英语学习必须掌握的基础知识
英语基础知识_背熟会对你的学习很有好处一
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
二、一年十二个月
January February March April May June
July August September October November December
三、一年四季
1. spring
2. summer
3. autumn
4. winter
四、亲属称呼
1. daughter (女儿)
2. niece (女性晚辈)
3. nephew (男性晚辈)
4. cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹)
5. aun 辈)
6. uncle (男性长辈)
五、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母
1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔
2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制
3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认
4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现
5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿
6. refer (referred, referring) 提到
7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记
8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许
9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备
注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）
六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词
1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播
2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑
3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止
4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅
5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰
6. hang (作“绞死”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung)
7. lie –lied –lied 说谎; lie—lay---lain躺下lay-laid- laid 放置
8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖
10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉
12. spread (spread, spread) 传播13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳
14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎16.wear( wore; worn) 穿/戴
17.hold (held, held ) 18.make (made, made)
19. keep (kept, kept)
七、意思相近的词
1. check （核对）/ examine(检查)/ test（测试）
2. receive（收到）/ accept（接受）
3. destroy （毁坏；毁灭）/ damage（破坏）
4. celebrate(庆祝)/ congratulate（祝贺）
5. wear sth / dress sb 穿衣
八、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化
1. long—length 长度
2. wide—width 宽度
3. high—height 高度
4. strong—strength力量
九、以-ic结尾的动词，应先把-ic变为-ick，再加ing或ed
1. picnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐
十、个别名词的复数拼写
1. German (Germans) 德国人
2. gulf (gulfs) 海湾
3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕ro
房顶
4. hero (英雄)，potato (土豆)，tomato (西红柿) 等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化1. succeed—success成功2. pronounce—pronunciation 发音3. explain—explanation解释4. decide—decision 决定
5. enter—entrance进入
6. permit—permission 允许
7. consider—consideration 考虑
8. expect—expectation 期待
9. discover—discovery 发现10. bury—burial 埋葬11. conclude—conclusion 得出结论12. arrive—arrival 到达13. weigh—weight 重量14. describe—description 描述15. lose—loss 损失16. anxious---anxiety 焦虑十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化1. beautiful美丽的—beautifully 2. possible可能的—possibly 3. practical实际的—practically 4. particular特别的—particularly 5. successful成功的—successfully 十三、其它必背单词
1. abroad 国外
2. absence n. 缺席(absent adj.)
3. accept 接受)
4. accident事故(accidental adj. 偶然的，accidentally adv. 偶然地)
5. achievement成就(achieve v. 获得)
6. address地址
7. admire钦佩
8. admit承认（admitted)
9. agreement 协议
10. agriculture农业(agricultural adj. 农业的) industry 工业（industrial工业的）
11. altogether总共12. ancient 古代
13. announce宣告、通知announcement ( n. 口头通知)
14. anxiety 忧虑(anxious adj. 焦急的，anxiously adv. 焦急地)
15. apologize v. 道歉(apology n. 道歉)
16. appear 出现（appearance 外貌n.）disappear消失/不见
17. appreciate感激/欣赏(感激人用thank sb；某人做的事用appreciate sth.)
18. Asian(亚洲的) 19. assistant 助手
20. astonish吃惊(astonishment n. 吃惊，astonishing令吃惊的，astonished吃惊的)
21. astronaut 宇航员22. atmosphere气氛
23. attempt尝试(n / v) attempt to do sth
24. attentively 专心地25. attention 专心pay attention to doing sth 26. attitude 态度27. attract 吸引(attraction吸引力) 28. average平均/ 平均的on average 平均
30. balance平衡keep the balance of nature保持生态平衡
31. beauty 美(beautiful, beautifully ) beautify美化
32. believe相信(belief n. 信念，其复数是beliefs) 33. beyond超过34. biology生物35. birthday生日
36. bravery 勇敢brave勇敢的bravely勇敢地
37.broad宽阔的38. broadcast广播(broadcast ; broadcast;)
39. care 关心careful 小心的carefully小心地
40. ceiling天花板41. cinema电影院
42. celebrate庆祝43. celebration 庆祝n.
44. century 世纪45. challenge 挑战46. character 性格
47. charge收费be charge of / take charge of 管理…
48. comfort v. & n. 安慰comfortable 舒适的adj. comfortably adv.舒适地50. comment 评论51. communicate （vt）communication (n) 交流
52. competition 竞赛(compete v. 竞赛competitor 竞赛者)
53. composition 作文54. concert 音乐会
55. conclude v. conclusion n. 结论56. condition情况(conditions条件) 57. concern 关心(vt) 58. congratulations 祝贺(congratulate v.)
59. constant 不断的constantly 不断地
60. construction(建设) 61. continue继续
62. contribution 贡献(contribute v.) make contributions to 对…做出贡献
63. convenient (adj.) 方便的conveniently方便地64. conversation 谈话65. coughing咳嗽66. cousin表兄弟67. cruel的(adj. cruelly 残酷地adv.)
68. curious 好奇的(curiosity n. 好奇) 69. culture（cultural文化的adj.）70. customer 顾客72. custom习俗73. destroy毁灭(其过去式是destroyed) 74. declre delicious 美味76. damage损坏
77. determined 有决心的be determined to do sth 决心做某事
78. develop发展(development n. developing 发展中的，developed发达的)
79. dialogue 对话80. diary 日记(dairy 奶制品)
81. difference 不同点(复数differences) different不同的differently 不同地differ from be from make differences
82. disappointed失望的(disappointing 让人失望的) 83. disappointment 失望84. discovery 发现(复数discoveries，动词discover，发现者discoverer)
85. disturb打扰86. dollar美元(其复数是dollars)
87. downstairs楼下upstairs楼上
88. dream梦想(其过去式是dreamed或dreamt)
89. electricity电(electrical电的，electric 电的)
90. employ 雇用(employment n. employer 雇主，employee雇员)
91. empty倒空(可用动词，其过去式是emptied)
92. encourage鼓励(encouraging, encouraged, encouragement n.) encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事93. energy能量94. envelope 信封95. envy n. 妒忌
96. equal(平等的) equality平等
97. equipment设备98. especially 尤其是99. essential(重要的) 100. European 欧洲人101. event事件107. expert 专家102. excellent极好(excellence n. excellently adv.) 104. exhibition展览105. expense 耗费expensive 昂贵的106. experience 经验/经历(experienced 有经验的) an unusual experience一次不同寻常的经历have much experience经验丰富108. express (vt) 表达expression (n) 138. impress 印象impression (n.) 109. fail v.失败failure n.失败fail to do sth 没做成某事110. familiar(熟悉的) be familiar to /with 112. favorite 最喜爱的flexible 灵活的113. figure人物/数字114. finger手指115. flight飞行116. forehead前额117. foreign(外国的)
118. fortunate幸运的fortunately幸运地unfortunately不幸运地119. forward向前120. freezing 极冷的(frozen 冷冻的) 121. frequently 经常地122. furniture 家具123.far 远的further进一步的124. generally 大概generally speaking 一般来说125. geography地理126. Germany德国
127. government政府128. gradual 逐渐的gradually逐渐地129. graduation毕业(graduate from毕业于) 130. grammar语法131. habit习惯form a habit of 养成…习惯
132. handkerchief 手绢) 133. honest诚实的honesty 诚实134. honor/honour 荣誉135. imagination 想象力(imagine v.) 136. immediate (立即的) immediately马上(adv) 139. incident小事件140. including包括(include v.) 141．independent 独立的142. industry工业(industrial adj. 工业的) 143. information 信息144. instrument 仪器145. institute学院146. inspire激励(inspiration n. inspiring鼓舞人心的, inspired受鼓舞的) 147. interest 兴趣interesting有兴趣的be interested in对…感兴趣148. interrupt 打断150. introduce介绍(introduction n.) 151. regular规则的irregular 不规则的152. journey旅程153. judge判断(judgment) judging from 根据…来判断154. kindergarten幼儿园155. knowledge 知识156. labor/labour劳动157. late 迟的late1y最近158. laugh笑laughter笑声159. law法律lawyer律师legal合法的illegal非法的
160. library 图书馆librarian图书馆理员161. lose掉失,（lost ，lost）loss损失n. 162. luck 幸运lucky幸运的luckily幸运地163. magazine杂志164. majority (大多数) 166. manage 设法(manager经理, management管理) manage to do 设法做到.. 167. market(市场) supermarket超市
168. marriage 结婚(marry v. 结婚，married已婚的) get married to 与某人结婚169. material(s)材料) 171. mayor市长
172. mean (意味、打算) meaning 意义meaningful 有意义的173. measure测量take measures 采取措施174. medal 奖章(比较：model 模型metal 金属) 175. memory记忆力(memorize v. 记住，remember 记得) 176. message 口信178. modern现代的179. modest谦虚的180. monitor 班长181. moustache 胡子182. murder谋杀(murderer 凶手)
183. music 音乐musical音乐的musician 音乐家184. mysterious 神秘的(mystery 神秘) 185. nationality国籍(nation 国家，national国家的) 186. nature 自然natural自然的) 187. naughty 淘气的188.) normal 正常的190. necessary 必要it is necessary for sb to do sth 某人有必要做某事191. obey (遵守) break 违反192. obvious 明显的obviously 明显地193. offer主动提供) offer to do sth主动做某事
194. operate动手术operation手术195. opportunity 机会（=chance）196. ordinary 普通的197. organize/organise(组织) organization组织198. particularly 特别是199. passenger 旅客200. problem难题question问题201. patience耐心patient耐心的；病人(patiently耐心地) 203. perfect 完美（的）(perfectly) Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧204. perform (表演) 205. perhaps 或许206. period 时期207. permit 许可vt permission许可n
208. persuaded(说服) 209. phenomenon 现象phenomena 现象（复数）210. physicist 物理学家211. pilot (飞行员)
212. poisonous 有毒的(poison) 213. political 政治的(politics) 214. popular受欢迎的215. population人口216. position 职位217. possibility(-ies)可能性(possible 可能的) 218. poverty 贫穷n (poor贫穷的) 220. pra practical (可实施的，实际的)
221. prepare（准备) preparation 222. press 压/按pressure(压力) 223. pretend假装pretend to do sth 假装做某事224. professor 教授225. profit 利润
226. progress进步make good progress进步很大227. pronounce发音pronunciation (n.发音)
228. provide 提供(比较：supply/ provide sb with sth offer sb sth提供某人某物, 229. public 公众230. purpose目的on purpose故意地231. quality质量/素质232. quantity数量
233. realize (实现vt) reality n.现实234. receive 收到
235. recently(最近= lately)
236. recycle( 循环再用) 237. recognize 认出
238. regards 问候give my regards to sb请带我向某人问候
239. remind提醒remind sb of sth 提醒某人某物
240. repeat vt.重复(repetition n.重复) 241. respect尊敬
242. restaurant 餐馆
244. satisfaction满意(satisfy, satisfied, satisfying)
246. Saturday(星期六) 247. scientific 科学的
248. scientific科学的249. secretary秘书
250. secretly (秘密地) 251. separately单独地252. separate (单独的adj、分开vt) 253. serious 严重的(seriously) 254. serve (v) – service (n)服务
255. shortcoming缺点256. silence 安静(silent安静的-silently安静地)
257. succeed (vi) 成功success (n) 成功successful (adj) 成功的successfully (adv) Succeed in doing sth 成功做某事（=be successful to do sth）
258. similar 类似的(similarity –ies相似之处) 259. situation形势/情况
260. slightly(稍微) 261. society 社会(social adj. 社会的)
262. southern(南方的) northern北方的western 西方的eastern 的
263. special特别的264. species 物种(单复数同形)
265. spring春天266. square 平方
267. steal –stole --stolen(偷) 268. straight(直的) 269. suit合适suitable合适的270. support支持/支撑support the family养家糊口
271. surprise吃惊to one’s surprise使某人吃惊的是be surprised at 对..感到吃惊
272. surround 包围surrounding周围的surroundings环境273. swimming(游泳n.) 276. temperature温度284. umbrella(雨伞) 274. technique 技术(technical adj. 技术的) 275. technology技术277. theory 理论in theory 理论上278. thirst 渴n thirsty口渴的adj 279. thorough 彻底的280. total合计281. traffic 交通traffic jam 塞车282. translate翻译translation 翻译translator翻译家283. interpret 解说, interpreter 口语翻译) 286. usual平常的unusual不寻常的unusually不寻常地287. unwilling 不愿意(willing adj. 愿意will n. 意志) be willing to do 愿意做…290. vacation假期(=holiday ) 291. various各种各样的(variety n. 种类) 292. victim受害者293. victory胜利294. vocabulary词汇295. voyage航行296. waste (浪费) It’s a waste to do sth 做某事时一种浪费297. wealth财富298. weather天气whether是否299. whisper 低语300. worship崇拜