高中英语独立主格结构
完整版)高中英语独立主格结构详细讲解

完整版)高中英语独立主格结构详细讲解独立主格独立主格结构是指带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句或无动词分句。
由于独立主格结构有自己的逻辑主语,与主句无关,因此传统语法称其为“独立主格结构”。
实际上,独立主格结构是一种从属分句,与主句共同表达一个完整的意思,通常在句中起状语分句的作用。
独立主格结构可放于句首或句尾,用逗号和主句隔开。
独立主格结构由名词或代词作逻辑主语和非谓语动词分句或无动词分句组成。
非谓语动词分句包括现在分词、过去分词和不定式,无动词分句包括名词、形容词、副词和介词短语。
基本形式为:名词普通格/代词主格+非谓语动词分句/无动词分句,with引导的复合结构。
现在分词表示前面名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态,过去分词表示前面名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的状态,不定式表示将来的动作。
例如,“The man lay there。
his handstrembling.”,“So many students being ab sent。
the meeting had to be put off.”,“The boy lay on his back。
his hands crossed under his head.”,“He suggested going for a ic。
Mary to provide the food.”。
在独立主格结构中,being或havingbeen有时可以省略。
These are the first two books。
and the third one is set to be released next month。
We will gather at 7:30.and the n will XXX 8.Many people。
including women and children。
joined in the work。
He XXX。
The XXX。
so we had to wait outside for a while。
高考英语语法讲解:独立主格!

高考英语语法讲解:独立主格!独立主格独立主格结构的构成:名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;名词(代词)+形容词;名词(代词)+副词;名词(代词)+不定式;名词(代词)+介词短语构成。
独立主格结构的特点:1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
例如:The test finished,we began our holiday.=When the test was finished,we began our holiday.考试结束了,我们开始放假。
The president assassinated,the whole country was in deep sorrow.=After the president was assassinated,the whole country was in deep sorrow.总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting,we are going to visit you tomorrow.天气允许,我们明天去看你。
This done,we went home.工作完成后,我们才回家。
The meeting gone over,everyone tired to go home earlier.会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room,his ears red with cold.他回到了房子里,耳朵冻得红通通的。
He came out of the library,a large book under his arm.他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆10.2 with的复合结构作独立主格表示伴随情况时,既可用分词的独立结构,也可用with的复合结构:with+名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语。
高中英语语法-独立主格讲解与练习

独立主格结构一、概念“独立主格结构”就是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词(副)词或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。
该结构不是句子,也不是从句,所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化,它与主句之间不能通过并列连词连接,也不能由从句阴道词引导,通常用逗号与主句隔开。
独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或者其他状语形式,但很多时候不能转化为分词形式,因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。
二、独立主格的特点1.当独立主格结构中的being done表示“正在被做时”,being不可以被省略。
2.当独立主格结构的逻辑主语是it,there时,being不可以省略。
三、独立主格结构的用法。
放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。
四、非谓语动词独立主格结构。
“名词或代词+非谓语动词”结构构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。
名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1.不定式构成的独立主格结构不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态,在句中常作原因状语,有时做条件状语。
Lots of homework to do,I have to stayhome all day.由于很多作业要做,我只好待在家里。
Somany childrentolook after,the mother has toquit herjob.如此多的孩子要照顾,这个妈妈不得不辞掉她的工作。
2.动词+ing形式的独立主格结构动词-ing形式的句中作状语时,其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语,否则就是不正确的。
动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时,就应在动词的-ing形式前加上逻辑主语,构成动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构,逻辑主语与动词间为主谓关系,是分词的动作执行者,分词表示的动作时逻辑主语发出的动作。
ﻫWe redoubled our efforts,each manworking liketwo.ﻫ我们加倍努力,每个人就像在干两个人的活。
高中英语知识点:独立主格结构

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高中英语语法精讲独立主格结构

高中英语语法精讲独立主格结构独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)是高中英语语法中的一个重要知识点,也是较为困惑和难以理解的一部分内容。
独立主格结构指的是由名词或代词与现在分词或过去分词构成的结构,它独立于主句的成分,但又与主句的动作、状态有一定的关系。
本文将详细介绍独立主格结构的定义、构成、用法以及常见错误。
一、独立主格结构的定义和构成1.定义:独立主格结构是由一个名词或代词(称为主格)和一个现在分词或过去分词构成,并且在句子中独立存在,不与主句的其他成分构成谓语动词关系。
2.构成:独立主格结构由以下三部分组成:-名词或代词(主格)-现在分词或过去分词-结构补充成分(可能省略)例如:1) The sun having set, we decided to go home.(由于太阳已经下山,所以我们决定回家。
)2) Her homework finished, she went out to play.(她做完了作业,就出去玩了。
)3) The weather being so hot, we decided to go swimming.(由于天气太热,我们决定去游泳。
)二、独立主格结构的用法独立主格结构常用于下面几种情况:1.表示主句和从句发生的动作同时进行例如:- The teacher leaving the room, the students began to talk.(老师离开教室,学生们就开始聊天。
)2.表示原因、条件或时间例如:- The story being interesting, I couldn't help but read it all night.(由于这个故事很有趣,所以我忍不住整夜读完了它。
)3.表示伴随、结果或程度例如:- His hands trembling, he couldn't hold the cup steady.(他的手颤抖着,无法将杯子稳住。
高中英语独立主格结构详解

高中英语独立主格结构独立主格一、独立主格结构的含义和实质“ 独立主格结构” ( absolute construction )由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语,结构上与主句不发生关系,因此传统语法叫做“ 独立主格结构” 。
独立主格结构是一种从属分句,与主句紧密联系在一起,共同表达一个完整的意思,通常在句中起状语从句的作用,独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾,用逗号和主句隔开。
在英语中,谓语只能是动词,不是谓语的动词全部改称非谓语动词。
非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。
若不一致,非谓语动词形式需要另带主语,从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。
这种结构称为“独立结构”。
其中,非谓语动词主动用现在分词,被动用过去分词。
独立主格结构在句中作状语,有时也做表语,多用于书面语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子,只是在句子中当作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的及状态等。
二、独立主格的结构组成独立主格结构可以分为两部分:一部分是名词或代词,起逻辑主语的作用;另一部分是非谓语动词分句(现在分词、过去分词、不定式)或无动词分句(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语),表示前面名词或代词的动作或状态。
独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。
例如:基本形式是:名词 / 代词 + 现在分词 / 过去分词 / 不定式 / 名词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语, with 引导的复合结构。
1 .名词 / 代词 + 现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。
例 The man lay there, his hands trembling.Time permitting(= If time permits), we will go out to play basketball..The girl staring at him(= As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say.注:“ 独立结构” 中的 being 或 having been 有时可以省去,这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。
高中英语---独立主格结构

独立主格结构独立主格结构是由名词或代词,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、介词短语或不定式构成的。
该结构意思完整,但不能单独使用,可以在句中作状语,用来表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等,一般都有逗号与主句分开。
该结构中,being或having been有时可以省去,但在there be句型中或逻辑主语是代词时一般不省。
一、时间:The moon appearing, they went out for a walk. 月亮出来了,他们到外面去散步。
The meeting over, they all went home. 会议结束,他们都回家了。
Hello said, he reached out his hand. 打过招呼,他就把手伸了出来。
The test finished, we began our holiday. 考试结束了,我们开始放假。
The meeting gone over, everyone tried to go home earlier. 会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。
Goodbye said, the little boy as well as his classmates left school and went home happily. 告辞之后,小男孩和他的同学一起高高兴兴地回家了。
The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan. 决定已经做出,下个问题就是怎样制订好的计划。
Their work done, the workers left the factory. 活干完之后,工人们离开了工厂。
The meeting over, the officials came out. 会议结束之后,官员们出来了。
The speech having been delivered,a lively discussion started.演讲结束后,就开始了热烈的讨论。
高中英语独立主格结构(共26张PPT)

e.g. More money given, we should have sent more employees to the mother company to get trained.
2. 在独立主格结构中,如果强调分词 的时间发生在主句动词之前,常用 现在分词完成时态表示。
e.g. He stood there, his hand tied. 也可以用with的复合结构:
e.g. He stood there, with his hand tied.
独立主格结构使用介词的问题: 当介词是in时,其前后的两个名词 均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词), 也不用复数。 e.g. A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
4. He (being) absent, no business was done.
5.She sat there alone, her face covered with her hands / her hands covering her face.
6.He was reading newspaper, (with) his back against the window.
The snow having stopped, she went out to the zoo.
The clock having struck 12, I went to bed.
The problem having been settled, we ended our meeting.
我们一起来改一下这个句子:
独立主格结构的用法
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英语(必修4)Unit4语法导学:独立主格结构一、非谓语动词独立主格结构在独立主格结构中,非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
Such an able man to help you,you will surely succeed sooner or later. 有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。
(such an able man和to help you是主谓关系)= Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.A.不定式“独立主格结构”1.动词不定式用主动的形式在独立主格结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
His mother to come tonight,he is busy preparing the dinner.(= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing...)B.-ing形式“独立主格结构”动词的-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。
Being ill, he went home. 由于生病,他回家了。
(= As he was very ill, he went home.)1.表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class. (相当于一个时间状语从句When everyone was ready)2.表示原因的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. (相当于一个原因状语从句Because the boy led the way)3.表示条件的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”Time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.(相当于一个条件状语从句If time permits)4.表示方式的-ing形式作“独立主格结构”The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.学生们快乐地在学校里走着,每个人胸前都带着一张卡。
(相当于一个并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest)C.-ed形式“独立主格结构”与逻辑主语+动词的-ing形式一样,如果-ed形式的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致的话,就需要用-ed形式的独立主格结构。
The book written in simple English, English beginners were able to read it.= As the book was written in simple English,English beginners were able to read it.【比较】动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生,动词-ed形式表示动作已经结束,动词-ing形式往往表示动作正在进行。
The manager looks worried,many things to settle. (事情还没有处理,而且是由经理本人来处理,用不定式to settle)The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. (事情已经处理好了,用动词-ed形式settled表示动作已经结束)二、动词独立主格结构“逻辑主语+being+其他”是独立主格结构中的“逻辑主语+动词-ing形式”的一种形式。
在这种结构中,being往往可以被省去,这种省去being的结构,称之为无动词“独立主格结构”。
A.逻辑主语+名词Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.(the youngest和a boy of 12之间省去了being)【注意】独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略,一是在“There being + 名词”结构中,二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。
There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家。
B.逻辑主语+形容词He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.(his eyes和sleepy之间省去了being)= He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy.C.逻辑主语+副词School over, we all went home. (school和over之间省去了being)= School was over, and we all went home.D.逻辑主语+介词短语He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us.= He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us.提示:在“逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构里,如果名词用单数,可以不用冠词,同时介词短语里的限定词也可省略。
The music teacher stood at the door, violin in hand.音乐老师站在门口,手里拿着一把小提琴。
(= The music teacher stood at the door, a violin in his hand.)三、 with, without 引导的独立主格结构介词with/without +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构,上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。
A.with+名词代词+形容词He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open. 他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。
= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.【注意】在“with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中,也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。
With his son so disappointing,the old man felt unhappy.由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。
B.with+名词代词+副词Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on. 所有的灯都打开时,我们的学校看上去更美。
= Our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are on.C.with+名词代词+介词短语He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand.他站在门口,手里拿着一部电脑。
= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.D.with+名词代词+动词的-ed形式With his homework done, Peter went out to play. = When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.E.with+名词代词+动词的-ing形式The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.有这么多的孩子坐在他周围,那男子感到很高兴。
= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him.F.with+名词代词+动词不定式The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.【提示】在withwithout 的复合结构中,多数情况下with 能省略,但without 不能省略。
Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。
(without不能省略)四、独立主格结构的句法功能独立主格结构在句中除了能充当原因状语、时间状语、条件状语和伴随状语外,还能作定语。
在形式上,“独立主格结构”可位于句首、句中或句尾,并通常用逗号与主句隔开。
A.作状语:独立主格结构作状语,其功能相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。
1.表示时间Night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel. 夜幕降临,我们在一家小旅馆住了下来。
(= When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.)2.表示原因With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.有许多难题要解决,新当选的总统日子不好过。
(= As he has a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.)3.表示条件Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.如果天气允许的话,我们下星期将举行每年一次的运动会。
(= If weather permits,we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.)【提示】表示时间、原因、条件的独立主格结构一般放在句首,并且不能保留连词。