18-19 Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Grammar——构词法
【初中英语】初中英语语法大全辅导之构词法
【初中英语】初中英语语法大全辅导之构词法【—辅导之构词法】关于构词法的英语语法知识，希望同学们认真学习。
构词法英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。
1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。
2、派生法：(1)派生名词：①动词+er/or ②动词+ing ③动词+(t)ion ④形容词+ness ⑤其他,如：inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge(2)派生形容词：①名词+y ②名词+ful ③动词+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous⑥Chinese; Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩国名+(i)an 如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious(3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully,good→well, possible→possibly等等。
3、转换法：(1)形容词→动词,如：dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。
(2)动词→名词,如：look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。
(3)名词→动词,如：hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。
(4)形容词→副词,如：early→early, fast→fast等等。
(5)副词→连词,如：when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。
(6)介词→副词,如：in(到……里)→(在里面；在家),on(在…上)→(进行,继续),等等。
Unit5英语构词法精讲PPT
派生法综述
一、派生法（Derivation）
在一个词的词根（root）前面或后面加上某个词 缀（ affix ）来产生新词 ，这种构词法称为 派生法 （ derivation ）或词缀法（ affixation ）。加在前面 的词缀叫前缀（ prefix），加在后面的词缀叫后缀 （ suffix）。 一般情况下， 前缀往往改变词根的词 义，不改变词根的词性；而后缀往往改变词根的 词性，有些也涉及意义的变化。 大部分前缀和后
helpless （无助的）
畏的）
后缀法——形容词后缀
后缀
-ish -ive -ous -ic -ly
例 子
selfish（自私的） childish（幼稚的） bookish （书呆子气
的）
collective（集体 decisive（决定性的） native （本国的）
的）
famous（著名的） continuous（连续 delicious （可口的）
后缀法——名词后缀
2. 构成形容词的常用后缀有：-able, -ible, -al, -ful, less, -ish, -ive, -ous, -an, -ic, -ly, -ant, -ent, -ary, -en等。 例如：
后缀
-able/-ible -al suitable（适
后缀法——形容词后缀
表示其他意思的前缀
意义 前 缀 post 之后的 例 子
post-war（战后的） postgraduate（研
究生）
fore 之前的 forecast（预报） foresee（预见） supe 超级；上 supermarket（超市） superman（超人） r层
sub- 下面的； subway（地下铁道） subtitle（副标题）
新Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Grammar——构词法
形容词＋名词 anything 任何东西
5.合成动词 构成方式 名词＋动词 形容词＋动词 副词＋动词 举 sunbathe 晒太阳 whitewash 粉刷 overthrow 推翻 例 typewrite 打字 safeguard 保卫 upset 使生气
名师点津：(1)由“可数名词＋介词(短语)”构成的复合名词变复 数时， 把前面的名词变复数。 例如： fatherinlaw→fathersinlaw (2)由 man 和 woman 构成的合成名词变复数时， 两个名词都要变 成复数。例如：woman doctor→women doctors (3)由“名词＋名词”构成的复合名词，在变复数时，只变化中心 名词，而修饰名词不变。例如：girlfriend→girlfriends
转化 动词 ↑↓ 形容词 副词 ↑↓ 形容词
举
例
clean 打扫/干净的， close 关上/近的， free 使自由/自由的 enough 足够地/足够的，last 最后/最后 的，hard 努力/困难的 这些词作动词时重音在后，作名词时重
读音不同 音在前：contest 竞赛，export 出口， 词性不同 increase 增加，permit 允许，progress 进步，rebel 反抗，record 记录
[即时演练 1]
写出下列单词的汉语意思 ①greenhouse ②sunset ③farreaching ④heartfelt ⑤hotfoot ⑥overcome
温室
日落 影响深远的 由衷的 匆忙地 克服
二、派生 派生法是由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。 1．前缀 前缀一般只改变单词的意思，不改变词性。 分类 举 例 il→illegal 非法的 un→unhappy 不高兴的 常见 im→impatient 不耐烦的 否定 dis→disappear 消失 前缀 in→incorrect 不正确的 non→nonstop 不停 ir→irregular 不规则的
高中英语Unit5ThemeparksSectionⅢGrammar构词法课件新人教版必修4
(3)由“名词＋名词”构成的复合名词，在变复数时，只变 化中心名词，而修饰名词不变。例如：girlfriend→girlfriends。
二、派生法 1．前缀 前缀一般只改变单词的意思，不改变词性。
Social science majors are not only ⑤experiencing success in their ⑥long-term company jobs, but they are also finding jobs more easily. A study showed that many companies had filled a large ⑦percentage of their ⑧entry-level positions with social science graduates.
6．There must be some _m_i_s_u_nd_e_r_s_ta_n_d_i_n_g (understand) between them; we should try to help them get rid of it.
7．Students are advised to keep the list of books near the desk for easy __r_e_fe_r_e_n_c_e_ (refer)．
复习课件
高中英语Unit5ThemeparksSectionⅢGrammar构词法课件新人教版必修4
2021/4/17
高中英语Unit5ThemeparksSectionⅢGrammar构词法课件新 人教版必修4
语法专题 专题十三 构 词 法(共30张PPT)
综合演练
-ese China→Chinese 中国人 -ian history→historian 历史学家 -ist tour→tourist 旅行者；观光者 -ant serve→servant 仆人 -ance/-ence appear→appearance 出现；外貌 -ing hear→hearing 听力；听觉 -ure/-ture press→pressure 压力
综合演练
always familiar, to round out my skills and knowledge. Risks come 4 every form, and throughout your career; taking risks could mean 5 (choose) to learn new areas of your business or simply putting your hand up to start new projects. Each one 6 (broaden) your skills and improve your knowledge while getting you 7 (close) to reaching your full potential.
综合演练
Ⅲ. 语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形
式。 Ask my kids to pick one word that describes me? They would likely say
“adventurous” according to what I 1 (do) in the past. I believe in taking risks and growing every day, in life and in business. I take part in outdoor adventures not only to spend time with my family, but also to learn more about myself 2 put in unfamiliar situations and environments. In business, I've always challenged myself by taking on new roles, in areas 3 I wasn't
grammar-wordformation构词法
④副词后缀 -ly really extremely -ward backward eastward ⑤数词后缀 -teen fourteen fifteen -ty forty fifty -th ninth twelfth
Refer to the book P92-94
3. 转化 : 一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几 种词性 。词性转化后，有的单词读音会发生变化。
2. 派生 :
是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。
happy 高兴--- unhappy 不高兴的 develop 发展 --- development 发展
3. Write out the original words.
unchangeable adj _______ change dislike v __________ like possible impossibility n _________ unfriendly adj__________ friend look overwork v ______________ misunderstanding n ____________ understand athletic adj______________ athlete read misread v ________ translator n _____________ translate
全神贯注地 (副词+副词)
P37, Exercise2
butterfly football ice-cream laptop watermelon worn-out earthquake man-kind easy-going passer-by downtown hard-working kind-hearted life-sized worthwhile northeastern mobile-phone headline homeland eggplant
20191819Unit5SectionⅢ Grammar——构词法语文.doc
Section ⅢGrammar——构词法[语境自主领悟]英语中词的构成方法主要有三种：合成、派生和转化。
一、合成由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连字符“-”连接，有的直接写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。
1．合成名词(1)由“可数名词＋介词(短语)”构成的复合名词变复数时，把前面的名词变复数。
father-in-law→fathers-in-law(2)由man和woman构成的合成名词变复数时，两个名词都要变成复数。
a woman teacher→women teachersa man doctor→men doctors(3)由“名词＋名词”构成的复合名词，在变复数时，只变中心名词，修饰名词不变。
a girlfriend→girlfriends2．合成形容词①She stared out of the window，lost in a daydream. 白日梦②There is widespread support for the new plan.广泛的③How many full-time workers have we got？全职的④As we all know，the daisy (明亮) opens at sunrise and closes at sunset.sunrise 日出；sunset日落二、转化法一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。
①Each apartment can house a family of six.v t.容纳②He insisted on staying up to nurse the child.v t.护理③The women are cross and bored.adj.愤怒的④The train slowed down.v i.减缓⑤I have booked my ticket and bought three books for my sister.第一个book是动词，预订；第二个book是名词，书三、派生法即在词根之前加前缀或在词根之后加后缀构成一个与原来单词意思相近或截然相反的单词。
Unit 5 Grammar构词法
Grammar
Word-formation Word-
Words & phrases
various 1._______ several different types of 2._______ the main subject of a talk, book, film theme or something else. 3._______ to keep something as it is , and area preserve of land made available for a special group of people or animals to live in 4._______ to or at any place, position or situation wherever 5._______ something that is pleasant to think fantasy about but is not real
3. Make compound words after the models. Model: bed + clothes = bedclothes A: book, boy, sea, fire, over, under, friend, sun, how, court, day, wide B: mark, side, burnt, friend, light, yard, fighter, fighter, ground, coat, ship, spread
(2) 构成形容词 -al, -an, -ful, -ing, -y, -less 构成形容词: national, American, careful, exciting, cloudy, useless (3) 构成动词 -fy, -is (z)e: 构成动词: beautify, realize (4) 构成副词 -ly: 构成副词: badly (5) 构成数词 -teen, -ty, -th 构成数词: thirteen, sixty, twelfth
unit-5--构词法-Grammar
1. 表示人职业的后缀（8个） er/or/ee/ess/ese/ist/ian/ant -ee employee interviewee trainee examinee -ant assistant servant applicant participant accountant NOTE： cooker speaker lighter washer tractor elevator eraser container chasier
1.pre- ex- fore- 向前 预先的
Prepreview prewar prearrange
Previous predict
ex-
ex- girlfriend ex-president ex-husband ex-wife
fore-
forefinger forehead forefather foreteller foresee
-ward(s)
adv 方向
forward backward inward outward upward downward eastward seaward
-some 形容词后缀 handsome tiresome troublesome awesome
ance /ence
perform
V→N
appear
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ高中词根词缀
构词法 （word formation）
1. 复合词（compound） 2. 转化词（conversion）
3. 派生词（derivation）
复合词：把两个或两个以上的词结合在一 起构成一个新词。
greenhouse scarecrow overnight looker-on make-up sleepwalk
18-19 Module 1 Section Ⅲ Grammar——构词法
18-19 Module 1 Section ⅢGrammar——构词法我们应当担负起这些责任。
(2)动词转化为名词dress v．(给……)穿衣服→n.连衣裙dream v．做梦→n.梦look v．看；寻找→n.看；神色love v．爱，喜欢→n.爱；爱人plant v．种植→n.植物；工厂smell v．闻到→n.气味study v．学习；研究→n.学习；研究；书房bet v．下赌注→n.打赌；赌注swim v．游泳→n.游泳try v．尝试→n.尝试kick v．踢→n.踢；踢脚work v．工作→n.工作In the beginning，John did good work at school.开始时约翰在学校的成绩不错。
[名师点津]由动词转化而来的名词常与give，have，make，take等动词搭配来表示一个动作。
give a kick 踢have a swim 游泳make a bet 打赌(3)形容词转化为动词dirty adj.脏的→v.(使)变脏dry adj.干燥的→v.擦干，(使)变干empty adj.空的→v.倒空free adj.自由的→v.释放narrow adj.狭窄的→v.(使)变窄slow adj.缓慢的→v.(使)减速quiet adj.安静的→v t.使平静；使安心The room gradually quieted down.屋里慢慢静了下来。
(4)形容词转化为名词chemical adj.化学的→n.化学制品，化学药品daily adj.每天的→n.日报final adj.最后的→n.决赛native adj.当地的→n.当地人quiet adj.安静的→n.宁静；平静total adj.总的→n.总数right adj.正确的→n.正确wrong adj.错误的→n.错误，坏事He didn't know the difference between right and wrong.他不辨是非对错。
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Section ⅢGrammar——构词法
[语境自主领悟]
英语中词的构成方法主要有三种：合成、派生和转化。
一、合成
由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连字符“-”连接，有的直接写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。
1．合成名词
(1)由“可数名词＋介词(短语)”构成的复合名词变复数时，把前面的名词变复数。
father-in-law→fathers-in-law
(2)由man和woman构成的合成名词变复数时，两个名词都要变成复数。
a woman teacher→women teachers
a man doctor→men doctors
(3)由“名词＋名词”构成的复合名词，在变复数时，只变中心名词，修饰名词不变。
a girlfriend→girlfriends
2．合成形容词
①She stared out of the window，lost in a daydream. 白日梦
②There is widespread support for the new plan.广泛的
③How many full-time workers have we got？全职的
④As we all know，the daisy (明亮) opens at sunrise and closes at sunset.sunrise 日出；sunset日落
二、转化法
一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。
①Each apartment can house a family of six.v t.容纳
②He insisted on staying up to nurse the child.v t.护理
③The women are cross and bored.adj.愤怒的
④The train slowed down.v i.减缓
⑤I have booked my ticket and bought three books for my sister.第一个book是动词，预订；第二个book是名词，书
三、派生法
即在词根之前加前缀或在词根之后加后缀构成一个与原来单词意思相近或截然相反的单词。
除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意思，不改变词性；后缀一般改变单词的词性，并不引起词义的变化。
1．前缀构词法
①It must have been fairly (fair) unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.
②This development was only possible with the introduction (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.
③However，be careful (care) not to go to extremes.
[语法应用落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The boy didn't pass the entrance examination，so his parents were unhappy (happy) about the result.
2．It is hoped that natural (nature) resources will be found on Mars.
3．He was one of the greatest thinkers(think) and had a great effect on Chinese culture.
4．On New Year's Day，we visited every neighbor in the village and were greeted warmly(warm) at each house.
5．After a long discussion(discuss) with her father，she decided not to take the job.
6．The Great Wall in China left a deep impression(impress) on the people all over the world.
7．Father looked at the result of his son's examination with satisfaction (satisfy)．8．It was impolite (polite) of you to ask him the personal question in front of so many people.
9．Martin was very helpful (help)；we couldn't have finished the work on time without him.
10．Mr Lee said that the smiles and happiness (happy) of the children gave him great courage every day.
Ⅱ.写出下列句中画线单词的词性和词义
1．①Take a few deep，slow breaths.adj.缓慢的
②You must slow down a little or you'll make yourself ill.v.放慢
2．①Mary's reading a book by Stephen King.n.书
②I'd like to book a table for two for 8 o'clock tonight.v.预订
3．①Jenny dropped the plate and it broke into pieces.v.打碎
②Lily wanted to take a career break in order to have children.n.休息
4．①I didn't need to go to the bank after all — Mary lent me the money.v.需要
②There is no need for you to get up early tomorrow.n.必要
5．①There are many new houses and shops along the street.n.商店
②I always shop on Saturdays.v.购物。