水准dramatic剧烈的drastic急剧的slight轻微的，微小的 somewhat稍微，些许suddenly突然地 substantial重要的considerably相当地 sharply锐利地，急剧地steep急剧升降的 rapid迅速的，飞快的。
英语四级作文常用词汇
英语四级作文常用词汇1. Achievement - 表示成就或成功。
2. Adversity - 逆境或困难。
3. Ambition - 雄心或抱负。
4. Analyze - 分析。
5. Approach - 方法或接近。
6. Assess - 评估。
7. Attitude - 态度。
8. Behavior - 行为。
9. Challenge - 挑战。
10. Change - 变化。
11. Character - 性格。
12. Circumstance - 环境或情况。
13. Competition - 竞争。
14. Consequence - 结果或后果。
15. Contribute - 贡献。
16. Cooperate - 合作。
17. Cultural - 文化的。
18. Development - 发展。
19. Diversity - 多样性。
20. Efficiency - 效率。
21. Employment - 就业。
22. Environment - 环境。
23. Ethics - 道德。
24. Experience - 经验。
25. Freedom - 自由。
26. Globalization - 全球化。
27. Happiness - 幸福。
28. Health - 健康。
29. Innovation - 创新。
30. Influence - 影响。
31. Integration - 整合。
32. Knowledge - 知识。
33. Leadership - 领导力。
34. Motivation - 动机。
35. Opportunity - 机会。
36. Performance - 表现。
37. Personality - 个性。
38. Perspective - 视角。
39. Policy - 政策。
40. Potential - 潜力。
41. Problem - 问题。
英语四级作文必用词汇
英语四级作文必用词汇英语四级作文必用词汇想要提高英语写作水平，背诵词汇是必须的，那么，下面是店铺给大家整理收集的英语四级作文必用词汇，供大家阅读参考。
英语四级作文必用词汇：1.经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy2.人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard3.先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology4.面临新的机遇和挑战be faced with new opportunities and challenges5.人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that……6.社会发展的必然结果the inevitable result of social development7.引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention8.不可否认It is undeniable that……/ There is no denying that……9.热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate10. 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument12.一些人……而另外一些人……Some pe ople……while others……13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言As far as I am concerned，/ Personally，14.就……达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on……15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons16.双方的论点 argument on both sides17.发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important rolein……18.对……必不可少be indispensable to ……19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes:20. ……也不例外……be no exception21．对……产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/ negative effects on……22．利远远大于弊the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages 23．导致，引起lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in24．复杂的社会现象a complicated social phenomenon25．责任感 / 成就感sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement26. 竞争与合作精神sense of competition and cooperation27. 开阔眼界widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision28．学习知识和技能acquire knowledge and skills29．经济/心理负担financial burden / psychological burden30．考虑到诸多因素take many factors into account/ consideration31. 从另一个角度from another perspective32．做出共同努力make joint efforts33. 对……有益be beneficial / conducive to……34．为社会做贡献make contributions to the society35．打下坚实的基础lay a solid foundation for……36．综合素质comprehensive quality37．无可非议blameless / beyond reproach39．致力于/ 投身于be committed / devoted to……40. 应当承认Admittedly,作文万能模板1、解决方法题型要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径1．问题现状2．怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, (说明Ａ的现状)．Second, (举例进一步说明现状)Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, (解决方法一). For another （解决方法二). Finally, 解决方法三).Personally, I believe that (我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because (带来的好处).2、现象说明文Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture that__________.There are many reasons explaining________________.The main reason is__________________.what is more_______________.thirdly_______________.As a result_______________.Considering all there,____________.For one thing__________________,for another____________.In Conclusion______________.3、说明利弊题型这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）1．说明事物现状2．事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）3．你对现状（或前景）的看法Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First (Ａ的'优点之一). Besides （A的优点之二）.But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,(A的第二个缺点)．Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to(我的看法)．(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, (对前景的预测)．)4、图表作文的框架as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/st eadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______. On the one hand, ________. On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ is responsible for _______. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.。
四级写作翻译极高频词汇及扩展.
提示:à之后为扩展词汇accident n. 事故;意外àaccidentallyaccess vt. 使用;存取;n. 进入;使用权;àhave access toaccount for 对…做出解释;说明……的原因acquire vt. 获得;取得;学到;捕获acknowledge vt. 承认;答谢;报偿admit vt. 承认;准许进入;可容纳àadmittedly àadmission advantage n. 优势;利益;有利条件àdisadvantage àadvantageous advise vt. 建议;劝告,忠告àit is advisablefor …to …apparent adj. 显然的;表面上的àapparentlyapply v 申请、应用àapply …to àapply for àapplicantappropriate adj.合适的àappropriately àinappropriateargue v. 争论, 主张,说服àargumentattraction n.吸引力,吸引物àattractiveaware adj. 意识到的;知道的;àawarenessawait vt. 等候,等待;期待benefit n.利益vt.有益于vi.受益àbe beneficial forceremony n. 典礼,仪式;礼节àopening/closing ceremonycharge v 收费àovercharge àrechargecompetition n.竞争àcompetitivecompared with 与...相比concentrate vt.集中;浓缩àconcentrate on concern n/v 关心àbe concerned aboutconclude v.结束,得出结论àto conclude confuse vt 使疑惑àconfused àconfusing consequence n.结果,后果àas a consequence considerable adj.值得考虑的;相当大的,相当多的construction n.建筑物àconstructconsume vt.消耗,消费àtime-consuming contribute v. 捐助,捐献,贡献àcontribute to convenient adj.方便的àat your convenience convince vt. 说服;使信服àconvinced àconvincing cultivate vt. 培养;陶冶;耕作depend vi.依赖,依靠àdepend on àindependence deprive vt.剥夺,否认determine v. 决定, 确定despite prep. 尽管,不管= in spite ofdifferent adj. 不同的;àdifference àdifferdistinguish vt.辨别,区分;使杰出disturb vt. 打扰;妨碍;使不安àdisturbingeconomical adj.经济的,节约的effect n.效果,结果àeffectiveefficient adj. 有效率的;有能力的;生效的àefficiently àefficiency enable vt. 使能够,使成为可能àenable …to …enhance vt 提高ensure vt vt. 保证,确保;使安全essential adj.本质的,基本的àessenceeventually adv.终于explore vt. 探索;探测;探险extent n.范围,限度àto some extent àto a large extentfail to 未能àfailurefigure n. 数字;人物;图形;价格;vi. 计算;àfigure outfoundation n.基础àlay a solid foundation forgraduate vi.毕业àpostgraduateshunt vt. 打猎;搜索àjob-huntingidentify vt.确认àidentificationignore vt.忽视àignoranceimpair vt. 损害;削弱;减少impression n.印象àimpress àimpression àimpressive indispensable adj. 不可缺少的;绝对必要的individual n.个体,个人adj.个体的,个人的inferior adj. 差的;自卑的;下级的,下等的influence n.影响install vt. 安装;任命àinstallationinstruct vt. 命令;教授;指导àinstructioninvestigate vt.调查àinvestigationinvolve vt.卷入,牵连àget involved in …maintain vt.维持,保持;主张measure n. 措施;测量;vt. 测量;估量;权衡moral adj./n.道德上的,道德àmoralityoppose vt. 反对;对抗,抗争àopposite àopposition participate vi. 参与,参加;分享àparticipate inparticular n.细节,特例adj.特殊的,独特的àin particular physical adj. [物] 物理的;身体的;物质的àphysical health popular adj. 流行的,通俗的;受欢迎的àpopularity potential adj.潜在的,有潜力的n.潜力prefer vt.更喜欢,偏爱àpreferencepriority n. 优先;优先权;àgive priority toprivate adj.隐蔽的,私人的,私有的professional n.专业人员adj.专业的,职业的promote vt.促进;晋升àpromotionpromising adj adj. 有希望的,有前途的àpromising futurepsychological adj. 心理的;心理学的;精神上的àpsychological fitness àpsychologist pursue vt. 从事;追赶àpursuitreflect v.反射,反映,细想regardless adj.不管,不顾,不注意resident n.居民adj.居住的resource n.资源(常作复数,财产responsible adj.负责的,有责任的àbe responsible forreward [n./vt.报酬,回报àrewardingsecure adj.安全的v.保护àsecuritysignificant adj.意义重大的,重要的àsignificancestrengthen vt.加强,巩固àstrengthsuperior adj. 上级的;优秀的,出众的;高傲的tend to 趋向(于,倾向(于,有…的倾向:temper n. 脾气;性情;倾向àlo se one’s temperunique adj.独特的,独一无二的undermine vt. 破坏,渐渐破坏vary vi. 变化;变异;违反àa variety of àvariouswitness n. 证人;目击者;vt. 目击;证明;为…作证worrying adj. 令人担心的;烦恼的娱乐类高频词amuse vt逗笑、给…提供娱乐【考】amuse oneself by doing sth做某事来消遣【派】amused a 愉快的amusement n 娱乐品entertain vt 招待;给…提供娱乐【例】This hotel is famous for its entertainment 这家旅馆以它的殷勤待客闻名【派】entertainment n 娱乐relax vt (使放松,【例】A hot bath should help to relax you 一个热水澡有助于缓解疲劳【派】relaxed a不严格的,不拘束的;relaxation n放松skate vt 溜冰【例】The children skated on the frozen pond 孩子们在结冰的池塘上滑冰ski vi滑雪n滑雪板refresh vt (使恢复记忆,振作精神【考】refresh one’s memory重新唤起记忆enthusiastic a 热心的,热情的【例】All the staff are enthusiastic about the sports 所有职员都对体育感兴趣【派】enthusiasm n 热情巨大兴趣leisure a 空闲的n 空闲时间【例】leisure time空闲时间at leisure闲暇时prevalent a流行的,普遍的【例】The color is prevalent in some countries 这种颜色在一些国家很流行slim a 苗条的,薄的【例】a slim waist纤细的腰【派】slimmer n 减肥者fashionable a流行的、普遍的【考】be in fashion流行be out of fashion落后recreation n 娱乐,消遣【考】recreational activities娱乐活动【派】recreational a 娱乐的episode n插曲,连续剧的一集【例】the first episode of the comedy那喜剧的第一集series n 连续剧,一系列【考】a series of一系列pop n流行音乐【例】pop music流行音乐movie n电影【例】movie star电影明星poster n海报,招贴画【例】the poster for exhibition展览海报spectator n观众cartoon n卡通漫画【例】cartoon characters卡通人物comedy n喜剧【例】silent comedy无声喜剧tragedy n悲剧,惨事【例】Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s best known tragedies 《哈姆莱特》是莎翁最著名的悲剧之一hobby n爱好baseball n棒球【例】The heavy rain interrupted the baseball game大雨中断了棒球比赛soccer n (美国足球volleyball n排球chess n国际象棋gym n体育馆amateur n业余爱好者a业余的【例】an amateur orchestra一个业余的管弦乐队athlete n运动员【例】a professional athlete专业的运动员【派】athletic运动的sportsman n运动员【例】an all-round sportsman一个全能的运动员。
四级写作词汇
四级写作词汇-学校教育、校园生活（200个）kindergarten 幼稚园day-care center 日护中心pre-school education 学前教育elementary education 初等教育secondary education 中等教育vocational education 职业教育higher education高等教育post-secondary education高等教育tertiary education高等教育compulsory education 义务教育exam-oriented education system 应试教育exam-driven education system应试教育quality-oriented education system 素质教育quality-driven education system素质教育bilingual education双语教育the ivory tower 象牙塔College Entrance Exam（中国）高考SAT (Scholastic Assessment Test) 美国大学入学考试opening ceremony 开学典礼graduation ceremony 毕业典礼orientation meeting（介绍学校综合情况的）介绍会decent schools 很好的学校prestigious schools有声望的学校a classy boarding school 高等寄宿学校live on campus住校live off campus住校外recruit招收enrollment入学register注册student ID card 学生证dining hall, canteen 食堂cafeteria 餐厅dormitory 宿舍freshman大一新生sophomore 大二学生junior大三学生senior 毕业年级学生adolescents, youngsters 青少年diploma毕业证书，文凭undergraduate/bachelor degree 学士学位master degree 硕士学位doctor degree 博士学位post-doctoral researchers 博士后研究人员dual degree fever 双学位热qualifications and certificates 资历和证书backward teaching facilities 落后的教学设施faculty meeting教工会议TA (teaching assistant) 助教a senior lecturer高级讲师associate professor副教授professor 教授visiting professor 客座教授tuition and fees 学杂费living expenses 生活费scholarship 奖学金grant-aided students领取助学金的学生a calendar year, an academic year一个学年acquire knowledge 学习知识academic studies 学术研究，学业academic freedom 学术自由limit one’s freedom 限制某人的自由academic achievements 学习成绩scholar, academic 学者independent thinking独立思维critical thinking批判性思维creative thinking创造性思维innovative thinking创新思维insight into…对……洞察/深刻的见解the power of imagination 想象力prohibit/restrict one’s creativity and imagination 限制了某人的创造力和想象力unimaginative 缺乏想象力的concrete 具体的abstract 抽象的inspiration 灵感self-disciplined 自律的lack discipline 缺乏约束力highly motivated积极性高的distinctive learning style 不一样的学习方式automatic study 自学be fully scheduled 日程很满的time management 时间管理lecture 讲座seminar 研讨会Davos 达沃斯World Economic Forum世界经济论坛syllabus 课程大纲course/curriculum 课程sign up for a course/register a course 报选修课course selection 选课required/compulsory courses 必修课specialized optional/elective courses 专业选修课credit system 学分制major in 专业out of interest 出于兴趣choose a major blindly 盲目选择专业pick a major at random盲目选择专业specialize in专长于……discipline 学科domain 领域mathematics 数学economics 经济学science of business administration工商管理学business management 企业管理science of public management 公共管理学tourist management旅游管理学natural/environment science 自然/环境科学linguistics语言学literature文学psychology 心理学sociology 社会学anthropology 人类学philosophy 哲学education 教育学law 法学medicine 医学mechanical engineering 机械工程学civil engineering 土木工程学astronomy 天文学ecology 生态学geology 地质学archaeology考古学attendance出勤participation 参与in-class performance 课堂表现assignment 作业rigorous evaluation/assessment严格评价/评估self-assessment 自我评价workaholic 工作狂neglect of exercise缺乏运动extracurricular activities 课外活动football club 足球社团drama society 戏剧社student union学生会chairman of the student union学生会主席elect选举candidate候选人an after-school tutoring program 课后辅导项目multimedia teaching 多媒体教学distance learning program远程教育remote education 远程教育term paper学期论文thesis paper毕业论文well-educated 受过良好教育的poorly-educated 没有受过良好教育的illiterate 文盲的well-rounded全面发展的all-round 全面发展的to express the full range of one’s potential发挥所有潜能physical and mental health身心健康cultivate one’s sense of independence 培养独立性foster a sense of cooperation as well as competition 培养合作和竞争意识nature or nurture 天生决定还是后天培养broaden/enlarge one’s horizons 拓展知识面team spirit 团队精神acquire communication skills 获取交流技能interpersonal skills 人际关系处理技能theoretical knowledge 理论知识interactive skills互动技能practical skills实践技能learn by rote死记硬背memorize mechanically 死记硬背skip classes逃课play truant逃学drop out辍学discontinue one’s study辍学test scores 考试成绩pass 通过fail 挂科a make-up exam 补考graduation rate毕业率physical punishment体罚stay up late熬夜cram session考前突击，仓促备考pull an all-nighter开夜车burn the mid-night oil 点灯熬油top students优等生straight-A students 尖子生average students 普通生/成绩一般的学生peer pressure 同辈压力grace under pressure 压力下的优雅further one’s study深造pursue one’s study深造international students 留学生an exchange student 交换生visa 签证accumulate precious experience积累宝贵经验exotic cultures and customs 异域文化和风俗culture shock 文化冲击language barrier语言障碍financial strain 经济压力physical disorder身体不适四级写作词汇-经济形势、求职就业（200）economic crisis经济危机financial crisis经济危机financial disaster经济危机face/meet/fight the crisis 应对危机economic recession经济不景气/萧条bleeding economy经济不景气/萧条economic depression经济不景气/萧条stormy times 经济动荡时期bubble economy泡沫经济the global economic recovery 全球经济复苏economic growth/progress经济增长/发展economic development model 经济发展模式a boom time蓬勃发展时期revive/recovery/turnaround 恢复slow down declines 减缓衰退a tough job market 严峻的就业形势generate new employment 创造新的就业confidence reconstruction 重建信心create consumer confidence提升消费者信心industrial restructuring产业结构调整labor intensive industry 劳动密集型产业knowledge intensive知识密集型technology intensive技术密集型entrepreneurial creativity 企业创造力affordable/comfortable housing project 安居工程staffing 安置职工cut the salaried work force 减员labor shortage 劳动力短缺structural adjustment 结构调整stimulus package/plan 经济刺激方案stimulate consumer spending 刺激消费anti-risk capability抗风险能力drive/expand domestic demand 扩大内需infrastructure construction 基础设施建设tax relief 减免税收practice economy 例行节约slash production 削减生产consumption coupon消费券be unemployed, be out of work, jobless 失业lose one's job, be redundant 失业job losses mount/unemployment climb失业加剧jobless number 失业人数find a job, land a job, seek a job 找工作hunt for a job, look for a job 找工作job hunter, job seeker 找工作的人apply for a job 申请工作job opportunity, job offer工作机会job opening, job vacancy 空缺职位job fair 招聘会on-site recruiting 现场招聘workforce/job market 就业市场career guidance 就业指导a job interview 求职面试an applicant letter求职信resume, CV简历take up part-time jobs 做兼职工作do after-school work做兼职工作earn pocket money 赚零花钱get an additional income 获得额外收入relieve the economic burdens of their parents减轻父母经济负担realize their own value 实现自身价值a sense of achievement成就感money worship拜金主义money-oriented 向钱看的Qualifications for a job: 资格bachelor/master/doctor degree 学位College English Test Band 4 Certificates英语四级证Test for English Major Grade 4 Certificates英语专业四级证National Mandarin Test (Level 1/2/3; Grade A/B/C)普通话等级考试First-level Certificate for National Computer计算机一级证Lawyer’s (qualification) certificate律师（资格）证d river’s license 驾驶执照work experience 工作经验qualified and experienced 称职的并且有经验的strong communication and interpersonal skillsgood presentation skillsBenefits of a job: 福利待遇benefits 福利（公司、工厂或政府机构提供的优惠待遇）welfare 福利/社会保障（慈善性质，以他人赞助为来源）social security net社会保障体系orientation training职前培训on-board training 入职培训on-the-job training 在职培训overseas training 海外培训training courses 培训课程5 social insurance and a housing fund 五险一金medical insurance 医疗保险pension insurance 养老保险unemployment insurance 失业保险employment injury insurance 工伤保险maternity insurance 生育保险paid vacation带薪休假paid annual leave带薪年假paid maternity leave 带薪产假paid paternity leave带薪陪产假long service leave 长期服务假sick leave病假personal leave 私人事假telecommuting 电子通勤flextime policy 弹性工作制flexible time 轮休bonus 奖金commission [c] 回扣tips 小费good/high-paying jobs 高薪工作annual salary 年薪promotions and raises 提职和加薪salary cut 减薪Positions/posts: 职位air-controller 空中管制员supervisor 管理者;senior executive 高管MA (manager assistant) 经理助理typist 打字员secretary 秘书receptionist/desk clerk 接待员operator 接线员HRD (Human resources director)人力资源总监/主任HR Rep (representative) 人力资源专员/代表job recruiter 招聘人员salesperson 销售员regional sales manager 地区销售经理wholesale buyer 批发采购员tele-interviewer 电话调查员market research analyst 市场调查分析员office clerk 职员officer 科员fire fighter/fireman消防员life guard 救生员fashion designer服装设计师tailor 裁缝cartoonist 漫画家detective 侦探magician魔术师cashier 收银员/出纳员bank teller 银行出纳员senior customer manager 高级客户经理insurance agent 保险代理人tourist guide 导游bartender 酒吧男招待/酒保/调酒师bar singer 酒吧歌手interpreter（口译）翻译translator（笔译）翻译mentor顾问、导师tutor 家教、导师librarian 图书管理员editor 编辑executive editor 主编writer作家columnist专栏作家TV director 电视导演film producer 电影制片人photographer 摄影师reporter/journalist 记者lawyer, attorney 律师judge法官surgeon 外科医生vet兽医nurse 护士psychiatrist 心理医生baker面包师cook/chef厨师barber; hairdresser; hair stylist发型师gas station attendant 加油工bin man/janitor 清洁工stewardess 空中小姐astronaut, spaceman 宇航员athlete运动员coach教练full-time housewifefull-time househusbandhousewife家庭主妇housekeeper管家baby-sitter保姆gourmet/epicure 美食家dietitian营养师diplomat 外交官spy间谍、特工intelligence agent间谍、特工secret agent 间谍、特工film star agent 影星经济人insurance broker 保险经济人四级写作词汇-热门话题、人与自然（150）Natural disasters/extreme weather 自然灾难/极端天气： freakish weather 反常天气 earthquake 地震 tsunami 海啸volcanic eruption 火山喷发 storm 暴风sandstorm 沙尘暴 sand and dust weather 沙尘天气 snowstorm/blizzard 暴风雪 hurricane 飓风typhoon 台风 tornado/cyclone /whirlwind 龙卷风 waterspout 海龙卷debris flow/mud-rock flow 泥石流 landslide 山体滑坡/山崩 avalanche 雪崩heat-wave 热浪/高温天气 drought 干旱 flood 洪水Environmental pollution 环境污染： air pollution 空气污染pollution 污染contamination 污染 pollutant 污染物environmental pollution/contamination 环境污染 environmental degradation 环境恶化 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 smog 烟雾 haze 雾霾air pollution emission 空气污染排放物 the world ’s biggest emitter of CO 2 世界最大CO 2排放国 greenhouse gases 温室气体 greenhouse effect 温室效应 the ozone layer 臭氧层 global warming 全球变暖human-induced climate change 人为引起的气候变化 respiratory diseases 呼吸疾病soil pollution 土壤污染excessive deforestation 滥砍滥伐 water loss and soil erosion 水土流失 desertification 沙漠化sand and dust weather 沙尘天气 low visibility 能见度低 fertilizer 化肥 pesticide 杀虫剂 acid rain 酸雨water pollution 水污染 urban refuse 城市垃圾 domestic sewage 生活污水 industrial wastewater 工业废水 liquid waste 液体废物 sewage disposal 污水处理drinking water shortage 饮用水短缺white pollution 白色污染disposable/one-off/non-recyclable dishware 一次性/不可回收的餐具disposable chopsticks/lunch boxes/paper cups 一次性筷子/餐盒/纸杯 plastic bags 塑料袋 drinking cans 饮料罐 over-packaging 过度包装light pollution 光污染 light pollution sources 光污染源 neon lights 霓虹灯 decorative lights 装饰灯 advertisement boards 广告牌glass walls of skyscrapers 大厦的玻璃幕墙 noise pollution 噪音污染 traffic noise 交通噪音 culture pollution 文化污染 e-waste 电子垃圾animals and plants动植物endangered species濒危物种extinct, die out 灭绝natural reserve自然保护区animal rights activists动物权益保护者vegetation植被protect rare wild animals and plants保护珍稀野生动植物biological diversity生物多样性Measures: 措施implement reforms 实施改革launch a radical transformation 进行彻底改革environment-friendly products环保产品environmental awareness环境意识enhance the awareness of environmental protection raise the consciousness about environmental protection增强环境意识popularize environmental protection knowledge普及环保知识protect and control pollution防治污染natural resource protection areas 自然资源保护区limited/finite natural resources有限的自然资源renewable resources 可再生资源non-renewable resources 不可再生资源reduce, reuse, recycle 减少，重复利用，回收use up/exhaust用尽ban on…禁止使用impose limits on…限制/控制biodegradable packaging 可降解包装sustainable development 可持续发展ecological balance 生态平衡green/clean energy 清洁能源alternative fuel 替代燃料solar power/energy太阳能wind power/energy风能nuclear power 核能firedamp 沼气to promote low-carbon life style 提倡低碳生活private vehicle私家车underground train system地铁系统public transportation公共交通public transport service公共交通服务green commuting 绿色通勤green/clean technology revolution 绿色技术革命“clear your plate” campaign 光盘行动embrace efficiency 鼓励高效energy efficiency节能energy-saving and emission reduction 节能减排resource-saving节能的economical节能的economy-oriented节能的energy-hungry industries耗能产业forestation 植树造林to plant trees to bind the soil together 植树护林forest coverage森林覆盖率green belt 绿化带preserve soil and water 保持水土organic food 有机食品draught-relief efforts抗旱artificial rainfall人工降雨precipitation人工降雨四级写作词汇-信息科技、媒体影响（100）desk-top computer台式机lap-top computer 笔记本notebook computer笔记本portable computer 便携式电脑netbook 上网本palm-top computer掌上电脑tablet pc平板电脑attachment 附件blog博客；网络日志blogger博主microblog微博twitter 推特/微博客服务网站tweet 推文/微博web chat微信smart phones智能手机touch screen phones触屏手机multifunctional phones多功能手机digital music player数字化的音乐播放器SMS：Short Messaging Service短信（服务）text message短信（服务）MMS：Multimedia Messaging Service彩信（服务）information era/age 信息时代information-explosion age 信息爆炸时代the Internet; the Net互联网cyberspace 网际空间，虚拟空间double-edged sword双刃剑netizen网民online dating 网络交友online shopping在线购物after-sale service is not guaranteed售后服务无保障credit card fraud 信用卡诈骗identity theft 身份盗用group-buyingteam-buyinggroup purchase团购cyber crime 网上犯罪hacker黑客distracting 分心的be addicted to对某物上瘾be obsessed with沉迷于be indulged in沉迷于be absorbed in 沉迷于deep anxiety 深度焦虑Digital Library (DL) 数字图书馆scientific exploration科学探索hi-tech products 高科技产品cutting-edge technology (12年真题) 尖端科技product launches (12年真题) 产品发布easy-to-use products便于使用的user-friendly (12年真题) 便于使用的R&D division 研发部门digital age数码时代electrical 电的，与电有关的electrical appliances电器设备electronic device电子设备optical instruments光学仪器universal truth普遍真理solar energy/power太阳能solidarity [ˌsɔliˌdæriti]团结infinite [ˌinfinit] 无限的、无边无际的infinite patience无限的耐心mechanical 机械的mechanical engineering机械工程mechanic 机械的precise 精确的precision [priˌsiʒən] 精确psychological 心理的、心理学的psychology 心理phenomenon 现象、迹象phenomenal 显著的a common phenomenon普遍现象philosophy, kaizen哲学philosophical有哲理的bacteria 细菌evolution 演变、进化positive role model正面/积极榜样the theory of evolution进化论formula 原则、方案、公式peace formula和平方案statistic 统计数值、统计资料statistic data统计数据vitamin 维生素protein 蛋白质oxygen 氧、氧气artificial intelligence人工智能graph 图表、图解navigation 航行、导航navigate导航navigation system导航系统dimension [diˌmenʃən] 方面、维、长(或宽、厚)等three dimensional space三维空间media 媒体mass media大众传媒current affairs 时事hot topics 热门话题exclusive news 独家新闻media hype 媒体炒作media violence媒体暴力media exposure媒体曝光invade one’s privacy侵犯隐私be bombarded with 被大量信息轰炸misleading 误导的exaggerate夸大scandal丑闻distinguish right from wrong明辨是非right to know知情权freedom of the press新闻自由be newsworthy具有新闻价值的informative and entertaining 信息性和娱乐性的audience ratings 收视率celebrity名人the general public大众public image 公众形象。
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（冒号前面的是我们习惯想到的词，考试中尽量少用！一定要用后面的词去替换前面） We, everyone: any reasonable/sensitive soul/min d, talented minds, elite minds, versatile minds, personality, figures, celebrity, idiots, philosophic minds, geniusMore and more: increasingly,Big: enormous, tremendous, gigantic, titanic, astronomical, v ast, boundless,Very: extremely, overwhelmingly, undeniably, remarkably, volu minously, excessively,exceedingly, tangibly, impressively, shockingly,Famous: renowned, celebrated, accomplished, distinguished, pr ominent, eminent, outstanding, preeminent,Good: spectacular, amazing, unbelievable, incredible, magnifi cent, adorable, fantastic,fascinating, admirable, respectable, cherishable, adorable, a wesome, terrific, majestic,Bad: nightmarish, disgusting, despicable, monstrous, appallin g, abhorring, repelling, repulsive, Important: significant, e ssential, basic, fundamental, indispensable, crucial, critica l, decisive, determinant, dominant, predominant, infallible, Say, Believe，think: suppose, hold, claim, maintain, presume, assume, contend, argue, declare, I am convinced, conclude,Improve, better: further, promote, enhance, reinforce, streng then, consolidate, cement, nurture, relieve, recover, Everyone knows: it’s a truth universally acknowledged that, I t can never be denied,it is undeniable that，It goes without saying that，It is self evident that，It is highly advisably, imperative, remarkable that，It comforts one to know that…常见替代词汇解释1. accelerate: 后面接名词，表示“加速”，中性词，好事坏事都能用。
2. adequate: “足够的”，用来替代经常被使用的enough。
3. advance: 名词，“进步，发展”，用来替代文章开头经常使用的d evelopment，progress。
4. advisable / sensible / rational: “合理的”，都可以替代rea sonable。
5. cannot afford to: “不应当做”，不是我们说的“负担不起”。
6. be alert to something: “对…保持警惕”，后面接消极概念。
7. alternative: “其他的选择或办法”，比如an alternative is t hat… 相当于in addition（除此之外）。
8. applicable / feasible / workable: 都表示“可行的”，用在政策、法令、手段等词前面做修饰语，既可增加字长，又可以提高词汇水平。
9. approach / channel: “方法，手段”，用来替代我们经常使用的一些简单词汇，如method 等。
10. approve of something: “批准，同意”，注意不要忘记介词of。
11. attach importance to something: 表示“重视，强调”，替代p ay attention to。
12. ban / prohibit something: “禁止，杜绝”，表达这个含义时尽量不要使用stop。
13. barrier / obstacle / impediment: “障碍、阻碍”，名词，在写作考试中经常被用到。
14. capital / fund: 解决社会问题时一般都会提到需要投资，可以用到这两个单词，替代money。
Finance 金融 financial15. challenging: “困难，有难度”，用来替代difficult。
16. in such circumstances: “在这类情况下”，写作时用于总结某个内容。
17. considerable: “相当大，相当多的”，非常常用的修饰语，比如considerable changes就是相当大的变化。
18. in contrast: “相反”，用来替代我们经常使用的on the contr ary，on the other hand。
19. conversely: “相反地”，也可以用来替代on the contrary，on the other hand。
20. copy / repeat one’s experience / success: “借鉴别人的经验，成功经验”。
21. critical: “至关重要的”，用于替代已经被用滥的important。
22. currently: “目前”，用来替代now，nowadays。
23. damage: 作为名词，含义是“损失、损失金额”，动词“损坏”的搭配能力非常强，和表示物品或抽象概念的词都可以放在一起使用，因此可以用来替代destroy。
24. decline: “衰退”，表示数字下降得比较缓慢，在图表作文中根据图表曲线的实际情况使用，替代我们使用的普通单词decrease。
25. defect: “缺点，不足”，用来替代“shortcoming”。
26. demonstrate / illustrate: “说明，表明”，用在图表作文中替代show，reveal等单词。
27. depict / portray: “描述，描绘”，在漫画作文中替代describ e。
28. deteriorate: “恶化”，用于替代get bad或get worse。
29. devise: “设计，指定”，后面可以接表示方法手段的内容。
30. discard / abandon: “放弃，抛弃”，用于表达放弃消极想法或做法。
31. dispute: “争端，冲突”，用来替代problem，argument。
32. drop: “下降”，用来替代decrease。
这个词表示下降比较快，如果再用修饰语，应当是sharply，dramatically，drastically。
这三个单词一般都用在消极的单词上。
积极的用greatly。
33. eliminate: “消除”，用于写作与社会消极问题有关的文章。
34. emerge as: “逐渐崛起并成为”，这个词组虽然很短，但是含义非常复杂，可以用在文章的开头，表达某种事物或社会现象从无到有，并迅速传播。
比如 Internet has emerged as an indispensable chan nel for people to exchange information。
35. employ: “采纳，采用”，与表示“观点，方法，政策，法令”等英语单词搭配使用，用来替代adopt。
36. enforce: “执行”法律法规，通常用于作文结束部分，对某个社会问题提出解决办法时使用。
37. essential: “至关重要，核心的”，形容词，用来替代importan t。
38. It is generally established that: “众所周知，公认”。
39. when the situation is reversed: “相反”，用来替代on the contrary。
40. excessive: “过度的”，这个词在表达消极概念时都可以做修饰语，副词形式excessively，比如tap“开发”，就可以说tap someth ing excessively。
41. exchange: 这个词才是文化，教育等方面的“交流”，而不是com munication。
42. expand: “扩大”，后面接影响，范围一类的词汇。
43. facet / factor: “方面，因素”，写作时尽量避免使用element，这个词中国人用得不是很好，aspect因为用的人较多，也可以避免。
44. fail to do: “没有能够”，可以适当替换带有cannot的句子。
45. frequently: “经常”，替代often，表示发生频率很高。
46. fresh / novel: “新的”，比如fresh idea等，都可以用来替代我们经常使用的new。
47. fulfill: “完成，取得”，记住以下词组，fulfill the task, f ulfill the dream, fulfill the role。
48. give priority to something: “重视，优先考虑”。
49. give rise to something: “引发，导致…的出现”，积极消极概念都可以使用。
50. given that: “由于…原因”，可以用在句子的开始位置，后面接完整的句子，相当于 because。
51. greatly / remarkably: “非常，相当”，作为褒义词，可以用在表示上升、前进、发展等积极含义的单词前面加强程度。